Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
  • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
  • H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
  • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
  • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
  • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
  • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
  • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
  • G01D5/2006—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
  • G01D5/2013—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
  • H02K11/25—Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
  • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
  • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
  • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
  • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general technical field of angular position sensors as well as to the general technical field of synchronous machines comprising means for generating a magnetic induction and such a position sensor.
• the present invention more particularly relates to a synchronous machine with sinusoidal electromotive force, comprising a position sensor for controlling the power supply of said machine.
• the invention finds its application mainly in synchronous machines powered by a polyphase alternating voltage.
• the invention will be described hereinafter more particularly, but not exclusively, with means for generating a magnetic induction constituted by way of example embodiment of permanent magnets.
• a synchronous machine with permanent magnets consists of a wound stator and a rotor carrying the permanent magnets. Such a machine is powered and driven via a power electronics.
• a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and sinusoidal electromotive force can be controlled with a vector control system.
• This type of control known as such, provides high performance, namely high accuracy and high torque dynamics. These performances are necessary, especially for traction motors.
• a control system for obtaining high performance requires a precise knowledge of the angular position of the rotor and this in real time.
• the angular position of the rotor is generally given by a position sensor which consists in particular of a rotating part mechanically linked to the rotor.
• a position sensor which consists in particular of a rotating part mechanically linked to the rotor.
• Various technologies are thus known for determining the angular position of the rotor.
• the position sensor called “resolver”, the incremental digital encoder or the absolute encoder.
• a so-called calibration operation must be performed by a converter. During this operation, the machine is rotating and the converter measures the angle corresponding to the zero crossing of the electromotive force.
• This calibration operation must be carried out again during a maintenance operation of the sensor change type, change of an electromagnetic part of the rotor or the stator, or change of the complete machine.
• Such a rigging operation is often very difficult to achieve, in particular for long vehicles of the railway vehicle type, since it is necessary to lift the said vehicles to allow free orientation of the wheels during stalling.
• the wedging operation is however very important because an angular offset between the measured angular position and the actual position of the rotor leads to a significant drop in the torque. For example, a shift of one mechanical degree leads to a torque drop of about 5% and an offset of two mechanical degrees leads to a torque drop of 20%.
• Document EP 1 758 230 also discloses a rotary electrical machine including in particular a rotor with permanent magnets and one or more magnetic sensors for detecting leakage of magnetic flux escaping from said rotor.
• a rotary electrical machine including in particular a rotor with permanent magnets and one or more magnetic sensors for detecting leakage of magnetic flux escaping from said rotor.
• magnetic flux detection does not make it possible to obtain the absolute angular position of said rotor.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and to provide a new synchronous machine comprising an angular position sensor module reliably delivering magnetic induction values to determine the absolute angular positions. of the rotor.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a new synchronous machine in which the mounting and replacement of an angular position sensor module is extremely simple.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a new synchronous machine free of a complex calibration operation during the first commissioning of said machine or after a maintenance operation.
• a synchronous machine comprising a stator and a rotor, said machine being equipped with at least one angular position sensor module of the rotor and characterized in that:
• the stator comprises a winding intended to be supplied with polyphase alternating current by a power-supply device of the inverter type supplied with current,
• the rotor comprising means for generating a magnetic induction is provided to move in rotation when the stator is supplied with alternating current
• the angular position sensor module comprises at least one pair of two magnetic induction measurement sensors for detecting the variation of the axial magnetic field generated by the means for generating a magnetic induction by delivering a voltage, said sensors (6) or each pair of sensors (6) having an angular difference of 90 ° electrical,
• the induction measurement sensors which are secured to the stator, extend at an axial end of the rotor, facing and in close proximity to the axial edges of the means for generating a magnetic induction, and
• the angular position sensor module comprising at least one electronic unit for receiving the voltages delivered by the magnetic induction measuring sensors, to deduce the angular position of the rotor in an absolute manner and to transmit a corresponding piece of information, in real time , to the power electronics device.
• the rotor extends around the stator.
