EP3055870A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines permanentmagneten sowie permanentmagnet und elektrische maschine mit einem solchen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines permanentmagneten sowie permanentmagnet und elektrische maschine mit einem solchenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3055870A1 EP3055870A1 EP14777023.4A EP14777023A EP3055870A1 EP 3055870 A1 EP3055870 A1 EP 3055870A1 EP 14777023 A EP14777023 A EP 14777023A EP 3055870 A1 EP3055870 A1 EP 3055870A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particle size
- magnetic material
- particles
- permanent magnet
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/023—Hydrogen absorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/0551—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/059—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a permanent magnet, in particular a method for producing a powder of the magnetic starting material for magnet production.
- the invention further relates to a method produced by the method
- Permanent magnet and an electric machine comprising at least one such permanent magnet.
- Typical manufacturing processes include the process steps of pulverizing the magnetic starting material, pressing / solidifying the powder into a green part with or without external magnetic field to form a desired shape, sintering the green part for further densification (high temperature treatment), optionally tempering (heat or
- Magnetic body and magnetization in a magnetic field Sometimes different process stages are combined with each other and the order is varied.
- the pulverization of the magnetic starting material usually comprises several stages. For example, a melt of the alloy is poured into ingots (so-called ingots), mechanically broken and subjected to one or more milling stages. It is also known to process the alloy melt with the method of strip casting to a rapidly cooled band with a polycrystalline structure, which is subsequently further broken and ground. Furthermore, the method of the Hydrogen embrittlement (English: Hydrogen Decrepitation, HD process) is known, in which the material is pressurized with hydrogen, so that it interstitially penetrates into the material and leads to the formation of microcracks in the material during its subsequent release. As a result, the subsequent grinding time can be reduced. (A different method - the so-called HDDR process (for Hydrogenation
- Disproportionation desorption recombination uses the temporary formation of metal hydrides and their subsequent desorption to the structural phases of the
- Rare earth magnet material for example Nd 2 Fei 4 B, in a single roll or
- a two-roll process is used to produce a rapidly cooled (“quenched") polycrystalline ribbon which, through the cooling process, forms an Nd-rich phase on either or both sides having a lower melting point than Nd 2 Fe-i 4 B.
- the ribbon is pulverized and sintered at low temperature This is to prevent coarsening of the crystallites contained in the polycrystalline phase and having an average particle size of 10 to 200 nm at a temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the Nd-rich phase.
- EP 0 416 595 A2 describes a production method for rare earth magnets in which a solidified melt of the magnetic material is first broken and then ground with the supply of liquid nitrogen in a disc or impact mill, particle sizes of at most 400 ⁇ m being formed. This is followed by a hydrogenation of the material and a new grinding in a liquid hydrocarbon to obtain particle sizes of at most 40 ⁇ , typically 2.7 to 3.5 ⁇ .
- the powder thus obtained becomes the purpose its passivation is controlled oxidized, shaped, oriented in a magnetic field, pressed and sintered.
- US 5,382,303 describes a method for producing a magnet in which a magnetic material of the Sm-Co type is melted, cast and broken, and
- a fine grinding step is carried out, in which the powder is milled together with a liquid hydrocarbon in a friction or ball mill up to a maximum particle size of 40 ⁇ m, in particular from 3.8 to 4.6 ⁇ m. After removal of the hydrocarbon and passivation of the powder, it is compressed in a magnetic field and the green part thus obtained is sintered.
- particle sizes of 3 to 5 ⁇ m can be achieved with jet mills.
- agglomerates are formed, which in the following
- the use of additives during milling, for example of lubricants, may cause contamination of the magnet, which may adversely affect its mechanical and magnetic properties.
- the invention is based on the object, a method for producing a
- a powder of a magnetic material is produced and processed into a permanent magnet.
- Processing the powder produced into a permanent magnet typically involves molding, densification, solidification, and magnetization.
- the preparation of the powder of the magnetic material comprises the steps:
- the invention thus comprises a combination of cryogenic grinding (also referred to below as cryogenic grinding) and cryogenic separation (also referred to below as cryogenic separation) of the magnetic material.
