EP3024992B1 - Fastening system for insulating elements - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of building insulation, in particular an insulation element for insulating buildings and a fastening system for fastening the insulation elements to a building wall.

The thermal protection improvement of existing building facades today makes an important contribution to energy saving and thus to environmental protection. In particular, the reduction of transmission heat losses, that is, losses that result from heat transfer through the building envelope, can subsequently achieve a reduction in the heating energy requirement of existing building fabric. Such a reduction is achieved, for example, by insulating the outer walls of the building with suitable insulation elements.

Commonly used for this purpose are curtain-type facades (i.e. built from elements suspended from a building wall) and composite thermal insulation systems.

Commercially available, prefabricated insulation elements are usually manufactured as a sandwich construction, i.e. from two cover layers with an insulation core in between. The cover layers are made of wood, metal or plastic. At least one of the cover layers can be provided with a plaster layer. Previously known insulation systems are on the one hand complex to manufacture, on the other hand they are heavy and require a lot of manual work on the construction site. In addition, assembly is associated with noise and dirt pollution for residents of the buildings to be insulated. Since the sandwich constructions often also have a high proportion of window areas, their manufacture is technically complex and correspondingly expensive.

The fastening to the facades or components to be insulated takes place by means of point fastening or rail systems, mostly via dowel connections. In point fastening systems, the insulation element is supported by at least four points. In the rail system, the element is attached to the facade via two rails - one in the area of the upper and one in the area of the lower edge of the element. With both types of fastening, the forces arising from external stress (wind suction, pressure and temperature) and dead weight are conducted over relatively large distances indirectly via the insulation layer to the fastening points in the building wall. Large-area gluing is also known as another type of fastening.

Known solutions are very time-consuming to assemble: For point or rail fastening, corresponding holes have to be made in the facade with great accuracy. Gluing insulation elements to the building wall also requires several work steps. In addition, correcting is no longer possible if the application is incorrect. The individual insulation boards are then attached to the wall one after the other. Then a cover layer, such as mortar or the like, must be applied before the insulation boards are provided with a protective layer if necessary.

In addition to the tedious assembly, the known insulation boards are also relatively heavy and have unsatisfactory static properties in the assembled state.

The publication WO 2012/041 331 A1 discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1 and describes a modular sandwich element which has partially high-strength concrete. In the publication KR 100 947 053 B1 an insulation element coated on one side is described. The publication US 2013/091 797 A1 shows uncoated insulation elements that can be stacked on top of each other.

The object on which the invention is based is to provide an insulation element for building insulation and an associated fastening system which, in relation to the insulation elements, enables a high degree of prefabrication and simple assembly and disassembly of the insulation elements on a building wall.

This object is achieved by an insulation element according to claim 1, the system according to claim 6 and the method according to claim 10. Different embodiments and further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

One aspect of the invention relates to an insulation element according to claim 1.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing an insulation element according to claim 10.

Figur 1

ein Beispiel eines beschichteten Dämmelements zur Befestigung an der Fassade eines Gebäudes;

Figur 2A

ein erstes Beispiel eines in der Beschichtung des Dämmelementes verankerten Ankerelements zur Befestigung des Dämmelementes an einer Wand;

Figur 2B

das Ankerelement aus Figur 2A im montiertem Zustand;

Figur 3A

ein zweites Beispiel eines in der Beschichtung des Dämmelementes verankerten Ankerelements zur Befestigung des Dämmelementes an einer Wand;

Figur 3B

das Ankerelement aus Figur 3A im montiertem Zustand;

Figur 4A

ein drittes Beispiel eines in der Beschichtung des Dämmelementes verankerten Ankerelements zur Befestigung des Dämmelementes an einer Wand;

Figur 4B

das Ankerelement aus Figur 4A im montiertem Zustand;

Figur 5A

die Befestigung eines Ankerelementes gemäß Figur 3A an einer mit der Wand verschraubten Ankerschiene;

Figur 5B

die Befestigung eines weiteren Dämmelements an der Ankerschiene aus Fig. 5A;

Figur 6

eine Detailansicht der Ankerschiene und der zugehörigen Ankerelemente aus Figur 5; und

