EP3155321B1 - Procédé et appareil pour combustion d'un combustible provenant de déchets ou de biomasse - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour combustion d'un combustible provenant de déchets ou de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3155321B1
EP3155321B1 EP15726011.8A EP15726011A EP3155321B1 EP 3155321 B1 EP3155321 B1 EP 3155321B1 EP 15726011 A EP15726011 A EP 15726011A EP 3155321 B1 EP3155321 B1 EP 3155321B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
fls
air
stepped
combustible material
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EP15726011.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3155321A1 (fr
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Joachim Kümmel
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for combustion of fuel material from waste and / or biomass on a rigid boiler grate according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for combustion according to the preamble of claim 10 for carrying out the method.
  • the EP 0262100 A2 discloses the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method of combusting fuel material from waste and / or biomass on a boiler grate is known.
  • the fuel material is in this case fed to an inclined grate surface, which is cooled by a cooling medium. It is an active, loosening transport of the fuel material causes on the boiler grate and the supply of combustion air is carried out over several airways.
  • the grate surface is here sloping inclined, but perfectly flat. In this flat grate surface slots are provided, can be extended by the active blades into the combustion chamber to actively loosen the fuel material and transported on the inclined grate surface can.
  • Another method of combusting fuel material and a corresponding apparatus for carrying out the method is known from DE 2 152 121 A1 known.
  • this known method and the device show a self-rigid step grate of a boiler system, wherein the corresponding step grate is inclined in the direction of the outlet for the ash of the combusted fuel material. It is also provided that the grate surface of the step grate is flowed through by a cooling medium, wherein the cooling medium is integrated into the existing water circulation system of the boiler system.
  • the inclined grate surface of the rigid step grate has finned tubes welded together, which are flowed through by the cooling medium and that can be provided in the welded fins of the fin tubes air gaps for introduction of combustion air.
  • a structurally differently structured stepped grate for waste incineration is in the DE 1 262 493 A1 described.
  • This step grate has an upper grate area, which has approximately an inclination angle between 25 ° and 35 ° and a lower grate area with an inclination between 0 ° and 15 °.
  • step grate is from the DE 37 40 729 A1 known.
  • the stages of this step grate are formed of flat iron, under which water pipes are arranged for cooling the step grate, wherein the water used for cooling is integrated in the water circulating system of the boiler system existing there.
  • DD 137 962 A1 which relates to a combustion chamber for oil sludge residues, provided step-shaped inclined grate surfaces, each associated with two slides for conveying the fuel material.
  • Grate furnaces with air- or water-cooled cast grate bars are preferably used and operated in industrial and biomass power plants for the incineration of waste and biomass with heating values of 8,000 KJ / kg to 25,000 KJ / kg.
  • the grate systems used for the incineration of waste and biomass in the power range of 10-160 MW have combustion areas between 10 and 120 m 2 , with grating widths of 2-14 m and grating lengths of 6-9 m.
  • the fuel calorific values and the type and consistency of the fuels used for combustion, as well as the control systems used and the grate and grate bar constructions generally generate considerable imbalances in the fuel bed during operation of the power plant, with measured temperature fluctuations in the firebox between 600 ° C and 1,200 ° C ,
  • grate bars made of high-alloy cast steel with cast-in cooling tubes show high-temperature corrosion at the grate bar heads and at the lateral joints when the "hotspots" at these grate bar locations exceed temperatures of 550 ° C or even 700 ° C.
  • the eutectics of the chlorides and sulfates can then reach melting points of 400 ° C ⁇ 100K, which can be used to define a significant limit temperature for this type of corrosion.
  • the fuel bed imbalances are the pressure loss fluctuations in the fuel bed due to fuel craters in the fuel bed and uneven burnup, due to the different calorific values and fractions in the fuel bed, among other causes.
  • a uniform air distribution under and in the fuel bed is so extremely hindered or prevented, with the consequences of locally and temporarily generated pyrolysis gases and the previously described extremely hot stratifications in the flue gas.
