EP3084871A1 - Dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique de grande capacité - Google Patents
Dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique de grande capacitéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3084871A1 EP3084871A1 EP14812536.2A EP14812536A EP3084871A1 EP 3084871 A1 EP3084871 A1 EP 3084871A1 EP 14812536 A EP14812536 A EP 14812536A EP 3084871 A1 EP3084871 A1 EP 3084871A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- positive electrode
- electrolyte
- cathode
- compartment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010003830 Automatism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009870 titanium metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to electrical energy storage devices. More specifically, the invention relates to an electrical energy storage device comprising a plurality of electrolytic cells and an electric charger-inverter, each electrolytic cell comprising:
- the inverter-charger being arranged to selectively charge the storage device by circulating an electric current in a first direction causing an iron deposit to the negative electrode, or unload the storage device by circulating the electric current in a second opposite direction to the first causing a dissolution of iron deposited at the negative electrode.
- Such a device for storing energy is known, for example, from CA -1 079 350.
- the invention aims to propose an energy storage device whose electrolyte can be used for a much greater number of cycles than in CA 1 079 350.
- the invention relates to an energy storage device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the positive electrode is porous, the storage device comprising a device for recycling the gaseous hydrogen released in the cathode compartment. , arranged to suck a gaseous phase filling a sky of the cathode compartment and to discharge said gaseous phase in the anode compartment so that the hydrogen gas is oxidized in contact with the positive electrode.
- the composition of the cathode electrolyte and the anode electrolyte remains constant, in particular its pH.
- the recycling of hydrogen makes it possible to use the same electrolyte during a large number of cycles and prolongs the life of the electrolyte before its exchange. It extends the life of the storage device.
- the energy storage device may also have one or more of the features below, considered individually or in any technically feasible combination:
- the positive electrode is porous for the anode and / or cathode electrolyte and defines the barrier between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment;
- the electrolytic cell comprises a tank, the positive electrode dividing said tank into an upper zone forming the cathode compartment and a lower zone forming the anode compartment and situated below the upper zone;
- the gaseous phase is discharged by the recycling device into a zone of the anode compartment located under the positive electrode;
- the recycling device comprises a probe for measuring the concentration of hydrogen in the gas phase, and a programmed automation to control the recycling device according to the hydrogen concentration measured by the probe;
- the positive electrode is made of titanium or of titanium sponge or of a titanium alloy
- the positive electrode is covered with a coating of TiN;
- the positive electrode is a fabric comprising at least one intertwined wire, made of titanium or of a titanium alloy;
- the positive electrode is made of an electrically conductive material, covered with magnetite;
- the electrolytic cell comprising a device for rotating the negative electrode relative to the positive electrode around an axis of rotation;
- the negative electrode has a cylindrical outer surface, coaxial with the axis of rotation, on which the iron is deposited;
- the positive electrode comprises a portion in the form of a sector of a cylinder, coaxial with the axis of rotation;
- the electrolytic cell comprises:
- an anode transfer device capable of transferring the anode electrolyte between the anode electrolyte reservoir and the anode compartment;
- a cathode electrolyte reservoir a cathodic transfer device capable of transferring the cathode electrolyte between the cathode electrolyte reservoir and the anode compartment.
- the anodic electrolyte reservoir is located at a higher elevation than that of the electrolytic cell, the anodic transfer device being provided for gravitarily transferring the anode electrolyte from the anode electrolyte reservoir to the anode compartment;
- the device comprises a device designed to maintain the sky of the electrolytic cell under an atmosphere of neutral gas, for example under argon pressure.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic representation of an energy storage device comprising a large number of electrolytic cells, only certain cells being represented;
- FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic representation of an electrolytic cell of the device of FIG. 1.
- the device 1 shown in Figure 1 is for storing the electrical energy.
- the device 1 is connected to a power distribution network 3 via a power transformer 4.
- a number of electrical energy production systems (not shown) supply the grid 3 with electrical power.
- Electrical consumers (not shown) are also connected to this network.
- the energy storage device 1 comprises a large number of electrolytic cells 5, and an electric charger-inverter 7.
- a system 9 for managing the network interface Grid Interface Management System, or GIMS.
