EP3448796B1 - Crane having a counterweight adjustment device, and method for adjusting a counterweight on a crane - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crane with a counterweight adjustment device and a method for adjusting a counterweight on such a crane.

US 2013/0 161 278 A1 discloses the displacement of a counterweight by means of a hydraulic cylinder on a crane superstructure. The displacement path, i.e. the adjustable counterweight radius, is limited and in particular depends on the travel of the hydraulic cylinder.

For a shift of the counterweight beyond the crane superstructure is according to US 2013/098860 A1 it is necessary to reload the counterweights onto a telescopic counterweight carrier. According to the DE 20 2014 007 894 U1 a telescopic frame can be extended using a separate drive. DE 20 2014 007 894 U1 discloses the preamble of claims 1 and 13.

The British patent application GB 2 442 139 A relates to a camera crane with a telescopic arm and a counterweight assembly that includes a slidable counterweight carrier to compensate for the movements of the camera and prevent the camera crane from tipping over.

The patent EP 0 368 463 B1 relates to a crane with a counterweight support arm, on which a received counterweight can be moved by means of a counterweight carrier. The counterweight support arm is designed to be extendable and consists of a large number of connected segments. By connecting the segments, two positions of the counterweight support arm can be set and then the counterweight can be moved along the counterweight support arm.

It is the object of the present invention to improve the possibilities for adjusting a counterweight on a crane, in particular the effort for adjusting the counterweight to be reduced.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a crane with a counterweight adjustment device with the features specified in claim 1 and by a method with the features specified in claim 13.

According to the invention, it was recognized that a crane with an undercarriage, an uppercarriage that can be pivoted about an axis of rotation to the undercarriage, a counterweight unit and a counterweight adjustment device, a telescopic frame attached to the uppercarriage with a telescopic longitudinal beam, a counterweight unit arranged displaceably along the frame, a drive unit for the driven Moving the counterweight unit on the frame and a kinematics unit that can be coupled to the drive unit for driven telescoping of the frame, with a cantilever element being attached to a rear end of the longitudinal beam facing away from the axis of rotation, the counterweight unit being displaceable along the frame in the area of the upper carriage up to the cantilever element , the counterweight unit can be fastened on the cantilever element and the counterweight unit can be telescoped in and out of the cantilever element with the frame. In particular, there is no need for an additional drive unit for telescoping the frame. In particular, only a single drive unit is provided. In particular, it is possible to combine the entire counterweight of a crane, that is to say in particular a central ballast, a superstructure counterweight and a superlift counterweight, in a counterweight and to arrange it on the superstructure of the crane. This increases the efficiency with regard to the counterweight shift. The counterweight adjustment device enables an effective counterweight shift. In particular, additional counterweights are unnecessary. Adjusting the counterweight is improved. A counterweight unit is displaceably arranged on a frame. The frame is designed to be telescopic. By telescoping the frame, an additional displacement of the counterweight is possible, in particular together with the telescoped part of the frame. In particular, the counterweight adjustment takes place in two stages. In a first stage, the counterweight unit is shifted on the frame, in particular up to an end position on a cantilever element. In particular, the frame is not telescoped in the first stage. In a second stage, the counterweight is shifted by telescoping the frame. The counterweight unit can be designed in several parts and in particular have a plurality of counterweight elements, in particular stacked one on top of the other, which are in particular designed in plate form. The counterweight unit can also have two stacks of, arranged next to one another, in particular at a distance from one another Have counterweight elements. The counterweight unit can be displaced starting from a minimum counterweight radius, which is in particular 0, up to a maximum counterweight radius. The minimum counterweight radius can also be negative. This means that the counterweight is arranged on the superstructure between the axis of rotation and the boom. The shifting takes place exclusively by means of the drive unit. The counterweight radius is defined as the radial distance from an axis of rotation, with respect to which an upper carriage is rotatably arranged on an undercarriage of a crane. As a result of the counterweight adjustment device, the entire range of the adjustable counterweight radius remains usable in order to adapt the position of the counterweight unit to the requirements of a crane configuration and a load. The stability of the crane to the rear is maintained even if the uppercarriage counterweight is increased, since the uppercarriage counterweight is mounted so that it can be moved. Due to an improved mass distribution, in particular with and without a load on the crane, the introduction of force into the ground via the crane undercarriage is improved. The counterweight adjustment device increases the flexibility of the use of the crane, in particular with regard to its maneuverability. Because the entire counterweight can be arranged in the counterweight unit on the crane's superstructure, the crane can move at any point in time of a lift and the superstructure can be rotated relative to the undercarriage.

A guide unit according to claim 2 enables an advantageous displacement of the counterweight unit on the frame. The guide unit can be, for example, a guide rail, in particular a linear guide, which is arranged in particular on an upper side of the longitudinal beam. A driven displacement element of the drive unit can be displaced linearly along the guide rail. The guided displacement of the counterweight unit takes place indirectly through the driven displacement of the displacement element, which can be coupled to the counterweight unit.

Alternatively, the guide unit, in particular as part of the drive unit, can be designed in the form of a force transmission element, in particular in the form of a revolving roller chain, to which the counterweight unit can be coupled and thus displaced in a guided manner.

