EP3023569B1 - Ecarteur pour ecarter les verres d'une fenetre multi-vitrage - Google Patents
Ecarteur pour ecarter les verres d'une fenetre multi-vitrage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3023569B1 EP3023569B1 EP15191282.1A EP15191282A EP3023569B1 EP 3023569 B1 EP3023569 B1 EP 3023569B1 EP 15191282 A EP15191282 A EP 15191282A EP 3023569 B1 EP3023569 B1 EP 3023569B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spacer
- outer shell
- desiccant
- siox
- extrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 149
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 80
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006345 thermoplastic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006346 thermoplastic polyester elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006124 polyolefin elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B3/66328—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of rubber, plastics or similar materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B3/66361—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with special structural provisions for holding drying agents, e.g. packed in special containers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B2003/6638—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with coatings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B2003/6639—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit sinuous
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spacer for the spacing of glass panes of a multi-glazed window, a multi-glazed window, and a method for producing a spacer with the features of the preambles of the independent claims.
- Multi-glazed windows are colloquially called multi-pane insulating glass. This type of glazing is primarily used for thermal insulation, that is, the prevention of heat loss to a cold environment or the prevention of heating of the interior by a relatively warmer environment.
- Multi-glazed windows usually consist of at least two glass panes arranged in parallel, which are spaced from a spacer. The result is between the glass panes, a space between the panes, which, filled with air or gas, represents an insulating layer.
- spacers with a cavity which contains a desiccant for drying the trapped air in the space between the panes.
- Spacers are usually designed so that they prevent the diffusion of water vapor from outside the space between the panes in the space between the panes and at the same time Ensure gas and water vapor exchange between the atmosphere of the space between the panes and the desiccant.
- plastic spacers are manufactured in one piece by profile extrusion. The cavity is then subsequently filled with a desiccant.
- WO 2010/115456 A1 shows a multiple glass pane comprising two outer glasses, at least one center glass and a spacer, wherein the spacer has a cavity for receiving a desiccant and for each center glass a receiving profile and the cavity of the spacer is filled with a desiccant.
- the spacer has an additional vapor barrier in the form of a metallic rolled foil.
- silicone Since silicone has the tendency to outgassing, there is also the problem that form with rapid use in the space between the panes rainfall ("fogging"). Silicone has a high water vapor penetration rate and is not suitable for protecting the loading of the desiccant matrix.
- a spacer is to be provided, which has improved properties with respect to outgassing of the plastic material and improved UV and thermal insulation properties.
- An advantageous spacer for the spacing of glass panes of a multi-glazed window comprises an outer shell.
- This outer shell at least partially encloses the desiccant and the desiccant is enclosed on all sides by the outer shell at least in a first crude product.
- the drying agent is at least partially enclosed by the silicone-free outer shell.
- the outer shell is produced by coextrusion of a plastic matrix with the desiccant. Production by coextrusion allows a flexible choice of material: the material can be chosen freely in terms of color or in terms of properties for the vapor barrier function or for adhesives for contact with glass panes.
- a spacer comprises a desiccant with an outer shell and an inner structure which is more porous than the outer shell.
- the outer shell and the inner structure are made of a component, typically of a polymer matrix, in which a desiccant is incorporated. It has been found that in a mono-extrusion automatically forms an outer shell, which encloses the porous inner part.
- the outer shell has a smooth, less porous surface.
- the outer shell has a lower water vapor permeability due to their low porosity and thus protects the desiccant during storage.
- the smooth exterior structure thus has a certain protective function against the passage of water vapor.
- the component compound of plastic and desiccant after monoextrusion but also additionally packed vacuum be present in airtight containers.
- a gas and water vapor connection with an outer side which is zuwendbar a disc space.
- gas and water vapor communication may be facilitated by means of a porous material or perforation or other openings in said region, preferably said side, of the spacer in an end product.
- the drying agent in the inner structure is held in both variants in a polymer matrix which is porous is. Porous means in particular porous and water vapor permeable than the outer shell of the spacer.
- the spacer according to the invention also preferably has at least one primary seal for the material-locking connection of the spacer with at least one glass pane, namely a highly adhesive glue.