- cryogenic grinding also referred to below as cryogenic grinding
- cryogenic separation also referred to below as cryogenic separation
- the magnetic material is in the form of a suspension in liquid nitrogen.
- the cryogenic grinding in liquid nitrogen avoids heating of the millbase due to the low temperature of the liquid nitrogen (77 K). As a result, agglomeration and welding of the particles is prevented and thus enables the production of particularly small particle sizes.
- the presence of liquid nitrogen thus allows an extension of the grinding time to achieve the desired extremely small particle size.
- the subsequent step of separating (classifying) also takes place in liquid nitrogen. Thus, also in this step one
- Separating is understood to mean a process in which a particulate starting material having a certain particle size distribution (Usually, according to a Gaussian distribution) a fraction is obtained, which has a smaller (narrower) particle size distribution than the starting material. In other words, a particle fraction is separated and precipitated at the upper and / or lower end of the original particle size distribution.
- the separation comprises at least one separation of a particle fraction with particle sizes above the predetermined maximum particle size so that the target fraction contains exclusively particles whose particle sizes are smaller than or equal to the maximum particle size.
- particle size refers to the so-called equivalent diameter, which takes into account the fact that the particles generally do not have an exactly spherical shape, for example, a particle which, regardless of its geometric shape, just has a square hole in a sieve with an edge length of 1 ⁇ can happen, an equivalent diameter ("particle size") of 1 ⁇ on.
- Particle sizes are separated, for example, particle sizes ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
- particle sizes ⁇ 4 ⁇ are desirable in order to obtain better magnetic properties.
- particles are separated which have a predetermined maximum particle size of ⁇ 500 nm, in particular of ⁇ 400 nm, preferably of ⁇ 350 nm and more preferably of ⁇ 300 nm. This is, for example, due to the use of sieves with corresponding mesh sizes of 500 nm, 400 nm, 350 nm and 300 nm, respectively. For example, particles separated with a sieve of 350 nm mesh become 100 mass%
- Particle size of ⁇ 350 nm Due to the small particle size of at most 500 nm, the particles have sizes in the range of magnetic domains, that is to say they are so-called single-domain particles. The limitation of particle sizes on the size
- magnetic domains leads to permanent magnets with a particularly high coercive force.
- the lower particle size of the separated particles is limited in the step of cryomilling, so that, for example, particles with a particle size in the range of> 2 to 4 ⁇ m are separated.
- Grain size distribution also leads to a high packing density and especially regular packing of the particles in the finished permanent magnet, whereby particularly high mechanical strength and high coercive field strengths are achieved.
- the representation of particle fractions with defined upper and lower particle sizes can be done in a simple manner by successive use of two (or more) sieves.
- a particle fraction whose particle size is 100% by mass in the range of> 200 nm to ⁇ 300 nm first carried out a screening with a sieve with a mesh size of 300 nm, with particles> 300 nm retained on the screen and be separated. Subsequently, the fraction passed through the first sieve with a
- retained fraction has only particle sizes in the range of> 200 nm to ⁇ 300 nm.
- the particles retained in the separation step with a particle size above the predetermined upper and / or lower particle size are returned to the preceding milling step.
- the particle sizes obtained in the step of cryomilling are freely adjustable via the process parameters, in particular by the selected milling time. It is preferably provided that at least 50% by mass, in particular at least 70% by mass and particularly preferably at least 80% by mass, of the particles obtained by the milling have a particle size of at most 500 nm, in particular of at most 400 nm, preferably of at most 350 nm and preferably at most 300 nm. This has the advantage that a large part of the material used in the separation step already has the desired maximum particle size and passes through the subsequent separation step.
- Particle sizes can be adjusted but also other grinding parameters.
- the steps of grinding and separating are linked together in such a way that the suspension of the magnetic material subjected to the grinding step is fed to the separation step.
- the suspension of ground magnetic material and liquid nitrogen obtained from the milling step is passed without further material preparation into a device used for the separation step.
- the cryogenic grinding is carried out in a ball mill.
- the balls of the mill provide a high surface through which efficient heat removal occurs, thereby further suppressing the agglomeration of the particles.
- other grinding devices in which suspensions can be processed are also usable within the scope of the invention.
- the separation preferably takes place in a vibrating screen device.
