US2345586A - Hydraulic fluid - Google Patents

Hydraulic fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
US2345586A
US2345586A US351103A US35110340A US2345586A US 2345586 A US2345586 A US 2345586A US 351103 A US351103 A US 351103A US 35110340 A US35110340 A US 35110340A US 2345586 A US2345586 A US 2345586A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
glycerine
glycol
borax
alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US351103A
Inventor
John M Clark
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Packard Motor Car Co
Original Assignee
Packard Motor Car Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Packard Motor Car Co filed Critical Packard Motor Car Co
Priority to US351103A priority Critical patent/US2345586A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2345586A publication Critical patent/US2345586A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fluid mixtures and more especially to fluid mixtures which are useful as hydraulic fluids for the transmission of power.
  • the most commonfluids of this type are composed of castor oil solubilized in organic solvents and diluents with additions of materials which I impart special characteristics to the fluid, such as constant viscosity, anti-corrosive properties, and
  • the present invention circumvents the difilculty caused by use of base lubricants whose dewith and useful in conjunction with the oil-base More specifically, this invention.
  • a brake fluid with a glycerine base which also includes compounds which completely neutralize the corrosive effect of the glycerine on the metal and rubber elements of the hydraulic system which the fluid ordinarily contacts.
  • this invention provides a hydraulic fluid which is composed completely of materials which are inexpensive and the supplies of which are independent of foreign sources.
  • Glycerine has been previously used in hydraulic fluid supplementary to other lubricants such as animal and vegetable oils and fats and soaps and modified fatty acids; but the use has always been restricted to" modifying the properties .of a base lubricant.
  • This invention involves the use of glycerine as the base lubricant in a hydraulic fluid, the corrosive effect of the glycerine being neutralized by addition of borax to produce a fluid which retains the desired lubricating effect and which does not have the deleterious efiect on rubber and metal which is exhibited by glycerine.
  • Glycerine is solubilized in a mixture of an alcohol and a glycol and borax may be added to this solution to react with the glycerine producing glycerol borate, or glycerol borate may be added to the solution in amounts chemically equivalent alcohol may be any one of or a mixture of those commonly used in this type of composition such as propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol or other lower aliphatic alcohols and their isomers.
  • Glycols commonly used are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, and nonaethylene glycol, all of whichare suitable for the present invention.
  • the characteristics of the fluid such as viscosity, boiling and freezing point, are determined by the relative amount of the constituents of the fluid.
  • the present invention contemplates a fluid with a viscosity comparable to the usual oil-base fluids and for this purpose the following range of percentages of constituents by volume has been found to be useful.
  • the glycerine may vary from 5% to 40%,.the glycol from 2% to 50%, the alcohol from 30% to 80% and the borax from .7 to 3.5 oz; per gallon of finished fluid.
  • the quantity ofglycerlne and, consequently, the quantity of alcohol and borax are dependent on the kind and amount of glycol used in the particular composition.
  • the proper proportions of all ingredients are determined best by trial mixtures brought to satisfactory viscosity, low rate of viscosity change with temperature decrease, and satisfactory stability characteristics under conditions whichsimulate those of severe usage.
  • the smallest amount of borax or glycerol borate which is necessary to prevent corrosive effects can also be easily determined by trial.
  • g A particularly suitable fluid comprises, by volume, 30.4.parts glycerine, 8.7 parts propylene gly col, 60.9 parts lsobutyl alcohol, and sufflcient borax to inhibit the glycerine (from .7 to 3.5 oz. per gallon of fluid, depending on the quality of lycerine).
  • the method of compounding the ingredients is not critical and a suitable procedure consists in to the borax which otherwise would be used.
  • Hydraulic fluids made according to the present invention are inexpensive, devoid of objectionable properties, and are miscible with the common oilbase fluids and therefore suitable for use in refilling hydraulic systems already containing an oil-base fluid as well as for use in any hydraulic system in which oil-base types of fluid are commonly used.
  • a substantially non-aqueous hydraulic fluid comprising by volume approximately 30 parts glycerine, 9 parts propylene glycol, 61 parts isobutanol and a quantity of borate only sufllcient to inhibit the corrosive tendencies of the glycerlne.
  • a substantially non-aqueous hydraulic fluid 5 consisting of, by volume, from about 5% to about 10 glycerine.
  • a substantialy non-aqueous hydraulic'fluid consisting of, by volume, from about 5% to about 40% glycerine, from about 30% to about 80% of monohydric alcohol, from about 2% to about 15 50% of a glycol and a borate only in sufllcient quantity to inhibit the corrosive tendencies of the glycerine.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