A fastening of the counterweight unit on the cantilever element according to claim 1 ensures a safe displacement of the counterweight unit during the telescoping of the frame.

A longitudinal beam according to claim 3 ensures a reliable and multiple telescoping in order to realize larger counterweight radii with the shortest possible basic length of the crane, in particular the crane superstructure. In particular, the longitudinal beam comprises an external base box and at least one telescopic element arranged therein, in particular a first telescopic element and a second telescopic element arranged in the first telescopic element. Telescopic elements, so-called inner boxes, which are nested multiple times in one another, are also possible. In particular, the basic box and the inner boxes have contours similar to one another. In particular, the contours are rectangular. Other cross-sectional contours are also conceivable.

An embodiment with two longitudinal members according to claim 4 enables an advantageous arrangement of the counterweight adjustment device symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the superstructure. A free space arranged between the longitudinal members enables an advantageous, because space-saving, integration of the counterweight adjustment device on the upper carriage of the crane. Functional components of the crane can be arranged in the free space, such as an A-frame, boom and / or cable winches. In particular, the frame is arranged with a longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the superstructure. In particular, the longitudinal axis of the frame and the longitudinal axis of the superstructure are arranged in a common vertical plane, which in particular contains the axis of rotation with respect to which the upper carriage is rotatably arranged on the undercarriage.

A locking unit according to claim 5 enables a defined locking of the counterweight unit on the cantilever element, in particular during the telescoping of the frame. The locking unit can have a locking element of the counterweight unit and a locking counter element of the cantilever element. The locking element and the counter-locking element can be locked to one another, in particular, in an uncomplicated and time-saving manner. In particular, these are corresponding tabs that can be locked by means of a bolt.

A division of the entire counterweight of the crane into the counterweight unit and an additional cantilever counterweight according to claim 6 enables the counterweight unit to be reduced, that is to say a reduction in the mass and / or the volume, in particular the height, of the counterweight unit. As a result, the height of the center of gravity of the counterweight adjustment device can be reduced. The height of the crane's center of gravity is reduced. The crane, in particular the superstructure, can be moved in a more stable manner. In addition, it is possible to make the frame and in particular the longitudinal beam smaller. The size is reduced. The additional cantilever counterweight is anchored in particular on an underside of the cantilever element.

A displacement element according to claim 7 enables uncomplicated displacement of the counterweight unit. The counterweight unit can be coupled directly to the displacement element and can be displaced along the guide unit.

An embodiment of the kinematic unit according to claim 8 ensures an advantageous coupling of the at least one telescopic element with the displacement element by means of a cable pull system. The cable pull system is, in particular, a circumferential, closed cable pull system. The cable pull system comprises a first pull-out cable and a first return cable, which are in particular connected to one another.

A second cable system according to claim 9 simplifies the multiple telescoping capability of the frame. The second cable pull system is designed in particular to be open and has a second pull-out rope and a second return rope. The second cable pull system comprises a pull-out rope pulley and a return rope pulley, which are each attached to the telescopic telescopic element of the side member.

In an alternative embodiment of the drive unit according to claim 10, a direct coupling of the drive unit to the counterweight unit is possible. The drive unit comprises a rotatably driven rotary element and a force transmission element which interacts therewith and which is designed in particular as a revolving roller chain. The rotating roller chain can be used directly Serve relocating the counterweight unit.

A displaceability of the rotary element according to claim 11 enables the rotary element to be arranged in different positions. In a first position, the rotary element interacts directly with the first force transmission element in order to displace the counterweight unit.

In the first position, the rotary element is out of engagement with the kinematics unit. By displacing the rotary element along a coupling direction which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotary element, the rotary element is displaced into a second position. In the second position, the rotary element is in engagement with the kinematic unit for telescoping the frame. In the second position, the rotary element is out of engagement with the first force transmission element.

A second power transmission element according to claim 12 enables the longitudinal member to be advantageously telescoped.

A method according to claim 13 enables the counterweight unit to be advantageously displaced on the crane.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Krans gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform mit einer Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung in einer nichtteleskopierten Anordnung,
• Fig. 2 eine Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung mit der Gegengewichtsverstellung in teleskopierter Anordnung,
• Fig. 3 eine schematische Draufsicht auf den Kran gemäß Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Kran in teleskopierter Anordnung,
• Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung in einer Anordnung der Gegengewichtseinheit mit minimalem Gegengewichtsradius,
• Fig. 6 eine Fig. 5 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung mit am Gestell verlagerter Gegengewichtseinheit,
• Fig. 7 eine Fig. 5 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung in einer zumindest teilweise teleskopierten Anordnung,
• Fig. 8 eine Fig. 5 entsprechende Darstellung einer Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
• Fig. 9 eine Fig. 6 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 8,
• Fig. 10 eine Fig. 7 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 8,
• Fig. 11 eine Fig. 5 entsprechende Darstellung einer Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
• Fig. 12 eine Fig. 11 entsprechende Darstellung, wobei ein Drehelement zum Koppeln mit der Kinematikeinheit entlang einer Kopplungsrichtung verlagert ist,
• Fig. 13 eine Fig. 6 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 11,
• Fig. 14 eine Fig. 7 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung bei 1-facher Teleskopierung,
• Fig. 15 eine Fig. 13 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung bei 2-facher Teleskopierung in einer ersten Teleskopier-Stufe,
• Fig. 16 eine Fig. 15 entsprechende Darstellung der Gegengewichtsverstellvorrichtung bei 2-facher Teleskopierung zur Vorbereitung einer zweiten Teleskopier-Stufe,
• Fig. 17 eine Fig. 16 entsprechende Darstellung nach Abschluss der zweiten Teleskopier-Stufe,
• Fig. 18 eine Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung eines Krans gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform, und
• Fig. 19 eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung des Krans gemäß Fig. 18.