- the adhesive adhesive may be covered with a protective film.
- a surface treatment on the profile can take place, for example, by the corona or plasma process.
- At least the silicone-free outer shell and the drying agent of the spacer are present as a composite by coextrusion. Due to the coextrusion of the outer shell with the desiccant this is present as a multi-layer composite of the two components.
- the spacer is made entirely of materials that have no or only a negligible outgassing after molding, in particular, the spacer is completely silicone-free.
- This composite eliminates the need for a later assembly of the spacer with a desiccant.
- the drying agent can be enclosed as far as desired low diffusion of the outer shell during manufacture.
- inventive spacer This allows storage of the inventive spacer at atmospheric conditions without exhausting the water absorption properties of the drying agent by the water vapor present in the atmospheric air.
- inventive spacer thus allows the same storage until the manufacture of insulating glass.
- the outer shell substantially has a low water vapor permeability and is present as a composite by mono-extrusion with the porous inner structure.
- the moisture absorption of desiccants is typically standardized. Zeolite desiccants typically have a water holding capacity of 20%. Due to the protective function of the outer shell, the initial load of the desiccant with water remains small and this value is also retained during storage or water cooling in the profile extrusion process. It has been shown that, especially in the case of monoextrusion of a desiccant matrix of TPE, the absorption of water vapor into the desiccant present inside the outer shell takes place much more slowly than with known spacers. For a standard load in the case of a TPE spacer according to the invention, the water vapor absorption after one month is 5%, while the same value in known silicone-based spacers is more than 8%. The spacers according to the invention are therefore much less critical in terms of water vapor absorption during production and storage.
- inventive spacers can be made more efficient. In particular, it is possible by simple Wasserbadkühlung to increase the extrusion rate, without significantly damaging the water absorbency of the desiccant.
- the spacer is present as a composite by coextrusion of a thermoplastic material with a plastic matrix enriched with the desiccant.
- the spacer is present as a monoextrusion of a drying agent contained in a plastic matrix, which results in an outer shell and a porous structure that is more porous in comparison.
- the at least one primary seal is also present as a composite by coextrusion with the outer shell.
- the primary seal extends longitudinally along the entire length of the profile.
- the thus configured primary seal can thus fulfill a dual function: connect the spacer cohesively with a glass pane and at the same time prevent the diffusion of water vapor from outside a space between panes in the space between the panes as a seal.
- a primary seal with such a double function ie, a material which simultaneously has sufficient adhesive properties between the spacer profile and a glass sheet and also has sufficient sealing properties, in connection with other types of spacers and not necessarily in coextruded form can be advantageous.
- an adhesive butyl is used to produce such a double function.
- an adhesive film preferably an acrylate adhesive tape
- an adhesive film which serves for positioning and fixing the spacer in relation to a glass pane during the production of an insulating glass.
- the spacer can also be subjected to a corona treatment at least in the region which is provided with the adhesive tape.
- the adhesive tape may be provided with a cover sheet which may be peeled off before use of the spacer.
- the spacer according to the invention has an essentially four-edged shape in profile.
- the profile cross section of a spacer according to the invention has a substantially rectangular shape with a first side length of between 6 and 24 mm, and particularly preferably 12 or 16 mm side length.
- the page length also depends in particular on the intended application: in applications for triple glazing, overall widths of 12-30 mm are typically preferred.
- a second side has a side width of between 6 to 16 mm, more preferably 6 to 8 mm.
- the materials of the spacer are preferably selected to be a substantially flexible spacer resulting in an automated production of multi-glazed windows and can be wound up for storage on wheels. The production of multi-glazed windows can then be done by robot.
- the spacer has at least one vapor barrier to prevent water vapor diffusion on one side of the spacer.
- the vapor barrier is intended to prevent the diffusion of water vapor through the side facing the outside during assembly, i. the frame faces prevent.
- a vapor barrier according to the invention may be a film which is adhered after extrusion.
- the vapor barrier is preferably produced by producing a vapor-impermeable plastic by coextrusion with the outer shell and the drying agent or the polymer matrix as a composite.
- the vapor barrier may be in the form of a metallic rolled foil and / or sputter-coated metallic or glassy layer.