  • the grate-cooling heat goes with the spec. Cooling values of 20-40 or 50 KW / m 2 rust surface for the power plant process partially or completely lost. With a grate area of eg 40 m 2 , the heat loss can reach values of> 1 MW; At 100 m 2 grate surface, the heat loss reaches values of up to 2.5 MW.
  • Scblinlrost with its finned wall construction, which was developed for the combustion of nut carbon, has left the principle of the flat fuel layer, but could meet the requirements for a combustion for the combustion of inhomogeneous fuels such as wood, biomass, waste, waste, etc. do not fulfill.
  • the Scblinlrost system lacks the combustion-relevant criteria such as treads, fuel-bed crashes, combustion-specific fuel transport systems for the rust stages, in situ cleaning systems for the rust surfaces and the air nozzles and much more.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object , a very efficient method for burning fuel material from waste, such as household waste, industrial waste, wood, straw and other biomasses, with the particular corrosion aspects are better controlled, and a to realize corresponding apparatus for performing this method, which is designed relatively simple and inexpensive and allows a long service life and high operating times.
  • an active, loosening transport of the fuel material is provided from stage to stage, this measure improves the combustion of the fuel material and this is favored by the supply of combustion air through a plurality of different airways this even further.
  • a rigid step grate with inclined grate surface is provided, which has finned tubes welded together, which are flowed through by a cooling medium, in particular boiling water boiler system, and this cooling medium is integrated into the water circulation system of the boiler system ,
  • the finned tubes welded together have air gaps for supplying the combustion air.
  • the rigid step grate is rigidly connected to the boiler system according to the invention, so that no expansion compensators are required in between.
  • movable transport ram are provided in the steps of the step grate.
  • the promotion and circulation of the fuel material is further improved by the formation of Abbruchkanten at the transition of the stages to a subsequent stage of the stepped grate, wherein the Abbruchkanten have two to three times the height of the known grate bars.
  • the previously used movable, high-alloy grate bars are replaced by rolled, welded together fin tubes made of carbon steel.
  • the surfaces of the grate steps no longer have plane surfaces but corrugated surfaces with air channels under the fuel bed, the fuel having no surface contact on the transversely corrugated grate surfaces but only line and / or point contacts, and the fuel transport has no erosive effects Has.
  • the fuel on the grate is no longer pushed by the movable grate bars on a wide surface "compacting" to the next approximately 80-100 mm deeper grate level, but "loosening” i. air permeable to the next approximately 200-400 mm, i. on the more than twice as deep lying grate level by lattice tappets passed, with the result of lower air-side pressure losses and thus an optimal air distribution in the fuel bed.
  • the grate cooling heat can be largely integrated so lossless directly into the existing circulation circuit of the boiler system, without additional circulation pumps, recoolers, control and regulation systems, and without the need for the injection of additional cooling air and / or recirculation gases in the furnace Compliance with or below the ash melting temperatures in the flue gases.
  • the surface temperature of the grate will always be above the dew point temperature of the fire gases and always below the eutectic melting temperatures of the fuel companion, regardless of the fuel calorific values and regardless of the boiler load.
  • the grate system is therefore suitable for a broader fuel band, in particular for the previously described fuel levels and properties, for fuels with corrosive constituents and with high ash constituents.
  • the grate system or the device according to the invention is cheaper and easier to repair and the maintenance and downtime costs can be reduced, with the result of longer travel times and plant availability.
  • the invention has the goal that, in addition to the measures to combat the corrosion and erosion effects on the grates and grate bars, with the other negative effects on the boiler systems, in particular the corrosion and erosion causes eliminated by a completely new Jardinnrost concept be like with no need for costly high-chromium alloyed grate bars, in addition to the other measures described.
  • a first essential measure is that the used stepped grate FLS, as in the FIGS. 1 to 5 represented by a finned tubes welded staircase-shaped, with an angle ⁇ rising grate surface is formed, the fin tubes with a manifold V fall pipe side and a collector S risrohr facility are involved in the water circulation system of the corresponding boiler system.
