EP3094915B1 - Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bandes metalliques - Google Patents

Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bandes metalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3094915B1
EP3094915B1 EP14831013.9A EP14831013A EP3094915B1 EP 3094915 B1 EP3094915 B1 EP 3094915B1 EP 14831013 A EP14831013 A EP 14831013A EP 3094915 B1 EP3094915 B1 EP 3094915B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
metal
strake
thickness
strip
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14831013.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3094915A2 (fr
Inventor
Nicolas LAURAIN
Roland PANIER
Pierre-Louis Reydet
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F17C2203/0651—Invar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of the manufacture of sealed and thermally insulating tanks and their constituent parts.
  • the present invention relates to tanks for the storage or transport of cold or hot liquids, for example tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas by sea.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • a storage tank integrated in the hull of a ship whose sealed barrier, in particular a primary sealed barrier in contact with the product contained in the tank, consists of metal strakes which are connected together, in leaktight manner, by raised edges defining deformable bellows on either side of a welding wing. These strakes are connected at their ends to a connecting ring through the furring sheets both welded to the connecting ring and strakes.
  • such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the metal strake consists of a single metal strip extending in one piece between the two opposite edges of the tank wall, and in which the two end portions of the strip are more thick as the intermediate portion and are each assembled to the respective stop structure at opposite edges of the vessel wall.
  • the metal strake comprises a second continuous metal strip joined end to end with the first continuous metal strip in the extension of the first continuous metal strip, in which each of the two continuous metal strips has, at the level of the zone assembly of the two metal strips, an end portion thicker than the intermediate portion of the strip.
  • At least one of the two continuous metal strips has, at the end opposite the assembly zone of the two metal strips, a second end portion that is thicker than the intermediate portion of the strip, the second end portion being joined to the stop structure at an edge of the vessel wall.
  • At least one of the two continuous metal strips has, at the end opposite the assembly zone of the two metal strips, a second end portion of the same thickness as the intermediate portion of the strip, the second end portion being joined to the stop structure at an edge of the vessel wall.
  • each end portion of the strake is sealingly welded to the respective stop structure.
  • the strake is welded to the stop structure by a CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) or TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) process or by welding. Cold.
  • CMT Cold Metal Transfer
  • TIG Tungsten Inert Gas
  • the stop structure comprises a plate positioned above the insulation barrier and the end portion comprises a first segment resting on the plate of the stop structure and a second segment in pressing on the thermal insulation barrier, the first segment and the second segment being connected by a folded segment forming a recess in the direction of thickness of the metal strake.
  • the welding wings are interrupted before the end of the metal strake, the raised edges of two adjacent metal strips being welded to each other by an edge weld disposed on a portion of their length to the end of the metal strake.
  • the edge edge welds are made using a cold metal or TIG with wire transfer method.
  • the end portion has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.9 mm.
  • the intermediate portion has a thickness of less than 0.9 mm and preferably a thickness of 0.7 mm.
  • the stop structure is welded to a supporting wall.
  • the metal strake and the stop structure are made of nickel alloy steel with a low coefficient of expansion, in particular known as Invar®.
  • the metal strake is made of iron-based alloy and comprises by weight: 34.5 % ⁇ Or ⁇ 53.5 % 0.15 % ⁇ mn ⁇ 1.5 % 0 ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % , preferably 0.1 % ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % 0 ⁇ VS ⁇ 0.07 % optionally: 0 ⁇ Co ⁇ 20 % 0 ⁇ Ti ⁇ 0.5 % 0.01 % ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.5 % the rest being iron and impurities necessarily resulting from the elaboration.
  • the thickness varies gradually over a distance of 500mm. According to embodiments, the end portion extends over 400mm.
  • Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • the first reinforced zone has a first average grain size and the second zone has a second average grain size, the difference in absolute value between the first grain size and the second grain size being less than or equal to at 0.5 index according to ASTM E1 12-10.
  • the iron-based alloy comprises by weight: 34.5 ⁇ Or ⁇ 42.5 % 0.15 % ⁇ mn ⁇ 0.5 % 0.1 % ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % 0,010 % ⁇ VS ⁇ 0,050 % optionally: 0 ⁇ Co ⁇ 20 % 0 ⁇ Ti ⁇ 0.5 % 0.01 % ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.5 % the rest being iron and impurities necessarily resulting from the elaboration.