Further advantageous configurations, additional features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• Fig. 1 a schematic side view of a crane according to a first embodiment with a counterweight adjustment device in a non-telescoped arrangement,
• Fig. 2 a Fig. 1 corresponding representation with the counterweight adjustment in a telescopic arrangement,
• Fig. 3 a schematic plan view of the crane according to Fig. 1 ,
• Fig. 4 a schematic top view of a crane in a telescopic arrangement,
• Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a counterweight adjustment device according to the invention in an arrangement of the counterweight unit with a minimal counterweight radius,
• Fig. 6 a Fig. 5 Corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device with the counterweight unit displaced on the frame,
• Fig. 7 a Fig. 5 corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device in an at least partially telescopic arrangement,
• Fig. 8 a Fig. 5 corresponding representation of a counterweight adjustment device according to a further embodiment,
• Fig. 9 a Fig. 6 corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device according to Fig. 8 ,
• Fig. 10 a Fig. 7 corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device according to Fig. 8 ,
• Fig. 11 a Fig. 5 corresponding representation of a counterweight adjustment device according to a further embodiment,
• Fig. 12 a Fig. 11 corresponding representation, with a rotary element for coupling to the kinematic unit being displaced along a coupling direction,
• Fig. 13 a Fig. 6 corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device according to Fig. 11 ,
• Fig. 14 a Fig. 7 corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device with 1-fold telescoping,
• Fig. 15 a Fig. 13 Corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device with 2-fold telescoping in a first telescoping stage,
• Fig. 16 a Fig. 15 corresponding representation of the counterweight adjustment device in the case of double telescoping in preparation for a second telescoping stage,
• Fig. 17 a Fig. 16 corresponding display after completion of the second telescoping stage,
• Fig. 18 a Fig. 1 corresponding representation of a crane according to a further embodiment, and
• Fig. 19 a Fig. 2 corresponding representation of the crane according to Fig. 18 .

An in Figs. 1 to 4 The crane 1 shown is a crawler crane. The crane 1 is a mobile crane. The crane 1 has an undercarriage 2 with a crawler chassis 3. The crane 1 is supported by the undercarriage 2 on a floor 26. Instead of the crawler chassis 3, the crane 1 can also have a road chassis. The undercarriage 2 has a central part 4, to which a caterpillar carrier 5 is attached to each side. The caterpillars 5 are aligned parallel to a direction of travel 6 predetermined by the crawler chassis 3.

On the undercarriage 2, an uppercarriage 8 is arranged rotatably about a vertical axis of rotation 9 via a rotary connection 7. The upper carriage 8 has an upper carriage frame 10. A cabin 11 for a crane operator is attached to the upper carriage frame 10. A main boom 13 is articulated on the upper carriage frame 10 so as to be pivotable about a boom axis 12. A bracing unit 14 for the main boom 13 is arranged on the upper carriage frame 10. The guying unit 14 comprises a guying frame 15 pivotably linked to the superstructure 8 18 led.

The superstructure 8 has a longitudinal axis 21 of the superstructure. The superstructure frame 10 is designed symmetrically to the superstructure longitudinal axis 21. The superstructure frame 10 is arranged symmetrically to the superstructure longitudinal axis 21. In relation to the axis of rotation 9, the superstructure frame is not attached to the rotary joint 7 in a rotationally symmetrical manner. At a front end of the superstructure frame 10 the cabin 11 is arranged. The pivot axis 12 with the articulated main boom 13 is arranged at the front end of the superstructure frame 10. The front end of the superstructure frame 1 0 closes essentially flush with the rotary connection 7. It is also conceivable that the front end of the superstructure 10 protrudes at the rotary connection 7 along the longitudinal axis 21 of the upper structure.

At a rear end opposite the front end, the superstructure frame 10 protrudes along the superstructure longitudinal axis 21 on the rotary joint 7. In particular, the rear end of the upper carriage frame 10 protrudes far enough that, in an arrangement according to FIG Fig. 3 , in which the upper carriage longitudinal axis 21 is oriented parallel to the direction of travel 6, protrudes from the caterpillar girders 5.

A counterweight adjustment device 19 is arranged on the upper carriage 8. The counterweight adjustment device 19 comprises a telescopic frame 20 which is designed like a frame and is firmly connected to the upper carriage 8 and can in particular be fastened to the upper carriage frame 10. A rotation of the superstructure 8 about the axis of rotation 9 automatically causes a rotary movement of the counterweight adjustment device 19. The frame 20 is shown in the plan view according to FIG Fig. 3 , 4th essentially designed as an open rectangular profile.

