EP2423146B1 - Assembly and work method for rotating a suspended load - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement for turning a load, with a liftable by a lifting and lowering first support means with a first load hook and with a lifting motor driven by a hoist, via which a second support means with a second load hook is height adjustable, wherein the load a first abutment point on the first load hook and / or at a second abutment point spaced from the first abutment point is suspended on the second load hook and for turning the load via relative movements of the first load hook to the second load hook combined with a rotational movement of the first or second Suspension means hanging load around an axis of rotation, which coincides with the longitudinal extension of the first or second support means, is reversible around.

Also, the invention relates to a working method for turning a load, in which one of a lifting device raised and lowered first suspension means with a first load hook and on a second height-adjustable suspension means with a second load hook hanging load on relative lifting and lowering movements of the first load hook to the second load hook combined with rotational movement of the load suspended on the first or second support means about an axis of rotation coincident with the longitudinal extent of the first or second support means.

Often, there is a need to rotate or turn loads suspended on a hoist, for example, to bring them into a position convenient for a manufacturing or assembly process, or to perform work in inaccessible areas of the load. To achieve this, various devices and methods are well known, which cause after applying ropes, chains, straps or other slings laterally of the center of gravity of the load when lifting the same at this attachment point a change in position, with skillful manipulation of the stop means in cooperation with the Hoist allow the load to turn.

In the context of the invention, when a load is used in the broadest sense, any change in the starting position of a load suspended on a hoisting gear is intended can be understood, which is achievable by turning the same load in the raised state, the term "turning" is also to describe incomplete turns of the load. By means of suspension means the invention firmly associated with the hoist ropes and chains for holding the load, possibly including including connected to the hoisting rope or a lifting chain of a hoist load-receiving means, such as a load hook. A hoist usually has a hoist, which allows lifting and lowering of the load and consists essentially of the lifting drive, a transmission and a braking device.

From the international patent application WO 2007/139383 A1 a device for turning a load is known, which consists essentially of a load traverse, attack at the opposite ends of ropes on which a body to be turned is suspended. At least one of the two ropes is changeable over a winch in its length, so as to be able to turn the body relative to the traverse.

The German patent application DE 10 2005 030 969 A1 shows a similar device. To let ropes on which a concrete part hangs parallel to each other during the turning of the concrete part, the ropes are suspended by trolleys, which are movable along a traverse.

In the European patent application EP 0 602 336 A1 a device for aligning workpieces is known in which the workpiece to be rotated is suspended at opposite ends with a so-called support band on a guide roller. In addition, engages at one end of the workpiece to be turned on a so-called alignment tape, which is connected to a hoist. The turning workpiece can then be turned by 90 degrees via this alignment tape. Here, the support belt moves through the pulley. The patent US 5,205,544 also describes a tether circulating around a pulley.

The French patent FR 2 265 664 relates to a load cross-piece, which can be tilted via a toggle lever.

In the German patent DE 40 12 381 C2 is described an overhead crane with a two-rail cat, which in a foundry for transporting and

Emptying heavy ladles is used. The overhead crane is set up to turn loads. For this purpose, two simultaneously or independently operated hoists are arranged on the two-railed cat of the girder crane, each having a support cable with load hooks. Each of the load hooks can be connected to one of the two opposite attachment points on the load. By alternately operating the hoists and meaningful implementation of the support cables to the attachment points, the load can be raised, as well as turned around its vertical axis and transverse axis and placed again in the inverted position.

The use of two hoists on an overhead traveling crane to raise and lower and turn the loaded loads requires a design of each hoist on the total weight of the load, i.e., the inclusion of both hoists in the lifting process. the two hoists are usually designed the same, since during the turning process, the load weight is alternately supported by one or the other hoist or by both hoists together. Here, each hoist must be designed for the maximum load and their own weight reduce the hoists the carrying capacity of the overhead crane. In addition, in the thus large-sized hoists strong diagonal trains of the support cables are unavoidable, resulting from the required intervals of the pulleys both hoists.