  • the invention starts from the observation that the quantity of material necessary for the manufacture of a bearing structure comprising a sealed and thermally insulated tank depends on the fatigue resistance of the tank.
  • the fatigue resistance of the tank depends on the fatigue resistance of the welds present on the impervious barriers forming the tank.
  • an idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulated tank which comprises a sealed barrier having good fatigue resistance while limiting the amount of material necessary for producing such a sealed barrier.
  • the impervious barrier is made using strakes extending in one piece between two stop structures, and the strakes have a variable thickness so as to be directly connected to the structures. stop at their ends while having a smaller thickness between these ends.
  • the waterproof barrier is made using strakes composed of several bands welded end to end to each other at the reinforced portions of these strips, so that the resistance of this welded assembly is high.
  • Certain aspects of the invention start from the idea of connecting the strakes to the stop structures with the aid of a weld having good resistance to fatigue.
  • the figure 1 represents watertight and insulating walls of a tank integrated in a carrying structure of a ship.
  • the bearing structure of the tank is here constituted by the inner hull of a double-hulled vessel, the bottom wall of which has been represented by the number 1, and by transverse partitions 2, which define compartments in the inner hull of the ship.
  • the walls of the supporting structure are adjacent two by two at edges.
  • a corresponding wall of the tank is made by superposing, successively, a secondary insulation layer 3, a secondary sealed barrier 4, a primary insulation layer 5 and a primary sealed barrier 6.
  • a connecting ring 10 in the form of a square tube.
  • the connecting ring 10 forms a structure which makes it possible to take up the tension forces resulting from the thermal contraction, in particular the metallic elements forming the impermeable barriers, the deformation of the hull at sea and the movements of the cargo.
  • a possible structure of the connecting ring 10 is described in more detail in FR-A-2549575 .
  • the primary insulating layer and the secondary insulating layer consist of heat-insulating element and more particularly parallelepiped heat insulating boxes 20 and 21 juxtaposed in a regular pattern.
  • Each insulating casing 20 and 21 has a bottom panel and a cover panel 23.
  • Side panels 24 and internal webs 25 extend between the bottom panel and the cover panel 23.
  • the panels delimit a space in which is setting up a heat insulating lining which may for example consist of expanded perlite.
  • Each box 20 and 21 is held on the supporting structure by means of anchoring members 26.
  • the boxes 20 and 21 of the primary insulating layer 5 and the secondary insulating layer 3 bear respectively the primary watertight barrier 6 and the secondary watertight barrier 4.
  • the secondary 4 and primary 6 watertight barriers each consist of a series of parallel Invar® 8 strakes with raised edges, which are alternately arranged with elongate welding supports 9, also in Invar®.
  • the strakes 8 extend from a first square tube at a first transverse partition 2 to a second square tube of a second not shown transverse partition located at an opposite side of the vessel.
  • the raised edges 13 of the strakes are welded to the welding supports 9 in a sealed manner.
  • the soldering supports 9 are retained each time at the underlying insulating layer 3 or 5, for example by being housed in the inverted T-shaped grooves 7 formed in the cover panels 23 of the boxes 20 and 21.
  • This alternating structure is formed over the entire surface of the walls, which may involve very long lengths of strakes 8.
  • the sealed welds between the raised edges 13 of the strakes 8 and the welding supports 9 interposed between them can be made in the form of weld beads 17 rectilinear and parallel to the wall.
  • Strakes with raised edges 8 are connected directly to the connecting ring 10.
  • the straightened edge strakes 8 have an end edge 11 welded continuously to the fins Inva® 27, 28 of the connecting ring. 10 to resume tension efforts.
  • the primary watertight barrier 5 and the secondary watertight barrier 3 are thus welded respectively to a primary fin 27 and a secondary fin 28.
  • Primary heat insulating caissons 20 are positioned between the primary fin 27 and the secondary fin 28.
  • the primary fin 27 is attached to the primary heat insulated casings 20 by screws 30.
  • the secondary vane 28 is fixed in the same way on the secondary heat insulating elements.
  • the square tube is connected to the walls 1 and 2 by means of plates 31 which extend in the continuity of the sealed membranes 4 and 6 and fins 27, 28. These plates 31 are welded to flat welded perpendicularly to the walls 1 and 2 of the supporting structure.