  • the so-called cooling heat from the step grate is coupled into the corresponding boiler system directly and without loss, or largely loss-free.
  • the height RSH of the grate stages RST is dimensioned depending on the fuel consistency with at least 200 mm to a maximum of 400 mm zone-dependent.
  • the grate stages RST are designed with a positive angle ⁇ of at least 3 ° to a maximum of 10 °.
  • the grate bars of classical feed in particular of Schürrosten, in contrast to the step grate in the context of the invention, designed without inclination angle or with a negative angle to 20 °.
  • the ash transport is retarded, with the ash on the grate bars rotating with the result of grinding erosion on the grate, caused by erosive ash of the fuel material on the grate surface, as a result of the increased number of grate bar movements is.
  • the positive angle, with the stepped grating FLS formed from welded fin tubes FLR avoids such rotating grinding erosions.
  • the transport of the fuel material on the step grille FLS by means of vertical plunger ST and not by moving grate bars or vibration drives.
  • the plunger ST in the context of the invention have an approximately vertical front surface and are guided directly over the welded fins FL of the fin tubes FLR on the falling falls of the grate steps through slots, so that in the manner of acting over the width of the step grate grid the transport of the Fuel material from rust stage to rust stage RST loosening, that is, the fuel material can not be compacted, promoted and circulated.
  • These vertically arranged plungers ST which can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the step grate, can be arranged above each fin FL or each weld SN of two adjacent pipe fins, but also over every second pipe fin. This can be done depending on the fuel material being burned and the fuel consistency.
  • the supply of the combustion air under the bed of the fuel material via in particular three differently shaped airways takes place.
  • a first air path is formed by the plunger ST provided for transporting the fuel material, wherein the combustion air outside the plungers and / or through inner air ducts LK at an angle ⁇ in the wave-shaped longitudinal channels PL, which by the welded fins FL of the fin tubes FLR be formed.
  • a second air path is provided in the arrangement of the vertical plunger ST in each second fin by preferably prismatic or round nozzle openings RD in the plunger-free tube fins, whereby the combustion air can be introduced into each of the wave-shaped longitudinal channels PL of the stepped grate FLS.
  • a third air path for supplying combustion air is provided in the welded fins of the substantially horizontal grate stages RST, this being realized by conical air nozzles LD bored through the welded fins.
  • These conical air nozzles are in particular in the middle and end part of the grate steps of ⁇ inclined by an angle, but substantially horizontal, Formed rust levels over which additional amounts of air can be injected into the longitudinal channels PL and thus a uniform air supply can be ensured under the bed of the fuel material.
  • each grate level RST is amplified by a negative angle ⁇ .
  • the fuel material BM transferred to the respective next grate stage RST thus falls in front of the exposed air nozzles RD and can not close them - also due to slags.
  • the air is applied to the fuel bed so evenly at low speed, so that even biomasses with high capillary water content and volatile components, such as straw, achieve optimum combustion values.
  • the above-mentioned measures are implemented in the core idea in a method according to the invention for combusting fuel material from waste and / or biomass from a rigid step grate FLS of a boiler system, by supplying the fuel material BM to an inclined grate surface of the step grate FLS through which cooling medium flows and this cooling medium the existing water circulation system of the boiler system is involved, wherein the fuel material BM is passed through several grate zones RZ AB via Abbruchkanten AK at stages RST of rigidly connected to the boiler plant KMW step grate FLS and the stages RST of the step grate FLS are designed with a positive inclination angle ⁇ , wherein an active, loosening transport of the fuel material BM is performed on each stage RST of the rigid step grille FLS and the supply of the combustion air takes place via a plurality of different air paths.
  • boiling water of the boiler system is used as the cooling medium for the grate surface of the stepped grate FLS, in particular in one Temperature range from at least 180 ° C to a maximum of 320 ° C, with boiling water pressures between 10 bar and 120 bar.