In the patent US 5,205,544 an arrangement for erecting a rectangular building board is described, which is transported in a horizontal starting position on a truck. The arrangement comprises a hoist which can be raised and lowered by means of a tether on a crane jib of a crane. The hoist has a hoist with a liftable and lowerable first rope, at the free end of a load hook is attached. In addition, a deflection roller is arranged on a lower side of the hoist, over which a second cable is guided so that the two ends of the second rope hang freely. At each end of the second rope a loop formed. The pulley is freely rotating and not driven. For picking up the building board from the truck and then erecting the building board, the load hook is fixed at the top and at the rear end of the building board and the two loops at the front end. Here, the first loop is at the top and the second loop at the bottom. To the building board from the horizontal starting position by 90 degrees to turn to a vertical target position, the hoist suspended on the tether of the crane is lifted while the load hook of the first rope is lowered by the hoist. As a result, the building board is raised altogether and pivoted about a pivot point in the region of the loops. Since the two attachment points of the loops are offset in height in the starting position and arranged in the target position on a horizontal plane on the container, the resulting difference in length of the cable strands of the second rope is compensated by a corresponding circulation of the second rope around the deflection roller. The second rope has a fixed length and is raised only in total by the crane and together with the hoist.

The invention has for its object to provide a simple, compact and inexpensive arrangement with low weight and to find a working method for turning hanging loads, can be turned safely with the heavy cumbersome loads.

This object is achieved by an arrangement with the features of claim 1 and by a working method with the features of claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 11.

According to the invention, in an arrangement for turning a load, with a liftable by a lifting and lowering first support means with a first load hook and with a lifting motor driven by a hoist, via which a second suspension means with a second load hook is height adjustable, wherein the load a first abutment point on the first load hook and / or at a second abutment point spaced from the first abutment point is suspended on the second load hook and for turning the load via relative movements of the first load hook to the second load hook combined with a rotational movement of the first or second Supporting means hanging load about an axis of rotation, which coincides with the longitudinal extent of the first or second support means around is reversible, a simple, compact and inexpensive construction achieved in that required to turn the load lifting and lowering the load exclusively on the hoist with the first Supporting means and the first load hook takes place, the lifting motor of the hoist is designed so that only the dead weights the second support means, the second load hook and any necessary stop means are liftable, and the rotational movement takes place about the axis of rotation of the second support means around.

Hold means in the context of the invention that the load hook is blocked in the set, achieved height, so that when lowering the load on the hoist of the first support means, the weight of the load to the second support means is gradually passed. Since the second stop point - it can also be several attachment points - is spaced from the first attachment point, the load will turn around a transverse axis, the position of which results from the arrangement of the second attachment point to the first attachment point when lowering the first support means.

For the purposes of the invention, a load hook means any type of fastening means with which a load can be fastened to a suspension element.

The invention creates a quasi-static load reversal arrangement which reduces the function of lifting and lowering the load on only one of the suspension means, while the other suspension means is designed exclusively for holding the load. Due to this division, only the hoist for lifting a hoist motor, which is to be interpreted as before to the maximum weight of the load, while the second support means, which is designed only to hold the load, in the simplest case may be limited to a chain or a rope , Whose or the load hook is struck or hung on the second attachment point of the load.

Since, according to the invention, the second suspension element is provided exclusively for holding and not lifting the load, it has to be designed only statically on the weight of the maximum load to be held. The hoist motor when using a chain or cable, which does not have the task of lifting the load, must therefore be designed only for the power required to adjust the height of the at least one additional load hook along with the required stop means. As a result, the entire arrangement can be made smaller and lighter. Simply by reducing the lifting motor, which according to the invention only has to lift the low weight of the second support means, the weight of the arrangement is reduced in favor of the load capacity of the entire carrier crane clear.

