EP3144260B1 - Construction machine and method for the up and down movement of a stroke element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a construction machine with a mast and a lifting element, which can be moved up and down along the mast with a hoist rope, which can be actuated by means of two cable winches, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for moving a lifting element up and down in a construction machine, in which a hoisting rope is operated by means of two winches, according to the preamble of claim 11.

For moving up and down a tool or a load with a construction machine, a winch with a hoist rope and a lifting element can be provided thereon. The hoisting rope is connected at one end to the winch and can be wound up and unwound therefrom. On the lifting element up and down to moving tool or load is arranged. In particular, for moving up and down heavy tools, such as a hydraulic gripper to create a slot wall, or other large loads, the ends of the hoisting rope are each connected to a winch. The two winch drives of the winches are operated synchronously. For moving the tool or the load up and down, moreover, approximately the same torques are to be provided on both cable winches by the winch drives.

An advantage of such a method of moving a tool or a load up and down is that not all the weight of the tool or the load has to be moved by a single winch. Rather, the weight of the two attached to the construction machine or its mast winches can be moved together.

Construction machines with two winches for moving a tool or a load up and down allow safe working, especially with heavy tools or loads. Such construction machines may, for example, be a diaphragm wall grab which has a mast, a carrier unit and a mobile undercarriage.

However, for moving the tool or the load up and down, the two winches of such a construction machine must be operated synchronously, ie with the same winding and unwinding speed for raising and lowering the tool or the load. In this case, the unwinding of the hoisting rope from both winches or the lowering of the tool or the load by a non-positive release of the hoisting rope from the winches in a controlled, but time-consuming manner.

From the US 4,398,698 is a crane with a free-fall winch and an auxiliary winch known. On the freefall winch, a first rope is wound as a hoist rope with a hook. On the auxiliary winch, a second rope is wound, which also has a hook at its free end. Both ropes are guided from the winches via a telescopic crane jib.

Also in the WO 2006/013053 is a crane with two winches described. A hoist rope is wound on each of these winches. The two hoist ropes are each connected to a hook at their respective free ends by means of a false-pull system.

The invention has for its object to provide a construction machine and a method for operating a hoisting rope, with the safe up and down movement of a lifting element can be performed very efficiently.

The object is achieved according to the invention on the one hand by a construction machine with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand with a method having the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The construction machine according to the invention comprises a mast and a lifting element, which along the mast with a hoist rope is moved up and down, and which has a first winch and a second winch, wherein at least the first winch is designed as a freefall winch and the second winch frictionally is operable and wherein the first and second winch each having a winch drum. A first end of the hoist rope is connected to the winch drum of the first winch and a second end of the hoist rope is connected to the winch drum of the second hoist winch, wherein the hoist rope is simultaneously actuated by the two winches. The simultaneously operated by means of two winches hoist rope is freely lowered at the first winch. Further, a controller is provided, with which the first winch, which is designed as a freefall winch, for lowering the simultaneously operable by the two hoist hoist rope in a free fall mode is switched, while the second winch is operated non-positively. For the purposes of the invention, a winch can be understood as a free-fall winch, which can freely release or unroll a hoist rope. The freewheeling release or unwinding can be determined by the gravitational force of a Tool or a load can be generated, which can be connected to the hoisting rope via a lifting element.

Furthermore, for the purposes of the invention, a free-fall mode can be understood as a mode in which a hoisting rope is not substantially braked during a free-running lowering operation or operated non-positively in any other way.

A basic idea of the invention is that for lowering the hoist rope the two winches are asynchronous, that is, with different unwinding speeds, operable to allow the lowering of the hoisting rope with a lifting element, tool and / or a load with free fall speed. By operating a first winch when lowering as a freefall winch a quick and efficient lowering is achieved. The second winch can be designed as a force-operated winch, which allows a controlled lowering. This is a combined operation of a freefall winch and a hoist winch. In the invention, it has been recognized that such asynchronous operation of two winches enables a hoist rope to be reliably operated when lowered at a high free-fall speed. It is also possible to combine two freefall winches.

