EP2423147B1 - Assembly for rotating a load - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement for turning a load, with a trolley carried by a trolley and movable along a rail hoist, of which a first support means with a first load hook can be raised and lowered, and with an at least height adjustable second support means with a second load hook, wherein the second support means is suspended on a chassis which is movable along the rail and is configured such that the chassis is supported in a load-free driving position on its wheels on the rail.

Often, there is a need to rotate or turn loads suspended on a hoist, for example, to bring them into a position convenient for a manufacturing or assembly process, or to perform work in inaccessible areas of the load. To achieve this, various devices and methods are well known that cause after applying ropes, chains, straps or other slings laterally of the center of gravity of the load when lifting the same at this point of articulation a change in position with skillful manipulation of the stop means in cooperation with the Hoist allow the load to turn.

By turning a load in its widest sense, the invention is understood to mean any change in the starting position of a load suspended on a hoist, which is attainable by turning the same load in the raised position, the term "turning" also being intended to describe incomplete turns of the load , By means of suspension means the invention firmly associated with the hoist ropes and chains for holding the load, possibly including including connected to the hoisting rope or a lifting chain of a hoist load-receiving means, such as a load hook. A hoist usually has a hoist, which allows lifting and lowering of the load and consists essentially of the lifting drive, a transmission and a braking device.

In the German patent DE 40 12 381 C2 describes an overhead crane with a two-rail cat used in a foundry for transporting and emptying heavy ladles. The overhead crane is turning set up by loads. For this purpose, two simultaneously or independently operated hoists are arranged on the two-rail cat of the gantry crane, each having a support cable with load hooks. Each of the load hooks can be connected to one of the two opposite attachment points on the load. By alternately operating the hoists and meaningful implementation of the support cables to the attachment points, the load can be raised, as well as turned around its vertical axis and transverse axis and placed again in the inverted position.

The use of two hoists on an overhead crane for lifting and lowering and turning the ailing loads requires because of the inclusion of both hoists in the lifting process a design of each hoist on the total weight of the load, ie, the two hoists are usually the same design, since during the turning process the load weight is alternately carried by one or the other hoist or by both hoists together. Here, each hoist must be designed for the maximum load and their own weight reduce the hoists the carrying capacity of the overhead crane. In addition, in the thus large-sized hoists strong diagonal trains of the support cables are unavoidable, resulting from the required intervals of the pulleys both hoists.

In the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 1 781 278 A is a movable container lifting device for loading and unloading of container transport vehicles, such as trucks and railway cars, described. The lifting device consists of two portals, on each of which a hoist is suspended and each having two vertical supports. At the lower ends of the supports portal feet are arranged in which support rollers are resiliently mounted. The gantries can only be moved in a load-free condition, whereby the gantries are supported exclusively by the support rollers on the floor. In an operating state in which the hoists are subjected to a load, the portals lower over the spring-loaded support of the support rollers until the soleplates of the portal feet come to rest on the floor.

From the patent US 5,893,471 A An arrangement for turning a load is known. The arrangement comprises a trolley, carried by a crane trolley and movable along a rail, of which a first cable is connected to a first cable Load hook can be raised and lowered. In addition, the arrangement comprises a height-adjustable second cable with a second load hook. The second cable is suspended from a chassis, which is movable along the rail and is supported in this way in his wheels on the rail.

Similar load reversal arrangements with two ropes are also from the German patents DE 11 37 539 A and DE 10 2005 030 969 A1 known.

The invention has for its object to find a simple, compact and cost-effective arrangement for reversing hanging loads, can be turned safely with the heavy cumbersome loads.

This object is achieved by an arrangement with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 5.

According to the invention, in an arrangement for turning a load, with a hoist carried by a crane trolley and movable along a rail, of which a first suspension means can be raised and lowered by a first load hook, and with an at least height-adjustable second suspension means with a second load hook, wherein the second support means is suspended on a chassis which is movable along the rail and is designed such that the chassis is supported in a load-free driving position on the wheels on the rail, a simple, compact and inexpensive design achieved in that the Lowering the chassis in an operating position with recorded load under load of the wheels on the rail and supported, are arranged between the wheels of the chassis and the second support means spring elements, the wheels are mounted on a Fahrvverksrahmen the chassis, on the chassis frame on the spring elements Aufh are attached to the chassis frame by the load from the driving position into the operating position and at which the second support means engages relative to the chassis frame. Also, the mobility of the chassis between the driving position and the operating position is structurally particularly simple achieved.

For the purposes of the invention is under a load hook any type of fastener to understand with which a load can be attached to a suspension means.