By separating the functions lifting on the one hand and holding the load on the other hand and their division into the two support means of the arrangement according to the invention, there are significant advantages over the prior art. Thus, with the arrangement according to the invention, a small, compact and inexpensive solution is created with which even large loads can be safely and easily turned and for this purpose the load capacity of the lifting mechanism is sufficient. Due to the compact design of the hoist with the second support means and its proximity to the hoist of the first support means can also reduce the critical diagonal pull. Since the two support means operate independently, when using a rope or chain hoist as the second height-adjustable suspension means an adjustment of the lifting speeds of the two hoist motors of the support means is not required. The lifting motor of the second support means can be operated with only one speed.

A preferred embodiment provides that the second load hook of the second support means for attaching to the load to be turned on the height of the second attachment point can be raised or lowered and the second support means can be fixed after hooking the load hook to the second attachment point of the load at this altitude is.

It is advantageously provided that the hoist comprises a holding device, from which the second load hook can be fixed positively or non-positively in an altitude required for the turning operation.

It is particularly advantageous that the holding device and the second support means are designed with respect to their static load capacity to a maximum load to be held.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the hoist is a chain hoist and the second support means is a chain. The invention can thus rely on inexpensive, available as series parts on the market chain hoists with proven mechanics, which are selected according to the maximum load to be manipulated. For example, a chain hoist with a mechanic design of 5000 kg is chosen is, however, whose lifting motor is designed much weaker, for example, less than 100 kg, because this only has to raise the weight of load hook, slings and chain.

In an alternative embodiment, the hoist and the hoist are arranged together on a trolley and can thus be moved in the horizontal direction.

In addition, according to the invention, in a working method for turning a load, in which a first suspension hook can be lifted and lowered by a hoist with a first load hook and at a second height-adjustable suspension means with a second load hook via relative lifting and lowering movements of the first load hook to the second load hook combined with rotational movement of the load suspended on the first or second suspension means about an axis of rotation coincident with the longitudinal extent of the first or second suspension means, achieves a simple, compact and cost effective operation by virtue of the first load hook before lifting the load is connected via a centrally located at an upper side of the load provided first stop point with the load, the load is raised exclusively on the first support means of the hoist and for a first turning section, the second support means in a desired height e is set and the first support means is lowered while turning the load. With regard to the advantages associated therewith, reference is made to the above description of the arrangement.

It is particularly advantageous that the second suspension element with the second load hook is adjusted in height via a hoist driven by a hoist motor and the hoist motor of the hoist is designed so that only the dead weight of the second suspension element, the second load hook and any necessary stop means can be lifted are.

It is also advantageous that the turning of the load takes place in the first turn section by 90 °.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that after the first turning section for a second turning section of the first load hook is released from the load and the only hanging on the second load hook load is turned by 180 ° about the longitudinal axis of the second support means.

It is also advantageous that, after the second turning section for a third turning section, the first load hook is again fastened to another load point on the load, the second suspension element remains fixed in its vertical position and the first suspension element is lifted while the load is simultaneously turned.

• Figur 1 einen Laufkran mit einer Anordnung zum Wenden einer Last,
• Figur 2 bis Figur 9 eine Abfolge der einzelnen Arbeitsschritte zum Wenden der Last,
• Figur 10 eine Ansicht eines als Kettenzug ausgebildeten Hebezeugs als Teil der Anordnung zum Wenden der Last,
• Figur 11 eine Seitenansicht von Figur 10,
• Figur 12 eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht des Hebezeugs nach Figur entlang der Schnittlinie B-B und
• Figur 13 eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht des Hebezeugs nach Figur 11 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A.