  • the supply of combustion air takes place substantially under the fuel material BM in the region and along the grate surface of the step grate FLS and approximately vertically from below via in the grate surface introduced air nozzles LD.
  • the air nozzles LD are expediently provided conically in the region of the welded together adjacent pipe fins and arranged in particular in the middle and end of the inclined by an angle ⁇ stages RST of the step grate FLS.
  • a further advantageous measure is to transport the fuel material BM by means of a loosening transport grid over the grate zones RZ and the steps RST of the step grate FLS.
  • the steps of the step grate FLS are designed with a positive inclination angle ⁇ of at least 3 ° to a maximum of 10 ° with respect to the total inclination ⁇ of the step grate and the surface of the respective surface which extends approximately horizontally but slightly inclined.
  • the downpipe and riser pipe side flows through a manifold V and a collector S FLS of the step grate FLS, and is integrated directly into the existing water circulating system of the boiler system .
  • Another advantage of the measures according to the invention is that by the active transport of the fuel material BM, the air nozzles installed in the grate surface LD are kept free for the supply of combustion air, which is realized by the displaceability of the plunger provided for this purpose.
  • the inventive device for combustion of fuel material from waste and / or biomass in a boiler system is equipped with a rigid step grate with inclined grate surface having finned tubes FLR welded together, which are flowed through by a cooling medium, which involved in the water circulation system of the boiler system is.
  • Air gaps for supply of combustion air are provided in the area of the welded fin pipes FLR and the rigid step grille FLS is also rigidly connected to the boiler plant KMW.
  • movable transport rams ST are provided in the stages RST of the step grate FLS.
  • the transport tappets are expediently provided at intervals of one or two fin tubes FLR in the troughs of the fin tubes FLR. Also, a distance of three or more fin tubes is possible.
  • the transport ram ST an inner air duct LK with an inclined downwards against the surface of the step grate FLS (angle ⁇ ), in particular extended, nozzle opening PD. It is also possible, in addition to the inner air duct LK, to provide at least one outer air duct for combustion air at the transport tappets.
  • the transport tappets which slide substantially on the fins of the fin tubes FLR, while moving or process in the troughs formed between the welded fin tubes FLR keep there provided air nozzles RD of fuel material, ash or slag approaches free.
  • These air nozzles RD which are provided in the troughs of the welded fin tubes FLR, are preferably designed as upwardly tapering nozzles.
  • air supply rectangular or prismatic air nozzles RD are provided in the stages of the step grate FLS or in the falls of the stage RD in the tappet-free troughs and in particular milled.
  • the supply of combustion air on the slightly inclined, substantially horizontal surfaces of the grate steps can therefore be realized either by or along the transport plunger on the one hand and provided in the falls air nozzles RD on the other hand, whereby the supply via these two alternatives can be done together.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a section with a perspective view of a step grille FLS, which has four grate stages RST in the example.
  • This rigidly formed step grille FLS is airtight connected in the left area, for example via comb plates WA with a vertically rising boiler wall KMW.
  • the step grille FLS itself is made of fin tubes FLR, which are welded together and in the region of the weld SN have upwardly widening air nozzles LD for supplying combustion air.
  • the overall forward sloping, inclined step grate FLS has plate-like transport plunger ST, which are on the respective grate levels in the troughs formed between two fin tubes FLR and retractable.
  • an air channel LK is indicated in the transport tappet ST, via which combustion air can be injected under the fuel material (not shown).
  • nozzle openings RD which are present in each plunger-free wave trough the fin tubes FLR.
  • the nozzle openings RD in the transport tappets ST may have rectangular or prismatic openings for the exit of the combustion air.
  • the thus constructed and normally flowed through by boiling water and cooled step grille FLS therefore has a substantially stepped staircase grate surface, which consists of finned tubes FLR welded together.
  • the dimensions of the grating stages RST in terms of length (RSL) and height (RSH) and the inclination angles ⁇ for the grate surface and ⁇ for the total inclination of the step grate FLS are determined depending on the fuel material properties and the fuel consistency.