For the purposes of the invention, the free-fall speed can be understood to mean a speed which corresponds almost to the speed of the free-falling mass of the lifting element, the tool and / or the load during lowering.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is that the lifting element is arranged with a rope bottle or a joint unit movable on the hoisting rope. The rope bottle can be guided freely movable on the hoisting rope or the joint unit can be arranged movably on the hoist rope. In particular for connecting a tool or a load with the lifting element, the lifting element can be articulated on the cable bottle or the joint unit. By the articulation of the lifting element on the cable bottle or the joint unit, the tool or the load can be pivotally and / or rotatably mounted about one or more pivot axes to the lifting element. The rope bottle also serves in particular a load balance, that is, the load or the weight of the tool is transmitted evenly to the hoisting rope or the two winches. During an up and down movement of the lifting element or a lowering and re-raising of the hoisting rope can be ensured with the rope bottle that even with an asynchronous operation of the winches, that is at different unwinding and Aufrollgeschwindigkeit of the winds, the lifting a particular tension-free up and Downward movement along the hoisting rope can learn. This also applies when lowering in free fall speed.

Basically, a rope bottle can represent any rope deflection. In essence, the rope bottle can consist of two opposite flanges, between which a profiled roller is arranged on a bearing, over which a hoisting rope can be deflected. The two flanges can be arranged hinged.

For the operation and maintenance of the construction machine, it is advantageous according to a further embodiment variant of the invention that the hoisting rope is formed from at least two ropes coupled or connected to one another. The two cables coupled or connected together may be connected with cable connectors or coupled with cable couplers. In this case, the two winches are connected via the at least two ropes coupled or connected to one another. This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that in the event of damage or signs of wear not the entire hoist rope but only the damaged or worn single rope can be replaced without having to solve both cable connections with the two winches. When connecting individual cables with a cable connector, which has a larger diameter than the cables, the cable connector on the opposite side of the free-fall, that is on the side of the non-positive hoist winch, can be arranged. As a result, the free passage of the hoist rope is not disturbed by the rope bottle when moving up and down the lifting element along the mast. With two or more joints with cable connectors, these can be arranged along the hoisting rope so that the up and down movement of the lifting element is limited accordingly in the free fall mode. This means that a free fall height can be derived by the length of the rope, which is guided in the rope bottle and deflected by this and is located between two cable connectors, accordingly. To monitor the movement of the lifting element between cable connectors also Hubendschalter be provided on the hoist cable, which monitor the position of the lifting element, the rope bottle and / or the joint unit. The stroke limit switches can also serve to trigger an alarm at a critical position of the lifting element.
A further advantageous embodiment variant of the construction machine according to the invention is given by the fact that the free fall winds has a free-fall, with which the free-fall can be opened for free-running lowering of the hoisting rope and the free-running hoist rope is braked by closing the free-fall brake again. When the freefall brake is closed, that is to say, the freefall winch can be operated in a non-positive mode. To lower the hoist rope in free fall, the freefall brake of the free fall winch can be opened. The free fall winch can thus be operated both in a free fall mode and in a non-positive mode or operation. With the freefall brake open, it is in the freefall mode and with the freefall brake closed, in the non-positive mode. In the non-positive mode, the winch can either unwind rope, roll up rope, be hydraulically held or blocked with a holding brake.

The two winches or the two winch drums can basically be arranged at any point on the construction machine. Particularly preferred is an arrangement parallel or transverse to a pivot axis of the mast of the construction machine. The winch drums are also rotatable and axially mounted in the winch and by the freefall brake or holding brake frictionally up and unrolled or blocked.
It may, according to a development of the invention, a particularly expedient operation result in that after lowering the hoisting rope from the starting position to an operating position in the first winch a larger Hubseillänge is handled by the first winch drum than the second winch drum, and that the two Winches when lifting the hoist rope asynchronous operable, wherein when re-raising and the first winch drum, a larger Hubseillänge is wound than on the second winch drum. In the initial position, the cable sections of the hoist rope are preferably evenly distributed to the first and second winch drum. There may be an equal number of windings on each winch drum when the winch drums are provided with the same diameter. If the hoist rope is lowered in a free fall, a larger hoist rope length than that of the second hoist winch, which is non-positively operated in the free fall mode of the first winch, is unwound from the first hoist winch, which is designed as a free fall winch. In addition to such an asynchronous unwinding of the hoisting rope in a free fall can also be provided to handle the hoist of both wind drums in a non-positive operation of both winches with different unwinding speeds, which also different Hubseillängen can be handled when lowering. To restore the same Aufrolllänge the hoisting rope or the same number of windings as in the starting position after a rewinding of the hoisting rope on the two winch drums, the winches can be operated with correspondingly different speeds so that when reaching the starting position, the hoist rope evenly distributed on both wind drums is present.