The arrangement according to the invention and the working method for turning a load will be described and explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• FIG. 1 an overhead crane with an arrangement for turning a load,
• FIG. 2 to FIG. 9 a sequence of the individual work steps for turning the load,
• FIG. 10 a view of a hoist formed as a chain hoist as part of the arrangement for turning the load,
• FIG. 11 a side view of FIG. 10 .
• FIG. 12 a partially sectioned view of the hoist of Figure along the section line BB and
• FIG. 13 a partially cutaway view of the hoist to FIG. 11 along the section line AA.

In the FIG. 1 is a schematically drawn overhead crane 1 with an inventive arrangement for turning a load ¬ shown. The overhead crane 1 is shown as a single-carrier overhead crane; Double-girder overhead traveling cranes can be used as it were. On the support 2 of the overhead crane 1, the ends 3 are supported on both sides with trolleys 4 each on a crane runway 5, a trolley 6 with wheels 7 along the support 2, which also serves as a rail 8, movable. The trolley 6 carries a hoist 9 for a schematically illustrated load 10 which is suspended on a load hook 11 of a first support means 12 and lowered. The load 10 is provided with a plurality of attachment points A to C for the first support means 12 and a further to be described second support means 15.

The schematically illustrated load 10 is substantially cuboid and has centrally on an upper side surface of the first stop point a. The second attachment point b is centrally provided on the right side surface. A third attachment point c is arranged on the lower side surface and thus the first attachment point a opposite. The three attachment points a to c are formed in the present embodiment as eyelets, so that the first load hook 11 and a second load hook 16 can be easily struck thereto. It will be understood that the load 10 to be turned may have any desired shape and then the required attachment points a to c may be provided either in the form of corresponding eyelets or screw-on eyelets or other stop means such as rope loops on the load.

On the rail 8, a hoist 14, which is designed in particular as a special chain hoist, is suspended in addition via a hoist gear 13. The hoist trolley 13 is driven and connected via a coupling rod 29 with the trolley 6. The hoist 14 has a further second support means 15, which is designed as a chain and to which a second load hook 16 is attached. The second load hook 16 can be stopped at a second stop point b spaced from the first attachment point a of the load 10. The hoist 14, which will be described later in more detail, is statically designed for the maximum weight of the load 10; the hoist motor is dimensioned according to the dead weight of the second support means 15 and the second load hook 16, but not designed to lift the load 10.

In principle, it is also possible to attach or suspend the hoist 14 on the trolley 6.

The invention can be explained most simply by means of a turning process of the load 10, which in the sequence of FIGS. 2 to 9 is shown. Here, the hoist 14 in addition to the hoist 9 has the function of a load turning device.

In the FIG. 2 is the load 10, as the arrow symbolize to be raised and is suspended at the first attachment point a by means of the first support means 12 of the hoist 9 on the trolley 6. The second attachment point b on the right side of the load 10 is not yet occupied; but can be seen the freely suspended second support means 15 (the load hook is not shown), which is provided, but not yet

Attachment point b is attached.

The FIG. 3 shows the load 10 is raised, as can be seen by the schematically illustrated distance of the load 10 from the bottom 17. Meanwhile, the second suspension element 15 has been struck at the second attachment point b of the load 10. By shortening the second support means 15 of the second hoist 14, the second support means 15 is slightly tensioned, but does not raise the load 10 in this case. The second support means 15 is tracked only the lifting movement of the first support means 12. This process is indicated by the direction of the arrow coinciding with the second support means 15.

In FIG. 4 the load 10 can be seen to be lowered by lowering the first suspension element 12, but the second suspension element 15 remains fixed, so that the turning process of the load 10 is suspended by the second attachment point b on the second suspension element 15. The fixing of the chain of the second support means 15 is symbolized by the transverse line 18.

In FIG. 5 the load is completely on the second support means 15, the first support means 12 is free of load and can be solved by the first attachment point a.

The FIG. 6 shows that in this position at the second attachment point b and the second support means 15 hanging the load 10, as the curved turning arrow shows, is rotated by 180 ° about its vertical axis.