  • the airtight, rigid connection of the step grate FLS, for example via comb plates WA with the boiler walls can be screwed or welded, so that no longitudinal or transverse strains are taken into account by means of complex constructions. Longitudinal and transverse expansion compensators are therefore omitted in the inventive step grille FLS in whole.
  • Fig. 2 is the division and interpretation of a step grate according to the invention, as it extracts in Fig.
  • the step grille FLS shows in the example Fig. 2 twelve individual grate stages RST of respective length RSL and a height of the respective grate stage of RSH.
  • the example after Fig. 2 shows the step grate divided into four grate zones RZ with a total length RL and a grid height RH.
  • the stepped grid shown is arranged from the feed side (top right) or the task platform AP of the fuel material to the discharge zone (bottom left) with an inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the slightly inclined surfaces of the individual grate stages RST are arranged at an angle ⁇ to the overall inclination of the step grate.
  • the vertically downwardly projecting surface forms a negative camber with an angle ⁇ .
  • grate FLS dividing walls TW are provided between the individual grate zones RZ, which have downwardly projecting cone-shaped ash funnel RS with subsequent ash outlets A.
  • air supply lines LZ are shown, can be injected via the combustion air in the region of the welds SN between the fin tubes FLR under the fuel to be burned material via air nozzles LD.
  • the fin tubes FLR forming the stepped grate FLS are preferably cooled by boiling water, wherein a riser collector S is provided in the upper region of the example and a downcomer V is provided in the lower region, each of which is integrated into the circulating water systems present in a boiler system, in particular a steam boiler system are.
  • the ash funnel RS with its ash outlets A are also each airtight bolted to the step grid FLS or welded, so that the air supply can be done without leakage from below into the corresponding grate zones RZ.
  • the essentially vertical section through part of the surface of the step grate Fig. 3A shows four at its fins FL welded together fin tube FLR.
  • the fin tubes themselves have a round contour with a diameter D and, after welding, a pipe spacing of about RT, in the middle of which, for example, the weld SN extends in the wave trough formed between two fin pipes.
  • a transport ram ST is fragmentary in the left area of the Fig. 3A drawn and is approximately slidably in the lower part of the corresponding wave trough on the grate surface formed in this way.
  • the individual stages are preferably on the line of the respective weld conical, upwardly tapered air nozzles LD provided for the supply of combustion air from below against the fuel material.
  • Fig. 3B is simplified a frontal view of a portion of the camber or the stair-like portion of a step of the step grate FLS shown in simplified.
  • the four side-by-side fin tubes FLR are over Welds SN connected together.
  • Above the round tubes of the fin tubes FLR fuel material BM is shown schematically and fragmented, with a kind of air channels PL are formed in the troughs of the finned tubes FLR welded together.
  • a transport plunger ST shown with front side, narrow rectangular area, which has a prismatic nozzle opening PD for blowing combustion air.
  • the following to the right, transport tappet-free wave trough region has a further prismatic nozzle opening RD for the supply of combustion air.
  • the fin tubes FLR welded to the tube fins FL therefore form a corrugated surface on which the fuel material BM has no surface support on the surface of the step grate FLS, but essentially only point and / or line contact.
  • Rectangular or prismatic air nozzles RD are preferably introduced or milled in at the falls of the steps of the step grate in order to be able to introduce combustion air into the air ducts PL formed between the fin pipes FLR.
  • Fig. 4 schematically a section of a step grille FLS is shown in a vertical section.
  • the transport tappets ST shown are coupled to a respective drive STA which effects the advancement and retraction of the transport tappets on the corresponding stages of the step grate FLS.
  • FIG. 5 left is in a comparable way as in Fig. 3B a section of the step grate FLS shown in the area of a fall.
  • a transport tappet ST with a rectangular vertical end face and a width B approximately in the middle trough with the width of the wave trough is shown.