  • the figure 2 shows in greater detail the zone of connection of two strakes 8 of the primary watertight barrier 6 on the welding fin 27. It should be noted that the zone of connection of the strakes 8 of the secondary watertight barrier 4 on the welding wing 28 is performed in the same way.
  • the raised edges 13 of the raised edge strake 8 have a profile including an inclined portion 14 which rises progressively from the edge 11 in the direction of the strakes 8, then a horizontal portion 15.
  • the strakes 8 are welded edge to edge continuous and sealed at their upper edge along a first portion 29 using a CMT automatic process.
  • the welding support 9 interposed between two strakes 8 ends slightly before the fin 27.
  • the tight connection between the raised edges 13 of the strakes 8 and the weld supports 9 is formed by the straight weld beads 17, which extend approximately halfway up the raised edges 13 on either side of the weld support 9 and parallel to the support surface.
  • the welding beads 17 are made by a welding machine with wheels.
  • the rectilinear weld bead 17 extends to near the first portion 29, the weld bead then has an upward curvature to join the edge weld edge-to-edge on the first portion 29.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in greater detail the arrangement of the vessel wall at the seam between the fin 27 of the connecting ring 10 and the raised-edge strake 8 presented in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the fin 27 is fixed on the heat-insulating elements 20 by means of screws 30 passing through the fin 27 and screwed into the upper panels 23 of the heat-insulating elements 20.
  • the fastening by means of a screw enables the fin 27 to be stabilized.
  • the strake 8 extends in one piece between its two end edges 11. Between these two end edges the strake 8 is, on a first part of its length, resting on the fins 27 and on a second part of its length, resting on the primary insulating layer 5.
  • the strake 8 has a folded segment 34, to ensure the support of the strake 8 on both the fin 27 and the primary insulating layer 5, for most of its lower surface.
  • the folded section extends near the edge of the fin 27 parallel to the fin 27 and compensates for the thickness thereof.
  • the strake 8 further has a variable thickness along its length.
  • the strake 8 has at its end edges 11 a thick portion 33 fixed to the fins 27.
  • a thin portion 35 extends between the thick portions 33 and has a constant thickness.
  • the thin portion 35 is connected to the thick portions 33 by transition portions 36 in which the thickness gradually decreases from each thick portion 33 to the thin portion 35.
  • the thick portion 33 has a thickness of 0.9mm and extends over a length of 400mm and comprises the folded segment 34.
  • the transition portion 36 then extends over a distance of 500mm and has a thickness decreasing from 0.9mm to 0.7mm.
  • most of the tank wall is covered by the thin portion 35 of the strake 8 which has a thickness of 0.7mm.
  • the thick portion 33 is connected to the fin 27 by a weld bead 37 made between the edge 11 of the strake 8 and the upper surface of the fin 27, the fin 27 having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • the weld bead making the junction between the strake 8 and the fin 27, namely the welding of a 0.9mm thick strip on a 1.5mm thick strip has good fatigue resistance.
  • a strake 8 of variable thickness makes it possible to avoid or limit the use, in the length of the strake 8, of a set of metal sheets having different thicknesses, interconnected by weld seams that have insufficient fatigue strength.
  • a weld made between a sheet of 0.9mm and a sheet of 0.7mm has a lower fatigue resistance than a weld between a sheet of 0.9mm and a sheet of 1.5mm.
  • the lower the fatigue resistance of the sealed barrier the more necessary hull criteria for the vessel in which the tank is integrated are binding, which requires stiffening of the hull important. This stiffening of the hull is reflected in particular by a large amount of steel necessary for the realization of the hull.
  • strake 8 whose thickness varies along its length allows for a waterproof membrane 6 having good fatigue resistance, while avoiding the use of thick strakes along their entire length.
  • a tank as described above can be incorporated into a ship adapted to a dynamic hull criterion of 95 MPa and a static hull criterion of 145 MPa.
  • strake 8 made in one piece over the entire length of the wall also makes it possible to reduce the welding time required for the production of the primary watertight barrier 6 and to reduce the control times of the welds in tank.
  • the secondary watertight barrier 4 has a configuration similar to the configuration of the primary watertight barrier 6.
  • Strake 8 of variable thickness can be obtained by a method which will be described below. An example of a method of manufacturing a band of varying thickness according to its alloy length mainly based on iron and nickel will first be described.