The invention is characterized in that use without a complex, expensive and heavy second trolley, a second separate suspension is provided, on which the intended for the turning process second suspension means is suspended. The peculiarity of the chassis according to the invention is that when receiving the load the landing gear is placed on the rail, so that the high weight forces of the load are not punctiform transmitted via the wheels to the rail, but linear as a line load; As a result, the chassis can be carried out very easily overall, which is the overall benefit of the lifting capacity of the crane. Also reduce the mechanical stresses in the rail of the longitudinal member considerably. This also low wheelbase of the wheels of the chassis is possible. Also smaller wheel diameters are possible. Overall, the suspension is therefore particularly short and easy to build. A retrofit of existing gantry cranes for turning loads is easily possible and in most cases requires no new static calculations due to the low weight of the additional components. The low energy consumption of the additional chassis perfectly matches the increasingly required "green strategy".

A good braking effect and transmission of the load from the chassis to the rail is achieved in that the suspension parts have a suspension flange, which rests flat in the operating position of the chassis on the rail. This fully utilizes the load to decelerate the landing gear in the operating position.

Particularly advantageous is provided that the chassis is connected via a coupling rod with the crane trolley and the chassis is unpowered. As stated above, can be saved significantly by the chassis used weight, which the load capacity of the support crane comes to good. In continuation of this idea, the suspension is formed without a drive and dragged along by the crane.

Alternatively it can be provided that the chassis has its own drive.

Structurally particularly advantageous is that on the chassis a hoist is suspended, the hoist is designed as a chain hoist and the second support means is a chain.

With the arrangement according to the invention, a load can advantageously be turned. For this purpose, it is provided that for turning the load, the load is suspended at a first attachment point on the first load hook and at a second stop point spaced from the first attachment point on the second load hook and the load combined via relative movements of the first load hook to the second load hook a rotational movement of the load hanging on the first or second suspension means around the first or second suspension means is reversible, the second suspension means with the second load hook is designed exclusively for holding the load and the lifting and lowering of the load required for turning over the load is exclusively via the hoist with the first support means and the first load hook is done.

To further save energy, weight and cost, it is provided that the hoist is designed for a performance and a static load capacity, which is required for load-free height adjustment of the second support means with the second load hook and any necessary stop means and for holding the load at a desired height is designed. Therefore, the rotational movement for the load turning occurs only around the second parting agent.

It is particularly advantageously provided that at least one sensor is attached to the chassis, via which the operating position can be seen and a signal from the sensor, the hoist is locked in its load holding function. As a result, it is advantageously avoided that a brake of the hoist or the pawl of the hoist is released or unlocked, as long as a load still depends on the hoist.

• Figur 1 einen Laufkran mit einer Anordnung zum Wenden einer Last,
• Figur 2a bis Figur 2h eine Abfolge der einzelnen Arbeitsschritte zum Wenden der Last,
• Figur 3 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Figur 1 aus dem Bereich eines zweiten Fahrwerks in perspektivischer Darstellung und
• Figur 4 einen senkrechten Schnitt durch das zweite Fahrwerk gemäß Figur 3 entlang der Schnittlinie x-x.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment. Show it:

• FIG. 1 an overhead crane with an arrangement for turning a load,
• Figure 2a to Figure 2h a sequence of the individual work steps for turning the load,
• FIG. 3 an excerpt from FIG. 1 from the area of a second chassis in perspective and
• FIG. 4 a vertical section through the second chassis according to FIG. 3 along the section line xx.

In the FIG. 1 is schematically illustrated an overhead crane 1, which is designed as a single-carrier overhead crane. The overhead crane 1 has in the usual way a horizontally extending side member 2, on which a trolley 3 is movable in the horizontal direction. For this purpose, the trolley 3 is provided with wheels 4, which are movable along the longitudinal rail 2 serving as a rail 5. Furthermore, the trolley 3, a hoist 6, with a particular lifting trained as a first support means 7 via a first load hook 8, a load 9 is suspended and lowered suspended.

In principle, it is also possible to provide 8 instead of the load hook other load handling devices. Also, the particular limp support means 7 may be formed not only in the form of ropes but also in the form of chains or straps.

The load 9 is shown only schematically as a cuboid object and has centrally on its upper side surface a first attachment point a in the form of a tab. A second attachment point b is provided centrally on its right side surface. Further attachment points, not shown, are provided on the further side surfaces. A third attachment point c is arranged on the lower side surface and thus the first attachment point a opposite. It is understood that the load 9 may have any shape and required for a later to be described turning the load 9 stop points a, b and c as shown in the form of eyelets or screw-on eyelets or other stop means such as loops on the Last 9 can be provided.