Figur 7

die Anordnung mehrerer Dämmelemente übereinander an einer Gebäudewand.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the examples shown in the figures. The pictures are not necessarily to scale and are not to be understood as limiting the invention. Rather, it is important to explain the principle on which the invention is based. The pictures show:

Figure 1

an example of a coated insulation element for attachment to the facade of a building;

Figure 2A

a first example of an anchor element anchored in the coating of the insulation element for fastening the insulation element to a wall;

Figure 2B

the anchor element Figure 2A when assembled;

Figure 3A

a second example of an anchor element anchored in the coating of the insulation element for fastening the insulation element to a wall;

Figure 3B

the anchor element Figure 3A when assembled;

Figure 4A

a third example of an anchor element anchored in the coating of the insulation element for fastening the insulation element to a wall;

Figure 4B

the anchor element Figure 4A when assembled;

Figure 5A

the attachment of an anchor element according to Figure 3A on an anchor rail screwed to the wall;

Figure 5B

the attachment of another insulation element to the anchor channel Figure 5A ;

Figure 6

a detailed view of the anchor rail and the associated anchor elements Figure 5 ; and

Figure 7

the arrangement of several insulation elements one above the other on a building wall.

In the figures, the same reference symbols designate the same or corresponding elements with the same or similar meaning.

In Fig. 1 an example of an insulation element 1 is shown, which is suitable for the fastening system described below. The insulation element 1 comprises an essentially cuboid insulation body 10 made of insulation material. The insulating body 10 thus has six flat side surfaces, two opposite side surfaces lying essentially parallel to one another and two side surfaces adjoining one another along an edge each having a right angle to one another. The insulating body 10 is plate-shaped. This means that the two longer edges (along the width and height) of the insulating body 10 are significantly longer than the shortest edge (along the thickness). The length and the height of the insulating body 10 can be, for example, in the range from 0.5 to over 5 meters, whereas the thickness is, for example, between 5 and 30 cm. Any suitable materials for thermal insulation of buildings are possible as insulation materials, such as foamed plastics (e.g. polystyrene or polyurethane), inorganic insulation materials (mineral wool, calcium silicate boards) and natural insulation materials (wood fiber, wood wool, also cement or magnesite-bonded). Due to a spatially differentiated surface, the insulation element can also have a shape that deviates from the cuboid shape, whereby light-shadow effects are achieved and spatially complex free forms also in combination with a polygon (triangle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) .) are generated as the basis of a prism or a truncated pyramid.

The insulating body is at least partially covered with a hardened coating 11 made of an adhesive. In order to give the insulation element overall good mechanical stability, the coating 11 covers at least the corners and edges of the insulation body 10 or the region of the inner and / or outer cover surface (main surfaces) and possibly the side surface adjoining the corners and edges. When installed, the inner top surface is opposite the building wall. The outer cover surface is the visible surface of the insulation element when installed. In the in Fig. 1 In the example shown, the four smaller side surfaces of the insulating body 10 are complete and the two large main surfaces of the insulating body 10 are coated only along the edges. However, the side surfaces do not necessarily have to be completely coated. A complete coating of the entire insulating body 10 is also possible. According to one embodiment, the side surfaces are each coated between 30 and 100 percent with a coherent layer 11, but at least in the area of the edges of the insulating body 10. The coating 11 can be coated on the side surfaces by an anchor element (see Fig. 4 , Anchor element 12) can be supplemented or replaced, which serves to fasten the insulation element 1 to a building wall.

Even if there is talk of (hardened) "adhesive" throughout in relation to the coating 11, this does not mean that this is inevitably used to glue one part to another. After the adhesive has hardened, what matters is its mechanical properties in the hardened state. The hardened adhesive gives the insulation element mechanical stability. Nevertheless, the adhesive can serve to glue two or more insulating bodies 10 to form a larger insulating element, the adhesive in turn giving the insulating element 1 additional stability at the joint between the individual insulating bodies 10. In any case, the coating 11 of hardened adhesive lying on the outside of the insulation element 1 does not serve to glue the insulation element to a facade.

