EP3109401A1 - Feuerfeste membran und verfahren zur herstellung davon - Google Patents

Feuerfeste membran und verfahren zur herstellung davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3109401A1
EP3109401A1 EP16174929.6A EP16174929A EP3109401A1 EP 3109401 A1 EP3109401 A1 EP 3109401A1 EP 16174929 A EP16174929 A EP 16174929A EP 3109401 A1 EP3109401 A1 EP 3109401A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
lining
fire
edge
cross sectional
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16174929.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3109401B1 (de
Inventor
John Oldroyd Cheetham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cheetham John Oldroyd
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Cheetham John Oldroyd
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Application filed by Cheetham John Oldroyd filed Critical Cheetham John Oldroyd
Publication of EP3109401A1 publication Critical patent/EP3109401A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3109401B1 publication Critical patent/EP3109401B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire protected lining or membrane of a plastic material to be used in association with supporting structures, such as for example tunnel walls, wherein a surface of the supporting structure is provided with a thin lining or membrane fixed to the surface of the supporting structure by means of bolts, and where the membrane or lining may be exposed to the possibilities of open flames or fire.
  • the invention relates also to a method for improving fire resistance of a lining or membrane of a plastic material to be used in association with supporting structures, such as for example tunnel walls, wherein a surface of the supporting structure is provided with a thin lining or membrane fixed to the surface by means of bolts, and where the membrane or lining is exposed to the possibilities of open flames or fire on the surface facing the tunnel cavity.
  • tunnels When building tunnels, it is of importance to make the tunnel safe. Water and loose rock must be prevented from dropping down into the tunnel, casing hazards for the road-users. Moreover it is also of importance to build tunnels that are heat insulated or at least have a lining or membrane preventing ice, water or rock to drop into the tunnel cavity. Such lining or membrane, possibly also the insulating material used, is made of a plastic material and care must be taken to design a solution that is not prone to fire.
  • governmental rules and regulations specifies requirements that the lining or membrane used as lining in tunnels must i) withstand flames directed perpendicular on the plane lining surface over a certain period of time, and ii) also withstand flames directed more or less perpendicular on the edge cross sectional surface.
  • lining or membrane subsequent to installation in cross-wise arranged sections in the tunnel is provided with reinforcement on the side facing the tunnel and then coated or covered with concrete. It is therefor a requirement that the lining or membrane to be used in tunnels must meet both these requirements. It should be appreciated that most prior art membranes used meet the requirement i), i.e. they are able to withstand flames directed perpendicular on the plane surface. Few if any of the prior art linings or membrane do, however meet the second requirement, requirement ii), i.e. being able to resist fire when exposed to flames acting perpendicular on the end surface of any of the four edges/overlapping ends.
  • tape In this specification a term “tape” is used. It should be appreciated that the term “tape” shall not be construed in a limiting manner to a tape with or without a adhesive on a surface, but should encompass a profile, for example made of aluminum clipped on to the membrane edges and possibly fixed either by a roller system or a clamping device; a band; a layer of a flame resistant material painted on the ends or extruded onto the ends during extrusion of the lining or membrane, such material for example being a flame resistant or retardant PVC, also including a flame resistant string welded or extruded to/onto the edge of the membrane; or a folded end, all preventing the end surface of the membrane or lining to be exposed directly to fire during periods where such ends may be exposed to open flames or fire. Fire protective and resistant materials including fire protective plastic materials, e.g. fire protective polypropylene or polyethylene compounds/compositions, are well known to the skilled person in the field and are therefore not disclosed in more detail.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane or lining that enhances safety for road-users when travelling through a tunnel.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the risks of fire propagation in tunnels in case of a burning vehicle or its goods.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane or lining intended to be supported by a building structure that meet all fire protecting requirements listed in governmental rules and regulations.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for establishing enhanced fire protective membranes or linings to be used in fire exposer areas, in particular of thin membranes and linings.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an expedient and effective method for establishing enhanced fire protection when using membranes or lining made of plastic materials, in particular made of thin plastic materials.
  • a fire protection is added to at least one end edge surface of the lining or membrane, the added fire protection being configured in such way that the edge of the lining or membrane is prevented from catching fire when exposed to open flames or a burning object.
  • the advantage of this method is an improved fire protection of the membrane when exposed to flames directed more or less perpendicular on the edge cross sectional surface.
  • Both the edge cross sectional surface and a part on both side of the edge cross sectional surface may be provided with the fire protection.