- the energy storage device 1, notified by the GIMS 9 When the electric power supplied by the power generation systems is greater than the power demand by the electric consumers, the energy storage device 1, notified by the GIMS 9, accumulates the energy in excess, by converting it under electrochemical form. Conversely, when the electrical power demanded by the consumers is greater than the power produced, the device 1, notified by the GIMS 9, converts the accumulated energy in electrochemical form into electrical energy, the latter supplying the network 3.
- Each electrolytic cell 5 allows for example to store an electrical energy of about 200 kWh.
- the electrolytic cells 5 are gathered in one or more sets, each set comprising for example 1300 cells series electrolytic devices, for an electrical energy storage capacity of approximately 300 MWh.
- Each electrolytic cell has a nominal power of 20 kW.
- a set therefore has a nominal electrical power of the order of 30 MW.
- the electric charger-inverter 7 supplies all the electrolytic cells 5 of the same unit.
- the electric charger / inverter 7 supplies only a part of the electrolytic cells 5, the device 1 thus comprising several electric charger-inverters 7 for one and the same set.
- Each electric inverter-charger 7 is connected to the network through the GIMS 9 and the power transformer 4.
- each electric charger-inverter 7 is of the so-called 4 quadrant type.
- the charger-inverter 7 is reversible. Thus, it operates as an inverter when the electrolytic cells 5 discharge on the network 3, and it operates as a rectifier when, on the contrary, the electrolytic cells 5 are charged from the network 3.
- the electrolytic cells 5 are all identical, and are of the type shown schematically in FIG.
- Each electrolytic cell 5 comprises:
- the electrochemical torque on the negative electrode side is Fe 2 7Fe.
- the electrochemical torque on the positive electrode side is Fe 2 7Fe 3+ .
- the electrolytic cell 5 accumulates energy in electrochemical form, storing this energy in the form of a solid deposit of iron on the negative electrode and a solution of Fe 3+ .
- This deposit of iron dissolves and the Fe 3+ becomes Fe 2+ when the cell 5 is to restore electrical energy.
- the charger-inverter 7 controls the flow of electric current.
- the inverter-charger 7 maintains the negative electrode at a negative electric potential and the positive electrode at a positive potential greater in absolute value than that of the negative electrode. It therefore circulates the electric current in a first direction, causing in particular a deposit of iron to the negative electrode.
- the charger-inverter 7 maintains the negative electrode 21 at a potential lower than that of the positive electrode 15.
- the charger-inverter 7 thus circulates the current in a second direction opposite to the first direction, causing the dissolution of the iron deposited on the negative electrode and the formation of Fe 2+ at the positive electrode.
- positive electrode and “negative electrode” are meant herein in accordance with IEC 600-50-482, IEC60050-482 of 1/4/2004.
- the anode electrolyte 13 comprises among others Fe 3+ ions. It is an acidic pH of about 2 and therefore approximately 10 "H 2 M +. It also comprises at least one anion, preferably Cl". Alternatively, this anion is Br " , or any other suitable anion, that is to say not taking part in the reactions.
- the cathode electrolyte 19 comprises Fe 2+ ions. It is at a pH of about 3 and therefore approximately 10 "3 M H +. It also comprises at least one anion, e.g., Cl". Alternatively, it is anion Br " , or any other suitable anion, that is to say not taking part in the reactions.
- the anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte optionally comprise additives for increasing the electrical conductivity without having any action on the electrodes. These additives are conventional and will not be detailed here.
- the negative electrode 21 and the positive electrode 15 are arranged facing each other, the electrolytic cell 5 comprising a device 23 (FIG. 1) for rotating the negative electrode 21 relative to the positive electrode 15 about an axis of rotation X.
- the negative electrode 21 is therefore rotatable.
- Negative electrode 21 and positive electrode 15 are coaxial.
- the iron is deposited on the entire periphery of the negative electrode, as it passes opposite the the positive electrode.
- the iron is deposited over a large area, evenly due to the rotational movement of the negative electrode. It is thus possible to increase the amount of iron deposited in each electrolytic cell, and to increase the storage capacity of the energy storage device.