After rotation of the load 10 by 180 °, the first support means 12 is struck on the third stop point c on the first abutment point a opposite side of the load 10. Then, the hoist 9 of the trolley 6 is operated to lift the load 10 with the first support means 12, as in FIG. 7 shown.

The FIG. 8 shows that in still unchanged altitude of the second attachment point b, ie fixed second support means 15, the load 10 is further raised by the first support means 12 in the arrow direction and thereby turned further until the previous bottom of the load 10 is rotated upwards. This can be seen on the orientation bar 19 shown graphically in the load 10.

In FIG. 9 is the turned load 10 after lowering the first support means 12 in the direction of arrow or lowering the hoist 9 after previous release of the second support means 15 from the second attachment point b shown. The load 10 is opposite in one FIG. 2 180 ° turned position on the ground 17. During the entire turning process, whose beginning in FIG. 4 is shown, the second support means 15 has not been changed in height and thus has performed no lifting function. The second support means 15 was used exclusively for holding the load 10, while all lifting operations of the load 10 were performed by the first support means 12.

In FIG. 10 the hoist 14 is shown schematically in training as a chain hoist, as it is preferably used in the inventive arrangement for driving the second support means 15 for use. The hoist 14 consists essentially of the suspended from the hoist undercarriage 13 housing 21, in which a transmission is integrated, the second designed as a chain support means 15 with the chain memory 22 and the second load hook 16. The second support means 15 is to that of the lifting motor 23rd driven sprocket 24 out, so that the second load hook 17 can be raised and lowered. The lifting motor 23 is flanged to the housing 24 and passes the drive torque in the gears 25 of the transmission (see FIG. 13 ).

The FIG. 11 shows a side view of FIG. 10 In order to show that the lift motor 23 can only move the second support means 15 and the load hook 16, this has been shown to be relatively small.

The FIG. 12 shows the hoist 14 of the FIG. 11 in a partially sectioned view along the section line BB with a view into the housing 21 on the side facing away from the lifting motor 23 side. In the schematic representation, a brake can be seen, which acts on the input shaft 28 of the transmission and with which the chain hoist 14 is blocked. When the brake 26 is released, the load hanging on the load hook 17 is held solely by the mechanical parts of the hoist 14; the lifting motor 23 is not loaded. The release of the brake 26 takes place only after the weight of the load 10 has been removed from the second load hook 16 or taken over by the first support means 12, so that the driven lift motor 23 only has to move a second support means 15 and the second load hook 16.

In the FIG. 13 is a partial section through the housing 21 along the section line AA in FIG. 10 as seen from above. Evident are the mutually meshing gears 25. It is seen that the drive torque is introduced from the small-sized lifting motor 23 via the input shaft 27 and passed through the gears 25 with appropriate translation via an output shaft 30 to the sprocket 24. On the common extended output shaft 30 of sprocket 24 and one of the gears 25, the brake 26 is provided on the side remote from the sprocket 24 side. Instead of the brake 26, a correspondingly large-sized pawl may be provided with a ratchet wheel, with which the holding forces can be taken with the load 10 attached.

When holding the load 10, the lifting motor 27 is completely relieved of the holding forces of the load and is only after releasing or deactivating the pawl or the brake 26 active. However, this is done only in the load-free state, so that the lifting motor 23 when lifting only the self-weight forces of the second support means 15 and the second load hook 16 must accommodate.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

overhead crane

2

carrier

3

end up

4

landing gear

5

crane runway

6

trolley

7

bikes

8th

rail

9

hoist

10

load

11

first load hook

12

first suspension means

13

Hoist chassis

14

hoist

15

second suspension means

16

second load hook

17

ground

18

slash

19

orientation bar

20

Suspension bracket

21

casing

22

chain box

23

Lifting motor

24

gipsy

25

gears

26

brake

27

input shaft

28

wave

29

coupling rod

30

output shaft

a

first stop point

b

second stop point

c

third stop point

Claims (11)