  • said part may on both side of the edge cross sectional surface be provided with an uneven surface, for example a number of small height fins, grooves or undulations, either in parallel with the edge or perpendicularly arranged with respect to said edge.
  • the fire protection may be obtained by attaching a tape along the edge on one or both side.
  • said tape may be folded around the edge cross sectional surface, covering said edge surface.
  • the edge surface is covered by a coating, for example added during the extrusion process.
  • a fire protected lining or membrane of a plastic material to be used in association with supporting structures, such as for example tunnel walls, wherein a surface of the structure is provided with a lining or membrane fixed to the surface of the supporting structure by means of bolts, and where the membrane or lining may be exposed to the possibilities of open flams or fire, wherein a fire protection with a fire protective surface is arranged at least along one of the edges of the lining or membrane, the fire protective surface covering at least the end surface of the membrane or lining.
  • both the edge cross sectional surface and a part on both side of the edge cross sectional surface are covered by a fire protection.
  • Said fire protection may be in the form of a tape arranged along the edge on one or both sides.
  • the protection may be in the form of a single tape which is folded around the edge cross sectional surface, covering said edge surface.
  • the edge surface may be covered by a coating, preferably an extruded string (18), for example added during the extrusion process.
  • the plastic membrane or lining has a thickness of no more than 5 mm, preferably 3 mm or less, and more preferably between 0.5 mm and 3 mm.
  • Said part on both side of the edge cross sectional surface may have an uneven surface, for example a number of small height fins, grooves or undulations, either in parallel with the edge or perpendicularly arranged with respect to said edge, in order to obtain enhanced fixture for the fire protection.
  • the fire protection may either be obtained by applying a curing fire protective paint or paste to the at least end surfaces of the membrane or linings; applying a folded tape over the end surface and at least one edge surface portion of the membrane or lining, either by using a tape with glue on one side; obtaining fixing by means of hot air supplied to the tape upstream of a pair of pressure rollers or by means of thermal rollers.
  • the tape may be folded around the end surface and affixed to the membrane by means of sewing or stitching.
  • the sewing machine may be connected to the production line for extruding and forming the membrane, the sewing occurring simultaneously with the extrusion and forming of the membrane or lining.
  • a "thin" plastic membrane or lining is to be understood as a membrane or lining with a thickness being typically about 5 mm or less, preferably about 3 mm or less, and more preferably in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 mm.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a first step in adding a fire protection 11 to the end surface 12 of a thin membrane or lining 10, for example with a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the thickness of the membrane or lining 10 is reduced along the end or edge surface 12 of the membrane or lining 10.
  • the height h of the edge portion with reduced thickness may for example be in the range of 10 mm to 30 mm, while the part with reduced thickness may have a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • a preferred reduction in the thickness may be by twice the thickness of possible fire protective tape 11 to be applied on one side or folded around the end surface 12, covering both the end 12 surface, the reason being to avoid possible build up when rolling the fabricated membrane or lining 10 on rolls (not shown).
  • the portion with reduced thickness extends continuously along the entire edge length of the membrane or lining 10. Moreover, such portion with reduced thickness may be continuously provided along both edge surfaces.
  • the fire protection (not shown) may be in the form of a paste or paint applied to both the end surface 12 and at least one of, but preferably to both of the edge surfaces 13 with reduced thickness.
  • the reduction in thickness is obtained by a pair of rollers 14, rotating around parallel axes 14'.
  • the width of the rollers 14 are configured so as to provide a required height h of the portion with reduced thickness.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of the present invention, where rotating rollers 14 are used for folding a fire protective tape 15 around the end surface 12 and also covering the edge surface 13, at least on one side, preferably on both sides of the membrane or lining 10.
  • the reduced thickness portion of the edge surface may be produced in a step by pair of rollers (not shown) upstream of the rollers 14 for folding the tape 15 around the end surface.
  • the portion with reduced thickness may be provided with the same pair of rollers 14 that folds the tape 15 around the end surface 12 to form the fire protection 11 of the end surface 12.
  • the tape 15 may be of a type provided with glue on the surface side intended to face and be in contact with the membrane or lining 10.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a second embodiment of the present invention where hot air is applied to the tape 15 by means of a nozzle 16, receiving hot air from a hot air source (not shown), in order to obtain softness and binding with the membrane or lining 10.
  • the hot air is supplied just upstream of the pair of rollers 14.
  • the features and properties may be as described in conjunction with Figure 1 or 2 .
  • Figure 4 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the present invention where heat for fixing the tape 15 to the membrane or lining 11 is delivered by thermal rollers 17. Otherwise the features, functions, etc., correspond to those of described in connection with Figure 1 or 2 .