The invention enables a particularly resistant insulation element which, thanks to the coherent layer 11 of hardened adhesive, forms an inexpensive static system which is particularly well suited to the assembled layer 11 of adhesive (adhesive spatula), so to speak, a "skeleton" of the insulation element 1 Absorbing static forces occurring (eg due to wind suction). For this purpose, the layer 11 is located at least in the area of the corners and edges of the insulation element 1. The aim, as described above, is an insulation element that withstands the environmental conditions in use via the statically effective layer of hardened adhesive.

The adhesive used is characterized by the fact that after it has hardened as quickly as possible it has a high level of stability with adequate fire resistance. The adhesive can essentially contain cement and sand as the material base. The adhesive is also hydrophobic and has a ductile material behavior. For example, adhesive spatula can be used. The adhesives used can contain or consist of, for example, cement, organic adhesion promoters, sands and other additives.

The thickness of the layer 11 is, for example, between 0.5 and 12 millimeters. To reinforce the stability, the layer 11 can be reinforced with reinforcing elements, in particular with glass fleece fabric or reinforcing fibers. This can also be, for example, light aggregates and / or reinforcing fibers such as Trade aramid fibers.

In order to fasten (anchor) an insulation element 10 to a building wall, a fastening system (in Fig. 1 not shown) necessary. The fastening system comprises at least one anchor element 12. Different anchor elements 12 and their use are explained in more detail below. In figure 2 shows a first example of an anchor element 12 for fastening the insulation element to a wall. In the present example, the anchor element 12 is plate-shaped and anchored in the coating 11 of the insulation element. That is, a part (area A, see Figure 2A ) of the anchor element 12 is introduced into the layer 11 before it hardens, or the anchor element (with its area A) is applied to the insulating body 10 of an insulating element 1 before coating, and the part (area A) of the anchor element 12 lying on the insulating body becomes in the subsequent coating of the insulating body 10 also covered with the layer 11. As a result, a first part of the anchor element 12, referred to as "area A", is embedded in the layer 11 of hardened adhesive (adhesive spatula) (see Figure 2B ). A second part of the anchor element 12, referred to as "area B", lies essentially parallel to a main surface (which is opposite the wall 2 in the assembled state) from an edge of the insulating body 10. This protruding region B of the anchor element 12 enables the insulation element 1 to be fixed to a wall 2, for example by screwing it directly onto the wall 2 with the aid of a screw 13 (see Figure 2B ). In order to improve the connection between the layer 11 and the anchor element 12 and to prevent the anchor element 12 embedded in the layer 11 from being "torn out", the part of the anchor element designated as region B can have holes 120. These holes are filled by the adhesive (adhesive spatula) that forms the layer 11 before it hardens. The hardened layer 11 thus also forms a positive connection with the anchor element 12 (in addition to a material adhesive connection). Instead of the holes 120, depressions in or projections on the anchor element 12 can also be provided.

In the in Fig. 2 In the illustrated case, the anchor element 12 is essentially a rectangular plate with an i-shaped cross-sectional area, for example a rectangular piece of sheet metal or plastic. In the Figure 3 Another variant of the anchor element 12 is shown. In this example, the one embedded in the layer 11 points (referred to as "area B") part of the anchor element 12 has an approximately L-shaped cross-sectional area, so that the two legs of the L-shape abut two adjacent surfaces of the insulating body 10 and the anchor element thus encloses at least part of the side edge of the insulating body 10 . The part of the anchor element 12 projecting from the side edge of the insulating body 10 (referred to as “area B”) lies essentially parallel to the rear main surface (which is opposite the wall 2 in the assembled state) and thus parallel to the first leg of the L-shape and perpendicular to the second leg of the L-shape. Overall, there is approximately an (asymmetrical) T-shape of the cross-sectional area of the anchor element 12. For the embedding of the area B in the layer 11, the explanations apply Fig. 2 analogous. In Figure 3A holes 120 are also shown on one leg of the anchor element 12, whereas the previously mentioned recesses 121 are provided in the other leg of the anchor element 12. Recesses 121, holes and protruding projections are interchangeable. As in the previous example, the insulation element 1 can be screwed to the wall at the projecting area B of the anchor element 12 (screw 13).

