EP3153636B1 - Präziser mauerblock - Google Patents
Präziser mauerblock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3153636B1 EP3153636B1 EP16001930.3A EP16001930A EP3153636B1 EP 3153636 B1 EP3153636 B1 EP 3153636B1 EP 16001930 A EP16001930 A EP 16001930A EP 3153636 B1 EP3153636 B1 EP 3153636B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blocks
- block
- facing
- calibration layer
- walling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011509 cement plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011508 lime plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
Definitions
- the invention relates to construction of precision ceramic walling blocks.
- Patent application FR 2 512 090 A discloses a prefabricated concrete walling block, which width is exactly half its length. Block does need a finishing coat and has grooves, preventing leakage of water.
- Patent application FR 1 322 205 A discloses prefabrication of composite blocks which has one facing surface provided by natural stone and other sides of the block are casted from concrete in a mold.
- Ceramic walling blocks compared to other constructional walling units, have a certain disadvantage in that it is very difficult to maintain completely accurate measurements within small tolerances in the finished product.
- shrinkage of the material occurs, which is not the same for all batches of products. This results in individual batches of blocks dimensionally differing from each other.
- the dimensional differences between the individual blocks is compensated for by a thicker layer of mortar on the loading face and of the plaster on the outer facing, which leads to a more expensive and more difficult process of walling and plastering.
- a similar problem occurs with concrete blocks, where the dimensional tolerances are limited by the clearance in the forms, differences in material composition, and inaccuracies in the manufacturing process. Demands for maximum accuracy in the dimensions, however, concern all walling blocks including, for example, foam silicate, calcium silicate, and others.
- the other areas of the block i.e. the contact surface and facing surface, may exhibit dimensional deviations of up to 1 cm according to the standard, which is problematic especially on the facing surfaces.
- the facing surfaces are understood as the surfaces that are oriented towards the façade and inside the room. When plastering these surfaces, a thick layer of mortar is needed again to compensate for these inaccuracies.
- Patent CZ 304563 solves this problem by producing accurate ceramic walling blocks which, in addition to the loading areas, also have machined facing surfaces and which are provided with grooves for better adhesion of the mortar.
- the grinding, respectively the machining, of the facing surfaces occurs after drying in the kiln.
- plastering must be done using a relatively thin layer of 5 mm of plaster, usually a single layer.
- the disadvantage of the solution according to document CZ 304563 consists in that machining blocks is expensive and is demanding regarding energy and equipment. The high costs of machining multiple surfaces on one block subsequently increase the selling price of the product and reduce its competitiveness. Equipment for grinding the blocks is also described in document EP 0849036B1 .
- Patent document EP 0708210A1 describes a block fitted with insulation, an insulating layer, or an insulating plate which is connected to the brick. This is a thermally insulating foamed clay material which is mounted in prismatic lines on the facing side of the block. The front side of the insulating layer is ground to meet the requirements for the dimensional precision of individual blocks.
- Patent CZ 295209 and other documents SU 837958 , RU 2055032 , and SU 742409 describe a general constructional block which can be formed as a ceramic walling block which is fitted with a finishing coating on the facing side.
- the finishing coating is decorative in nature and comprises a mixture of cement and sand in various fractions.
- the thickness of the finishing coating is 3 to 50 mm, and the coating can be attached using anchor lugs.
- the decorative coating is applied to the walling block in a form where the finishing coating is mixed in a liquid or plastic state.
- the facing side of the walling block is inserted into the mold, soaked in the coating, and after curing, the walling block is removed from the mold along with the solidified decorative coating on the facing surface.
- This design is suitable particularly for walling blocks made of concrete, foam concrete, silicate aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, or heat insulating material, and for decorative coatings based on concrete. It is not suitable for ceramic walling blocks for which the production line is adapted for the conveyor transfer of blocks, not for rotation thereof, soaking in the mold, and returning to the line, which would slow down the tempo of the production line.
- the method of applying a decorative coating to a block does not change its thickness according to the size of the individual batch of fired blocks. The concrete coating degrades the surface properties of the ceramic blocks.
- the invention aims to remedy the deficiencies of the known solutions described above and to create a design for a precision ceramic walling block which would have calibrated dimensions of its facing surfaces, wherein the method of this calibration should be, as opposed to the machining of the facing surfaces, inexpensive and usable for production lines and would be particularly suitable for line production of precision ceramic walling blocks for the calibration of different batches.
