EP2897892A1

EP2897892A1 - Method for operating a crane, and crane

Info

Publication number: EP2897892A1
Application number: EP13765952.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Aßfalg
Original assignee: Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
Current assignee: Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
Priority date: 2012-09-18
Filing date: 2013-09-18
Publication date: 2015-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-18
Also published as: US20150375972A1; WO2014044391A1; ES2905225T3; CN104781182B; CN104781182A; EP2897892B1; IN2015DN02813A; US9745175B2; DE102012018392A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a crane having a luffing crane jib and a trolley which can be displaced on the crane jib, wherein the crane can be operated, on the one hand, in a luffing mode and, on the other hand, in a trolley mode. According to the invention the switch between a luffing mode and a trolley mode takes place by virtue of the hoist-rope reeving being altered. The invention also relates to such a crane for implementing the method.

Description

Method of operating a crane and crane

The invention relates to a method for operating a crane with a tiltable crane jib and a crane trolley movably arranged trolley, wherein the crane is on the one hand in a rocking mode and on the other hand in a trolley mode operable. The invention further relates to a crane, which optionally allows a crane operation in Trolley or Wippmodus.

Various crane systems are known from the prior art, which offer certain advantages depending on the application. So tower cranes are known with Katzausleger, in which the boom always occupies a horizontal position and the load with the aid of a trolley over the entire boom length is movable. This offers the advantage that the attached load can be brought particularly close to the tower.

In contrast, there are tower cranes with jib, which are also referred to as Verstellausleger. The jib is attached to the crane tower below the top of the tower with a hinge and variable in height via a boom guy rope. Such cranes do not have a trolley, the load is Legerrichtung transported alone on the lifting and lowering movement of the boom. The above-mentioned crane design offers advantages especially in confined spaces, as the boom can be easily "pulled in" to avoid collisions with obstacles and the load can be raised to higher altitudes due to the steeper boom position.

An increasingly high degree of flexibility is expected, in particular, from mobile construction cranes, which have a mobile full tower tower crane with a jib boom. This crane construction should often operate under complex spatial conditions on the construction site, which is why the aforementioned advantages of the luffing jib system are of great interest.

Efforts have already been made in the past to merge the two crane systems presented. In particular, the advantages of the two different crane systems are to be combined in a single crane system.

From DE 1 171 132, for example, a tower crane is known, which has a retractable boom and a run on this trolley. For operation as a jib, the trolley is locked at the top of the jib. This allows the boom system any slope without the trolley leaving its place at the top.

However, the bearing of the trolley on the jib tip increases the self-weighting moment of the jib system and consequently reduces the possible peak load in rocking mode. In addition, lost by the shearing of the hoist rope on the trolley hoist length, which may be necessary especially in steep boom positions.

The object of the present invention is to provide a crane or a method for operating a crane, with which the aforementioned problem can be overcome. This object is achieved by a method for operating a crane according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the subordinate claims to the main claim.

Claim 1 therefore proposes a method for operating a crane with a tilting crane boom and a trolley movable on the crane boom. Crane configuration allows crane operation in rocking mode and operation in trolley mode. The crane operator can select the optimal crane mode for the application and retrofit the crane between modes by executing the procedure.

For example, the crane is designed as a tower crane, in particular as a mobile construction crane, comprising a jib with movable trolley.

Previous art prior art designs propose to fix the trolley for the luffing mode on the jib tip and to release the crane hook from the trolley. The present invention now proceeds in a substantially deviating way. According to the invention the shearing of the hoisting rope is changed on the boom system, so that a rocking operation of the crane is made possible. The deflection of the hoisting rope from the boom to the crane hook is thus independent of the trolley.

In particular, the changeover provides the option of positioning the trolley at any point on the crane boom during the luffing operation. A storage on the jib tip is no longer necessary, resulting in certain advantages. For example, a tower-near positioning of the trolley can have a favorable effect on the self-weight moment of the crane.

Furthermore, by a favorable choice of the fixing position of the trolley during the Wippmodus not only an increase in the peak carrying load but also An increase in effective crane unloading can be achieved. The travel path of the trolley to the boom tip is regularly limited by the technical conditions, which is why the theoretically maximum outreach of the crane could be optimally exploited neither in the trolley nor in the luffing mode. Due to the Umscherung invention this disadvantage can be avoided during the rocking mode and the effective crane outreach can be increased.