- the negative electrode 21 has a cylindrical outer surface 25 coaxial with the axis of rotation X on which the iron is deposited when the electrolytic cell 5 operates as an electrical receiver.
- the negative electrode may have a non-cylindrical outer surface. This outer surface may be frustoconical, or may have the shape of another surface of revolution about the axis X.
- the negative electrode 21 typically has a length of between 1.5m and 4m, and an outer diameter of between 20cm. and 1.5m. In the present description, the numerical values correspond to an exemplary embodiment in which the negative electrode has a length of 4 m and a diameter of 20 cm. According to another advantageous example, the negative electrode has a length of 1.5 m and an external diameter of 1.5 m.
- the negative electrode is made of a good electrical conductor material, such as aluminum or steel.
- the positive electrode comprises a part 27 in a sector of the cylinder, coaxial with the axis of rotation X.
- the portion 27 extends for example about 180.degree. so a half-cylinder.
- a gap 29 of small thickness therefore separates the outer surface 25 of the negative electrode and the portion 27 of the positive electrode.
- the gap 29 has a thickness of between 0.1 and 20 mm, preferably between 1 and 15 mm, and is typically 1 1 mm.
- a thickness of 1 1 mm makes it possible to obtain a storage capacity of 200 kWh per cell.
- the cylinder sector portion 27 extends more than 180 ° or less than 180 ° about the axis of rotation X.
- the electrolytic cell 5 comprises a tank 31, the positive electrode 15 dividing the internal volume of the tank between an upper zone and a lower zone.
- the upper zone forms the cathode compartment 17.
- the lower zone forms the anode compartment 1 1. This is located under the cathode compartment 17.
- the tank 31 is gastight and liquid tight.
- the positive electrode 15 has a porous structure for the anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte. It is also porous to gases.
- the positive electrode 15 defines the porous barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment.
- the positive electrode is made of titanium or a titanium alloy, and is for example a fabric or a foam.
- the positive electrode is coated with a TiN coating, so as to increase the life of the positive electrode and to reduce the electrical losses.
- the positive electrode is a fabric consisting of at least one intertwined wire, made of titanium or a titanium alloy. This fabric can be covered with TiN.
- the positive electrode is a wire mesh sold by the company GANTOIS, under the reference 104613.
- This mesh is made with a titanium wire T40, diameter before weaving 0.8 mm. It is characterized by a metric number of the mesh number being 4.57.
- the nominal opening of the fabric is 4.75 mm, and the transparency of 73%.
- the mass per unit area is 970 g / m 2 .
- the fabric has a thickness of between 1.4 and 1.6 mm. This grid can be covered with TiN.
- the positive electrode is a wire cloth sold by GANTOIS under the reference 104125.
- This fabric is obtained from T40 titanium wire son, the warp wire having a diameter before weaving of 0, 36 mm and the weft yarn having a diameter before weaving of 0.265 mm.
- the wire has a metric number of 22 for the warp thread and 230 for the weft thread.
- the mass per unit area is 2400 g / m 2 and the fabric has a nominal opening of 0.180 mm.
- This canvas can be covered with TiN.
- the positive electrode is made of titanium sponge. Titanium sponge is an intermediate product in titanium metallurgy. It can be covered with TiN.
- the positive electrode 15 is made of an electrically conductive material covered with magnetite. Fe 3 O 4 .
- the positive electrode is made of copper steel, then partly electrolytically oxidized to Fe 3 O 4 .
- the electrolytic cell 5 further comprises:
- an anode transfer device 35 capable of transferring the anode electrolyte between the anode electrolyte reservoir 33 and the anode compartment 11;
- a cathodic transfer device 39 capable of transferring the cathode electrolyte between the cathode electrolyte reservoir 37 and the cathode compartment 17.
- the anode transfer device 35 typically comprises a transfer member
- the anode electrolyte reservoir 33 is located at a higher elevation than that of the cell 5.
- the anodic transfer device 35 comprises a bypass 41 ', placing the reservoir 33 in communication with the anode compartment by passing the transfer member 41 in parallel.
- the bypass 41 ' is equipped with a controlled valve, for selectively closing or opening the bypass.