- a vapor barrier which is present as a laminate, in particular of a PE layer, on which at least one PET-SiOx layer is applied. Preference is given to two PET-SiOx layers.
- the PE layer can be easily connected to the outer shell of a TPE spacer, in particular welded.
- the PET-SioX layer forms good contact for commonly used primary seals, e.g. Butyl adhesive.
- Such a vapor barrier can be applied in particular immediately after or during the extrusion. The welding is preferably carried out immediately after the extrusion of the profile.
- the extrusion die itself may be provided with a feed for the vapor barrier.
- film thicknesses below a permissible stress limit can be connected directly to the plastic melt within the tool.
- the film is fed directly after the die during the relaxation phase to the extruded profile.
- the spacer has a first, substantially flat base surface and a second, substantially flat opposite base surface.
- the first base in the final product is substantially permeable to water vapor and the second base is substantially impermeable to water vapor.
- the first base is aligned so that it faces the space between the panes and the second base faces the window frame.
- a distinction between a tradable crude product and a tradable end product of the inventive spacer takes place.
- the diffusion of water vapor to the internal structure, which includes the desiccant difficult. This is done by a diffusion-tight outer shell in the first embodiment or by a less porous, smooth outer shell in the second embodiment.
- the end product, ie the "activated" at or shortly before mounting spacers allows on at least one side, which faces a disc space between two glass panes, the diffusion of water vapor into the interior of the spacer better.
- the first base area has at least one opening, in particular one or more perforations.
- the second base has the vapor barrier.
- the vapor barrier is preferably a laminate of PE and at least one PET-SiOx layer.
- metallic rolled foils are also conceivable, in particular rolled foils comprising aluminum or a stainless steel foil. Also conceivable is a vapor-deposited metal layer.
- the outer shell co-extruded with the desiccant matrix has no silicone, in particular it comprises or consists essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of: TPS (styrene block copolymers), TPC ( thermoplastic polyester elastomers), TPV (crosslinked thermoplastic olefin elastomers), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers) and TPA (thermoplastic polyamide elastomers).
- a thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of: TPS (styrene block copolymers), TPC ( thermoplastic polyester elastomers), TPV (crosslinked thermoplastic olefin elastomers), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers) and TPA (thermoplastic polyamide elastomers).
- the outer shell in particular TPV, additionally tempered chalk and / or talc is added. This can reduce the Shore hardness.
- the thermoplastic elastomer has at least one, preferably all of the following properties:
- the Shore hardness is between 60 ShA and 75 ShA, preferably between 65 ShA and 70 ShA.
- It preferably has a lifetime of more than 20 years.
- UV-stabilized, organic materials such as TPE olefins and TPU elastomers exposed. They are characterized by a low water vapor permeation. More preferably, TPA polyamides or adapted biopolymer compounds can be used which satisfy the above conditions.
- the polymer matrix for the drying agent consists of components of the Olefinic TPE group, in particular from Infuse 9007 of the manufacturer DOW.
- the polymer matrix in particular from Olefic TPE
- the mono-extruded polymer matrix has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties:
- the Shore hardness is between 60 ShA and 75 ShA, preferably between 65 ShA and 70 ShA.
- It preferably has a lifetime of more than 20 years.
- the primary seal is selected from the group consisting of butyl, acrylate and hot melt adhesives. If the primary seal is designed as an adhesive, it can simultaneously perform two functions: on the one hand, the seal is useful for sealing in a manner known per se. At the same time it assumes a positioning function in the insulating glass assembly. Instead of two different materials (acrylic for positioning and butyl for sealing), the primary seal can fulfill both functions. Of course, this solution can also be used advantageously in connection with other spacers.
- a spacer according to the invention can be adapted according to the contour of the glass.
- the spacer is preferably formed in one piece. This facilitates all handling during assembly. In addition, a particularly cost-effective production is possible by the integral formation of the spacer.
- the spacer in addition to its substantially rectangular basic shape has a recess, in particular a groove, for receiving a glass pane on.
- a spacer designed in this way is particularly suitable for receiving the middle glass pane of a triple-glazed window.
- such a spacer also has a portion of the primary seal in this groove.
- a spacer which has a basic shape as in WO 2010/11545 has shown.