- Schwingsiebvorraumen comprise at least one horizontally arranged sieve, which is set on a swing axis in vibration. Vibrating screen devices are particularly well suited for the processing of suspensions.
- the separation comprises the use of several serially connected screening stages with screens which have smaller mesh sizes.
- particles with comparatively large particle sizes are removed in the upstream screening stages, and smaller particle diameters are sorted out by the downstream screening stages.
- the invention further relates to a produced by the method according to the invention
- Permanent magnets This is characterized by the structure of particles of the magnetic material having a particle size of at most 500 nm, in particular of at most 400 nm, preferably of at most 300 nm, and a defined particle size distribution.
- the permanent magnet according to the invention therefore has a high packing density, high mechanical stability and high coercive force.
- the present invention relates to an electrical machine comprising at least one permanent magnet according to the invention, in particular a plurality of such.
- the electric machine is designed as an electric motor, in which the permanent magnets are typically part of the rotor, for example, embedded in a laminated core of the rotor or are mounted on the surface thereof. Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the remaining, mentioned in the dependent claims characteristics.
- Figure 1 Process for preparing a powder of a magnetic material according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates the HD process
- FIG. 3 process step of cryogenic milling in a ball mill
- FIG. 4 shows a process step of cryogenic separation in a vibrating screen device
- Figure 6 further process flow for the production of a permanent magnet.
- FIG. 1 shows a flow chart for visualizing a method sequence for producing a powder of a magnetic material according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- Starting material of the process is a magnetic material (hereinafter also
- Called magnetic material having at least one element of rare earths (also called rare earths) and at least one element of the iron group (Fe, Co, Ni).
- it is a rare earth alloy of the type SE-TM-A or SE-TM type, wherein SE is a rare earth element, TM is an iron group transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni) and A is an element of III.
- B boron
- an Nd-Fe-B alloy or an Sm-Co alloy is used.
- step S1 of FIG. 1 first, a melt of the magnetic material is processed into a thin strip by a tape casting method.
- the melt is poured onto a rotating cooled roller, the melt solidifies abruptly.
- the obtained thin tape of the magnetic material has a polycrystalline nano-structure. This is shown on the left side of FIG. 2 using the example of the rare earth alloy Nd 2 Fei 4 B. It is It can be seen that the crystals of this alloy are enclosed by a neodymium-rich alloy phase, which is formed by the quenching of the alloy.
- step S2 of the process with the known method of hydrogen embrittlement the material obtained by the strip casting is treated.
- the polycrystalline magnetic material is exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere under high pressure, wherein the hydrogen is absorbed by the alloy material.
- an alloy of the Nd-Fe-B type absorbs about 2.5% hydrogen.
- the pressure under which the material is suddenly released whereby the hydrogen escapes.
- Microcracks develop which embrittle the material.
- the cryogenic grinding of the brittle magnet material according to the invention takes place in step S3 of the method.
- the process of cryogenic milling is shown in a ball mill in FIG.
- the ball mill 10 has a double-walled container 1 1, in the interior of which a stirrer 12 is rotatably arranged. Inside the vessel 1 1 are also balls 13 made of a hard metal, such as stainless steel or Zr 2 o-
- the embrittled magnetic material from step S2 which has a first average particle size is in the form of a suspension 20 in liquid nitrogen in the Vessel 1 1 of the ball mill 10 given.
- the liquid nitrogen has a temperature of about 77 K.
- the liquid nitrogen wets the powder particles 21 of the magnetic material during milling and dissipates the resulting heat. This prevents agglomeration of the particles. Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen protects the powder surface Impurities and prevents in-contact of the pyrophoric magnetic material with atmospheric oxygen.
- the grinding process is preferably carried out until at least 90% by mass of the powder material has a particle size of at most 500 nm, preferably of at most 300 nm.
- the milling process parameters are chosen so that the desired particle size is obtained. They depend on the system used and the size of the system. For example, a speed of the stirrer is set from 150 to 1000 rpm and a grinding time of 1 to 12 hours.
- step S4 the cryogenic separation (classification) takes place in step S4 following the cryogenic grinding. This process is shown in FIG.
- the separation device 30 shown here has a double-walled housing 31, which is charged with the suspension 20 obtained from the cryogenic grinding, consisting of the powder of the magnetic material and liquid nitrogen.