- the transfer member 41 When the electrolytic cell is in charge, the transfer member 41 removes the anode electrolyte in the anode compartment 1 1 and discharges it into the tank 33.
- the bypass 41 ' is closed.
- the transfer member 41 when the electrolytic cell operates as an electric generator, the transfer member 41 is at a standstill.
- the bypass 41 ' is open.
- the anode electrolyte flows by gravity and / or siphon effect from the tank 33 into the anode compartment, through the bypass 41 '.
- the cathodic transfer device 39 comprises a reversible transfer member 42, for example a pump, connected on one side to the reservoir 37 and on the other side to the cathode compartment 17.
- a reversible transfer member 42 for example a pump
- the cathode electrolyte reservoir 37 is located at a lower elevation than that of the cell 5.
- the cathodic transfer device 39 comprises a bypass 42 ', placing the reservoir 37 in communication with the compartment cathodic bypassing the transfer member 42.
- the bypass 42 ' is equipped with a controlled valve, for selectively closing or opening the bypass.
- the transfer member 42 When the electrolytic cell is in charge, the transfer member 42 removes the cathode electrolyte in the reservoir 37 and delivers it to the cathode compartment 17.
- the bypass 42 ' is closed.
- the transfer member 42 is at a standstill.
- the bypass 42 ' is open.
- the cathodic electrolyte flows by gravity and / or siphon effect from the cathode compartment 17 into the reservoir 37.
- the transfer members 41 and 42 are reversible.
- the anodic and cathodic transfer devices 35 and 39 do not include bypasses 41 ', 42'.
- the pump 41 is used to transfer the anode electrolyte from the tank 33 into the anode compartment 13.
- the pump 42 is used to transfer the cathode electrolyte from the cathode compartment 15 into the tank 37.
- the rotating negative electrode has a substantially horizontal axis of rotation X.
- the negative electrode 21 is only partially immersed in the cathode electrolyte filling the compartment 17.
- the cathodic transfer device in this case comprises a distribution ramp 43 located above the negative electrode 21.
- the distribution manifold 43 extends along the generatrix located at the highest point of the outer surface 25 of the negative electrode.
- the distribution manifold 43 is pierced with a plurality of orifices through which the cathode electrolyte discharged by the transfer member 41 flows, and falls on the outer surface 25.
- the fresh cathode electrolyte supplied by the transfer device 39 is distributed uniformly over the entire external surface 25.
- the transfer device 39 comprises a plunging plumbing pipe 45, one end of which plunges continuously into the cathode electrolyte filling the chamber 17.
- the ramp 43 is used when the transfer device discharges the cathode electrolyte from the reservoir 37 to the cathode chamber 17.
- the plunging piping 45 is used when the cathodic electrolyte circulates in the opposite direction, from the chamber 17 to the cathodic electrolyte reservoir 37.
- the negative electrode 21 is fully immersed in the cathode electrolyte.
- the distribution ramp 43 is also immersed in the cathodic electrolyte and extends along the generatrix located at the highest point of the outer surface 25. In this case, the ramp 43 is used to suck up the cathode electrolyte when it flows from the chamber 17 to the cathode electrolyte reservoir 37.
- the transfer device 39 does not include plunging pipe 45 plunging.
- the axis of rotation X of the negative electrode is vertical. This variant is advantageous because it considerably reduces the footprint of each electrolytic cell.
- the electrolytic cell 5 further comprises a device 47 provided to maintain the sky 49 of the electrolytic cell under a neutral gas atmosphere.
- neutral gas is meant here a gas which does not intervene in the chemical and electrochemical reactions taking place in the device, and does not modify the composition of the constituent materials of the device.
- the neutral gas is preferably argon.
- the neutral gas is nitrogen, or another neutral gas, or a mixture of neutral gases.
- the device 47 comprises for example a reserve of pressurized gas connected to the sky 49 of the electrolytic cell via a line equipped with a pressure reducer.
- the device 47 comprises a reserve of neutral gas and a compressor discharging the neutral gas from the reserve into the sky 49 of the electrolytic cell.
- the sky 49 of the electrolytic cell is maintained at a pressure slightly greater than the pressure around the electrolytic cell, so as to prevent oxygen from entering the interior of the electrolytic cell.