Basically, an asynchronous operation of the two winches or the two winch drums in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning that the two winches or winch drums open or close the hoisting rope at different speeds. Different speeds may consist of two of the following speeds: free-fall speed, holding speed (zero speed), a first arbitrary speed between the free-fall speed and the holding speed, and a second arbitrary speed between the free-falling speed and the holding speed other than the first arbitrary speed , The free fall speed is determined by the gravity of the lifting element or an attached tool or a load. The speed may in particular be a speed which corresponds approximately to the free-fall speed, but is slightly lower to prevent the presence of a slack rope when lowering the hoist rope. For this purpose, a freefall brake can only be solved so far that a small residual friction when unwinding the hoisting rope can be maintained by the winds.

The invention consists in a further advantageous embodiment in that the hoisting cable can be deflected on at least two deflecting rollers, which are arranged on the mast, and that the at least two deflecting rollers are mounted on at least one force measuring axle. In this case, pulleys are particularly preferably arranged in pairs on the mast head of the mast. By providing a plurality of pulleys on the mast head, in particular of several Umlenkrollenpaaren, the hoisting rope can be brought by the construction machine in a projecting lowered position of the lifting element or the tool or the load. By the storage of the pulleys on force measuring axes, in particular the storage of a Umlenkrollenpaares on a force measuring axis, thereby acting outer and inner forces which act on the pulleys, can be determined and monitored.

For metrological monitoring of the construction machine and executable by her construction work, it is advantageous according to a further embodiment of the invention that the construction machine has sensors with which a position of the lifting element relative to a position of the construction machine can be determined. Such sensors can serve on the one hand to measure the position or position of the lifting element when moving up and down the hoisting rope and thus to monitor. This can be done when a winch is in a free fall mode and the lift member is lowered in a free fall. On the other hand, such sensors can also serve to determine when lowering the lifting element, for example, in a hole in the ground, the lowering position, for example, below the terrain surface. Such sensors may preferably be provided on the winches and determine the lengths of the unwound hoisting rope from both winches and in particular evaluate them in real time.

In this case, according to a development of the invention, a particularly expedient operation result in that the construction machine has speed sensors, with which the speed of at least one of the two winches can be determined. The speed sensor, which can be provided on the two winches allow it also to determine the speed of the lifting element when moving up and down. Furthermore, such speed sensor or absolute encoder can serve to synchronize the winches when lifting the lifting element after lowering it in free fall.
To ensure a high degree of flexibility in the operation of the construction machine, according to a further embodiment variant of the invention, it can be regarded as particularly advantageous that at least the first cable winch can be operated both as a free fall winch and as a non-positive winch. In other words, at least the first winch can be switched in addition to a non-positive operation in a free-fall mode in which a free-fall brake is released.
In principle, the construction machine may be any machine for constructing a building, a preferred embodiment of the invention may be to construct the construction machine as a diaphragm wall grab for excavating drilling material in which a hydraulic gripper is arranged on the lifting element. The hydraulic gripper can be a tool which removes soil material with a removal device in a lower region of the gripper and transports it to the earth's surface. As another tool, for example, a Meisel be provided.
With regard to the method, the aforementioned object is achieved according to the invention in that a first winch and a second winch is used, each having a winch drum, wherein at least the first winch is designed as a freefall winch and the second winch is frictionally operable, characterized characterized in that a first end of the hoisting rope is connected to the winch drum of the first winch and that a second end of the hoisting rope is connected to the winch drum of the second hoist winch that the hoist rope is operated simultaneously with the two winches and that the first winch for lowering the is actuated by the two winches simultaneously operated hoist rope from a controller in a free fall mode, while the second winch is operated non-positively. This ensures that the movement of a lifting element in a construction machine at high speed, in particular with free fall speed, can be done. It is further achieved that even with a lowering of the hoist rope in free fall speed the hoist rope can remain connected non-positively with a second winch simultaneously.