The counterweight adjustment device 19 is articulated on the upper carriage 8 at a front end facing the cabin 11 so that it can rotate about an axis of rotation 80 parallel to the pivot axis 12. At a rear end arranged opposite the front end, the counterweight adjustment device 19 is rigidly coupled to the upper carriage 8. As a result, rotation about the axis of rotation 80 is blocked.

The frame 20 has two telescopic longitudinal members 22 which are fastened to a cantilever element 23 at the rear end facing away from the axis of rotation 9. The two longitudinal members 22 are connected to one another via the cantilever element 23. The cantilever element 23 can be supported on the floor 26 via a support device 27. The support device 27 comprises at least one, preferably height-adjustable, vertical support 28 and at least one base plate 29 connected to it.

A counterweight unit 24 is arranged on the frame 20. The counterweight unit 24 comprises two counterweight stacks which are spaced apart from one another in relation to the upper carriage longitudinal axis 21. Each counterweight stack has a plurality of plate-shaped counterweight elements 25 stacked on top of one another. In the in Fig. 1 The arrangement shown, the counterweight unit 24 is arranged on the frame 20 and has a counterweight radius up. The counterweight radius is defined as the radial distance between the counterweight unit 24 and the axis of rotation 9. The counterweight unit 24 can be displaced along the frame 20 between the minimum counterweight radius r _min to r _max = l ₁ . The minimum counterweight radius r _min is, for example, 0 if the counterweight unit is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation 9. The minimum counterweight radius r _min can also be negative if the counterweight unit 24 is arranged between the axis of rotation 9 and the main boom 13 on the upper carriage 8. The length h essentially corresponds to the distance between the axis of rotation 9 and the rear end of the frame 20 plus half the length of the cantilever element 23, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 2 the frame20 is telescoped a maximum of 2 times. The counterweight unit 24 is arranged on the cantilever element 23. In this arrangement according to Fig. 2 the counterweight unit 24 is arranged with a maximum counterweight radius r _max with respect to the axis of rotation 9. The counterweight elements 25 are stacked on a counterweight element carriage 62, which can be rolled off by means of wheels 63 or rollers on the upper side 34 of the base box 30.

The counterweight adjustment device 19 has an in Figs. 1 to 4 Drive unit not shown in more detail in order to displace the counterweight unit 24 on the frame 20 in a driven manner.

The counterweight adjustment device 19 has an in Figs. 1 to 4 Kinematics unit, not shown in detail, which can be coupled to a drive unit in order to telescope the frame 20 in a driven manner.

The counterweight adjustment device 19 according to a first exemplary embodiment in FIG Figures 5 to 7 explained in more detail. Figures 5 to 7 show schematic Side views accordingly Fig. 1 and 2 .

The longitudinal support 22 has an outer base box 30, a first telescopic element 31 arranged in the base box 30 and a second telescopic element 32 arranged in the first telescopic element 31. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal beam 22 has only one telescopic element or more than two telescopic elements. The telescopic elements 31, 32 can be telescoped with respect to the basic box 30 independently of one another in combination with one another. It is also possible to extend more than one telescopic element and in particular all of the telescopic elements with respect to the base box 30. The telescopic elements can be extended in a coupled manner, in particular simultaneously, or sequentially, that is to say one after the other. The base box 30 is mounted along the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal member 22 at a front and rear end, that is to say on both sides along the longitudinal axis, on the upper carriage 8 by means of a bearing 33 in each case. In the Fig. 5 Bearing 33 shown on the left corresponds to the rotary bearing around the axis of rotation 80, which is provided by the rigid bearing at the rear end of the base box 30 in FIG Fig. 5 shown on the right is blocked.

In the arrangement of the counterweight unit 24 according to FIG Fig. 5 this is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation 9. In this arrangement the counterweight radius is minimal. The following applies: r = r _min = 0. The minimum counterweight radius r _min can also be smaller than 0. The minimum counterweight radius can also be set greater than 0. This can be determined in particular as a function of the structural design of the counterweight unit 24.

It is essential that the foremost position of the counterweight unit 24, which defines the minimum counterweight radius r _min , is arranged within the tilting edges of the base of the crane 1. The tilting edges are defined essentially along a rectangle by the standing surface of the crane, that is to say in particular by the length of the crawler carriers and the track width of the crawler carriers in a crawler crane.

A guide unit 35 for guided displacement of the counterweight unit 24 is provided on an upper side 34 of the longitudinal beams 22, in particular of the respective base box 30. The guide unit 35 has a guide rail 36 which is arranged on the base box 30 by means of guide unit bearings 37. The Guide rail 36 is linear and defines a linear guide axis 38. A displacement element 39 can be displaced in a driven manner along the guide axis 38 on the guide rail 36. The displacement element 39 forms a drive unit. The displacement element 39 can be coupled directly to the counterweight unit 24 by means of a coupling element 40. In the coupled arrangement according to Fig. 5 A displacement of the displacement element 39 along the guide axis 38 directly causes a displacement of the counterweight unit 24. In a decoupled arrangement, the counterweight unit 24 is released from the displacement element 39. A displacement of the displacement element 39 does not cause any displacement of the counterweight unit 24.