  • an initial strip 101 obtained by hot rolling is provided.
  • the initial band 101 is a cryogenic Invar type alloy strip.
  • This alloy comprises by weight: 34.5 % ⁇ Or ⁇ 53.5 % 0.15 % ⁇ mn ⁇ 1.5 % 0 ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % , preferably 0.1 % ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % 0 ⁇ VS ⁇ 0.07 % optionally: 0 ⁇ Co ⁇ 20 % 0 ⁇ Ti ⁇ 0.5 % 0.01 % ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.5 % the rest being iron and impurities necessarily resulting from the elaboration.
  • the function of the silicon is notably to allow the deoxidation and to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
  • the alloy used has the following composition, in% by weight: 34.5 ⁇ Or ⁇ 42.5 % 0.15 % ⁇ mn ⁇ 0.5 % 0 ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % , preferably 0.1 % ⁇ Yes ⁇ 0.35 % 0,010 % ⁇ VS ⁇ 0,050 % optionally: 0 ⁇ Co ⁇ 20 % 0 ⁇ Ti ⁇ 0.5 % 0.01 % ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.5 % the rest being iron and impurities necessarily resulting from the elaboration.
  • Such an alloy is a cryogenic Invar® type alloy.
  • the trade name of this alloy is Invar®-M93.
  • the alloys used are produced in electric arc furnace or vacuum induction furnace.
  • the alloys are cast into semi-finished products, which are heat-treated, in particular by hot rolling, to obtain strips.
  • These semi-products are for example ingots.
  • it is slabs continuously cast by means of a continuous slab casting plant.
  • the strip thus obtained is etched and polished in a continuous process in order to limit its defects: calamine, oxidized penetration, straw and inhomogeneity in thickness in the direction of the length and the width of the strip.
  • the polishing is in particular carried out by means of grinding wheels or abrasive paper.
  • a function of the polishing is to eliminate the residues of the stripping.
  • the strip is subjected to a homogenization annealing of the microstructure.
  • This homogenization annealing of the microstructure is particularly carried out at run in a heat treatment furnace, called a homogenization annealing furnace of the microstructure in the following description, with a residence time in the homogenization annealing furnace of the microstructure of between 2 minutes and 25 minutes and a temperature of the strip during homogenization annealing of the microstructure between 850 ° C and 1200 ° C.
  • the initial band 101 has a constant thickness E 0 between 1.9 mm and 18 mm (see figure 5 ).
  • the initial web 101 is then rolled during a homogeneous cold rolling step.
  • the homogeneous rolling is carried out along the length of the initial band 101.
  • homogeneous rolling is meant a rolling transforming a band of constant thickness into a thinner band of constant thickness.
  • the homogeneous rolling step comprises one or more passes in a rolling mill where the band passes through a rolling gap delimited between working rolls.
  • the thickness of this rolling slot remains constant during each pass of the homogeneous rolling step.
  • This homogeneous rolling step results in an intermediate strip 103 of constant thickness E c according to the rolling direction, that is to say along the length of the intermediate strip 103 (cf. figure 6 ).
  • the homogeneous rolling step comprises at least one intermediate recrystallization annealing.
  • the intermediate recrystallization annealing is carried out between two successive homogeneous rolling passes. Alternatively or optionally, it is performed before the flexible rolling step at the end of the homogeneous rolling step, ie after all the rolling passes made during the homogeneous rolling step.
  • the intermediate recrystallization annealing is carried out by passing through an intermediate annealing furnace with a temperature of the strip during the intermediate annealing of between 850 ° C. and 1200 ° C. and residence time in the intermediate annealing furnace between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
  • the intermediate recrystallization annealing or if several is carried out, the last recrystallization intermediate annealing of the homogeneous rolling step, is carried out when the strip has a thickness E i between the thickness E 0 of the initial strip. 101 and the thickness E c of the intermediate band 103.
  • the thickness E i of the strip during the intermediate recrystallization annealing is equal to the thickness E c of the intermediate strip 103 at the beginning of the flexible rolling step.
  • a single recrystallization intermediate annealing is carried out.
  • this intermediate recrystallization annealing is carried out between two successive homogeneous rolling passes when the strip has a thickness E i strictly greater than the thickness E c of the intermediate strip 103.
  • the homogeneous rolling step does not include intermediate annealing.
