Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
  • G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
  • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
  • B60L15/025—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
  • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
  • B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
  • B60L9/22—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines polyphase motors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
  • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
  • B60L9/24—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines
  • B60L9/28—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines polyphase motors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
  • G01R33/04—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using the flux-gate principle
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
  • G01R33/1215—Measuring magnetisation; Particular magnetometers therefor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
  • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
  • H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
  • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
  • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
  • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2210/00—Converter types
  • B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2210/00—Converter types
  • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
  • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
  • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
  • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
  • B60L2240/421—Speed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/80—Time limits
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
  • B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
  • H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general technical field of angular position sensors as well as to the general technical field of synchronous machines comprising permanent magnets and such a position sensor.
• the present invention more particularly relates to a synchronous machine with sinusoidal, trapezoidal or other electromotive force, comprising a position sensor for controlling the power supply of said machine.
• the invention finds its application mainly in synchronous machines powered by a polyphase alternating voltage.
• the invention will be described below more particularly but not limited to means for generating a magnetic induction consisting of permanent magnets.
• a synchronous machine with permanent magnets consists of a wound stator and a rotor carrying the permanent magnets. Such a machine is powered and driven via a power electronics.
• a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and sinusoidal electromotive force can be controlled with a vector control system.
• This type of control known as such, provides high performance, namely high accuracy and high torque dynamics. These performances are necessary, especially for traction motors.
• a control system for obtaining high performance requires a precise knowledge of the angular position of the rotor and this in real time.
• the angular position of the rotor is generally given by a position sensor which consists in particular of a rotating part mechanically linked to the rotor.
• a position sensor which consists in particular of a rotating part mechanically linked to the rotor.
• Various technologies are thus known for determining the angular position of the rotor.
• the position sensor called “resolver”, the incremental digital encoder or the absolute encoder.
• a so-called calibration operation must be performed by a converter. During this operation, the machine is rotating and the converter measures the angle corresponding to the zero crossing of the electromotive force.
• This calibration operation must be carried out again during a maintenance operation of the sensor change type, change of an electromagnetic part of the rotor or the stator, or change of the complete machine.
• Such a rigging operation is often very difficult to achieve, in particular for long vehicles of the railway vehicle type, since it is necessary to lift the said vehicles to allow free orientation of the wheels during stalling.
• the wedging operation is however very important because an angular offset between the measured angular position and the actual position of the rotor leads to a significant drop in the torque. For example, a shift of one mechanical degree leads to a torque drop of about 5% and an offset of two mechanical degrees leads to a torque drop of 20%.
• Document US 2002/175674 discloses a method and a device for detecting degradation of a permanent magnet in an engine of a hybrid or electric electric vehicle.
• a voltage monitoring device is coupled directly to a traction motor and / or the generator motor to detect the voltage induced by the permanent magnets in the motor at a predetermined speed and out of state of charge.
• a controller compares the detected induced voltage with a reference voltage which represents an expected induced voltage for full magnetization at the predetermined rate.
• the controller generates an indication of the magnetization as a function of the reference voltage, the detected induced voltage and the predetermined speed.
• the indication of the magnetization is recorded as a later reference.
• a safety indicator generates a signal to warn the user of the vehicle when the magnetization indication is below a safety threshold.
• the device described in US 2002/175674 relates to a rotor with permanent magnets in the central position and surrounded by a wound stator.
• the measurement of the magnetization is done by means of a winding which is wound on the teeth of the rotor and integrated therewith.
• the device of document US 2002/175674 does not make it possible to detect the degradation of a permanent magnet in a charging electric motor, that is to say when the machine is loaded or delivers a torque, but only in an electric motor in free rotation. This is a major drawback. Indeed, in US 2002/175674 the magnetization field from the rotor magnets is measured by measuring a current induced in the winding which is wound on the teeth of the rotor. Since this magnetization field depends on the intensity of the electric current flowing in the coil, and the same current depends on the load of the electric motor, the magnetization field of the coil therefore varies as a function of the biasing of the electric motor.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and to propose a new method for determining an aging level of a synchronous machine.
• Another object of the present invention is to implement such a method for determining an aging level with simple, reliable, few and economical means.
• the objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a method for measuring the aging of the permanent magnets of a polyphase synchronous machine comprising a stator and a rotor, said machine being equipped with at least one sensor of angular position of the rotor, the stator comprising a coil intended to be supplied with current, the rotor comprising permanent magnets being provided to move around the stator, the angular position sensor comprising at least two sensors for measuring the magnetic induction and at least one electronic unit, the induction measurement sensors, fixed, integral with the stator, extending at an axial end of the rotor facing and in the immediate vicinity of the axial edges of the permanent magnets, characterized in that 'it consists of :
• step j3 if the value of the maximum magnetic induction is lower than the reference value by exhibiting a determined deviation from said reference value, generating an alerting information via the electronic unit, in the case otherwise resume step jl).