An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is that a freefall brake, which at the at least one first winch is arranged, for free-running lowering of the hoist rope and the lifting element, which is movably arranged on the hoist rope with a rope bottle, wherein the at least one first winch is released during free-running lowering of the hoist rope of the free-fall brake. When the hoisting cable and the lifting element are freewheeling, monitoring sensors can monitor free-fall-critical machine status values for actuating the free-fall brake. Such monitoring sensors may in particular be sensors which serve to determine speeds of machine components, or forces and / or loads which act on these machine components. Machine status values provided by the monitoring sensors may be used to help a machine operator determine whether a free fall mode is feasible, that is, whether the free fall brake can be operated.

A further embodiment of the method is considered to be advantageous according to the invention, when the two winches are synchronized at a re-raising of the hoist rope and the lifting element, which is arranged on the hoist rope, after the free-running lowering of the hoist rope in a starting position of the winches before lowering and that the two cable winches are operated independently of each other when lowering and / or re-lifting the hoisting rope. By synchronizing the cable winches can be understood that they are operated at different Aufrollgeschwindigkeiten, thereby to produce a uniform distribution of the hoisting rope on the winches or winch drums in the starting position.

Fig. 1:

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Mast-Winden-Anordnung einer Baumaschine in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Seilflasche; und

Fig. 2:

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Gelenkeinheit anstelle der Seilflasche in einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of two preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated schematically in the attached drawings. Show

Fig. 1:

a perspective view of a mast-winch arrangement of a construction machine according to the invention in a first embodiment with a rope bottle; and

Fig. 2:

a perspective view of a hinge unit instead of the rope bottle in a second embodiment.

A first embodiment of a construction machine according to the invention is described below in connection with Fig. 1 explained. It shows Fig. 1 a mast 10 of a construction machine not shown. The mast 10 may be pivoted and / or pivoted on the construction machine. The two articulation areas 40, 42 serve this purpose. The pole 10 can be telescopic or non-telescopic. Fig. 1 further shows the two winches 12, 14, which can be arranged on a support unit, not shown, of the construction machine. A hoist rope 20 is attached to the two winches 12, 14, the first winch 12 and the second winch 14. For winding the hoist rope 20, the first winch 12 and the second winch 14, a first winch drum 13 and a second winch drum 15. In the exemplary embodiment, the first winch drum 13 and the second winch drum 15 have the same diameter and axial dimensions. The hoist rope 20 extends from a first end, which is connected to the first winch drum 13, via a first deflection roller 18 on the mast head 11 of the mast 10 via a second deflection roller 18 by a rope bottle 22 and again via a third deflection roller 18 and a fourth deflection roller 18 of the mast head 11 to the second winch drum 15, with which a second end of the hoisting rope is connected. In this case, the first and fourth guide roller 18 are on the same side of the mast as the two winches 12, 14 and the second and third guide roller 18 on the same side of the mast 10 as the rope bottle 22. In this case, two guide rollers 18 on the mast head 11th arranged opposite one another on a force measuring axis 19. At the rope bottle 22, a lifting element 30 is disposed on a lower side. The lifting element 30, which in Fig. 1 is shown schematically, serves as a connecting element for attaching a tool, not shown, to the rope bottle 22. The tool can be arranged rigidly or movably on the rope bottle 22.

For free-running lowering of the lifting element 30, the rope bottle 22 and the tool, the first winch 12 may be formed as a free-fall with a free-fall brake, not shown.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a hinge unit 24 with a lifting element 30. The only difference of this second embodiment over the first in Fig. 1 embodiment shown is that in place of a rope bottle 22 as in the first embodiment, a hinge unit 24 is provided. The hinge unit 24 is pivotally movable and thus movable to the indicated hoist rope 20. The hoist rope 20 is in this case firmly connected to the hinge unit 24 in this embodiment, and it may be interrupted between the connection points. The lifting element 30 serves, as in the first embodiment, the attachment of a tool.