According to the in Figures 5 to 7 The illustrated embodiment of the counterweight adjustment device 19, the kinematics unit 41 has a closed, circumferential first cable system. The first cable pull system comprises a first pull-out cable 42, which is connected at both ends to the ends of a first return cable 43 at a first connection point 44 and at a second connection point 45. The first connection point 44 is attached to the upper side 34 of the round box 30. The first connection point is arranged in the region of the guide unit mounting 37, which faces the cantilever element 23. The first connection point 44 is arranged adjacent to the cantilever element 23.

The second connection point 45 is arranged on the first telescopic element 31. The displacement element 39 can be coupled to the first telescopic element 31 via the cable pull system.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 5 the first cable pull system is decoupled from the displacement element 39.

In Fig. 5 is by a connecting line 46 a bracing of the cantilever element 23 with a tip of an in Fig. 1 and 2 not shown superlift mast of a crane indicated. A crane 78 with a superlift mast 79 is in Fig. 18 , 19th shown.

The kinematics unit 41 also has a second cable pull system. The second The cable pull system is designed to be open and has a second pull-out cable 47 and a second return cable 148. The ropes 47, 48 are not connected to one another. The second pull-out cable 47 is fastened with a first end 49 to a rear wall 50 of the second telescopic element 32 facing away from the cantilever element 23. With a second end 51, the second pull-out cable 47 is attached to a rear wall 52 of the base box 30 facing away from the cantilever element 23. The second pull-out rope 47 is guided over a pull-out rope deflection pulley 53 which is rotatably mounted on a pull-out rope pulley carrier 54. The pull-out rope pulley carrier 54 is attached to a rear wall 55 of the first telescopic element 31 facing away from the cantilever element 23.

The second return rope 48 is fastened with a first end 56 to a rear wall 57 of the cantilever element 23 facing away from the longitudinal beam 22. A second end 58 of the second return rope 48 is attached to an end face 59 of the base box 30 facing the cantilever element 23. The second return rope 148 is guided around a rotatably mounted return rope deflection pulley 60. The return rope deflection pulley 60 is fastened to the rear wall 55 of the first telescopic element 31 by means of a return rope deflection pulley carrier 61.

The following is based on the Figures 5 to 7 a method for adjusting a counterweight, in particular the counterweight unit 24, is explained.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 5 the counterweight unit is arranged with a minimum counterweight radius of, for example, r _min = 0. In this arrangement, the counterweight unit 24 is coupled to the displacement element 39 by means of the coupling element 40.

The displacement unit 39 is displaced along the guide axis 38. As a result, the counterweight unit 24 is displaced directly guided along the guide unit 35, in particular from the axis of rotation 9 in the direction of the cantilever element 23. In a maximally displaced arrangement according to FIG Fig. 6 the displacement unit 39 is arranged at an end of the guide unit 35 facing the cantilever element 23. The counterweight unit 24 is arranged on the cantilever element 23. In this arrangement the counterweight radius r corresponds to the length b according to FIG Fig. 1 . In this arrangement the The coupling between the counterweight unit 24 and the displacement element 39 is released. The coupling element 40 can be used to couple the displacement element 39 to the first cable pull system, in particular at the first connection point 44.

The counterweight unit 24 is locked on the cantilever element 23 by means of a locking unit 64. For this purpose, the counterweight unit 24 has a locking element which cooperates with a locking counter-element of the cantilever element 23. In the locked arrangement according to Fig. 6 the counterweight unit 24 is reliably and securely fastened to the cantilever element 23.

The displacement element 39 is then displaced back into the starting position according to FIG Fig. 5 , so in the direction of the rear wall 52 of the base box 30. This relocation is in Fig. 7 shown. When the displacement element 39 is displaced back, it pulls the cable pull system along at the second connection point 44. At the same time, the second connection point 45, which is attached directly to the cable pull system, is also pulled along. The connection point 45 that is pulled along causes a linear displacement of the first telescopic element 31. With the first telescopic element 31, the pull-out rope pulley carrier 54 with the pull-out rope pulley 53 is displaced. As a result, the rope section of the second pull-out rope 47, which is arranged between the first end 49 and the pull-out rope deflection pulley 53, is shortened. As a result, the second telescopic element 32 is also extended. The telescoping according to the exemplary embodiment of the counterweight adjustment device 19 is dependent, which means that the two telescopic elements 31, 32 extend simultaneously, the extension speed of the cantilever element 23 corresponding to 1.5 times the speed of the displacement element 39. The counterweight unit 24 is telescoped with the cantilever element 23. The counterweight radius can be increased significantly to b. In particular, the maximum counterweight radius rmax is a multiple, in particular at least 1.5 times, in particular at least twice, in particular at least 2.5 times and in particular at least 3 times the length l ₁ .