• the method consists in using as a reference value the value of the maximum magnetic induction measured during the first use of the synchronous machine.
• the method consists in using as a reference value, a theoretical or predefined value.
• the method consists in using as a reference value, a decreasing value in function of time.
• the method consists in using as a reference value, a value exhibiting a linear decrease.
• the method consists in generating the alert information when the difference is greater than or equal to 20%.
• the method is applied to a wheel motor of a vehicle.
• the method is used on a test bench during maintenance operations of the motor-wheel.
• the measured value VM max of the maximum magnetic induction is compared with a predetermined reference value, stored in a set of data comprising values of the maximum magnetic induction for a given intensity of the electric current supplied to the synchronous machine.
• the data set comprising values of the maximum magnetic induction for a given intensity of the electric current supplied to the synchronous machine is stored in the electronic unit.
• the synchronous machine in which the process according to the invention is implemented advantageously constitutes a wheel motor of a rail or road vehicle.
• the measuring method according to the invention has the particular advantage of providing a precise measurement, in real time and at selected time intervals, of the aging of the permanent magnets of the synchronous machine.
• the method according to the invention has the remarkable advantage that results from the use of the angular position sensor of the rotor, to know the evolution of the magnetic field as a function of time and thus to estimate whether the synchronous machine is healthy or if it has suffered an aging detrimental to its performance.
• the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to measure the magnetic field when the synchronous machine is rotating, that it is running empty or in load.
• Vacuum operation means the case where the machine synchronous operation works freewheeling
• charging operation means the case where the synchronous machine is rotating and delivers a torque, whether braking or acceleration.
• the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to measure the magnetic field when the synchronous machine is at a standstill, the measurement of the magnetic field then being carried out for the magnets located in front of the sensors. To perform a complete mapping of the magnets of the machine, it is then sufficient to rotate it so as to position in turn each of the magnets in front of the sensors.
• the measurement of the magnetization is done by means of hall effect or magnetoresistance sensors which are mounted on a removable support, and whose maintenance is therefore very easy.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a synchronous machine in which the method according to the invention is implemented, said machine incorporating an angular position sensor on a portion of a stator;
• Figure 2 shows a detail, in section, of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a removable support for the angular position sensor in front view, intended to be inserted into a synchronous machine in which the method according to the invention is implemented. ;
• FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of the electronic means necessary for the operation of the angular position sensor of a synchronous machine and therefore used to implement the method according to the invention
• FIG. 5 illustrates, using a block diagram, an example of a vector control system of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and a sinusoidal electromotive force, in which the method according to the invention is implemented.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 comprising an angular position sensor mounted on a stator 2 schematically illustrated in Figure 4.
• Figure 1 shows an end portion 2a, for example in the form of flange mechanically secured to the stator 2.
• the synchronous machine 1 also comprises a rotor 3 provided with permanent magnets 4.
• the end portion 2a covers at least partially and without contact an axial end 3a of the rotor 3.
• An example of an arrangement between the axial end 3a and the end portion 2a is illustrated in more detail in FIG.
• the stator 2 comprises a not shown winding, intended to be supplied with polyphase current via a power electronics device also called converter or inverter.
• the latter is advantageously supplied with voltage and current.
• the rotor 3 advantageously has a substantially cylindrical shape 3b whose internal face is covered with permanent magnets 4.
• the rotor 3 is intended to rotate around the portion of the stator 2 extending in the free space delimited internally to said rotor 3.
• the permanent magnets 4 are for example stacked in an axial direction in axial grooves formed in the inner face of the cylinder 3b.
• the mounting and fixing of the permanent magnets 4 on the inner face of the rotor 3 is carried out in a known manner.
• the permanent magnets 4 are slidably introduced into axial grooves and held radially due to a complementarity of shapes of said grooves and said permanent magnets 4.
• the permanent magnets 4 are locked axially in each groove by means of a retaining piece 5 made of non-magnetic material, illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 2.
• the holding piece 5 constitutes a stop 5a preventing axial movements of the permanent magnets 4 engaged in the corresponding groove.
• the dimensions and shapes of the holding part 5 are chosen so as not to hinder access to a localized area facing at least part of the axial edge 4a of the last permanent magnet 4 engaged in each groove.
• the axial end 3a of the cylinder 3b which does not have permanent magnets 4, advantageously has a slightly flared shape in a radial direction. Such a conformation thus makes it possible to limit the space requirement resulting from the fixing of the holding part 5.