It proves to be particularly advantageous if the changeover causes a change between a 1-strand operation in the rocking mode and a multi-strand, in particular 2-strand operation in the trolley mode. By switching the hoist rope in a 1-strand operation additional Hubseillänge can be obtained, which is particularly in steep boom positions in rocking mode to advantage.

During the trolley mode, the hoist rope is struck at the end of the boom system. To change the reeving, it may be advantageous if the fixed point of the hoist rope is released for crane operation in the rocking mode and struck on a load hook or locked with this. The crane is then driven in single-strand operation. It is particularly useful if a separate load hook is available for the rocking mode.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the trolley and / or the used crane hook / hook bottle of the cat mode for operation in the rocking mode on the boom or with the trolley is locked. Since in the present invention, the locking of the trolley does not necessarily have to be done on the jib tip, an optimal locking position with respect to the own weight of the trolley is selected, which is expediently spaced from the jib tip and reduces the self-loading torque acting on the jib tip. Particularly advantageous is a locking of the trolley in the vicinity of the articulation point of the boom. In this case, it may be advantageous to use an already existing transport or disassembly position for the trolley to lock it during the rocking mode on the boom. This transport or disassembly position for the trolley is arranged regularly in the region of the boom pivot point.

It is advantageous in an advantageous embodiment of the invention to use a provided during the cat mode Seileinscherungsrolle during the rocking mode as a deflection roller. The Seileinscherungsrolle is regularly arranged on the boom tip and is used for fixing or storage of the hoisting rope on the boom tip during the trolley mode. It is conceivable that the position of the Seileinscherungsrolle for the Wippmodus is selectively changed locally, to ensure optimal deflection of the hoist.

For the Umscherung it is advantageous if the boom tip is discharged to near the ground. In this case, the change can be made easily and easily from the ground by the crane operator. Preferably, the jib tip is lowered with the boom extended to near the ground.

For the Umschervorgang drained boom, it is expedient to secure the hoist rope for safety reasons with one or more securing means on the crane boom. The fuse is preferably applied before or shortly after the release of the fixed point of the hoisting rope on the boom system. Before taking up the desired crane operation, the hoist rope is released again.

Preferably, a quick and easy way can be provided to variably attach one or more additional elements on the boom, in particular the boom tip. One or more boom elements can be mounted in particular for extending the boom to increase the usable boom length. However, it is also conceivable integration of other boom elements that provide additional functions on the boom system. For example, individual elements or devices for displaying information at the Jib tip to be attached. Also, a combination of these elements with boom extensions conceivable.

The integration of one or more boom elements is simplified by lowering the boom tip near the ground. Also, the boom can be specifically extended for the rocker mode, which is not possible in the said quick and easy way in known Katzauslegerkranen due to the complexity of the trolley design without further effort.

If one or more boom elements for the luffing mode mounted on the jib tip, the Hubseilfestpunkt is released and pulled by means of a safety rope to one of the additional boom elements, in particular to the top of the outer additional boom element. Preferably, for this purpose, the safety rope is guided from the outer tip of the outermost additional boom element up to the Hubseilfestpunkt.

For the luffing mode, the hoisting rope is expediently deflected with a deflection roller attached to the additional jib element and connected at the end to the corresponding crane hook.

It is particularly advantageous if the cable shearing pulley is dismounted during the cat mode on the original boom and mounted on the corresponding additional boom element for the deflection of the hoist rope.

The Hubseilfestpunkt is preferably pulled with a winch to the top of at least one additional boom element.

One or more sensors can detect the local geometry of the current crane configuration and thus automatically detect the intended crane mode, ie the rocker or cat mode. The crane control can therefore work in consideration of the detected crane mode and unlock or execute appropriate crane commands or functions. The invention further relates to a crane, in particular a tower crane or mobile construction crane, with a tilting crane boom, in particular a jib, and a trolley movably arranged on the crane boom. The proposed crane configuration makes it possible to operate the crane on the one hand in a rocking mode and on the other hand in a trolley mode.

According to the invention, the hoist rope of the crane is guided in the luffing operation via at least one deflection roller on the crane jib, in particular the jib tip, and struck on the end side on a load hook or locked therewith. According to the invention, the crane is characterized in that a 1-strand operation of the hoist rope is ensured during the rocking mode, whereas a multiple reeving of the hoist rope is generally necessary during the known trolley mode.

The 1-strand guide of the hoisting rope during the rocking mode offers certain advantages. For example, the position of the trolley for the function of the crane in the rocking mode is irrelevant, positioning near the boom Anlenkpunktes is therefore possible. Furthermore, a larger amount of hoisting rope is available due to the 1-strand operation.