The counterweight adjustment device is retracted in the reverse order. By moving the adjusting element 39 back into the position according to FIG Fig. 6 caused due to the coupling at the first connection point 44 that the first return rope 43 is pulled towards the cantilever element 23. The first telescopic element 31 is drawn into the base box via the return rope 43 and the second connection point 45. With the first telescopic element 31, the return rope pulley 60 attached to it is also telescoped in, so that the section of the second return rope 48 that is attached between the return rope pulley 60 and the first end 56 on the rear wall 57 of the cantilever element 23 is shortened. The second telescopic element is automatically retracted.

In the following, with reference to the Figs. 8-10 described another embodiment of the invention. Structurally identical parts are given the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, the description of which is hereby referred to. Parts that are structurally different but functionally identical have the same reference numerals with an a after them.

The main difference of the counterweight adjustment device 19a is that an additional cantilever counterweight 65 is provided. With the additional cantilever element counterweight 65, the mass and in particular the stacking height of the counterweight elements 25 of the counterweight unit 24 can be reduced. Because the weight of the counterweight unit 24 to be displaced along the longitudinal beam 22 is reduced, the longitudinal beams, in particular the base box 30 and the telescopic elements 31 and 32 arranged therein, can be made smaller, that is to say designed to be smaller. It is particularly conceivable to reduce the number of counterweight elements 25.

The cantilever counterweight 65 is attached to an underside 66 of the cantilever element 23. Due to the eccentric, ie eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation 9, arrangement of the cantilever element counterweight 65, the counterweight adjustment device 19a according to this embodiment has the arrangement according to Fig. 8 already has an effective counterweight radius r _{eff which differs} from 0, although the counterweight unit 24 is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation 9.

It is possible to arrange and fasten the counterweight adjustment device 19a on the upper carriage 8 in such a way that the counterweight unit 24 with respect to the Axis of rotation 9 is arranged opposite the cantilever counterweight 65 in order to generate an effective counterweight radius of r _eff = 0.

Another difference compared to the first embodiment is that the second end 51a of the second pull-out rope 47 and the second end 58a of the second return rope 48 are each designed to be unsecured. When the counterweight adjustment device 19a is actuated by displacing the displacement element 39 with the coupled kinematics unit 41, only the first telescopic element 31 is telescoped. The second telescopic element 32 is telescoped together with the first telescopic element 31. However, there is no adjustment of the second telescopic element 32 with respect to the first telescopic element 31.

In the following, with reference to the Figs. 11-17 described another embodiment of the invention. Structurally identical parts are given the same reference numerals as in the first embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Parts that are structurally different but functionally identical have the same reference numerals with a subsequent b.

The main difference compared to the previous embodiments is that, in the counterweight adjustment device 19b, the drive unit has a rotary element 68 that is rotatably driven about an axis of rotation 67. The rotary element 68 is in particular a gear. The rotary element 68 can in particular be driven rotatably in both directions of rotation with respect to the axis of rotation 67.

The rotary element 68 can be displaced along a coupling direction 69 which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation 67. According to the embodiment shown, the coupling direction 69 is linear and in particular vertical. It is essential that a displacement of the rotary element 68 along the coupling direction 69 an arrangement in a first position according to FIG Fig. 11 and an arrangement in a second position according to FIG Fig. 12 enables. In the first position according to Fig. 11 the rotary element is coupled to a first force transmission element 70 of the drive unit. The first force transmission element is designed as a revolving roller chain that is guided around two toothed wheels 71. In a second position of the rotary element 68 according to FIG Fig. 12 the rotary element 68 is coupled to a second force transmission element 72. The second power transmission element 72 is designed as a rotating roller chain. The second force transmission element 72 is preferably identical to the first force transmission element 70.

The roller chain of the first force transmission element 70 also serves as a guide unit 35b for the guided displacement of the counterweight unit 24. The coupling element 40b is fastened to the first force transmission element 70, with which the counterweight unit 24 can be fastened directly to the first force transmission element 70. The gear wheels 71, around which the first force transmission element 70 is guided, is rotatably mounted on the upper side 34 of the base box 30. The first telescopic element 31 can be coupled to the basic box 30 by means of a first telescopic coupling device 73. In a coupled arrangement, the first telescopic element 31 is locked on the base box 30.

The second telescopic element 32 can be coupled to the first telescopic element 31 with a second telescopic coupling device 74. In a coupled arrangement, the second telescopic element 32 is attached to the first telescopic element 31.

The second force transmission element 72, that is to say the roller chain, is guided in a revolving manner via gear wheels 71. The gears 71 are each attached at the end to a gear carrier 75. The gear carrier 75 is fastened to the rear wall 52 of the base box 30. The second force transmission element 72 corresponds to the kinematics unit 41b for this exemplary embodiment.

The following is based on the Figs. 11-17 the method for displacing the counterweight unit 24 with the counterweight adjusting device 19b is explained in more detail. First, the rotary element 68 according to Fig. 11 rotatably driven about the axis of rotation 67 in a clockwise direction. As a result, the roller chain 70 is driven clockwise around the toothed wheels 71 and, by means of the coupling element 40b, the counterweight unit 24 according to FIG Fig. 11 shifted from left to right to the cantilever element 23 out. In the arrangement according to Fig. 12 the counterweight unit 24 is decoupled from the first force transmission element 70 and coupled to the cantilever element 23 by means of the locking unit 64.