- the sky 49 is maintained at a pressure slightly greater than atmospheric pressure, from 1 to 10 relative daPa.
- the anode compartment 1 1 is completely filled with anode electrolyte
- the cathode compartment 17, which is situated above the anode compartment 1 1 is only partially filled with 'electrolyte.
- the sky 49 corresponds to the fraction of the cathode compartment which is not filled by the cathode electrolyte 19 and which is filled with the neutral gas or gases.
- the electrolytic cell 5 also comprises a device 51 for recycling the gaseous hydrogen evolved in the cathode compartment 17.
- the device 51 comprises a circulation member 53, for example a pump for the gases, the suction of which communicates with the sky 49, and the discharge communicates with the anode compartment 11.
- the circulation member 53 displaces the gaseous phase occupying the sky 49 towards a zone of the anode compartment 1 1 located beneath the positive electrode, as can be seen in FIG. 2. Preferably, said zone is located in immediate contact with the electrode. positive.
- the gaseous phase discharged by the member 53 will form bubbles that will rise towards the sky 49 by passing through the positive electrode 15.
- the gaseous hydrogen molecules are oxidized in H + according to the half-reaction H 2 ⁇ 2 H + + 2 e " .
- the recirculation rate imposed by the device 51 is adjusted as a function of the evolution of hydrogen gas observed, so as to guarantee the absence of hydrogen gas in the sky 49 during periods between the charge and the discharge of the electrolytic cell. 5.
- the recirculation rate is between 50 and 500 l / h, preferably between 100 and 200 l / h, typically about 160 l / h. During the discharge period, recirculation is generally not necessary.
- the device 51 comprises one or more ramps distributed under the positive electrode 15, in the anode compartment 11.
- the member 53 delivers the gas to the ramps 55.
- the ramps 55 have orifices dividing the gas into very fine bubbles.
- the recycled gas is thus uniformly distributed within the anode compartment in order to completely oxidize it.
- the device 1 further comprises a control automatism 57 (FIG. 1), intended to drive both the device 23 for rotating the negative electrode, the anodic transfer device 35, the cathodic transfer device 39, the 47 device for maintaining the sky of the electrolytic cell under a neutral gas atmosphere, and the device 51 for recycling hydrogen gas.
- the control automation 57 also controls the electric charger-inverter 7 and exchanges data with the GIMS 9.
- the recycling device 51 comprises a probe 59 for measuring the concentration of hydrogen in the gas phase filling the sky 49 of the electrolytic cell.
- This sensor informs the automation 57.
- This automation is programmed to control the recycling device 51 according to the hydrogen concentration measured by the probe.
- the inverter-charger 7 maintains the negative electrode 21 at a negative polarity and the positive electrode 15 at a polarity positive.
- the device 39 supplies the cathode compartment 17 with cathode electrolyte from the tank 37.
- the cathode electrolyte is discharged by the member 42 towards the ramp 43 and flows on the generator located at the top of the outer surface 25 of the negative electrode 21.
- the anodic transfer device 35 withdraws the electrolyte from the anode compartment 11 to transfer it to the anode tank 33.
- the device 47 maintains the sky 49 under a neutral gas pressure.
- the negative electrode 21 is rotated by the drive device 23.
- the cathode electrolyte 19 Part of the Fe 2+ ions of the cathode electrolyte 19 are reduced to Fe and are deposited on the outer surface 25 of the negative rotating electrode 21. Furthermore, under the effect of the withdrawal exerted by the transfer device 35, the cathode electrolyte passes through the porous positive electrode 15 to the anode compartment 1 1. By passing through the porous positive electrode 15, the rest of the Fe 2+ ions are oxidized to Fe 3+ ions. The addition of fresh cathode electrolyte and the withdrawal of the anode electrolyte make it possible to maintain the composition of the cathode electrolyte and the composition of the anode electrolyte substantially constant over time, in spite of the deposition of iron on the electrode negative.
- the probe 59 constantly scans the concentration of hydrogen in the gas phase.
- the control automatism 57 depending on the concentration measured hydrogen control the device 51 for recycling the hydrogen gas to take a portion of the gas phase in the sky 49.