In Fig. 4 a third example of an anchor element 12 and its connection to an insulation element 1 is shown. The present example differs from the previous examples only in the shape of the anchor element 12. In the present example, the anchor element has two parallel areas A, which are embedded in the coating 11 on both main surfaces of the insulating body 10. The two parallel areas B of the anchor element 12 are connected to one another via a web (referred to as “area C”). The web is essentially at right angles to the two main surfaces and parallel to a side surface of the insulating body. The areas A and C of the anchor element 12 together have an approximately U-shaped cross-sectional area. This U-shaped section of the anchor element 12 encloses two opposite edges of the insulating body and thus "clasps" a side surface of the insulating body at least partially. The part of the anchor element 12 protruding from the side edge of the insulating body 10 (referred to as "area B") lies essentially parallel to the rear main surface (which is opposite the wall 2 in the assembled state) and thus parallel to the first (rear) leg of the U. -Shaped and essentially perpendicular to the web designated as "area C". With regard to the holes 120 arranged in area A of the anchor element, the explanations for the preceding examples apply accordingly.

The aforementioned U-shape or the "clasping" of the side surface of the insulating body 1 by the anchor element 12 offers the advantage during the manufacture of the insulating element with the embedded anchor elements that the anchor element 10 holds on the insulating body 10 by means of the clasping without further aids (without to slip) until the adhesive that forms the layer 11 is completely cured and has the desired strength.

The example in Figure 5A shows the same dam element 1 with the same anchor element 12 as that Figure 3B , In the present case, however, the anchor element 12 is not fastened directly to the wall 2, but the fastening system additionally comprises an anchoring rail 14 horizontally fastened to the wall 2, to which the anchor elements 12 of one or more insulating elements can be fastened, for example with the aid of screws 13 .

The anchor rail has an essentially U-shaped cross-sectional area (U-profile), so that a groove 141 is formed which can be used, for example, to drain water (condensed water). One of the two substantially parallel legs of the anchoring rail 14 is somewhat longer than the other, the longer leg resting against the wall and being fastened, for example screwed (screw 15). A groove 143 can be arranged on the outside of the longer leg in the longitudinal direction of the rail 14. This groove 143 serves, for example, to accommodate a sealing tape (please refer Figure 5B , Seal 142). The screw 15 with which the anchoring rail 14 is fastened to the wall 2 can be passed through the groove 143 (alternatively also next to the groove 142). The anchoring rail 14 creates a cavity between the wall 2 and the rear main surface of the insulating element 1.

The anchor elements 12 described so far are embedded in the layer 11 of an insulation element 1 on the upper side. When the anchor elements 12 are mounted directly on the wall 2 (cf. 2 to 4 ), the anchor elements 12 on the lower side of an insulating element 1 can be made the same as those on the upper side. When using an anchoring rail according to Fig. 5 the anchor elements 12 'on the lower side of an insulating element are slightly modified compared to those on the upper side. Such a modified anchor element 12 'is shown in FIG Figure 5B and Fig. 6 shown. The part of the anchor element 12 'protruding from the edge of the insulation element 1' (designated "region B") is offset in the horizontal direction by a distance d from the wall in comparison to region B of the anchor elements 12 described above. The distance d is chosen to be so large that the area B 'can engage in the groove 141 of the anchoring rail and two insulation elements arranged one above the other come to lie in alignment with the wall 2.

In Figure 7 several insulation elements 1 '(top), 1 (middle) and 1 "(bottom) are shown mounted one above the other on a wall 2. The anchor elements 12 (on the upper edge of each insulation element) and 12' (on the lower edge of each insulation element) ) are according to Figure 6 executed. The anchor element 12 located on top of an insulation element is screwed to the anchoring rail 14, the insulation element being mounted with its anchoring element 12 'underneath in the anchoring rail of the lower insulation element 1 "and being folded against the wall to the anchor element 12 screwed anchor rail 14 on the Wall mounted. Since the anchoring rail can be detached from the anchoring element, individual elements can also be detached from the composite in the event of a revision or renovation. Only for the assembly of the first (bottom) row of insulation elements, only one anchoring rail 14 is screwed onto the wall as a saddle rail and the elements are suspended in this.

The joints (both vertical and horizontal) between the insulation elements can be sealed with joint tapes (so-called compri tapes). The vertical joints can be designed in the same way as the horizontal joints.