• the magnetic induction measurement sensors are fixed and distributed on at least one removable support so as to extend along a line whose curvature substantially matches the curvature of the succession of songs axial means for generating a magnetic induction.
• the synchronous machine comprises at least two angular position sensor modules having a mutual angular distance.
• the synchronous machine comprises two removable supports each provided with five sensors for measuring the magnetic induction.
• the removable support comprises at least one electronic circuit of the electronic unit.
• the removable medium comprises a temperature sensor for measuring the ambient temperature of said synchronous machine.
• the magnetic induction measurement sensors are Hall effect sensors.
• the magnetic induction measuring sensors are magnetoresistance sensors.
• the power electronics device comprises a converter driving said synchronous machine by a modulation of pulse widths.
• the means for generating a magnetic induction are permanent magnets.
• the means for generating a magnetic induction consist of electric windings.
• the synchronous machine according to the invention advantageously constitutes a wheel motor of a rail or road vehicle.
• the synchronous machine according to the invention therefore has the advantage of providing an accurate measurement, in real time, of the angular position of the rotor and this in an absolute manner.
• Another advantage of the synchronous machine according to the invention results from the possibility of detecting via its angular position sensor module, a possible short-circuit between two phases in the machine.
• Another advantage of the synchronous machine according to the invention is related to the fact that it does not require any stalling operation, especially after a maintenance operation.
• Another advantage of the synchronous machine according to the invention results from the fact that the position sensor module, thanks to the direct measurement of the field produced by the permanent magnets, to know the evolution of the magnetic field as a function of time and of thus to estimate if the machine is healthy or if it underwent an aging detrimental to the performances of the synchronous machine.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a synchronous machine according to the invention incorporating an angular position sensor module on a portion of a stator
• Figure 2 shows a detail, in section, of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a removable support for the angular position sensor module in front view, intended to be inserted in a synchronous machine according to the invention
• FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of the electronic means necessary for the operation of the angular position sensor module of a synchronous machine according to the invention
• FIG. 5 illustrates, using a block diagram, an example of a vector control system of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and sinusoidal electromotive force, according to the invention
• FIG. 6 an example of signals measured by magnetic induction sensors with a synchronous machine according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 an example of corrected signals obtained by means of an angular position sensor module comprising two sensors, giving values of a normalized axial field as a function of time;
• FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 comprising an angular position sensor mounted on a stator 2 illustrated schematically in FIG. 4.
• FIG. 1 shows an end portion 2a, for example in the form of an integral flange. mechanically of the stator 2.
• the synchronous machine 1 also comprises a rotor 3 provided with permanent magnets 4.
• the end portion 2a covers at least partially and without contact an axial end 3a of the rotor 3.
• An example of an arrangement between the axial end 3a and the end portion 2a is illustrated in more detail in FIG.
• the stator 2 comprises a not shown winding, intended to be supplied with polyphase current via a power electronics device also called converter or inverter.
• the latter is advantageously supplied with voltage and current.
• the rotor 3 advantageously has a substantially cylindrical shape 3b whose internal face is covered with permanent magnets 4.
• the rotor 3 is intended to rotate around the portion of the stator 2 extending in the free space delimited internally to said rotor 3.
• the permanent magnets 4 are for example stacked in an axial direction in axial grooves formed in the inner face of the cylinder 3b.
• the mounting and fixing of the permanent magnets 4 on the inner face of the rotor 3 is carried out in a known manner.
• the permanent magnets 4 are slidably introduced into axial grooves and held radially due to a complementarity of shapes of said grooves and said permanent magnets 4.
• the permanent magnets 4 are locked axially in each groove by means of a retaining piece 5 made of non-magnetic material, illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 2.
• the holding part 5 constitutes a stop 5a preventing axial movements of the permanent magnets 4 engaged in the corresponding groove.
• the dimensions and shapes of the holding part 5 are chosen so as not to hinder access to a localized area facing at least part of the axial edge 4a of the last permanent magnet 4 engaged in each groove.
• Other known technical maintenance solutions are also conceivable.