- the thickness of the calibration layer is dependent on the difference between the individual blocks and preferably ranges from 0.1 mm to 25 mm.
- materials based on silicate are used, which process well, and have a relatively rapid hardenability and sufficient resulting mechanical characteristics. This may be a lime-cement, gypsum, or lime-gypsum, and a fine lime plaster with a grain size up to 2 mm can be preferably used.
- the facing surface of the blocks can be calibrated on only one side, but the finishing layer is preferably applied to both facing surfaces, so that the block is dimensionally unified on both the facade and the room side.
- the calibration layer preferably has chamfered edges along the circumference of the facing surface.
- the advantages of the design according to the present invention consist mainly in the cheap and easy dimensional calibration of facing surfaces of precision ceramic walling blocks and in the easy change in thickness of the calibration layer for different batches of blocks.
- the design is suitable for inclusion in production lines for ceramic blocks.
- the technology of the calibration in contrast to known methods, is inexpensive and can be applied to row production.
- the surface After construction of a wall from the thus treated blocks, the surface may be plastered e.g. only by a thin layer of a suitable plaster.
- the invention is especially implemented for any ceramic walling blocks.
- Fig. 1 shows a row of precision ceramic walling blocks 1 known from the prior art.
- the loading surfaces 2 , 2 ' are precisely machined by grinding or machining, the contact surfaces 3 , 3' are facing each other, the outer facing surfaces 4, 4' of the middle blocks 1, compared to the two end blocks 1, have a longitudinal difference s which may be up to 10 mm.
- Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate a block 1 calibrated according to the invention which completely eliminates this disadvantage.
- the block 1 On both facing surfaces 4, 4' the block 1 is provided with a calibration layer 5 made of lime cement plaster with a grain size of 1 mm.
- the calibration layer 5 in other examples of the embodiment, may be formed of another suitable material 9 on a silicate base, such as e.g. gypsum or lime gypsum plaster. In some cases, it is sufficient if the calibration layer 5 is applied only on one facing surface 4 of the block 1 .
- the value L ji for each block 1 is different and represents the distance between its central plane R of symmetry lying in the center between the facing surfaces 4, 4' and the facing surface 4, 4' of the blocks 1 before the application of the calibration layer 5.
- the value L v represents the final desired calibrated distance of the surface of the calibration layer 5 from this central plane R of symmetry.
- the value L v lies within a tolerance of ⁇ 1 mm, so no dimensional deviation occurs over max.
- the thickness ⁇ t i of the calibration layer 5 for the individual blocks 1 varies according to the nominal dimensions of each block 1, as shown in Fig. 7 . This may vary from 0.1 mm to 25 mm. Depending on the method of application and the type of material 9 of the calibration layer 5 , the calibration layer 5 may have chamfered edges around the circumference of the facing surfaces 4, 4' before curing to prevent the formation of protrusions or burrs, which would in turn disrupt the flatness of the surface of the wall assembled of blocks 1.
- the application of the material 9 forming the calibration layer 5 on the facing wall 4, 4' of the blocks 1 can take place in various ways.
- the material 9 can be applied e.g. manually using appropriate tools and templates and standards that ensure the achievement of the desired final calibrated distance L v .
- a calibration apparatus which may have many forms and embodiments, depending on the choice of material 9 and the method of coating on the facing surface 4, 4' , which may be carried out e.g. by spraying, dipping, wiping, sticking, coating, plating, and the like.
- the apparatus shown in Figs. 4 to 6 is only one of the possible variants of the apparatus suitable for industrial application.
- the apparatus consists of a frame 16 and a chain conveyor 6 on which the blocks 1 are laid abutting each other, the contact surfaces 3, 3' towards each other, and the facing surfaces 4, 4' parallel to the direction of movement.
- the blocks 1 must be centered on the center of the conveyor 6.
- guide rails 12 are used or possibly a pressure belt (not shown) resting on the upper loading surface 2 of the blocks 1 and pressing the row of blocks 1 to the conveyor 6 in a fixed position.
- another suitable conveyor 6 may be used, e.g. a belt conveyor which secures the centered position of the blocks 1.