  • the intermediate strip 103 of thickness E c obtained at the end of the homogeneous rolling step is then subjected to a cold flexible rolling step.
  • the flexible rolling is carried out in a rolling direction extending along the length of the intermediate strip 103.
  • the thickness of the rolling slot of the rolling mill used is continuously varied. This variation is a function of the desired thickness of the zone of the strip during rolling so as to obtain a strip of variable thickness along its length.
  • a strip 104 of variable thickness is obtained comprising first zones 107 having a first thickness e + s and second zones 110 having a second thickness e, smaller than the first thickness e + s.
  • the first thickness e + s and the second thickness e each correspond to a given rolling slot thickness.
  • the first zones 107 and the second zones 110 each have a substantially constant thickness, respectively e + s and e.
  • connection areas 111 are interconnected by connecting zones 111 of non-constant thickness along the length of the band 104 of variable thickness.
  • the thickness of the connection areas 111 varies between e and e + s. In one example, it varies linearly between e and e + s.
  • the homogeneous rolling step and the flexible rolling step generate in the first zones 107, that is to say in the thickest zones of the strip 104, a rate ⁇ 1 of plastic deformation, after a possible annealing. intermediate recrystallization, greater than or equal to 30%, more particularly between 30% and 98%, more particularly between 30% and 80%.
  • the rate ⁇ 1 of plastic deformation is advantageously greater than or equal to 35%, more particularly greater than or equal to 40%, and even more particularly greater than or equal to 50%.
  • the rate ⁇ 1 of plastic deformation is strictly less than the total reduction rate generated in the first zones 107 by the homogeneous rolling step and the cold flexible rolling step.
  • the rate ⁇ 2 of plastic deformation, after a possible intermediate recrystallization annealing, generated in the second zones 110, is strictly greater than the rate ⁇ 1 of plastic deformation in the first zones 107. It is calculated analogously, replacing e + s in formulas (1) and (2) above.
  • This difference ⁇ ⁇ is advantageously less than or equal to 13% if the thickness E 0 is strictly greater than 2 mm. It is advantageously less than or equal to 10% if the thickness E 0 is less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • the difference ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 10% if E 0 is strictly greater than 2mm, and the difference ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 8% if E 0 is less than or equal to 2mm.
  • the thickness E c of the intermediate strip 103 before the flexible rolling step is in particular equal to the thickness e of the second zones 110 multiplied by a reduction coefficient k of between 1.05 and 1.5.
  • k is approximately equal to 1.3.
  • the first thickness e + s is equal to the second thickness e multiplied by a multiplication coefficient of between 1.05 and 1.5.
  • the thickness e of the second zones 110 is between 0.05 mm and 10 mm, more particularly between 0.15 mm and 10 mm, even more particularly between 0.25 mm and 8.5 mm.
  • the thickness e is less than or equal to 2 mm, advantageously between 0.25 mm and 2 mm.
  • the thickness e is strictly greater than 2 mm, in particular between 2.1 mm and 10 mm, more particularly between 2.1 mm and 8.5 mm.
  • the band 104 of variable thickness resulting from the flexible rolling step is then subjected to a final recrystallization annealing.
  • the final recrystallization annealing is carried out in a final annealing furnace.
  • the temperature of the final annealing furnace is constant during the final recrystallization annealing.
  • the temperature of the web 104 during the final recrystallization anneal is between 850 ° C and 1200 ° C.
  • the residence time in the final annealing furnace is between 20 seconds and 5 minutes, more particularly between 30 seconds and 3 minutes.
  • the running speed of the web 104 in the final annealing furnace is constant. It is for example between 2m / min and 20m / min for a final annealing furnace with a heating length equal to 10m.
  • the temperature of the band 104 during the final annealing is 1025 ° C.
  • the residence time in the final annealing furnace is for example between 30 seconds and 60 seconds for a band 104 of variable thickness having second zones 110 of thickness e less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • the residence time in the final annealing furnace is for example between 3 minutes and 5 minutes for a band 104 of variable thickness having second zones 110 of thickness e strictly greater than 2 mm.
  • the residence time in the final annealing furnace, as well as the final annealing temperature, are chosen so as to obtain, after the final recrystallization annealing, a strip 104 having mechanical properties and grain sizes that are almost homogeneous between the first zones 107 and the second zones 110.