In addition, the crane according to the invention advantageously comprises means for carrying out the method according to the invention or an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention. The advantages and properties of the crane according to the invention obviously correspond to those of the method according to the invention, which is why a repetitive description is omitted here.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from an embodiment described in more detail in the following drawings. Show it: FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the crane according to the invention during the cat mode,

Figure 2: a schematic side view of the crane according to Figure 1 in Wippmodus and

Figure 3: a schematic side view of the crane of Figure 2 with extended boom tip.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the boom system of the crane according to the invention. At the head of the crane tower 10, a jib 30 is pivoted about a hinge 20 about a horizontal rocking axis. To adjust the Wippwinkels a Auslegerabspannseil 70 runs from crane tower 10 via the crane tip to the boom 30. By operating the Auslegerabspannseils 70, the boom 30 can be adjusted in the vertical rocker plane.

The illustrated crane construction allows crane operation in the rocking mode, ie with a tilting boom 30, as well as trolley operation. For both modes, the hoist rope 40 is used. For the cat mode, the trolley 60 is available, which is movable in the longitudinal axis of the boom 30 relative thereto. In each case a pulley pair 62, 62b is arranged on the trolley 60 and the hook block 61, whereby a 2-strand operation of the hoisting rope during the Trolley mode is made possible.

To move the trolley 60, a cat drive is provided which comprises the two driven pulleys 63 and the associated stranding 64.

The hoist rope 40 extends from the tower base via the jib attachment point to the jib tip. In Auslegeranlenkbereich the hoist rope is directed over the pulley 51 and extends horizontally below the boom 30 in the direction of the boom tip. As already described, the hoist rope 40 is guided by the pulley pairs 62a, 62b of the trolley 60 and the hook block 61 until it is at the Jib tip is redirected by the Seileinscherungsrolle 80 and the end in the boom tip is firmly connected to the boom structure. The view X shows a front view of the boom tip. The Seileinscherungsrolle 80 is pivotally connected to about a parallel to the boom longitudinal axis 82 pivotally connected to the boom tip.

The illustration according to FIG. 2 shows the crane configuration which is driven during the rocking mode. For this purpose, the trolley 60 is fixed to the transportation or disassembly lock 130, which is provided in any case, and held against a movement in the longitudinal axis direction of the extension arm 30. Compared with the crane configuration from FIG. 1, the hoisting rope fixed point is released in the region of the boom tip. The end of the hoist rope 40 is connected to a hook hook provided for the rocker 90 or locked with this. Although the hoist rope 40 is still guided by the deflection rollers 62a, 62b of the trolley 60 and the hook block 61, this has no influence on the crane operation in the rocking mode.

In the area of the jib tip, the shearing-in roller 80 is used as a deflection roller in order to divert the hoisting rope at the jib tip to the hook bottle 90. The view X of Figure 2 also shows a front view of the boom tip. The Seileinscherungsrolle / pulley 80 depends vertically on the boom tip with horizontal axis of rotation.

The trolley is not locked on the jib tip, but in a favorable position in terms of its own weight further inside near the tower 10, which leads to an increase in the maximum crane load capacity. By switching the hoist rope 40 for the rocking mode, crane operation is switched from a 2-strand operation in trolley mode to a tram operation in rocking mode. As a result, additional Hubseillänge is free, which is particularly advantageous for large hook heights with a steep boom position.

In addition, the effective unloading of the crane during the rocking mode can be maximized compared to trolley operation. Like the dashed contours in gur 2 indicate that the trolley 60 can not be moved completely to the jib tip due to the technical conditions. The maximum possible projection of the trolley 60 and the crane hook 61 is smaller by the distance AL to the jib tip.

By changing the crane configuration in the rocking mode, the hoist rope 40 is deflected by means of the guide roller 80 directly to the boom tip, whereby a Ausladungsgewinn of AL is achieved. The system-related loss of effective output during the cat mode is thus avoided in the rocking mode.

For changing the crane configuration from the cat mode to the rocking mode, the following individual process steps are necessary:

Initially, the crane hook 90 is lowered for the rocking mode while still in the cat mode at the target location on the ground. Subsequently, the trolley 60 and the hook 61 are locked in the disassembly position 130 on the boom 30. The jib tip is lowered with the boom extended 30 to the ground, so that the Hubseilfestpunkt can be solved on the jib tip from the ground. The loosened hoist rope 50 is secured to the boom 30 including the pulleys. The Seileinscherungsrolle 80 is disassembled used as pulley 80. The position of the Seileinscherungsrolle 80 can be varied on the boom in order to provide optimal conditions for the rocking mode can.