- the spacer may have a shape characteristic, which has a precisely defined position relative to the central receptacle of the spacer and which serves for positioning the spacer when inserting the middle pane.
- This shape feature may typically be formed as a track groove on the side facing away from the side for receiving the middle disc. While such a shape feature is particularly preferred in connection with inventive spacers, it goes without saying that it can also be advantageous for other spacers for triple glazing.
- the outer shell has two chambers with desiccant which are present as a composite by coextrusion with the outer shell.
- the spacer on the first flat base has at least one weakening point which is perforated at or shortly before the production of insulating glass and thereby gas and water vapor permeability of the first flat base to the desiccant guaranteed.
- a weakening point can be achieved by a thinner compared to the surrounding wall thickness wall thickness of the outer shell.
- Such a weakening in the first variant is particularly preferred. But it can also be advantageous in the second variant.
- the drying agent may preferably be present as a matrix in a plastic.
- Particularly suitable are drying agents based on molecular sieves, in particular silica gels and zeolites.
- the outer shell ensures UV resistance, elasticity and a high dimensional stability in the first place.
- the desiccant may comprise up to 40, preferably up to 70%, more preferably up to 90%, of the cross-section of the spacer.
- the outer shell has a wall thickness of 1 ⁇ 0.5mm.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a spacer, in particular a spacer as described above.
- a silicone-free outer shell and a more porous in comparison to the outer shell inner structure containing the desiccant are extruded, so that the porous inner structure is completely enclosed by the outer shell.
- a silicone-free outer shell and a drying agent are coextruded by means of a profile multi-nozzle, so that the drying agent is enclosed by the outer shell completely and diffusion-tight.
- a suitable profile nozzle is for example in US 5851609 shown.
- a suitable profile nozzle has multiple channels to extrude the individual components.
- the outer shell and the inner structure are mono-extruded in such a way that a more porous interior structure is created compared to the outer shell, which is completely enclosed by the outer shell.
- the outer shell is preferably rendered air and vapor permeable at at least one point.
- this step can be dispensed with depending on the porosity of the outer shell.
- This step can be postponed until the production of insulating glass.
- the extrusion can take place with water cooling, without the drying agent being exhausted in its water absorption capacity even before assembly, because at that time the drying agent is completely enclosed by the outer shell. This makes it possible to extrude much more efficiently and with higher throughput.
- the outer shell is perforated after the extrusion at least one point, so that an opening is formed.
- the outer shell is extruded with a weakening point, which is opened at least one point after the extrusion, so that an opening is formed.
- Such a weakening point can be produced, for example, by a profiled nozzle which is designed such that a weakening point, in particular a point with reduced wall thickness, is extruded. This makes it easier to perforate the corresponding point of the outer shell.
- the extrusion additionally comprises the extrusion of a seal, in particular a seal comprising a butyl, acrylate, or hot melt adhesive.
- the part of the outer shell which faces the space between the panes is rendered air and vapor permeable only during assembly, for example by perforating the said part during processing by means of a production robot. This can happen at weak points.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a multi-glazed window having at least two spaced-apart parallel glass panes and a spacer disposed between the panes of glass for spacing as previously described.
- the spacer is preferably fixed directly to a primary seal with the glass.
- the gap between the first and the second glass sheet is formed by the spacer is sealed off and outside of the space between the panes with another secondary seal.
- secondary seals are known in the art. Polysulfites, polyurethanes and silicones have proved to be particularly suitable.
- the outer shell encloses the drying agent at the time at which the spacer is fixed on a glass pane, still completely.
- the outer shell encloses the inner structure which contains the desiccant airtight and vapor-tight.
- the edge of the spacer facing the space between the panes can be rendered permeable to air and steam in both embodiments, for example by being perforated or a part of the outer shell being loosened at a weakening point.
- the multi-glazed window is assembled in an automated process with a robot.
- Particularly preferred is perforated only in the production of insulating glass by an application robot, so that the desiccant load is small and thus the water absorption capacity remains as high as possible.
- the multi-glazed window comprises, in a preferred embodiment, at least two panes of glass spaced apart by a spacer defining a disc space therein, and an outer space located externally on the spacer between the panes.