- the stands 15 are provided with a means for adjustment 11 for adjusting both vertically and horizontally i.e. in the direction away from or towards the conveyor 6.
- the cartridge 7 contains a lime-cement plaster or another suitable material 9, in a plastic or wet state.
- the cartridge 7 may be connected by a tube (not shown) to the apparatus for the preparation of the material 9.
- the cartridge 7 is welded from a steel plate, as is the applicator means 8 which forms a continuous wedge-shaped bottom part of the cartridge 7, which is open in the direction towards the blocks and forms a tetragonal application opening 10.
- the material 9, through gravitational force, is pushed from the reservoir 7 to the application opening 10 and is discharged onto the facing wall 4, 4' of the blocks 1 passing the application opening 10 along the conveyor 6.
- the application opening 10 is surrounded by flanges 14 on its top and bottom edges.
- the vertical edge of the application opening 10 in the direction of the movement of the blocks 1 is fitted with a metal or rubber squeegee 13 which smooths and levels the surface of the material 9 forming the calibration layer 5.
- the appropriate distance of the application opening 10 can be set to create the necessary thickness ⁇ t i of the calibration layer 5 and achieve the final desired calibrated distance L v , thus providing a sufficient dimensional unification of the blocks 1.
- the blocks 1 with the applied calibration layer 5 are separated from the row and cleaned, respectively the edges of the facing surfaces 4, 4' are knocked off so as to prevent unevenness from the material 9 that would prevent the placement of the blocks 1 from abutting each other while building a wall and which would worsen the flatness of the wall.
- the blocks 1 are stored in an intermediate storage to await curing of the calibration layer 5 to be finally stored on a shipping pallet.
- the invention is usable in construction and in the production of construction materials, particularly of precision ceramic walling blocks.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Claims (5)
- Präziser Mauerwerkformziegel (1) mit zwei gegenüberliegenden Ladeflächen (2, 2'), die mit einer Toleranz von ± 1,0 mm präzise auf Ebenheit bearbeitet sind, zwei gegenüberliegenden Kontaktflächen (3,3') und zwei gegenüberliegenden Frontflächen (4, 4'), von denen mindestens eine Frontfläche (4, 4') mit einer Endbeschichtung versehen ist, die auf die Oberfläche des Formziegels (1) aufgetragen ist, wobei die Endbeschichtung als Kalibrierschicht (5) aus einem gehärteten Material (9) auf Silikatbasis ausgebildet ist, deren Dicke (Δti) an jedem Punkt der Oberfläche der Kalibrierschicht (5) folgenden Wert hatLji ist der nominale Abstand zwischen mittlerer Symmetrieebene (R) des Formziegels (1), die sich in der Mitte zwischen den Frontflächen (4,4') befindet, und der Oberfläche der Frontfläche (4,4') des Formziegels (1) vor der Beschichtung mit der Kalibrierschicht (5)Lv ist die gewünschte resultierende kalibrierte Entfernung der Oberfläche der Kalibrierschicht (5) auf der zugehörigen Frontfläche (4, 4') von mittlerer Symmetrieebene (R) des Formziegels (1), die in der Mitte zwischen den Frontflächen (4, 4') liegt,wobei der Wert von Lv innerhalb einer Toleranz von ± 1 mm liegt.
- Präzisionsformziegel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke (Δti) der Kalibrierschicht (5) im Bereich von 0,1 mm bis 25 mm liegt.
- Präzisionsformziegel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kalibrierschicht (5) aus Kalkzementputz oder Gipsputz oder Kalkgipsputz besteht.
- Präzisionsformziegel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kalibrierschicht (5) auf beiden Frontflächen (4, 4') aufgetragen ist.