  • This transport ram ST has at the bottom of a nozzle opening PD, which in conjunction with the in the right-hand illustration of Fig. 5 shown air duct LK is.
  • Stationary, in particular prismatic, nozzle openings for the supply of combustion air are provided in the two outer wave troughs SN in the region of the welds SN.
  • the fragmentary representation on the right is a sectional representation corresponding to the line SS of the left representation.
  • the air duct LK provided in the transport tappet is inclined downwards at an angle ⁇ in order to allow the supply of combustion air largely below the delivered fuel material.
  • the height H of the transport ram ST and its width B are determined as a function of the consistency of the fuel material, the fuel calorific value and the surface load in MW / m 2 of the step grate FLS.
  • the invention described above shows an integrated in a circulating steam boiler water / steam side welded stepped grate fin tubes without moving grate bars, with step heights which act as Abbruch- or overturning edges for the fuel material and the fuel bed loosening, the transport of the fuel material by means of transport plungers a lattice-like system can be controlled burn-specific.
  • the air supply takes place directly through air channels PL, which are formed by the fin tubes and through conical nozzles in the welded pipe fins.
  • the temperature of the boiling water-cooled surface of the step grate is approximately between 180 ° C and 320 ° C, that is well above the dew points of the firing gases and well below the melting point of the eutectic chlorides and sulfates, which originate from the corrosive constituents of the fuel material.
  • the heat for the cooling of the step grate is integrated without external heat exchangers, circulating pumps, etc., largely loss-free in the boiler system.
  • the invention therefore overcomes the disadvantages of the classic feed and Schürroste with cast grate bars.
  • the travel times and the availability of boilers fueled by step grates are extended and possible repairs are considerably simplified, with an increase in plant efficiency of between 2% and 3% being likely to be achieved.
  • the concept according to the invention therefore, the combustion of waste and biomass is achieved on a rigid step grate without movable, for example vibrating grate surface and without the fuel material or the fuel bed-promoting grate bars, the stepped surface of the step grate consists of finned tubes welded together and no mobile grate stages available are.
  • the heights RSH of the individual steps of the step grate amount to at least 200 mm and a maximum of 400 mm, with a negative angle ⁇ of 10 ⁇ 5 ° provided on the vertical lintel of a step, in order to achieve a loosening or breaking edge for the fuel material. It is also provided to carry out the supply of combustion air under the fuel bed of prismatic or round air nozzles, which are located directly above the pipe fins between the boiling water cooled fin pipes, and also air nozzles formed in the middle and end of the grate surfaces as conical holes in the pipe fins are to be provided.
  • the transport ram ST are preferably dimensioned with a height H of about 0.4 to 0.8 of the grate height RSH and with a width B from the width of a fin of a fin tube to the width of a wave between two welded fin tubes, so that a good displacement of the Transport tappet is guaranteed on the fins.
  • the transport tappets ST are advantageously equipped with an internal round or prismatic air duct, which allows the combustion air to be injected under the layer of the fuel material at an angle of inclination ⁇ of approximately 15 to 35 °.
  • the air outlet nozzles RD expediently have an upstream prismatic or round air duct of the length of four times the hydraulic diameter of the air outlet nozzle and at the inlet of the air duct a throttle with a pressure difference of about 3-4 mbar.
  • the thus designed length of the air duct has the advantage that the direction of the air jet is stabilized and the air jet at the air outlet nozzle does not burst.
  • the provided at the inlet of the air duct throttle with said pressure difference ensures this in an appropriate manner the best possible and optimal air distribution to all air nozzles.
  • the form tapering upwards in the case of the air nozzles LD aims, however, at causing the air jet to burst at the outlet from the air nozzle, thereby achieving a better air distribution, in particular in the end region of the grate steps.