The now free Hubseilfestpunkt is locked to the standing hook 90. Following the hoist safety is released and the boom 30 is pulled up.

In addition, one or more sensors are available on the crane, which measure the local geometry on the boom system and derive the current setup state from the measured data. The result is communicated to the crane control or to the crane operator. For changing the crane configuration from the rocking mode to the cat mode, the method steps described above are carried out in reverse order.

By changing the crane configuration, in particular the change of the Hubsei-eineinscherung results in an easy way to change the boom configuration during the conversion. During the change of the hoist rope 40, one or more additional elements for extending the boom 30 can be mounted particularly easily and quickly on the jib tip when the jib 30 is lowered.

Figure 3a shows schematically the possibility of extending the boom 30. A boom extension 100, such as a lattice tip, may be mounted on the boom tip. Alternatively or additionally, other boom elements for providing different functions can be introduced into the boom system. So here is the possibility to attach individual elements or devices for displaying information on the jib tip. In this context, reference is made in particular to the attachment of billboards or electronic display means for displaying advertising information.

For the assembly of a boom extension or an additional boom element, the above-described method for mode change is used. In advance, however, at least one extension 100 or an additional element is provided in addition to the crane hook 90.

Subsequently, the process is carried out to secure the hoist rope 40. Following the assembly of the boom extension 100 takes place at the boom tip. As shown in the detail view according to FIG. 3 b, the hoist rope fixing point is connected to a safety rope 0 that extends to the tip of the boom extension 100. The safety rope 1 10 can be mounted on a hand winch 120 in order to lift the hoist rope from the boom tip to the outer rope. To pull out the end of the boom extension 100. The cable shearing pulley 80 is disassembled on the boom tip and attached to the tip of the boom extension 100. Hoisting cable 40 and shearing reel 80 are secured at the new position until the boom 30 is erected. The cable shearing roll 80 mounted on the boom extension assumes the function of a deflection roller 80 for guiding the hoist rope 40 up to the crane hook 90. Also in this case, an intended sensor system recognizes the changed crane configuration and communicates it to the crane control.

The invention allows with little setup effort a rapid change of crane configuration between cat and Wippmodus. The crane according to the invention or the method according to the invention ensures a particularly flexible use of cranes on construction sites with particularly cramped space conditions.

Claims

claims

1 . Method for operating a crane with a tiltable crane boom and a crane trolley movably arranged trolley, wherein the crane is on the one hand in a rocking mode and on the other hand in a trolley mode operable, characterized in that for a mode change, a change in Hubseileinscherung.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rocking mode, a 1-strand operation and in the trolley mode, a multi-strand, in particular 2-strand operation, the hoisting rope takes place.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the required fixed point of the hoist rope during the running katzmodus for crane operation in the rocking mode solved and struck or locked to a load hook.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trolley and / or the crane hook / hook bottle of the cat mode locked during the rocking mode on the boom, in particular at a position favorable in terms of its own weight to the boom tip is / are locked.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the trolley or the crane hook / hook bottle of the trolley is locked in its transport or disassembly position, in particular in the region of the Ausle- ger linkage point.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the trolley mode, the hoist rope is fixed on the boom, wherein the Seileinscherungsrolle is used in the rocking mode as a deflection roller, and wherein the position of the roller or storage is preferably locally variable.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the change of the hoisting rope for the corresponding crane mode, the boom tip, in particular with a straight boom is lowered to the bottom.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hoisting rope is optionally secured in conjunction with Hubseilrollen after releasing the fixed point until the recording of the luffing operation on the crane boom.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the Hubseilumscherung at least one additional Boom element is mounted for the rocking mode, the hoist rope fixed point is connected to a safety rope from the at least one additional boom element and pulled out to the top of the extension.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the Hubseil- fixed point is pulled with a hand winch to the top of the at least one additional jib member.

1 1. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more sensors detect the operating mode of the crane due to the local geometry.

12. Crane, in particular tower crane or mobile crane, with a tilting crane boom and a crane boom movable trolley, the crane on the one hand in a rocking mode and on the other hand in a trolley mode is operable, characterized in that the hoist rope in the rocking operation via at least one pulley on the crane boom, in particular the boom tip, guided and hinged at the end of the load hook or locked with this.

13. Crane according to claim 12 for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 1 1.