1. Arrangement for turning over a load (10), having a first carrying means (12) which can be raised and lowered by a lifting appliance (9) and which has a first load hook (11), and having a lifting unit (14), driven by a lifting motor (23), by means of which a second carrying means (15) having a second load hook (16) can be adjusted in the heightwise direction, the load (10) being suspended from the first load hook (11) at a first point of attachment (a) and/or from the second load hook (16) at a second point of attachment (b) spaced away from the first point of attachment (a) and, for the load (10) to be turned over, being able to be turned round by means of movements of the first load hook (11) relative to the second load hook (16) combined with a rotary movement of the load (10), when suspended from the first or second carrying means (12, 15), on an axis of rotation which coincides with the longitudinal extent of the first or second carrying means (12, 15), characterised in that the raising or lowering of the load (10) required for turning over the load (10) is performed solely by the lifting appliance (9) having the first carrying means (12) and the first load hook (11), the lifting motor (23) of the lifting unit (14) is so designed that only the dead weights of the second carrying means (15), the second load hook (16) and any means of attachment which may be required can be lifted, and the rotary movement takes place on the axis of rotation of the second carrying means (15).
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the second load hook (16) belonging to the second carrying means (15) can be raised or lowered to the level of the second attachment point (b) to allow it to be fastened to the load (10) intended for turning over, and once the load hook (17) has been hooked onto the second attachment point (b) on the load (10) the second carrying means can be locked in this vertical position.
3. Arrangement according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the lifting unit (14) comprises a holding arrangement by which the second load hook (16) can be locked by positive interengagement or friction in a vertical position required for the turning-over process.
4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterised in that, in respect of their load-bearing capacity, the holding arrangement and the second carrying means (15) are designed for a maximum load (10) to be held.
5. Arrangement according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the lifting unit (14) is a chain hoist and the second carrying means (15) is a chain.
6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the lifting appliance (9) and the lifting unit (14) are arranged on a common trolley (6).
7. Method of operation for turning over a load, in particular by using an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which a load (10) suspended from a first carrying means (12) which has a first load hook (11) and can be raised and lowered by a lifting appliance (9) and suspended from a second carrying means (15) which has a second load hook (16) and is able to be adjusted in the heightwise direction is, by means of raising and lowering movements of the first load hook (11) relative to the second load hook (16) combined with a rotary movement of the load (10) when suspended from the first or second carrying means (12, 15), turned round on an axis of rotation which coincides with the longitudinal extent of the first or second carrying means (12, 15), characterised in that, before the load (10) is lifted, the first load hook (11) is connected to the load (10) by means of a first point of attachment (a) provided in the centre of an upper side of the load (10), the load (10) is lifted by the lifting appliance (9) solely by means of the first carrying means (12), and, for a first part of the turning over, the second carrying means (15) is locked in a desired vertical position and the first carrying means (12) is lowered while simultaneously beginning to turn the load (10) over.
8. Method of operation according to claim 7, characterised in that the second carrying means (15) having the second load hook (16) is adjusted in the heightwise direction by means of a lifting unit (14) driven by a lifting motor (23), and the lifting motor (23) of the lifting unit (14) is so designed that only the dead weights of the second carrying means (15), the second load hook (16) and any means of attachment which may be required can be lifted.
9. Method of operation according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that in the first part of the turning-over of the load (10) takes place through 90°.
10. Method of operation according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that, after the first part of the turning-over, for a second part of the turning-over the first load hook (11) is detached from the load (10) and the load (10), which is now suspended only from the second load hook (16), is rotated through 180° on the longitudinal axis of the second carrying means (15).
11. Method of operation according to claim 10, characterised in that, after the second part of the turning-over, for a third part of the turning-over the first load hook (12) is refastened to the load (10), the second carrying means (15) remains locked in its vertical position and the first carrying means (12) is lifted while simultaneously finishing turning the load (10) over.

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