• the axial end 3a of the cylinder 3b, which does not have permanent magnets 4, advantageously has a slightly flared shape in a radial direction. Such a conformation thus makes it possible to limit the space requirement resulting from the fixing of the holding part 5.
• a holding part 5 is advantageously fixed on the cylinder 3b, at the end of each groove by means of a screw 5b thus axially blocking all rows of permanent magnets 4.
• the synchronous machine 1 also comprises an angular position sensor module 1a of the rotor 3.
• the angular position sensor module comprises in particular one or more pairs of sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6. These are designed to detecting the variation of the axial magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 4. This variation of the axial magnetic field is detected and converted into a voltage delivered by the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6.
• the angular difference between the sensors 6 of each pair is 90 ° electrical.
• 90 ° electrical represent 4.5 ° mechanical for a motor 20 pairs of poles.
• the angular position sensor module also comprises at least one electronic unit designed to receive the induction voltages of the measurement sensors of the magnetic induction 6 and to deduce therefrom the angular position of the rotor 3. This determination is made absolutely .
• the electronic unit also makes it possible to transmit in real time relative information on the angular position of the rotor 3 to the power electronics device.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are mechanically secured to the end portion 2a and extend at an axial end of the rotor 3, facing and in the immediate vicinity of the axial edges 4a of the last permanent magnets 4 engaged in the grooves. During the rotation of the rotor 3, each axial edge 4a therefore passes in front of the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6.
• the magnetic measurement sensors 6 are advantageously fixed on a removable support 7.
• the removable support 7 has for this purpose an axial support portion 7a and a support end portion 7b.
• the support end portion 7b extends substantially transversely to the axial support portion 7a.
• the sensors for measuring magnetic induction 6 are arranged on an external face 7c of the free end of the axial support portion 7a.
• the removable support 7 preferably has a curvature substantially conforming to the curvature of the rotor 3.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are advantageously fixed and distributed on an external face 7c along a line whose curvature substantially matches the curvature of the succession of axial edges 4a permanent magnets 4.
• the removable support 7 is for example introduced into a slot 8 formed in the end portion 2a.
• the slot 8 has a curvature identical or similar to that presented by the axial support portion 7a.
• the removable support 7, once equipped with the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6, is introduced axially into the slot 8 until the stop of the portion of the support end 7b on the outside face of the part end 2a.
• the dimensions of the removable support 7, and in particular the axial length of the axial support portion 7a, are chosen so that the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 extend at a distance e from the axial edges 4a.
• the distance e is for example between 1.5 and 2.5 millimeters and preferably equal to 2 millimeters.
• the synchronous machine 1 comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, at least two sensors for measuring magnetic induction.
• the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises two removable supports
• FIG. 3 is a front view illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a removable support 7 comprising five magnetic induction measurement sensors 6.
• the synchronous machine 1 thus comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment of FIG. FIG. 3, two removable supports 7 each comprising five magnetic induction measurement sensors 6.
• the outer face 7c of the axial support portion 7a is provided with a temperature sensor 9. The latter makes it possible to use the ambient temperature of the synchronous machine 1 to adjust its control, since the induction depends on the temperature .
• the removable support 7 comprises at least one electronic circuit of the electronic unit or part of an electronic circuit of said electronic unit.
• the power electronics device is a converter controlling the synchronous machine 1 by a modulation of pulse widths.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are preferably Hall effect sensors.
• the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 consist of AMR / GMR sensors, called magnetoresistance sensors.
• Hall effect sensors measure the DC component of the magnetic field
• magnetoresistance sensors exhibit operation based on the variation in the electrical resistance of a material as a function of the direction of the magnetic field applied thereto. These sensors are known as such and are therefore not described further.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the electronic means necessary for the operation of the angular position sensor module 1a of the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention.
• the latter therefore comprises the wound stator 2 and the rotor 3 comprising the permanent magnets 4.
• the angular position sensor module thus comprises functional means, which include induction measurement sensors 6, associated with the electronic unit for acquiring a signal and for calculating the positioning angle of the rotor 3.