Furthermore, the longitudinal beam 2 of the overhead crane 1 can be moved along crane runways 11 via crane trolleys 10 arranged at its ends. Thus, in the usual way on the overhead crane 1 by moving the side member 2 and the trolley 3 along the longitudinal member 2 arbitrary locations in a coverage area of the overhead crane 1 can be achieved.

To be able to turn loads 9 suspended by means of this commercial overhead crane 1 on the first load hook 8, an additional hoist 12 is provided. This hoist 12 has a second preferably designed as a chain support means 13, at the lower end of a second load hook 14 is suspended. Also, this further hoist 12 via a chassis 15 also as the trolley 3 along the longitudinal member 2 can be moved. In order to design the chassis 15 of the hoist 12 without drive, a coupling rod 16 is provided between the chassis 15 and the trolley 3. In principle, it is also possible to equip the chassis 15 of the further hoist 12 with its own drive. However, the coupling rod 16 provided here allows to dispense with this further travel drive.

How with the help of the trolley 3 and the additional hoist 12, a load 9 can be turned, is below with reference to the FIGS. 2a to 2h explained in more detail. Here, the hoist 12 has the function of a load turning device together with the hoist 6.

In the FIG. 2a is the load 9, as the arrow symbolize, just raised and is suspended at the first pivot point a by means of the first support means 7 of the hoist 6 to the trolley 3. The second pivot point b on the right side of the load 9 is not yet occupied; to recognize but is the freely suspended second support means 13 (the load hook is not shown), which is provided, but not yet attached to the pivot point b.

The FIG. 2b shows the load 9 raised, as can be seen by the schematically illustrated distance of the load 9 from the symbolized bottom 22. The second support means 13 has meanwhile been struck at the second point of articulation b of the load 9. By shortening the second support means 13 of the hoist 12, the second support means 13 is slightly tensioned, but does not raise the load 9 in this case. The second support means 13 is tracked only the lifting movement of the first support means 7. This process is indicated by the direction of the arrow coinciding with the second support means 13.

In Figure 2c is recognizable by the direction of the arrow, the load 9 lowered by lowering the first support means 7, but the second support means 13 remains fixed, so that the turning operation of the load 9 is introduced by the second pivot point on the second support means 13 hanging. The fixing of the second support means 13 is symbolized by the transverse line 24.

In Figure 2d the load is completely on the second support means 13, the first support means 7 is free of load and can be solved by the first articulation point a. In this position at the second pivot point b hanging the load 9 as the curved turning arrow in FIG. 2e shows about its vertical axis and thus exclusively rotated about the second support means 13. After the rotation of the load 9 by 180 °, the first support means 7 is struck on the third stop point c on the first abutment point a opposite side of the load 9. Then the hoist 6 of the trolley 3 is actuated to lift the load 9 with the first support means 7, as in FIG. 2f shown.

The Figure 2g shows that in still unchanged altitude of the second pivot point b, ie fixed second support means 13, the load 9 further raised by the first support means 7 in the arrow direction and thereby turned further until the previous bottom of the load 9 is rotated upwards. This can be seen on the orientation bar 23 shown graphically in the load 9.

In FIG. 2h is the turned-back load 9 after lowering the first support means 12 in the direction of arrow or lowering the hoist 9 after prior release of the second support means 15 from the second point of articulation b shown. The load 9 is opposite in one FIG. 2 180 ° turned position on the ground 22. During the entire turning process, whose beginning in FIG. 4 is shown, the second support means 13 has not been changed in height and thus has performed no lifting function. The second support means 13 was used exclusively for holding the load 9, while all lifting operations of the load 9 were performed by the first support means 7.

The FIG. 3 shows a section of the longitudinal member 2 and the chassis 15 of the additional hoist 12 in a perspective view. It can be seen that the undercarriage 15 engages around the lower flange of the longitudinal member 2 designed as a double-T-beam as a rail 5 from below in a C-shaped manner and for this purpose has a correspondingly formed undercarriage frame 17. This chassis frame 17 is supported by the wheels 18 on the rail 5. Furthermore, this chassis frame 17 carries suspension parts 21, which cover the rail 5 on the one hand with a suspension flange 21a seen from above and on the other hand extend in the vertical direction down through the landing gear frame 17 in the form of a hanging 21 b. The suspension part 21 is supported in total by spring elements 25 on the chassis frame 17. The suspension parts 21, in particular their suspension legs 21b, serve to receive a suspension bolt 19 on which the hoist 12 is suspended. Seen in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal member 2, the suspension parts 21 have an angular cross-section. In this case, the suspension flange 21a extends substantially horizontally and the suspension gable 21b is substantially vertical.