  • the remainder of the description specifies the meaning of "almost homogeneous”.
  • the final annealing is carried out under a reducing atmosphere, that is to say for example under pure hydrogen or under H 2 -N 2 atmosphere.
  • the frost temperature is preferably below -40 ° C.
  • the N 2 content can be between 0% and 95%.
  • the H 2 -N 2 atmosphere comprises, for example, approximately 70% of H 2 and 30% of N 2 .
  • the band 104 of variable thickness passes continuously from the flexible rolling mill to the final annealing furnace, that is to say without intermediate winding of the variable thickness band 104.
  • variable-thickness strip 104 is rolled up for transport to the final annealing furnace, then rolled out and subjected to the final recrystallization anneal.
  • the wound strip 104 has for example a length of between 100 m and 2500 m, especially if the thickness e of the second zones 110 of the strip 104 is approximately 0.7 mm.
  • first zones 107 of thickness e + s and second zones of thickness e possibly interconnected by connecting zones 111 of thickness varying between e and e + s.
  • the difference in absolute value between the average grain size of the first zones 107 and the average grain size of the second zones 110 is less than or equal to 0.5 index according to ASTM standard E1 12-10.
  • the average grain size in ASTM index is determined using the standard image comparison method described in ASTM E1 12-10. According to this method, in order to determine the average grain size of a sample, an image of the screen grain structure obtained by means of an optical microscope at a given magnification of the sample having undergone a dye attack is compared ( Contrast etch in English) with typical images illustrating twinned grains of different sizes having undergone a coloring attack (corresponding to plate III of the standard). The average grain size index of the sample is determined as the index corresponding to the magnification used on the standard image most closely resembling the image seen on the microscope screen.
  • the index of the average grain size of the image seen under the microscope is determined as being the arithmetic mean between the corresponding indices. magnification used worn on each of the two typical images.
  • the G1 ASTM index of the average grain size of the first zones 107 is at most 0.5 less than the G2 ASTM index of the average grain size of the second zones 110.
  • the band 104 of variable thickness may have almost homogeneous mechanical properties.
  • elastic limit at 0.2% is meant, in a conventional manner, the value of the stress at 0.2% of plastic deformation.
  • the load at break corresponds to the maximum stress before necking of the test sample.
  • the band 104 of variable thickness has a repeating pattern periodically along the entire length of the strip 104.
  • This pattern comprises successively a half of the first zone 107 of length The 1 2 , a linking zone 111 of length L3, a second zone 110 of length L2, a connecting zone 111 of length L3 and a first zone half 107 of length The 1 2 .
  • the length L2 of the second zone 110 is very clearly greater than the length L1 of the first zone 107.
  • the length L2 is between 20 and 100 times the length L1.
  • Each sequence formed of a first zone 107 flanked by two connecting zones 111 forms a zone of excess thickness of the band 104 of variable thickness, that is to say a zone of thickness greater than e.
  • the band 104 of variable thickness comprises second zones 110 of length L2 of thickness e, separated from each other by zones of extra thickness.
  • the strip 104 of variable thickness is cut in the zones of excess thickness, preferably in the middle of the zones of extra thickness.
  • blanks 112 illustrated on the figure 8 comprising a second zone of length L2 framed at each of its longitudinal ends by a connecting zone 111 of length L3 and by a half of first zone 107 of length The 1 2 .
  • the blanks 112 are planed according to a known planing method.
  • the blanks 112 are then wound in coils to the unit.
  • the strip 104 of variable thickness is planed after the final recrystallization annealing and before the blanks 112 are cut.
  • the web 104 of variable thickness which is planar, is cut in the zones of excess thickness to form the blanks 112.
  • the strip 104 is cut in the middle of the excess thickness zones.
  • the cutting is for example carried out on the leveling machine used for the flattening of the strip 104.
  • the flat strip 104 is wound into a coil and then cut on a machine different from the planer.
  • the blanks 112 are then wound in coils to the unit.
  • blanks 112 formed of a workpiece comprising a central zone 113 of thickness e, framed by reinforced ends 114, ie of thickness greater than the thickness e of the zone, are obtained by means of the manufacturing method described above.
  • the ends 114 correspond to zones of excess thickness of the band 104 of variable thickness and the central zone 113 corresponds to a second zone 110 of the band 104 of variable thickness from which the blank 112 has been cut.