  • the invention therefore provides a method and a device with which or the disadvantages of known feed and Schürrosten can be overcome in a relatively simple but highly efficient manner.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for use in steam boiler systems in a thermal power range of about 10-160 MW.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour la combustion d'un combustible provenant de déchets et/ou de biomasse sur une grille d'installation de chaudière rigide,
    dans lequel le combustible (BM) est amené à une surface de grille, inclinée, traversée par un agent de refroidissement, de la grille d'installation de chaudière (FLS),
    dans lequel un transport actif, aérant du combustible (BM) est effectué sur la grille d'installation de chaudière,
    dans lequel la grille d'installation de chaudière peut être reliée de manière rigide à une installation de chaudière (KMW),
    dans lequel l'agent de refroidissement peut être intégré dans un système de circulation d'eau présent d'une installation de chaudière, et
    dans lequel l'amenée de l'air de combustion est effectuée via plusieurs trajets d'air,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la grille d'installation de chaudière est réalisée en tant que grille à gradins (FLS) avec plusieurs gradins (RST),
    en ce que le combustible (BM) est guidé à travers plusieurs zones de grille (RZ) via des arêtes abruptes (AK) au niveau de gradins (RST) de la grille à gradins (FLS), en ce que le transport actif, aérant du combustible (BM) est effectué sur chaque gradin (RST) de la grille à gradins rigide,
    en ce que les gradins (RST) de la grille à gradins (FLS) sont conçus avec un angle d'inclinaison positif (β) par rapport à l'inclinaison totale (γ) de la grille à gradins (FLS),
    en ce que l'amenée de l'air de combustion est effectuée via différents trajets d'air,
    en ce que l'amenée de l'air de combustion est effectuée essentiellement via des canaux d'air internes (LK) dans des poussoirs prévus dans le transport du combustible (BM),
    les canaux d'air internes (LK) présentant des ouvertures de buse, qui sont inclinées (δ) vers le bas contre la surface de la grille à gradins (FLS).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'amenée de l'air de combustion est effectuée essentiellement via des canaux d'air (PL) dans les creux d'une vague de tubes à ailettes soudés les uns aux autres sous le combustible (BM) dans la zone et le long de la surface de grille de la grille à gradins (FLS) et à peu près verticalement du bas via des buses d'air (LD) introduites dans la surface de grille.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé
    en ce que les gradins de la grille à gradins (FLS) sont conçus en fonction de la consistance du combustible et de la teneur en cendres du combustible avec un angle d'inclinaison positif (β) d'au moins 3° à maximum 10°.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'amenée d'air de combustion est effectuée via des buses d'air coniques (LD), lesquelles sont prévues en particulier dans la partie médiane et d'extrémité des gradins (RST) inclinés (β) de la grille à gradins (FLS).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le combustible (BM) est transporté au moyen d'une grille de transport aérante présentant des poussoirs avec surface avant verticale via les zones de grille (RZ) et les gradins (RST) de la grille à gradins (FLS).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé
    en ce que de l'eau bouillante d'une installation de chaudière, en particulier dans une plage de température d'au moins 180 °C à maximum 320 °C avec des pressions d'eau bouillante entre 10 bar et 120 bar est utilisée en tant qu'agent de refroidissement de la surface de grille traversée de la grille à gradins (FLS).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'eau bouillante peut être intégrée en tant qu'agent de refroidissement de la surface de grille de la grille à gradins (FLS) via un distributeur (V) et un collecteur (S) côté tube descendant et tube montant directement dans un système de circulation d'eau d'une installation de chaudière.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé
    en ce que par le transport actif du combustible (BM), les buses d'air (LD) introduites dans la surface de grille sont maintenues libres pour l'amenée d'air.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la chaleur de refroidissement de la grille à gradins (FLS) peut être injectée largement sans perte dans l'économie thermique d'une installation de chaudière, en particulier dans la génération de vapeur.