Claims (14)

1. Construction machine
   which has a mast (10) and a lifting element (30), which can be moved up and down along the mast (10), and
   which has a first rope winch (12) and a second rope winch (14),
   wherein at least the first rope winch (12) is designed as a free fall winch and the second rope winch (14) can be operated with force-locking, and
   wherein the first and second rope winch (12, 14) each has a winch drum (13, 15),
   characterized in that
   a first end of the hoist rope (20) is connected to the winch drum (13) of the first rope winch (12), and
   in that a second end of the hoist rope (20) is connected to the winch drum (15) of the second rope winch (14),
   in that the hoist rope (20) can be operated at the same time by means of the two rope winches (12, 14),
   in that the hoist rope (20) being operated at the same time by means of the two rope winches (12, 14) can be lowered in free fall with the first rope winch (12), and
   in that a controller is provided, with which the first rope winch (12) being designed as a free fall winch can be switched into a free fall mode to lower the hoist rope (20) being operated at the same time by the two rope winches (12, 14), while the second rope winch (14) is operated with force-locking.
2. Construction machine according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the lifting element (30) is arranged with a pulley block (22) or an articulation unit (24) movably on the hoist rope (20).
3. Construction machine according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the hoist rope (20) is formed from at least two ropes coupled or connected to each other.
4. Construction machine according any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   the free fall winch has a free fall brake, with which the free fall winch can be opened for free-wheeling lowering of the hoist rope (20) and the free falling hoist rope (20) can be braked again by activating the free fall brake.
5. Construction machine according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   after lowering the hoist rope (20) from a starting position into an operating position, for the first rope winch (12) a greater hoist rope length is wound out from the first winch drum (13) than from the second winch drum (15), and
   in that the two rope winches (12, 14) can be operated asynchronously when the hoist rope (20) is lifted again, wherein when lifting again a greater hoist rope length is wound onto the first winch drum (13) than onto the second winch drum (15).
6. Construction machine according any one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the hoist rope (20) can be deflected on at least two deflection rollers (18) which are arranged on the mast (10), and
   in that the at least two deflection rollers (18) are mounted on at least one force measuring axis (19).
7. Construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   the construction machine has sensors, with which a position of the lifting element (30) relative to a position of the construction machine can be determined.
8. Construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that
   the construction machine has rotational speed sensors, with which the rotational speed of at least one of the two rope winches (12, 14) can be determined.
9. Construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   at least the first rope winch (12) can be operated both as a free fall winch and also as force-locking winch.
10. Construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    which is designed as a diaphragm wall gripper to excavate earth material, wherein a hydraulic gripper is articulated on the lifting element (30).
11. Method for upward and downward movement of a lifting element (30) in a construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    in which a first rope winch (12) and a second rope winch (14) is used, each of which has a winch drum (13, 15),
    wherein at least the first rope winch (12) is designed as a free fall winch and the second rope winch (14) can be operated with force-locking,
    characterized in that
    a first end of the hoist rope (20) is connected to the winch drum (13) of the first rope winch (14), and
    in that a second end of the hoist rope (20) is connected to the winch drum (15) of the second rope winch (14),
    in that the hoist rope (20) is operated at the same time by the two rope winches (12, 14), and
    in that the first rope winch (12) is switched into a free fall mode by a controller to lower the hoist rope (20) being operated at the same time by the two rope winches (12, 14), while the second rope winch (14) is operated with force-locking.
12. Method according to the claim 11,
    characterized in that
    a free fall brake, which is arranged on the at least one first rope winch (12), is deactivated for free fall lowering of the hoist rope (20) and the lifting element (30), which is arranged movably on the hoist rope (20) with a pulley block (22), wherein the at least one first rope winch (12) is released by the free fall brake for free fall lowering of the hoist rope (20).
13. Method according to one of the claims 11 or 12,
    characterized in that
    the two rope winches (12, 14) are synchronised, when the hoist rope (20) and the lifting element (30), which is arranged on the hoist rope (20), are lifted again after the free fall lowering of the hoist rope (20), into a starting position of the rope winches (12, 14) before lowering, and
    in that the two rope winches (12, 14) are operated independently of each other when the hoist rope (20) is lowered and / or lifted again.
14. Method for creating a diaphragm wall with a construction machine according to claim 10.

Images