- the housing 31 a plurality of vibrating screens 33 are arranged horizontally one above the other. It takes the
- the sieves 33 are mechanically connected to a vertical swing axle 32.
- the oscillating axis 32 is offset by a drive, not shown, in a vertical vibration, which is thus transmitted to the vibrating screens 33.
- screens may be used which have sintered metallic wire nets.
- MEMS sieves for micro-electro-mechanical structure, which are produced by wet or dry etching processes.
- the powder of the magnetic material fed in the form of the suspension 20 first reaches the uppermost, coarsest sieve on which particles above the corresponding one
- Mesh size of the screen for example above 500 nm, are retained.
- Particles with particle sizes ⁇ 500 nm reach the next below sieve arranged, which has a slightly smaller mesh size than the top sieve, for example of 400 nm. On the second sieve thus particles in the range of> 400 nm to ⁇ 500 nm are retained. This process continues to the bottom sieve, which defines the desired maximum particle size, for example of 300 nm.
- Particle sizes preferably ⁇ 300 nm contains, drained and collected.
- the fractions retained on the screens 33 become the above process step S3 of FIG returned cryogenic milling.
- a cooling stage can be interposed.
- step S4 the generated frictional heat is dissipated by the liquid nitrogen, thereby preventing agglomeration of the magnetic particles. Furthermore, the use in the form of the suspension in liquid N 2 allows the particle fractions retained on the sieves 33 to be returned to the step of cryogenic grinding without media breakage.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a method sequence for producing the magnetic powder according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the method differs from the method shown in Figure 1 only in the first two steps, while the inventive steps S3 and S4 are the same and will not be explained again.
- the alloy melt is first poured into small-sized castings and solidified. These are then broken mechanically under protective gas, with particles having an average particle size of, for example, 500 ⁇ m.
- a further mechanical pulverization of the material takes place by conventional grinding in a protective gas atmosphere, for example in gaseous nitrogen or argon.
- FIG. 6 shows by way of example a further process sequence in which the powder obtained in step S4 (from FIG. 1 or 5) is further processed into a permanent magnet.
- step S5 compacting and shaping of the powder of the magnetic material takes place, for example, by pressing.
- the pressing may be anisostatic in a mechanical pressing tool, with mechanical pressure being applied to the compact from one or two opposite spatial directions.
- the pressing may be carried out isostatically by subjecting the powder to a high pressure of an inert gas atmosphere. In both cases, the pressing can be done in an external magnetic field, so that a magnetically anisotropic compact arises.
- Result of the Compaction step S5 is a (magnetically isotropic or anisotropic) compact, which is also referred to as a green part.
- step S6 a sintering of the green part takes place.
- the green part is solidified at a temperature which is lower or the melting temperature of the magnetic material.
- the type NdFeB for example Nd 2 Fei 4 B,
- an optional tempering process follows, in which the magnet is subjected to a further thermal treatment (low-temperature treatment).
- the aim of annealing is the reduction of residual stresses in the crystal structure.
- a shaping treatment and / or surface treatment of the magnet takes place in order to give it a desired shape and dimension.
- cutting techniques are used, such as grinding,
- the final shape of the magnet is already determined in the compression step S5, for example, a corresponding pressing tool, so that dispenses with a machining or this can be at least reduced.
- the magnet may be coated with a surface coating, such as a
- Epoxy resin or a metallic coating be provided.
- step S9 the magnet is magnetized in an external magnetic field in which the magnetic dipoles are magnetized, that is to say aligned.
- the permanent magnet produced by the method according to the invention is characterized by small particle sizes on the order of magnetic domains, that is, it consists of so-called single-domain particles. He also has a uniform
- the magnet is characterized by a high coercive force and high temperature stability. Its good magnetic properties are not impaired by increased levels of rare earths, for example in the form of Dy or Tb, which are introduced by conventional processing steps (eg GBDP for grain boundary diffusion process).
- processing steps eg GBDP for grain boundary diffusion process.
- the sensitive steps of the powder preparation are carried out in liquid nitrogen, other impurities in the form of carbon or oxygen are reduced. Disturbing effects, such as recrystallization, thermal stress and
- the method is also characterized by a high level of safety, since the liquid nitrogen insulates the tendency of the magnet powder to ignite spontaneously.