• a holding part 5 is advantageously fixed on the cylinder 3b, at the end of each groove with a screw 5b, thus axially blocking all rows of permanent magnets 4.
• the synchronous machine 1 also comprises an angular position sensor of the rotor 3.
• the angular position sensor comprises, in particular, sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6. These are designed to detect the variation of the axial magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets. 4. This variation of the axial magnetic field is detected and transformed into a voltage delivered by the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6.
• the angular position sensor also comprises at least one electronic unit designed to receive the induction voltages of the measuring sensors of the magnetic induction 6 and to deduce the angular position of the rotor 3. This determination is made absolutely.
• the electronic unit also makes it possible to transmit in real time relative information on the angular position of the rotor 3 to the power electronics device.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are mechanically secured to the end portion 2a and extend at an axial end of the rotor 3, facing and in the immediate vicinity of the axial edges 4a of the last permanent magnets 4 engaged in the grooves. During the rotation of the rotor 3, each axial edge 4a therefore passes in front of the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6.
• the magnetic measurement sensors 6 are advantageously fixed on a removable support 7.
• the removable support 7 has for this purpose an axial support portion 7a and a support end portion 7b.
• the support end portion 7b extends substantially transversely to the axial support portion 7a.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are arranged on an outer face 7c of the free end of the axial support portion 7a.
• the removable support 7 preferably has a curvature substantially conforming to the curvature of the rotor 3.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are advantageously fixed and distributed on an external face 7c along a line whose curvature substantially matches the curvature of the succession of axial edges 4a permanent magnets 4.
• the removable support 7 is for example introduced into a slot 8 formed in the end portion 2a.
• the slot 8 has a curvature identical or similar to that presented by the axial support portion 7a.
• the removable support 7, once equipped with measurement sensors magnetic induction 6, is introduced axially into the slot 8 until the abutment of the portion of the support end 7b on the outer face of the end portion 2a.
• the dimensions of the removable support 7, and in particular the axial length of the axial support portion 7a, are chosen so that the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 extend at a distance e from the axial edges 4a.
• the distance e is for example between 1.5 and 2.5 millimeters and preferably equal to 2 millimeters.
• the synchronous machine 1 comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, at least three magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 arranged on a removable support 7.
• the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises two removable supports 7 each of which is provided for example with at least two magnetic induction measurement sensors 6.
• FIG. 3 is a front view illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a removable support 7 comprising five magnetic induction measurement sensors 6.
• the synchronous machine 1 thus comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment of FIG. removable supports 7 each having five magnetic induction measuring sensors 6.
• the outer face 7c of the axial support portion 7a is provided with a temperature sensor 9.
• a temperature sensor 9 makes it possible to use the ambient temperature of the synchronous machine 1 to adjust its control, since the induction depends on the temperature .
• the removable support 7 comprises at least one electronic circuit of the electronic unit or part of an electronic circuit of said electronic unit.
• the power electronics device is a converter 14 driving the synchronous machine 1 by a modulation of pulse widths.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are preferably Hall effect sensors.
• the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 consist of AMR / GMR sensors, called magnetoresistance sensors. While Hall effect sensors measure the DC component of the magnetic field, magnetoresistance sensors exhibit operation based on the variation in the electrical resistance of a material as a function of the direction of the magnetic field applied thereto. These sensors are known as such and are therefore not described further.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the electronic means necessary for the operation of the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1.
• the latter thus comprises the wound stator 2 and the rotor 3 comprising the permanent magnets 4.
• the angular position sensor thus comprises functional means, which include induction measurement sensors 6, associated with the electronic unit for acquiring a signal and for calculating the positioning angle of the rotor. 3.
• the functional means consist, for example, of two magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 mounted fixed, without contact and facing the permanent magnets 4.
• the information from these induction measurement sensors 6 is then amplified and filtered respectively by means 10 and filtering means 11 before a computer 12 acquires said information.
• This computer 12 of the electronic unit thus determines the rotor angle (angular position of the rotor) from the information from the induction measurement sensors 6 and communicates in real time the rotor angle to a vector control system 13 which controls a converter 14.
• FIG. 5 illustrates, using a block diagram, the vector control system 13 of a synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and a sinusoidal electromotive force.
• the synchronous machine 1 comprises the converter 14 powered by a voltage.
• the vector control system 13 makes it possible to control the converter 14 by means of PWM pulse width modulation to generate an average supply voltage on each of the phases Pi, P 2 , P 3 of the synchronous machine 1 and therefore a current determined in each of said phases Pi, P 2 , P 3 .
• the converter 14 thus transforms a voltage supplied by a DC voltage source U into a three-phase supply voltage of the synchronous machine 1.