In the FIG. 4 is a sectional view of FIG. 3 shown along the section line xx. In addition to those in the FIG. 3 described details is from the FIG. 4 It can be seen that the suspension bolt 19 is supported with its ends in the region of bores 21c in the suspension lugs 21b. Also shows the FIG. 4 clearly, seen in the vertical direction, the suspension members 21 are under load of the suspension bolt 19 by, for example, a hung on the hoist 12 load 9 against the force of the spring elements 25 in the vertical direction on the rail 5 towards movable. Thus, in a loaded hoist 12, the receiving parts 21 are based directly on their horizontal suspension flanges 21a on the rail 5 from. The chassis 15 and the associated wheels 18 are thus not loaded and can be dimensioned so that they only have to carry the movement of the chassis 15 on the rail 5 in an unloaded condition.

Also shows the FIG. 4 in that the running gear 15 are guided over guide wheels which are rotatable about vertical axes on the lateral outer edges of the rail 5 in the form of the lower flange of the longitudinal member 2. In the FIG. 4 the landing gear 15 is shown in its unloaded driving position, that is, on the hoist 12 no load hangs 9. Accordingly, the spring elements 25 cause the between the suspension flanges 21a, which partially overlap the rail 5 seen from above and the rail 5, a gap 26 is present , Thus, the chassis 15 can be moved on the rails 5. Now, if the hoist 12 is charged when turning a load 9, so the suspension flanges 21 a lower in a so-called operating position, in which these at least partially rest flat on the rail 5 and thus no gap 26 is present.

In addition, not shown on the chassis frame 17 sensors are mounted in the form of limit switches. These sensors can detect the operating position and the driving position. The signal from the sensors is used to lock the brake or pawl of the hoist 12 to ensure that the hoist 12 can not be disengaged from its engaged or engaged ratchet hold state as long as a load 9 on the hoist 12 hangs.

In addition, it is pointed out that only the second support means 13 and the second load hook 14 and any required stop means for the load 9 can be raised and lowered by the additional hoist 12. The load 9 can not be lifted. However, an existing brake device or locking device of the hoist 12 is formed so that a raised by the hoist 6 of the trolley 3 load 9 can be securely held at this raised height level.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

overhead crane

2

longitudinal beams

3

crab

4

bikes

5

rail

6

hoist

7

first suspension means

8th

first load hook

9

load

10

crane trolleys

11

runways

12

hoist

13

second suspension means

14

second load hook

15

landing gear

16

coupling rod

17

chassis frame

18

impellers

19

suspension bolts

20

guide wheels

21

suspension parts

21

a suspension flange

21

b suspension hanger

21 c

drilling

22

ground

23

orientation bar

24

slash

25

spring elements

26

gap

a

first stop point

b

second stop point

c

third stop point

x

cutting plane

Claims (5)

1. Arrangement for turning over a load, having a lifting mechanism (6) which is carried by a crane trolley (3), which is displaceable along a rail (5), and by which a first carrying means (7) which has a first load hook (8) can be raised and lowered, and having a second carrying means (13) which has a second load hook (14) and which is adjustable at least in the heightwise direction, the second carrying means (13) being suspended from a travel unit (15) which is displaceable along the rail (5) and which is so designed that, in an unloaded position for travel, the travel unit (15) is supported on the rail (5) by its travel wheels (18), characterised in that, in an operating position where it is carrying a load (9), the travel unit (15) is lowered onto and supported on the rail (5) with the travel wheels (18) relieved of load, resilient members (25) are arranged between the travel wheels (18) of the travel unit and the second carrying means (13), the travel wheels (18) are mounted on a frame (17) of the travel unit (15), and there are fixed to the frame (17) of the travel unit via the resilient members (25) suspending parts (21) which can be moved relative to the frame (17) of the travel unit, by the load (9), from the position for travel to the operating position and with which the second carrying means (13) engages.
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the suspending parts (21) have a suspending flange (21 a) of which an area rests on the rail (5) when the travel unit (15) is in the operating position.
3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the travel unit (15) is connected to the crane trolley (3) by a coupling bar (16) and the travel unit (15) does not have a drive.
4. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the travel unit (15) has a travel drive of its own.
5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a lifting unit (12) is suspended from the travel unit (15), the lifting unit (12) takes the form of a chain hoist, and the second carrying means (13) is a chain.

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