Patented Apr. 4,1944
caries nrnnanmc mum poration of Michigan No Drawing. Application August a, 1940, Serial No. 351,103
3 Claims.
This invention relates to fluid mixtures and more especially to fluid mixtures which are useful as hydraulic fluids for the transmission of power.
The most commonfluids of this type are composed of castor oil solubilized in organic solvents and diluents with additions of materials which I impart special characteristics to the fluid, such as constant viscosity, anti-corrosive properties, and
homogeneity throughout a wide temperature range.
The deleterious effect of castor oil base fluids on the metal and rubber, and particularly the latter, in hydraulic systems is a commercially important consideration and considerable research has been directed to counteracting this ef- 7 feet without completely satisfactory results.
The present invention circumvents the difilculty caused by use of base lubricants whose dewith and useful in conjunction with the oil-base More specifically, this invention.
type of fluids. contemplates a brake fluid with a glycerine base which also includes compounds which completely neutralize the corrosive effect of the glycerine on the metal and rubber elements of the hydraulic system which the fluid ordinarily contacts.
Furthermore, this invention provides a hydraulic fluid which is composed completely of materials which are inexpensive and the supplies of which are independent of foreign sources.
Glycerine has been previously used in hydraulic fluid supplementary to other lubricants such as animal and vegetable oils and fats and soaps and modified fatty acids; but the use has always been restricted to" modifying the properties .of a base lubricant.
This invention involves the use of glycerine as the base lubricant in a hydraulic fluid, the corrosive effect of the glycerine being neutralized by addition of borax to producea fluid which retains the desired lubricating effect and which does not have the deleterious efiect on rubber and metal which is exhibited by glycerine.
Glycerine is solubilized in a mixture of an alcohol and a glycol and borax may be added to this solution to react with the glycerine producing glycerol borate, or glycerol borate may be added to the solution in amounts chemically equivalent alcohol may be any one of or a mixture of those commonly used in this type of composition such as propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol or other lower aliphatic alcohols and their isomers. Glycols commonly used are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, and nonaethylene glycol, all of whichare suitable for the present invention.
The characteristics of the fluid such as viscosity, boiling and freezing point, are determined by the relative amount of the constituents of the fluid. The present invention contemplates a fluid with a viscosity comparable to the usual oil-base fluids and for this purpose the following range of percentages of constituents by volume has been found to be useful. The glycerine may vary from 5% to 40%,.the glycol from 2% to 50%, the alcohol from 30% to 80% and the borax from .7 to 3.5 oz; per gallon of finished fluid.
Due to the varying vlscosities of different glycols the quantity ofglycerlne and, consequently, the quantity of alcohol and borax are dependent on the kind and amount of glycol used in the particular composition. The proper proportions of all ingredients are determined best by trial mixtures brought to satisfactory viscosity, low rate of viscosity change with temperature decrease, and satisfactory stability characteristics under conditions whichsimulate those of severe usage. The smallest amount of borax or glycerol borate which is necessary to prevent corrosive effects can also be easily determined by trial.
The composition of some typical satisfactory fluids are set forth in the following table. These examples, however, are not to be construed as a limitation of the invention but only as illustrative of some of the compositions embraced by the present invention. Glycerlne (parts by volume) 30 25 20 40 35 15 Propylene glycol (parts by volume) 10 lsobutyl alcohol (parts by volumei 67 50 50 70 Borax (oz. per gal. fluid) .7 to 3.5
g A particularly suitable fluid comprises, by volume, 30.4.parts glycerine, 8.7 parts propylene gly col, 60.9 parts lsobutyl alcohol, and sufflcient borax to inhibit the glycerine (from .7 to 3.5 oz. per gallon of fluid, depending on the quality of lycerine).
The method of compounding the ingredients is not critical and a suitable procedure consists in to the borax which otherwise would be used. The 5, adding the borax to the glycerol and glycol, heating to aid the solution of the box-ax and thereafter removing the heat and adding the alcohol, or by dissolving the borax in the alcohol and thereafter mixing the solution thus formed with the glycerol and glycol.
Hydraulic fluids made according to the present invention are inexpensive, devoid of objectionable properties, and are miscible with the common oilbase fluids and therefore suitable for use in refilling hydraulic systems already containing an oil-base fluid as well as for use in any hydraulic system in which oil-base types of fluid are commonly used.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is: i I
1. A substantially non-aqueous hydraulic fluid comprising by volume approximately 30 parts glycerine, 9 parts propylene glycol, 61 parts isobutanol and a quantity of borate only sufllcient to inhibit the corrosive tendencies of the glycerlne.
2. A substantially non-aqueous hydraulic fluid 5 consisting of, by volume, from about 5% to about 10 glycerine.
3. A substantialy non-aqueous hydraulic'fluid consisting of, by volume, from about 5% to about 40% glycerine, from about 30% to about 80% of monohydric alcohol, from about 2% to about 15 50% of a glycol and a borate only in sufllcient quantity to inhibit the corrosive tendencies of the glycerine.
JOHN M. CLARK.
US351103A 1940-08-03 1940-08-03 Hydraulic fluid Expired - Lifetime US2345586A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2659699A (en) * 1949-07-28 1953-11-17 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Hydraulic fluid of polyhydric alcohol and trialkyl phosphate
US2982733A (en) * 1957-03-05 1961-05-02 United States Borax Chem Modified organic fluids of the glycol type and methods of producing the same
US3098825A (en) * 1958-07-28 1963-07-23 Union Carbide Corp Non-corrosive hydraulic fluids
US4360407A (en) * 1982-03-22 1982-11-23 The Dow Chemical Company Process for removing glycerine
US20170063204A1 (en) * 2014-02-24 2017-03-02 Lohr Electromecanique Synchronous machine provided with an angular position sensor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2659699A (en) * 1949-07-28 1953-11-17 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Hydraulic fluid of polyhydric alcohol and trialkyl phosphate
US2982733A (en) * 1957-03-05 1961-05-02 United States Borax Chem Modified organic fluids of the glycol type and methods of producing the same
US3098825A (en) * 1958-07-28 1963-07-23 Union Carbide Corp Non-corrosive hydraulic fluids
US4360407A (en) * 1982-03-22 1982-11-23 The Dow Chemical Company Process for removing glycerine
US20170063204A1 (en) * 2014-02-24 2017-03-02 Lohr Electromecanique Synchronous machine provided with an angular position sensor

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