Claims (12)

1. Insulating element (1), comprising:

   an insulating body (10) having an inner and an outer deck surface and having lateral surfaces,

   a coating (11) made of a cured adhesive, which covers at least one region of the inner and/or outer deck surface of the insulating body (10) surrounding the corners and edges,

   at least a first anchor element (12) having a first region (A) embedded in the coating (11) and anchored in it that way, and having a second region (B) which, starting from an edge of the insulating element (1), projects from it parallel to the inner deck surface, and by means of which the insulating element (1) can be fixed to a wall,

   characterized in that the region (A) of the anchor element (12), which is embedded in the coating (11), comprises two sub-regions embedded in the coating (11) along distinct surfaces of the insulating body (10).
2. Insulating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first region (A) of the first anchor element (12), which is embedded in the coating (11), comprises one or several of the following features: holes (120), recesses (120), and protrusions.
3. Insulating element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two sub-regions of the first region (A) of the first anchor element (12) are embedded in the coating (11) along distinct surfaces of the insulating body (10), namely one of the lateral surfaces and the inner deck surface.
4. Insulating element (1) according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the two sub-regions of the first region (A) of the first anchor element (12) are embedded in the coating (11) along two neighboring surfaces of the insulating body (10), such that the embedded region (A) surrounds at least a part of an edge.
5. Insulating element (1) according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the two sub-regions of the first region (A) of the first anchor element (12) are embedded in the coating (11) along two opposing surfaces of the insulating body (10), and the sub-regions are connected via a web (C), such that the embedded region (A) together with the web (C) clamps at least a part of a lateral surface of the insulating body (10).
6. System comprising

   an insulating element (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 5, and

   at least two anchoring rails (14) consisting of an essentially U-shaped profile and which can be fixed to a wall parallel to each other and horizontally,

   wherein the second region (B) of the first anchor element (12) of the insulating element (1) projects from it in a vertical direction and is connectable to a first one of the anchoring rails (14) via a fixing element (13),

   wherein the insulating element comprises at least a second anchor element (12') having a first region (A) embedded in the coating (11) and anchored in it that way, and having a second region (B) which projects from the insulating element (1) in an opposite direction with regard to the first anchor element (12), and which is formed such that it can be positively inserted into a second one of the anchoring rails (14).
7. System according to claim 6, wherein the first region (A) of the second anchor element (12'), which is embedded in the coating (11) of the insulating element (1), comprises two sub-regions embedded in the coating (11) along distinct surfaces of the insulating body (10).
8. System according to claim 7, wherein the two sub-regions of the first region (A) of the second anchor element (12') are embedded in the coating (11) along distinct surfaces of the insulating body (10), namely one of the lateral surfaces and the inner deck surface.
9. System according to claim 7, wherein the two sub-regions of the first region (A) of the second anchor element (12') are embedded in the coating (11) along two opposing surfaces of the insulating body (10), and the sub-regions are connected via a web (C), such that the embedded region (A) together with the web (C) clamps at least a part of a lateral surface of the insulating body (10).
10. Method for producing an insulating element, comprising:

    providing an insulating body (10) having an inner and an outer deck surface and having lateral surfaces,

    arranging at least an anchor element (12) on the insulating body (10), such that a first region (A) of the anchor element (12) is in contact with a surface of the insulating body (10) and a second region (B) of the anchor element (12), starting from an edge of the insulating body (10), projects from it parallel to the inner deck surface;

    coating, at least partly, the insulating body (10) with a curable adhesive, so that it completely covers at least the region of the inner and/or outer deck surface of the insulating body (1) surrounding the corners and edges, and the first region of the anchor element (12) is embedded in the adhesive layer, wherein the first region (A) of the anchor element (12) comprises two sub-regions embedded in the coating (11) along distinct surfaces of the insulating body (10), and

    curing the adhesive.
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the two distinct surfaces of the insulating body (10) are a lateral surface and the inner deck surface of the insulating body (10).
12. Method according to claim 10, wherein the two sub-regions are embedded in the coating (11) along two opposing surfaces of the insulating body (10), and the sub-regions are connected via a web (C), such that the embedded region (A) together with the web (C) clamps at least a part of a lateral surface of the insulating body (10).

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