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201310220452 DE102013220452A1 (de) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Permanentmagneten sowie Permanentmagnet und elektrische Maschine mit einem solchen |
| PCT/EP2014/070047 WO2015051986A1 (de) | 2013-10-10 | 2014-09-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines permanentmagneten sowie permanentmagnet und elektrische maschine mit einem solchen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3055870A1 true EP3055870A1 (de) | 2016-08-17 |
| EP3055870B1 EP3055870B1 (de) | 2019-11-13 |
Family
ID=51627264
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14777023.4A Active EP3055870B1 (de) | 2013-10-10 | 2014-09-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines permanentmagneten |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3055870B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20160070788A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN105612594B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102013220452A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2015051986A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11145445B2 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2021-10-12 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Bulk anisotropic exchange-spring magnets and method of producing the same |
| DE102018112411A1 (de) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Netzsch Trockenmahltechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung eines Ausgangsmaterials für die Herstellung von Seltenerd-Magneten |
| CN109473271A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-15 | 浙江嘉兴南湖电子器材集团有限公司 | 一种磁体取向压制成型工艺 |
| CN110090965B (zh) * | 2019-06-10 | 2022-05-13 | 重庆理工大学 | 一种制备高矫顽力超细Sm2Co17磁粉的方法 |
| CN111640566B (zh) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-09-21 | 杭州三炻磁性材料有限公司 | 恒压恒磁钐钴粉末压制的工艺方法 |
| CN113546745B (zh) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-11-25 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | 制备聚合物粉末的深冷粉碎装置和深冷粉碎方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA845703A (en) * | 1970-02-13 | 1970-06-30 | International Bronze Powders Limited | Pigment classification |
| EP0350781A3 (de) * | 1988-07-12 | 1991-03-20 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Magnetisches Pudermaterial und Harzbindemitteltyp-Magnet |
| US5129964A (en) | 1989-09-06 | 1992-07-14 | Sps Technologies, Inc. | Process for making nd-b-fe type magnets utilizing a hydrogen and oxygen treatment |
| US5382303A (en) | 1992-04-13 | 1995-01-17 | Sps Technologies, Inc. | Permanent magnets and methods for their fabrication |
| US5609695A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1997-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for producing alloy powder of the R2 T17 system, a method for producing magnetic powder of the R2 T17 Nx system, and a high pressure heat-treatment apparatus |
| BR0200152A (pt) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-10-21 | Ivan Calia Barchese | Processo de obtenção de pastilha à base de pré - ligas de ferro - alumìnio produzidas a partir de pós atomizados, para uso como elemento de adição em ligas,de alumìnio e pastilha obtida pelo processo |
| CN1202537C (zh) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-05-18 | 北京科技大学 | 一种用机械合金化制备钐铁氮永磁材料的方法 |
| US20070221296A1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2007-09-27 | Tdk Corporation | Rare Earth Sintered Magnet, Raw Material Alloy Powder For Rare Earth Sintered Magnet, And Process For Producing Rare Earth Sintered Magnet |
| US20100054981A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-03-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Magnetic nanoparticles, bulk nanocomposite magnets, and production thereof |
| JP4764526B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-09-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 永久磁石およびその製造方法、モータ用永久磁石および永久磁石モータ |
| JP5093215B2 (ja) | 2009-11-26 | 2012-12-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 焼結希土類磁石の製造方法 |
| WO2013010173A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | Northeastern University | Rare earth-free permanent magnetic material |
-
2013
- 2013-10-10 DE DE201310220452 patent/DE102013220452A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-09-19 CN CN201480055286.1A patent/CN105612594B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-09-19 KR KR1020167012176A patent/KR20160070788A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2014-09-19 EP EP14777023.4A patent/EP3055870B1/de active Active
- 2014-09-19 WO PCT/EP2014/070047 patent/WO2015051986A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2015051986A1 (de) | 2015-04-16 |
| CN105612594A (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
| DE102013220452A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
| KR20160070788A (ko) | 2016-06-20 |
| EP3055870B1 (de) | 2019-11-13 |
| CN105612594B (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
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