The rotary element 68 is displaced downward along the coupling direction 69 until the rotary element 68 is in engagement with the second force transmission element 72 ( Fig. 12 ).

Then the rotary element 68 is shown in FIG Fig. 13 rotatably driven about the axis of rotation 67 in the counterclockwise direction. At the same time, the second force transmission element 72 is coupled to the first telescopic element 31 by means of a first force transmission element / coupling element 76. The first telescopic element 31 is telescoped out by the rotary drive movement of the rotary element 68, which is transmitted to the force transmission element 72. A maximally extended state of the first telescopic element 31 with respect to the base box 30 is shown in FIG Fig. 14 shown. Together with the first telescopic element 31, the second telescopic element 32 and the cantilever arm 23 attached to it are telescoped out. Telescoping in takes place in the reverse order.

Alternatively, based on the arrangement in Fig. 13 to couple a second force transmission element / coupling element 77 to the second force transmission element 72 in order to enable the second telescopic element 32 to be telescoped out. Extending the second telescopic element 32 is shown in FIG Fig. 15 and 16 shown.

It is also conceivable to carry out the procedure staggered, in particular one after the other, that is to say, for example, by initially using the inner, second telescopic element 32 according to Fig. 16 is extended in order to then extend the inner telescopic element 31 by coupling it to the first force transmission element / coupling element 76. A twice extended maximum telescoped state of the counterweight adjustment device 19b is shown in FIG Fig. 17 shown. Telescoping in takes place in the opposite manner.

In the following with reference to Fig. 18 and 19th another embodiment of a crane 78 is described. Structurally identical parts 25 are given the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, the description of which is hereby referred to.

The main difference compared to the crane according to Figs. 1 to 4 consists in that the crane 78 is a superlift crane which has a superlift mast which is pivotably articulated on the superstructure 8 in a manner known per se and is braced on the superstructure via a bracing unit 14. In addition, a bracing 46 is provided from the head of the superlift mast 79 to the cantilever element 23. The bracing 46 can preferably be coupled in the center of gravity of the counterweight unit 24. Coupling outside the center of gravity is possible.

In addition, the counterweight adjustment device 19 is not rigidly coupled to the upper carriage 8 at the rear end of the crane 78, that is to say in superlift operation. This enables the counterweight adjustment device 19 to be rotatable about the axis of rotation 80, which is parallel to the pivot axis 12, at the front end of the counterweight adjustment device 19.

A coupling between the upper carriage 8 and the longitudinal member 22 can be advantageous.

The A-frame 15 is connected to the top of the superlift mast 79 via the reeving 16. The triangle formed by the A-frame 15, the reeving 16 and the superlift mast 79 is rigid. The triangle is articulated on the upper carriage 8 of the crane 78 so that it can rotate about the axis of rotation 80. Since the triangle 15, 16, 79 mentioned is rigid, the rope reeving 14 between the upper carriage 8 of the crane 78 and the A-frame 15 is also rigid, that is to say unchangeable in length. The bracing 56 of the counterweight unit 24 on the superlift mast 79 is implemented in particular by support rods that have a constant length. When the counterweight unit 24 is displaced by means of the cantilever element 23, the counterweight unit 24 is displaced non-linearly, in particular along an arc segment. To ensure support on the ground, the vertical supports 28 can be designed to be height-adjustable. The height adjustability can also serve to compensate for height differences between the standing surface of the crane 78 under the base plate 29. Additionally or alternatively, the support rods of the bracing 46 can also be designed to be variable in length in order to enable the counterweight unit 24 to be displaced along a linear direction.

Reference number

1

crane

2

Undercarriage

3

Crawler tracks

4th

Middle part

5

Caterpillar

6th

landing gear

7th

Slewing ring

8th

Superstructure

9

vertical axis of rotation

10

Superstructure frame

11

cabin

12

Cantilever axis (swivel axis)

13

Main boom

14th

Tensioning unit

15th

Guy stand

16

Guy rope

17th

Rope work

18th

Pulley

19th

Counterweight adjustment device

19a

Counterweight adjustment device

19b

Counterweight adjustment device

20th

frame

21st

Upper carriage longitudinal axis

22nd

Side member

23

Cantilever

24

Counterweight unit

25th

Counterweight element

26th

ground

27

Support device

28

Vertical support

29

Base plate

30th

Basic set

31

first telescopic element

32

second telescopic element

33

storage

34

Top

35

Guide unit

35b

Guide unit

36

Guide rail

37

Guide unit bearings

38

Guide axis

39

Relocation element

40

Coupling element

40b

Coupling element

41

Kinematic unit

41b

Kinematic unit

42

Pull-out rope

43

Return rope

44

first connection point

45

second connection point

46

Connecting line (bracing)