  • the blanks 112 may for example be obtained by cutting the strip 104 at other places than in two zones of successive overthicknesses. For example, they can be obtained by cutting alternately in a zone of extra thickness and in a second zone 110. In this case, blanks 112 having a single reinforced end 114 having a thickness greater than e are obtained. Such a flank makes it possible to obtain the strake 108 of the figure 11
  • They can also be obtained by cutting in two second successive zones 110.
  • a blank 112 with a second piece 116 by welding one of the reinforced ends 114 of the blank 112 to an edge of the second piece 16.
  • the thickness of the second piece 116 is preferably greater than the thickness of the blank.
  • the weld performed is more particularly a weld clap, also called lap weld.
  • the piece 116 may be a blank 112 as described above.
  • the second thickness e is in particular approximately equal to 0.7 mm.
  • the first thickness e + s is approximately equal to 0.9 mm.
  • a non-planar piece is formed from the blank 112.
  • the method of manufacturing a strip of variable thickness along its length described above is particularly advantageous. Indeed, it makes it possible to obtain an alloy strip mainly based on iron and nickel having the chemical composition defined above having zones of different thicknesses but quasi-homogeneous mechanical properties. These properties are obtained through the use of a plastic deformation rate after a possible recrystallization intermediate annealing generated by the homogeneous rolling and flexible rolling steps in the thickest zones greater than or equal to 30%.
  • strips of variable thickness have been manufactured, that is to say strips 104 of variable thickness whose thickness e of the second zones 10 is less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • Table 1 illustrates the manufacturing trials of strips of variable thickness without intermediate recrystallization annealing.
  • Table 2 below contains characteristics of the strips obtained by the tests in Table 1.
  • Table 3 illustrates the manufacturing trials of strips of variable thickness with an intermediate recrystallization annealing at the thickness E i .
  • Table 4 below contains characteristics of the strips obtained by the tests in Table 3.
  • sheets of variable thickness have been manufactured, that is to say strips 104 of variable thickness whose thickness e of the second zones 110 is strictly greater than 2 mm.
  • Table 5 illustrates tests for manufacturing sheets of variable thickness with or without intermediate annealing.
  • Table 6 below contains characteristics of the sheets obtained by the tests in Table 5.
  • the strip 104 of variable thickness obtained has a difference in average grain size between the average grain size of the first zones 107 (thickness e + s) and the grain size of the second zones 110 (thickness e) less than or equal to 0.5 ASTM index in absolute value.
  • This small difference in average grain size between the first zones 107 and the second zones 110 results in quasi-homogeneous mechanical properties, namely a difference of 0.2% elastic limit ⁇ Rp between the first zones 107 and the second zones 110. zones 110 less than or equal to 6 MPa in absolute value, and a difference between the load at break ⁇ Rm of the first zones 107 and the second zones 110 less than or equal to 6 MPa in absolute value.
  • the figure 11 is a schematic view from above of the primary waterproof membrane of a wall of a sealed and insulating tank constructed similarly to the tank of the figure 1 .
  • the ends of the tank wall are symbolized by the welding fins 27 partially shown.
  • the three metal strakes 8, 108 and 208 shown on the figure 11 are manufactured according to three different embodiments.
  • a waterproof membrane can be constructed with strakes all corresponding to the same embodiment, or by combining strakes of several embodiments in any appropriate order.
  • the welding supports 9 are also sketched on the figure 11 , in an exploded representation that places the welding supports 9 away from the strakes 8, 108 and 208 to facilitate understanding.
  • the strakes of the three embodiments have the common point of extending longitudinally from one end to the other of the tank wall to be welded to the two solder fins 27 and have two raised side edges 13.
  • the width of the flat central portion of the strake is between 40 and 60 cm and the height of the raised edge 13 is between 2 and 6 cm.
  • the raised edges 13 of the variable thickness strake 8 can be obtained from the flat side 112 by means of a folder comprising three rollers on each side of the sidewall 112.
  • the rollers exert a pressure on the sidewall in order to deform the flank to generate the raised edges.
  • Hydraulic jacks are used to change the position of the rollers and the pressure exerted by them depending on the variation of the thickness of the sidewall.