• the functional means consist, for example, of two magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 mounted fixed, without contact and facing the permanent magnets 4.
• the information from these induction measurement sensors 6 is then amplified and filtered respectively by means amplifier 10 and filtering means 1 1 before a computer 12 acquires said information.
• This computer 12 of the electronic unit thus determines the rotor angle (angular position of the rotor) from the information from the induction measurement sensors 6 and communicates in real time the rotor angle to a vector control system 13 which controls a converter 14.
• the communication of the rotor angle to the vector control system 13 is carried out via a field bus type protocol such as S SI, PROFIBUS or others.
• a field bus type protocol such as S SI, PROFIBUS or others.
• the sign of the rotor angle determined by the computer 12 defines the direction of rotation of the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 illustrates, using a block diagram, the vector control system 13 of a synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and a sinusoidal electromotive force.
• the synchronous machine 1 comprises the converter 14 powered by a voltage.
• the vector control system 13 makes it possible to control the converter 14 by means of PWM pulse width modulation to generate an average supply voltage on each of the phases Pi, P 2 , P 3 of the synchronous machine 1 and therefore a current determined in each of said phases Pi, P 2 , P 3 .
• the converter 14 thus transforms a voltage delivered by a DC voltage source U into a three-phase supply voltage of the synchronous machine 1. The latter thus operates in traction mode and alternately in a three-phase voltage generator, for example when a vehicle is in operation. a braking phase.
• the vector control system 13 comprises a control unit of the converter 14, current sensors 15, a voltage sensor 16 and the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1.
• the vector control system 13 receives, for example, the torque setpoint C.
• the control unit of the converter 14 calculates the voltage vector to be applied to said converter 14 so that the synchronous machine 1 reaches the torque setpoint C.
• the vector control system 13 in particular a synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and sinusoidal electromotive force is known as such and will therefore not be further described herein.
• the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention has the remarkable advantage that it comprises an angular position sensor enabling it to make a direct measurement of the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets 4 and consequently to know the evolution of said field Magnetic as a function of time. This makes it possible to detect a deterioration of the performance of the permanent magnets 4 and consequently of the performance of the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention.
• the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1 makes it possible to detect a sudden increase in the induced magnetic field, resulting from a short-circuit between phases.
• FIG. 6 illustrates an example of signals measured by magnetic induction sensors 6 arranged mutually at 90 ° electrical from each other. Such an arrangement corresponds to a mechanical angle of 4.5 ° for a machine having twenty pairs of poles. Such a module makes it possible to measure the axial field produced by the magnets.
• the signals A and B respectively in fine and large lines, are delivered by two respective sensors 6 in the form of electric voltage V and are sinusoidal signals deformed by the presence of harmonics of rank 3 in the axial field.
• the signals A and B are signals measured and filtered in a known manner.
• FIG. 7 thus represents an example of the corrected signals Ai and B ls. obtained by means of an angular position sensor module having two sensors 6, giving values corresponding to a normalized axial field as a function of time.
• FIG. 8 is a representation of the absolute angular position a, called the angle, calculated from the axial field measured in a two-pole synchronous machine 1, in accordance with the invention.
• the determination of the angular position a is performed by the electronic unit according to the calculations specified hereinafter, considering that y corresponds to the values illustrated by the curve of the signal Bi and x corresponds to the values illustrated by the curve of the signal Ai. So :
• the synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and sinusoidal electromotive force advantageously constitutes a motor-wheel.
• the synchronous machine according to the invention can also be used as a winch motor or as an elevator motor.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-02-24 FR FR1451446A patent/FR3018014B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-02-24 US US15/119,949 patent/US10312774B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-24 CA CA2938750A patent/CA2938750A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-02-24 CN CN201580010073.1A patent/CN106063097B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-24 EP EP15710831.7A patent/EP3111539A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-02-24 AU AU2015220585A patent/AU2015220585B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2015-02-24 KR KR1020167025876A patent/KR20160124854A/ko unknown
  • 2015-02-24 WO PCT/FR2015/050443 patent/WO2015124882A2/fr active Application Filing

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