- said outer space is sealed diffusion-tight with a secondary seal.
- the spacer comprises no silicone and in particular comprises an outer shell which at least partially encloses a desiccant matrix.
- the outer shell is preferably designed such that vapor diffusion between the space between the panes and a drying agent embedded in the drying agent matrix is made possible.
- the initial loading of the desiccant with water is very low. This also increases the life of a multi-glazed window, which is equipped with the inventive spacer.
- the conditions according to standard EN1279 part 2 and part 3 are more reliable and longer fulfilled.
- the argon loss from the gap between the disks is less than 1% per year.
- the internal structure has at least one cavity.
- the at least one cavity leads to a reduction of the PSI value.
- Interior structures without cavities are also conceivable. However, due to the material and cost savings, an embodiment with cavities is preferable.
- the wall thickness of the outer shells 7 and 12 may be variable depending on the choice of material.
- the outer shell 7 or 12 is now shown as an example.
- FIG. 1 shows a spacer 1 of the prior art with a substantially rectangular profile cross-section. On the two narrow sides of a primary seal 3 is attached. Usually, butyl compounds are used as the primary seal. The spacer 1 also has a vapor barrier 4. Usually, aluminum, aluminum alloys, stainless steel or plastic films are used as a vapor barrier 4.
- FIG. 2 shows a further spacer 1, which is adapted for use with multi-glazed windows with three or more panes.
- the spacer 1 has a vapor barrier 4 and two primary seal 3 on the respective narrow sides of the spacer 1.
- the spacer also has a groove with a further sealant 6, which usually Acrylatadhesive or hot melts are used.
- a glass pane 5 is materially connected by the seal 6 with the spacer 1.
- On the side facing away from the third disc 5 side of the spacer is also provided with a track groove, which indicates the position of the groove.
- the track groove is used in the production of insulating glass, the positioning of the spacer.
- the track groove is shown in connection with a conventionally made spacer. It goes without saying that such ruts in Connection with the coextruded or mono-extruded spacers described below are particularly easy to produce.
- FIG. 3 shows a spacer 1 according to the invention with a thermoplastic sheath 7, which encloses a drying agent 8.
- the spacer 1 has a sheath 7 with a thickness of 1 mm.
- the spacer 1 has a height H of 6.5 mm, a height h of 3.5 mm, a width B of 9.8 mm and a width b of 0.8 mm.
- the spacer 1 also has a sputtered surface 4, which prevents the passage of gas and water vapor as a vapor barrier.
- the narrow sides of the spacer 1 are provided with an acrylic elastomer (VAMAC; Typon) as a strong adhesive (positioning adhesive) 3.
- VAMAC acrylic elastomer
- the sheath 7 also has on one side perforations 9, so that a gas exchange between the desiccant and the disc space (not shown) can take place.
- the sheath 7 consists of a flexible, hand-bendable thermoplastic elastomer.
- the elastomer has a Shore A hardness of over 60 ShA, is fogging safe and diffusion-tight for water vapor and argon gas.
- the sheath 7 from the product group Saran and is coextruded together with the desiccant matrix.
- the vapor barrier 4 to the secondary seal preferably consists of a composite functional film.
- Particularly suitable are diffusion-tight films sputtered with SiO 2 .
- Particular preference is given to a PE / PET-SiOx / PET-SiOx laminate which has been welded on after the extrusion, wherein the PE layer can be turned towards the spacer and the PET-SiOx layer can be turned towards the glass.
- films based on EVOH are conceivable.
- a glass, aluminum, stainless steel or plastic film after the coextrusion of the sheath 7 and the desiccant matrix 8 are glued.
- the primary seals (positioning adhesive) 3 can also be attached to the spacer 1 in an attached manufacturing step.
- the vapor barrier 4 may be a rolled metal foil, which may be chosen between 10 and 30 mm (aluminum) or 6 and 12 mm (stainless steel) thick depending on the material used.
- the rolled foils can also be made corrugated. The corrugation takes place transversely to the longitudinal direction of the spacer. As a result, the spacer is more flexible and can be wound up better. Of course, in this case, the plastic material applied to the film is also corrugated accordingly.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the spacer 1 from FIG. 3 ,
- the spacer 1 comprises a Dow Saran TM Barrier Films thermoplastic sheath 7 which encloses a desiccant matrix 8 (as described above) in two separate chambers.