- the device 51 reinjects it under the positive electrode 15 in the anode compartment.
- This gaseous phase essentially comprises the neutral gas, and traces of hydrogen.
- This reinjected gaseous phase forms bubbles that go up through the anode compartment 1 1 to the porous positive electrode 15.
- the hydrogen gas H 2 is oxidized to H + ions.
- the inverter-charger 7 is controlled to periodically reverse, temporarily, the flow direction of the current. This causes redissolution of a small fraction of the iron deposited on the negative electrode, and prevents the creation of large size crystals on the negative electrode. During the flow of the current in opposite direction, the flow of anode electrolyte and cathode is interrupted.
- the inverter-charger 7 is controlled to circulate an alternating current for this purpose.
- the ratio between the amount of cathodic current and the amount of anode current is between 5 and 10.
- the negative electrode 21 When the electrolytic cell operates as an energy generator, the negative electrode 21 has a negative polarity and the positive electrode 15 has a positive polarity.
- the device 47 maintains the sky 49 of the electrolytic cell under a neutral gas pressure.
- the cell 5 supplies the inverter-charger 7.
- the device 51 for recycling the hydrogen during this phase is generally kept at a standstill by the control automation 57, since there is normally no hydrogen evolution. gaseous..
- the transfer device 35 takes the anode electrolyte into the tank 33 and transfers it to the anode compartment 11.
- the transfer device 39 takes cathode electrolyte from the cathode compartment 17, for example via the plunging pipe 45, and transfers the latter into the cathode tank 37.
- the driving device 23 causes the negative electrode 21 to rotate at a speed that is a function of the called current.
- the electrolyte passes through the porous positive electrode 15. In passing, the Fe 3+ ions are reduced to Fe 2+ . At the negative electrode 21, the previously deposited iron is oxidized to Fe 2+ .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1362728A FR3015122B1 (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | Dispositif de stockage d'energie electrique de grande capacite |
| PCT/EP2014/078008 WO2015091516A1 (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique de grande capacité |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3084871A1 true EP3084871A1 (fr) | 2016-10-26 |
Family
ID=50069227
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14812536.2A Withdrawn EP3084871A1 (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique de grande capacité |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20160329589A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3084871A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN106415906A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3015122B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015091516A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3593394A4 (fr) * | 2017-04-28 | 2021-02-17 | ESS Tech, Inc. | Procédés et systèmes permettant de rééquilibrer des électrolytes pour un système de batterie redox |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1513119A (en) * | 1919-08-15 | 1924-10-28 | Madsenell Corp | Electrodeposited article and method of making the same |
| US3996064A (en) * | 1975-08-22 | 1976-12-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electrically rechargeable REDOX flow cell |
| US4159366A (en) * | 1978-06-09 | 1979-06-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electrochemical cell for rebalancing redox flow system |
| IT1212303B (it) * | 1978-07-10 | 1989-11-22 | Elche Ltd | Accumulatore redox. |
| JP4214761B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2009-01-28 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料電池システム |
| US9786944B2 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2017-10-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High energy density redox flow device |
| CN102237541A (zh) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-11-09 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种全铁液流电池电解液及单电解液全铁液流电池 |
| US8541121B2 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2013-09-24 | Deeya Energy, Inc. | Quenching system |
| JP6013463B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-01 | 2016-10-25 | ケース ウエスタン リザーブ ユニバーシティ | 鉄基流動電池 |
| US20130045399A1 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-21 | Primus Power Corporation | Flow Battery with Reactant Separation |
-
2013
- 2013-12-16 FR FR1362728A patent/FR3015122B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-12-16 CN CN201480071973.2A patent/CN106415906A/zh active Pending
- 2014-12-16 EP EP14812536.2A patent/EP3084871A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-12-16 WO PCT/EP2014/078008 patent/WO2015091516A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-12-16 US US15/105,335 patent/US20160329589A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2015091516A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106415906A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
| FR3015122A1 (fr) | 2015-06-19 |
| US20160329589A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
| WO2015091516A1 (fr) | 2015-06-25 |
| FR3015122B1 (fr) | 2016-01-15 |
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