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a vertical section through a part of an end portion of a membrane or lining 10, where the end surface 12 along the entire edge is provided with a portion 13 with reduce thickness and with a tape 15 folded around the end surface 12 by means of rollers 14.
  • a bead or string 18 of a fire resistant material is arranged in the space or void between the end surface 12 and the fold of the tape 13 .
  • the bead or string 18 may be fixed on the tape or band 15 as a continuous, elongate string, configured in such way as to add fire protecting properties to the end surface of the membrane or lining 10.
  • such area on one or both sides may be provided with grooves or low height ribs or undulations or the like as part of the rolling process, the purpose and effect of these grooves or ribs being to enhance the adhesion effect of the tape.
  • These ribs, grooves, undulations or the like may either extend in longitudinal direction of the membrane or lining, or be arranged normal to the end surface in question.
  • Such unevenness provides increased exposure area and enhanced fixture for paint or material applied to the contact surface between the membrane ends and applied material. During possible thermal adhesion such uneven surfaces secures also a better fixture of the tape or band to be attached along the membrane edges.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically another embodiment of the present invention wherein a fire protective string 18 is heat welded by means of a nozzle 16, receiving hot air from a source 30, to an end surface 12 of the membrane or lining 10, such that the string 18 functions as a fire protective end surface of the membrane or lining.
  • the string 18 is thereafter rolled flat (not shown), thereby achieving more or less the same thickness of the membrane or lining.
  • the advantage of this additional step is an improved storage when the fabricated membrane or lining 10 is rolled up.
  • the protected membrane or lining then has the same thickness everywhere and possible build up is avoided when rolling up the said fabricated membrane.
  • the string 18 is preferably made of a fire protective plastic material suitable for thermal welding and compatible to the membrane or lining 10.
  • fire protective polyethylene or polypropylene compound/composition is used for the string material. Typical temperatures applied during welding are 500 °C or less depending on the exposure time to the hot air and the type of material used.
  • Figure 7 shows schematically another embodiment of the present invention wherein the fire protective string 18 from Figure 6 is extruded onto the end surface 12 of an already produced lining or membrane 10 by means of an extrusion machine 32.
  • the string is thereby typically made from a fire protected plastic material suitable for extrusion, such as compositions based on polyethylene or polypropylene. Typical temperatures used during extrusion are around 200 °C.
  • the attached string can thereafter be flat rolled to obtain the same thickness as the membrane 10.
  • Figure 8 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the fire protective strip 18 of Figure 7 is applied to the end surface 12 of a membrane 10 during the extrusion process of said membrane 10, when the membrane 10 is still in a melted stage.
  • the string material is supply via a pipe 46, e.g. as pellets or as a string, to a side extruder 42 arranged in or in connection to the die of a membrane extrusion machine 44 used in the extrusion process of the membrane 10.
  • the extruded material is transported further through a channel 48 with a nozzle (not shown) to the end surface 12.
  • the same plastic material as described in Figure 7 may be used for the string 18.
  • the string may by extruded on the membrane right after the extrusion of the membrane when the membrane is still in a melted stage (not shown).
  • the membrane 10 with the extruded string 18 on the end surface 12 is in both alternatives typically further processed by rollers and calendaring (not shown).
  • the extrusion machine 44 (die) for the membrane and the side extruder 42 used for extruding of the string 18 may be separated units or form an integrated unit.
  • Figure 9 shows schematically a cross sectional view of a tunnel 22, showing two membrane sheets 10 assembled and overlapping by means of a joint 19 at the top og the tunnel 22.
  • the joint is shown in more detail in Figure 10 , comprising two adjoining membrane or lining ends, each provided with the protective fire protections 11 according to the present invention.
  • the joint includes a lug 23 on each side of the lining 10 and the ends are welded together along two parallel weld seams 20.
  • Figure 11 a shows schematically an end view of a lining or membrane 10, where only the upper half of the membrane edge end 13 is rolled to half the thickness of the remaining part of the membrane 10; while Figure 10b shows an end view of the end view shown in Figure 11 a, where the end is folded back and providing an end configuration where the end surface 12 will not be exposed, the exposed end surface being in the form of a bend 21, enhancing the fire resistance of the membrane.
  • the membrane 10 at appropriate places may be provided with closable openings for access to the backside of the membrane, or apertures for air ducts or the like.
  • the edges of the aperture or opening may be fire protected as indicated above under appropriate working conditions, establishing an adequate end protection.
  • the circumferential end surface of the openings or apertures may also be protected with a fire protection as outlined above.
  • end protections as indicated above must be applied in situ.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP16174929.6A 2015-06-17 2016-06-17 Feuerfeste membran und verfahren zu deren herstellung Active EP3109401B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20150794A NO342991B1 (en) 2015-06-17 2015-06-17 Fire Proofed Membrane and Method for Fabrication of Same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3109401A1 true EP3109401A1 (de) 2016-12-28
EP3109401B1 EP3109401B1 (de) 2019-11-20