47

Pull-out rope

48

Return rope

49

first end of rope 47

50

Rear wall of the second telescopic element 32

51

second end of rope 47

51a

second end of rope 47

52

Rear wall of the basic box 30

53

Pull-out rope pulley

54

Pull-out rope pulley carrier

55

Rear wall of the first telescopic element 31

56

first end of rope 48

57

Rear wall of the cantilever 23

58

second end of rope 48

58a

second end of rope 48

59

Front of the base box 30

60

Return rope pulley

61

Return rope pulley carrier

62

Counterweight element trolley

63

bikes

64

Locking unit

65

Cantilever counterweight

66

Underside of the cantilever 23

67

Axis of rotation

68

Rotary element

69

Coupling direction

70

first power transmission element

71

gear

72

second power transmission element

73

first telescopic coupling device

74

second telescopic coupling device

75

Gear carrier

76

first force transmission element / coupling element

77

second power transmission element / coupling element

78

crane

79

Superlift mast

80

Rotation axis parallel to the boom axis 12

r

Counterweight radius

r _eff

effective counterweight radius

r _min

minimum counterweight radius

r _max

maximum counterweight radius

l

length

Claims (13)

1. Crane (1; 78) comprising a lower carriage (2), a superstructure (8) which can be pivoted about an axis of rotation (9) with respect to the lower carriage (2), a counterweight unit (24) and a counterweight adjustment apparatus (19; 19a; 19b), wherein the counterweight adjustment apparatus (19; 19a; 19b) comprises:

   a telescopic framework (20) which is fastened to the superstructure (8) and has a telescopic longitudinal member (22), a counterweight unit (24) which is arranged so as to be displaceable along the framework (20), a drive unit for displacing the counterweight unit (24) in a driven manner on the framework (20), and a kinematic unit (41; 41b) which can be coupled to the drive unit in order to telescope the framework (20) in a driven manner,

   characterised in that a cantilever element (23) is fastened to a rear end of the longitudinal member (22) remote from the axis of rotation (9), the counterweight unit (24) can be displaced along the framework (20) in the region of the superstructure (8) as far as onto the cantilever element (23), the counterweight unit (24) can be fastened to the cantilever element (23) and the counterweight unit (24) can be telescoped inwards and outwards on the cantilever element (23) with the framework (20).
2. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in claim 1, characterised by a guide unit (35; 35b) which is arranged on the longitudinal member (22) for displacing the counterweight unit (24) in a guided manner in the region of the superstructure (8).
3. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the longitudinal member (22) can be telescoped, in particular multiple times.
4. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised by two longitudinal members (22) which are arranged in particular symmetrically, in particular in parallel and spaced apart, with respect to a longitudinal axis of the framework (20).
5. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a locking unit (64) for locking the counterweight unit (24) on the cantilever element (23).
6. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised by an additional cantilever element counterweight (65) which is anchored to the cantilever element (23), in particular to an underside (66) of the cantilever element (23).
7. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the drive unit is designed as a displacement unit (39) which is driven in particular along the guide unit (35; 35b).
8. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the kinematic unit (41; 41b) has a first cable winch system which can be connected to the displacement element (39), wherein the first cable winch system can be coupled to a first telescoping element (31) of the longitudinal member (22).
9. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the kinematic unit (41; 41b) has a second cable winch system which is fastened to the first telescoping element (31) and connects in particular a basic box (30) of the longitudinal member (22) to a second telescoping element (32) arranged in the first telescoping element (31).
10. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the drive unit has a rotating element (68) which is driven so as to be able to rotate about an axis of rotation (67), and a first force transmission element (70) which can be connected to the rotating element (68), wherein in particular the first force transmission element (70) can be coupled to the counterweight unit (24).
11. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the rotating element (68) can be displaced in a coupling direction (69), in particular perpendicularly to the axis of rotation (67), for coupling to the kinematic unit (41; 41b).
12. Crane (1; 78) as claimed in claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the kinematic unit (41; 41b) has a second force transmission element (72) which can be connected to the rotating element (68), wherein the second force transmission element (72) can be coupled to a basic box (30) or to a second telescoping element (32) arranged in a first telescoping element (31), wherein in particular the rotating element (68) can be coupled to the second force transmission element (72) in order to telescope the framework (20).
13. Method for adjusting a counterweight unit (24) on a crane (1; 78) comprising a lower carriage (2), a superstructure (8) which can be pivoted about an axis of rotation (9) with respect to the lower carriage (2), and a counterweight adjustment apparatus (19; 19a; 19b), wherein the counterweight adjustment apparatus (19; 19a; 19b) comprises:
    a telescopic framework (20) which is fastened to the superstructure (8) and has a telescopic longitudinal member (22), a counterweight unit (24) which is arranged so as to be displaceable along the framework (20), a drive unit for displacing the counterweight unit (24) in a driven manner on the framework (20), and a kinematic unit (41; 41b) which can be coupled to the drive unit in order to telescope the framework (20) in a driven manner, in particular on a crane (1; 78) as claimed in any one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that in a first step the counterweight unit (24) is displaced along the framework (20) in the region of the superstructure (8) as far as onto a cantilever element (23) arranged at the rear end of the longitudinal member (22) remote from the axis of rotation (9), is then fastened at this location and in a second step the counterweight unit (24) is telescoped, in relation to the superstructure (8), inwards and outwards on the cantilever element (23) with the framework (20) by means of the drive unit.

Images