- a desiccant matrix 8 as described above
- the jacket 7 is provided with perforations 9 at two points 9, so that water vapor exchange between the desiccant matrix and the space between the panes (not shown) is made possible.
- Figure 4 schematically shows a central disc 5 of a triple-glazed window, which is embedded in a groove and is adhesively bonded by means of an Adhesivklebers 6 with the spacer 1.
- the spacer also has a track groove for positioning relative to the center disc.
- the spacer 1 also has a vapor barrier 4.
- the vapor barrier preferably has a film coated with SiOx, for example a PET-SiOx film.
- a laminate of PE / PET-SiOX / PET-SiOx from the manufacturer AMCOR is preferred.
- the PET-SiOx layer is a PET carrier that is in a high vacuum is coated with silicon.
- vapor barriers from a subsequently attached stainless steel foil, aluminum roller foil or other metal foil or vapor-deposited metal are conceivable.
- the spacer also has two primary seals 3 made of an acrylate adhesive, which were also attached later.
- TPU foam, butyl, hotmelt or EPDM would also be well suited.
- zeolite having a volumetric fraction of 25 to 60% in a matrix of an olefin block copolymer (eg INFUSE TM 9700 from DOW®) or a polyolefin elastomer (eg ENGAGE TM from DOW®).
- an olefin block copolymer eg INFUSE TM 9700 from DOW®
- a polyolefin elastomer eg ENGAGE TM from DOW®
- thermoplastic sheath 7 and the desiccant matrix 8 are coextruded in one process step.
- seal 6 can be coextruded with the desiccant matrix 8 and the thermoplastic jacket 7.
- FIG. 5 shows a spacer 1 mounted between two panes 5.
- the spacer 1 has a thermoplastic jacket 7 in combination with a drying agent 8.
- the thermoplastic sheath consists of TPU or olefins.
- the spacer also has on both sides an adhesive tape 11, which was previously coated with a film and wherein the film was detached before the application of the spacer 1 on the glass sheets 5.
- the spacer 1 also has primary locks 3 made of butyl adhesive.
- a secondary seal 10 of polysulfide-thiover or polyurethane-polyver additionally seals the spacer 1 from the outside atmosphere.
- the desiccant 8 is used as a matrix of desiccant and a Plastic extruded, the materials of the Figures 3 and 4 be used.
- FIG. 6 shows a spacer 1, in which, unlike FIG. 5 the adhesive tape and the primary barrier have been replaced by a primary barrier 3 made of Adhesiv Hotmelt or butyl (adhesive).
- the primary barrier 3 thus performs a dual function: cohesive bonding of the glass panes and prevention of vapor diffusion.
- the primary barrier 3 can be coextruded with the remaining components of the spacer.
- the adhesive tape is in FIG. 6 (not shown in detail) similar as in the Figures 2 or 3 a deposition or a groove provided (which is also already used in these figures for receiving the primary seals 3.
- the FIG. 7 is different from the FIG. 5 by a welded to the thermoplastic elastomer 7 vapor barrier 4 made of a SiO x coated film or a bonded film of aluminum or stainless steel.
- the thermoplastic elastomer 7 encloses a drying agent 8.
- FIG. 8 shows in perspective a cross section of a portion of a spacer 1 which is present as a band cutout.
- the spacer 1 has a first planar base surface 20, which when mounted on a space between the panes (not shown) and a second flat base 21 which faces a window frame during assembly (not shown).
- the spacer 1 has perforations 9 along the entire length of the side 20 to allow gas exchange with the desiccant.
- the base 21 is limited by a diffusion-tight film.
- FIG. 9 shows in perspective a cross section of a spacer 1, which is present as a band cutout.
- the spacer 1 has an outer shell 12 and a porous inner structure 13.
- the outer shell 12 and the inner structure 13 are mono-extruded as a component compound of a plastic matrix and desiccant.
- the desiccant preferably used is zeolite and preferably constitutes 50% of the desiccant matrix.