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ID=56561200

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16174929.6A Active EP3109401B1 (de) 2015-06-17 2016-06-17 Feuerfeste membran und verfahren zu deren herstellung

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3109401B1 (de)
NO (1) NO342991B1 (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH611961A5 (en) * 1976-12-16 1979-06-29 Sarna Kunststoff Ag Connecting arrangement with connecting piece and two plates or sheets connected in a liquid-tight manner by said connecting piece
DE8903593U1 (de) * 1989-03-22 1989-05-18 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Abdichtungsbahn für Frostsicherung für Tunnel im standfesten Gebirge
US5470178A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-11-28 Weholt; Raymond L. Insulating tunnel liner system
WO2003051599A1 (de) * 2001-12-19 2003-06-26 Fagerdala World Foams Ab Wärmeisolierung aus kunststoffschaum
DE20218373U1 (de) * 2002-11-27 2004-04-01 Fischerwerke Artur Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Brandschutzplatte mit vormontiertem Hinterlegungsstreifen
CN201679105U (zh) * 2010-05-31 2010-12-22 姚志刚 吸音防潮透气薄膜

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US4046951A (en) * 1976-11-01 1977-09-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Laminated transparent assembly with edge sealing means
JPS5534282A (en) * 1979-07-09 1980-03-10 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Preparation of polymer with high radiation stability
DE3118597A1 (de) * 1981-05-11 1982-11-25 Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen Daemmstoffbahn, insbesondere aus mineralfaserfilz, mit einer aufgeklebten kaschierung, sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
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US5032447A (en) * 1988-06-08 1991-07-16 Bailey Douglas J Fire barrier material
JP3100872B2 (ja) * 1995-06-19 2000-10-23 クレハエラストマー株式会社 遮水シートの接合方法
GB2328644B (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-07-21 Thermal Economics Limited Improved fire retardent insulation materials
JP2000213082A (ja) * 1999-01-25 2000-08-02 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 耐火被覆材
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ATE333538T1 (de) * 2000-04-08 2006-08-15 Zueblin Ag Tunnelverkleidung aus textilbewehrtem beton
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Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH611961A5 (en) * 1976-12-16 1979-06-29 Sarna Kunststoff Ag Connecting arrangement with connecting piece and two plates or sheets connected in a liquid-tight manner by said connecting piece
DE8903593U1 (de) * 1989-03-22 1989-05-18 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Abdichtungsbahn für Frostsicherung für Tunnel im standfesten Gebirge
US5470178A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-11-28 Weholt; Raymond L. Insulating tunnel liner system
WO2003051599A1 (de) * 2001-12-19 2003-06-26 Fagerdala World Foams Ab Wärmeisolierung aus kunststoffschaum
DE20218373U1 (de) * 2002-11-27 2004-04-01 Fischerwerke Artur Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Brandschutzplatte mit vormontiertem Hinterlegungsstreifen
CN201679105U (zh) * 2010-05-31 2010-12-22 姚志刚 吸音防潮透气薄膜

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3109401B1 (de) 2019-11-20
NO20150794A1 (en) 2016-12-19
NO342991B1 (en) 2018-09-17

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