• the latter operates, for example, in traction and alternately in a three-phase voltage generator, when a vehicle is in operation. a braking phase.
• the vector control system 13 comprises a control unit of the converter 14, current sensors 15, a voltage sensor 16 and the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1.
• the vector control system 13 receives for example the torque setpoint C. On the basis of the information from the current sensors 15, the angular position sensor 1a and from the setpoint C, the control unit of the converter 14 calculates the voltage vector to be applied to said converter 14 so that the synchronous machine 1 reaches the torque setpoint C.
• the vector control system 13 in particular a synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and sinusoidal electromotive force, is known per se and will therefore not be further described herein.
• the synchronous machine 1 has the remarkable advantage that it comprises an angular position sensor enabling it to make a direct measurement of the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets 4 and consequently to know the evolution of said magnetic field as a function of time . This makes it possible to detect a deterioration of the performance of the permanent magnets 4 and consequently the performance of the synchronous machine 1.
• the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1 makes it possible to detect a sudden increase in the induced magnetic field, resulting from a short-circuit between phases.
• the synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and force sinusoidal electromotive advantageously constitutes a motor-wheel.
• the synchronous machine according to the invention can also be used as a winch motor or as an elevator motor.
• the synchronous machine 1 thus makes it possible to implement a method of measuring an aging of permanent magnets 4 according to the invention and this using a succession of steps explained below.
• the value of the maximum magnetic induction VM max is determined, at a standstill or during a phase of rotation in load or in no-load mode of the synchronous machine 1, via the sensors of FIG. measurement of the magnetic induction 6 connected to the electronic unit.
• the measured value of the maximum magnetic induction VM max is compared to a reference value.
• a third step j3) if the value of the maximum magnetic induction VM max is lower than the reference value by exhibiting a determined difference with respect to said reference value, an alerting information S is generated by means of the electronic unit, otherwise we resume step jl).
• the method consists in using as a reference value the value of the maximum measured magnetic induction VM max (i) during the first use of the synchronous machine 1.
• the method consists in using as a reference value, a theoretical or predefined value VT max .
• the method consists in using as a reference value a decreasing value as a function of time VM max (i ) (t).
• a decreasing value results in a curve that is, for example, linear.
• the initial reference value of this decreasing curve can be either the measured value VM max (i) or the theoretical or predefined value VT max .
• the method consists in generating the alert information when the difference is greater than or equal to 20%.
• a smaller deviation can also be chosen, for example, without departing from the scope of the invention.
• the calculator 12 it is possible to determine concomitantly the absolute angular position of the rotor 3 and a normal or premature aging of the permanent magnets 4 or some permanent magnets 4 according to the method described above.
• the computer 12 can thus identify which of the permanent magnets 4 are to be replaced if it is desired to maintain the good performance of the synchronous machine 1, even when the measurements have been made during a phase of rotation of the synchronous machine 1.
• the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to measure the magnetic field, that the synchronous machine 1 operates at no load or in load, for example in traction or braking when it is a motor -wheel.
• this measurement of the magnetic field depends on the intensity of the electric current supplied to the motor, so it is necessary to map the machine to have a reference curve of the expected magnetic field according to the intensity of the electric current supplied to the motor. the synchronous machine.
• This mapping of the synchronous machine is preferably performed at the manufacturer on a new machine. It consists in taking measurements of the magnetic field by means of the Hall effect or magnetoresistance sensors during the operation of the synchronous machine 1. These measurements are then transmitted to an electronic unit, which also receives the motor current information coming from the sensors. current. These values therefore make it possible to establish charts, or other sets of reference data, for the operation of a new synchronous machine 1.
• This reference data is for example stored in the electronic unit of the angular position sensor la.
• an alert information S is then sent via the electronic unit.
• the method of the invention can be used on a synchronous machine 1 in charge, by means of an angular position sensor according to the invention embedded because integrated in the synchronous machine 1. It is of course possible to use it on a test bench during maintenance operations of the synchronous machine 1, for example when stopped or during a free rotation, without traction or braking.
• the process according to the invention also makes it possible to measurement of the magnetic field for the permanent magnets 4 situated in front of the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 when the synchronous machine 1 is at a standstill.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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• 2014
  • 2014-02-24 FR FR1451452A patent/FR3017961B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-02-20 WO PCT/FR2015/050414 patent/WO2015124876A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-02-20 CN CN201580010074.6A patent/CN106258002B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-20 CA CA2938746A patent/CA2938746A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-02-20 US US15/119,962 patent/US10261130B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-20 AU AU2015220658A patent/AU2015220658B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-20 KR KR1020167025877A patent/KR20160125438A/ko unknown
  • 2015-02-20 EP EP15709288.3A patent/EP3111244A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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