  10. Dispositif pour une installation de chaudière pour la combustion de combustible provenant de déchets et/ou de biomasse,
    avec une grille d'installation de chaudière rigide à surface de grille inclinée, laquelle est traversée par un agent de refroidissement,
    qui peut être intégré dans un système de circulation d'eau de l'installation de chaudière,
    dans lequel la grille d'installation de chaudière (FLS) peut être reliée de manière rigide à l'installation de chaudière (KMW),
    dans lequel des poussoirs de transport (ST) déplaçables dans la grille d'installation de chaudière (FLS) sont prévus pour le transport actif du combustible (BM), et des fentes d'air sont présentes pour l'air de combustion,
    en particulier pour la réalisation du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la grille d'installation de chaudière rigide (FLS) est réalisée en tant que grille à gradins (FLS) avec gradins (RST),
    en ce que la surface de grille de la grille à gradins (FLS) rigide est réalisée en forme d'escalier et présente des tubes à ailettes (FLR) soudés les uns aux autres qui sont traversés par l'agent de refroidissement,
    en ce que les tubes à ailettes (FLR) soudés présentent des fentes d'air (RD, LD) pour l'air de combustion,
    en ce que les poussoirs de transport (ST) sont réalisés en tant que poussoirs verticaux et sont prévus dans les gradins (RST) de la grille à gradins (FLS) en tant que poussoirs de transport (ST) déplaçables pour le transport actif du combustible (BM) sur les gradins (RST),
    en ce qu'au niveau du passage des gradins (RST) à un prochain gradin de la grille à gradins (FLS), des arêtes abruptes (AK) sont formées pour l'aération du combustible (BM),
    en ce que les poussoirs de transport (ST) sont prévus à des distances d'un ou deux tubes à ailettes (FLR) dans les creux d'une vague des tubes à ailettes (FLR), et en ce que les poussoirs de transport (ST) présentent un canal d'air interne (LK) pour l'amenée d'air de combustion avec une ouverture de buse (PD), en particulier élargie, inclinée (δ) vers le bas contre la surface de la grille à gradins (FLS).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé
    en ce que les poussoirs de transport (ST) ont au moins un canal d'air extérieur pour l'air de combustion.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11,
    caractérisé
    en ce que les poussoirs de transport (ST) lors du déplacement dans les creux d'une vague formées entre les tubes à ailettes (FLR) soudés s'appuient essentiellement sur les ailettes des tubes à ailettes (FLR).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12,
    caractérisé
    en ce que les fentes d'air prévues dans les creux d'une vague des tubes à ailettes (FLR) soudés sont réalisées en tant que buses d'air (LD) s'effilant vers le haut.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13,
    caractérisé
    en ce que les arêtes abruptes (AK) de la grille à gradins (FLS) sont réalisées pour renforcer leur effet avec une chute négative avec un angle (α), en particulier dans la plage de α = 10° ± 5°.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14,
    caractérisé
    en ce que des buses d'air (RD) rectangulaires ou prismatiques sont prévues, en particulier fraisées, pour l'amenée d'air de combustion dans les gradins de la grille à gradins (FLS) dans les creux d'une vague sans poussoir.
EP15726011.8A 2014-06-16 2015-05-08 Procédé et appareil pour combustion d'un combustible provenant de déchets ou de biomasse Not-in-force EP3155321B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014008858.8A DE102014008858A1 (de) 2014-06-16 2014-06-16 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Biomassen auf einem Flossenwand-Stufenrost sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
PCT/EP2015/060219 WO2015193029A1 (fr) 2014-06-16 2015-05-08 Procédé et dispositif de combustion de matériaux combustibles composés de déchets ou de biomasse

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EP3155321A1 EP3155321A1 (fr) 2017-04-19
EP3155321B1 true EP3155321B1 (fr) 2018-12-19

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DE102017007929A1 (de) * 2017-08-22 2019-02-28 Joachim Kümmel Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Verbrennungsqualität auf einem Stufenrost für die Brennstoffe Abfall, Biomasse und hochcalorige Zusatzbrennstoffe
CN108930964B (zh) * 2018-06-06 2019-11-15 上海古蓝环境工程有限公司 一种垃圾热解气化炉旋转炉排装置

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DE102014008858A1 (de) 2015-12-17
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