- Präzisionsformziegel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kalibrierschicht (5) um den Umfang der Frontfläche (4, 4') abgeschrägte Kanten hat.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL16001930T PL3153636T3 (pl) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-09-02 | Precyzyjny pustak ścienny |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CZ2015-599A CZ2015599A3 (cs) | 2015-09-02 | 2015-09-02 | Přesná zdicí tvarovka, způsob a zařízení pro její rozměrovou kalibraci a stěna z těchto tvarovek |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3153636A2 EP3153636A2 (de) | 2017-04-12 |
EP3153636A3 EP3153636A3 (de) | 2017-09-13 |
EP3153636B1 true EP3153636B1 (de) | 2021-01-13 |
Family
ID=56997287
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16001930.3A Active EP3153636B1 (de) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-09-02 | Präziser mauerblock |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3153636B1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ2015599A3 (de) |
HU (1) | HUE053581T2 (de) |
PL (1) | PL3153636T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114575607A (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-03 | 中海外交通建设有限公司 | 一种用于房建砌墙的辅助设备 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2103094A1 (de) * | 1971-01-23 | 1972-07-27 | Hoyer, Ernst, 8481 Ullersricht | Rasterverbundstein mit Wärmedämmschicht |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1322205A (fr) * | 1962-02-09 | 1963-03-29 | Procédé de préfabrication de blocs composites et blocs obtenus selon ce procédé | |
SU742409A1 (ru) * | 1977-05-19 | 1980-06-25 | Научно-Исследовательский Институт Строительных Конструкций Госстроя Ссср | Способ отделки строительных изделий |
SU837958A1 (ru) | 1978-12-04 | 1981-06-15 | Minyajlo Andrej | Полимерминеральна смесь |
FR2512090B1 (fr) * | 1981-08-25 | 1986-05-02 | Damiani Freres Ets | Nouveau bloc prefabrique pour la construction |
SU1715610A1 (ru) * | 1988-12-13 | 1992-02-28 | Кишиневский Сельскохозяйственный Институт Им.М.В.Фрунзе | Установка дл изготовлени составных блоков |
US5715635A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1998-02-10 | Sherwood; Don T. | Building block unit and method of manufacturing same |
RU2055032C1 (ru) | 1993-04-28 | 1996-02-27 | Дмитрий Евгеньевич Румянцев | Способ изготовления строительного отделочного покрытия |
PL177235B1 (pl) * | 1994-10-22 | 1999-10-29 | Volker Schmidt | Element budowlany i sposób jego wytwarzania |
DE29521117U1 (de) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-10-17 | Rimmele, Raimund, 89584 Ehingen | Hochloch-Leichtziegel für den Mauerwerksbau |
CZ405897A3 (cs) | 1996-12-19 | 1999-11-17 | Keller Gmbh | Stroj pro boční zarovnávání cihlářských a ohnivzdorných výrobků, lišících se kalibrovaným rozměrem |
PL335681A1 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2000-05-08 | Ivan Vasilievich Sitnikov | Set of aluminium shapes with a thermal bridge gap for making window frames and doors |
DE19733484A1 (de) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-02-04 | Tubag Trass Zement Stein | Stein zur Herstellung einer Mauer und Mauer bestehend aus mindestens zwei Steinen |
CN2531004Y (zh) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-01-15 | 周南湘 | 一种系列外墙保温装饰砌块砖 |
MD274Z (ro) * | 2010-04-15 | 2011-04-30 | Технический университет Молдовы | Instalaţie pentru fabricarea blocurilor compuse de gabarite mari pentru pereţi |
CZ304563B6 (cs) | 2012-10-16 | 2014-07-09 | Wienerberger cihlářský průmysl, a.s. | Zdicí prvek |
-
2015
- 2015-09-02 CZ CZ2015-599A patent/CZ2015599A3/cs unknown
-
2016
- 2016-09-02 PL PL16001930T patent/PL3153636T3/pl unknown
- 2016-09-02 HU HUE16001930A patent/HUE053581T2/hu unknown
- 2016-09-02 EP EP16001930.3A patent/EP3153636B1/de active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2103094A1 (de) * | 1971-01-23 | 1972-07-27 | Hoyer, Ernst, 8481 Ullersricht | Rasterverbundstein mit Wärmedämmschicht |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114575607A (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-03 | 中海外交通建设有限公司 | 一种用于房建砌墙的辅助设备 |
CN114575607B (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2024-05-14 | 中海外交通建设有限公司 | 一种用于房建砌墙的辅助设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL3153636T3 (pl) | 2021-06-28 |
CZ306255B6 (cs) | 2016-11-02 |
HUE053581T2 (hu) | 2021-07-28 |
EP3153636A2 (de) | 2017-04-12 |
EP3153636A3 (de) | 2017-09-13 |
CZ2015599A3 (cs) | 2016-11-02 |
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