  • Strake 8 corresponds to the embodiment described above with reference to figures 2 and3: it is a metal strip extending in one piece from one end to the other of the tank wall and having the reinforced portions 114 at both ends of the strip and the central portion of more thin thickness 113 between them.
  • the boundaries between the thinner portion 113 and the thicker reinforced portions 114 have been drawn in fine dashed lines, but it is understood that this limit may extend over a relatively large transition zone .
  • the strake 8 is placed in one piece in the tank. Cutting the inclined portion 14 at both ends of the two raised edges of the strake 8, before proceeding to the assembly and sealing welds with the connecting rings.
  • the strake 108 or 208 on the other hand, consists of several successive longitudinal strips with raised edges which can be placed one after the other, which makes these embodiments particularly suitable for a very long vessel wall, for example approximately 30 to 50m per longitudinal band, ie a total length greater than 50m.
  • Each successive band is continuous, that is to say that it is obtained from a single flank described above, and not by welding several flanks together.
  • the strake 108 comprises two metal strips with raised edges 13 which are assembled end to end in the extension of one another at an assembly area 40, for example by welding.
  • Each metal band is continuous and has a portion thicker reinforced end end 114 adjacent to the joining zone 40 and having a lower uniform thickness over the rest of its length 113, to the edge of the tank wall where it is joined to the welding fin 27.
  • the strake 208 is constructed similarly to the strake 108, but with strips whose two ends 114 are reinforced by a greater thickness. As a result, the thicker reinforced ends 114 of the strips constituting the strake 208 are present both at the connection zone 40 between the strips and at the edges of the tank wall where the strake 208 is joined to the fins. As a variant, the strake 208 may be constructed with a higher number of continuous strips laid end to end in the same manner.
  • each strake 108 or 208 may be placed in the middle of the tank wall or at other locations. Preferably, these locations are offset longitudinally from one strake to another, thereby to avoid forming a continuous weld line in the transverse direction of the wall.
  • the boxes can be made with other forms of insulating materials.
  • the boxes may include a layer of insulating foam.
  • the tanks described above can be used in various types of installations such as land installations or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
  • a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the double hull of the ship, and two thermally insulating barriers respectively arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier, and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading / unloading lines arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the figure 4 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges LNG carriers.
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
EP14831013.9A 2014-01-17 2014-12-23 Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bandes metalliques Active EP3094915B1 (fr)

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PCT/FR2014/053530 WO2015107280A2 (fr) 2014-01-17 2014-12-23 Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bandes metalliques

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JP2019034665A (ja) * 2017-08-18 2019-03-07 株式会社 商船三井 エネルギー輸送用船舶
FR3072758B1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2019-11-01 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante a plusieurs zones
FR3077115B1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2021-02-12 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante.
FR3077116B1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2021-01-08 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante
FR3085869B1 (fr) * 2018-09-19 2020-09-11 Psa Automobiles Sa Procede d’assemblage de deux toles se chevauchant partiellement avec triple etancheite
EP3686309A1 (fr) * 2019-01-22 2020-07-29 Gaztransport et Technigaz Systeme de stockage et/ou de transport pour un gaz liquefie
FR3111176B1 (fr) * 2020-06-09 2022-09-02 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Paroi de cuve pour cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante
JP7157890B1 (ja) 2022-05-13 2022-10-20 川崎重工業株式会社 多重殻タンクの施工方法

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FR2544441B1 (fr) * 1983-04-13 1985-09-13 Daetwyler France Piece d'etancheite pour la jonction de garnitures d'etancheite lineaires
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PH12016501401A1 (en) 2016-08-22
WO2015107280A2 (fr) 2015-07-23
AU2014377926B2 (en) 2019-02-07
KR20160133423A (ko) 2016-11-22
FR3016619A1 (fr) 2015-07-24
CN106133429B (zh) 2019-09-03
ES2692284T3 (es) 2018-12-03
PH12016501401B1 (en) 2016-08-22
JP6576353B2 (ja) 2019-09-18
RU2016128520A (ru) 2018-02-20
JP2017507085A (ja) 2017-03-16
EP3094915A2 (fr) 2016-11-23
RU2666382C2 (ru) 2018-09-07
WO2015107280A3 (fr) 2015-11-05
CN106133429A (zh) 2016-11-16
FR3016619B1 (fr) 2016-08-19
KR102259211B1 (ko) 2021-05-31

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