- the plastic for the matrix is Infuse 9007 from Dow.
- Alternatively, eg HTC8312 / 59 can also be used by KRAIBURG TPE GmbH & Co. KG.
- This embodiment can also be used for triple glazing and provided with a track groove as described above.
- this embodiment may be provided as described above with adhesive tape and vapor barriers, in particular a vapor barrier made of a PE / PET-SiOx / PET-SiOx laminate film.
- the extrusion takes place at a temperature of 130 ° C (in the extrusion die) to 160 ° C (in the forerun) and an extrusion speed of 5 to 30 m / min.
- FIG. 10 shows in perspective a cross section of a spacer 1.
- the drying means 8 has two cavities 14.
- the drying agent is surrounded by a jacket 7.
- the desiccant 8 with the cavities 14 is coextruded with the jacket 7.
- FIG. 11 differs from FIG. 10 in that the spacer 1 as a whole is mono-extruded from a plastic matrix.
- the spacer 1 has an outer shell 12 and an inner structure 13.
- the inner structure also shows two cavities 14.
- the spacer outer skin also has a lower water vapor permeability. This significantly increases the service life of multi-glazed windows with the spacers according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Claims (5)
- Intercalaire (1) permettant d'espacer les vitres (5) d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage, ledit intercalaire (1) présentant une section transversale essentiellement rectangulaire et étant doté d'une première surface principale (20) essentiellement plane et d'une deuxième surface principale (21) opposée essentiellement plane, ladite première surface principale (20) étant essentiellement perméable à la vapeur d'eau et ladite deuxième surface principale (21) étant essentiellement imperméable aux gaz, notamment à la vapeur d'eau et aux gaz rares, notamment à l'argon et au krypton, ladite deuxième surface principale (21) comprenant au moins une barrière à la vapeur (4) visant à empêcher la diffusion de la vapeur d'eau à travers la barrière à la vapeur (4), caractérisé en ce que la barrière à la vapeur (4) consiste en un film stratifié composé d'une couche de PE et d'au moins une couche de PET-SiOx.
- Intercalaire (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la barrière à la vapeur (4) est appliquée directement au cours du processus d'extrusion ou immédiatement après le processus d'extrusion.
- Intercalaire (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la barrière à la vapeur (4) est appliquée par coextrusion.
- Intercalaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la barrière à la vapeur (4) consiste en un stratifié composé de PE/PET-SiOx/PET-SiOx.
- Intercalaire (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le film de PET-SiOx consiste en un film revêtu de SiOx.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15191282.1A EP3023569B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Ecarteur pour ecarter les verres d'une fenetre multi-vitrage |
PL15191282T PL3023569T3 (pl) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Element dystansowy do oddzielania szyb okna ze szkleniem wielokrotnym, okno ze szkleniem wielokrotnym i sposób wytwarzania elementu dystansowego |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11162316 | 2011-04-13 | ||
EP11196113 | 2011-12-29 | ||
EP15191282.1A EP3023569B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Ecarteur pour ecarter les verres d'une fenetre multi-vitrage |
EP12714669.4A EP2697466A1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Écarteur permettant d'espacer les vitres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage, fenêtre multi-vitrage, ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un écarteur |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12714669.4A Division EP2697466A1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Écarteur permettant d'espacer les vitres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage, fenêtre multi-vitrage, ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un écarteur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3023569A1 EP3023569A1 (fr) | 2016-05-25 |
EP3023569B1 true EP3023569B1 (fr) | 2018-06-06 |
Family
ID=45974321
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15200838.9A Revoked EP3020908B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Ecarteur de verres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage |
EP15191282.1A Active EP3023569B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Ecarteur pour ecarter les verres d'une fenetre multi-vitrage |
EP12714669.4A Withdrawn EP2697466A1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Écarteur permettant d'espacer les vitres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage, fenêtre multi-vitrage, ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un écarteur |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15200838.9A Revoked EP3020908B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Ecarteur de verres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12714669.4A Withdrawn EP2697466A1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Écarteur permettant d'espacer les vitres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage, fenêtre multi-vitrage, ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un écarteur |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP3020908B1 (fr) |
PL (2) | PL3020908T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012140005A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3020908B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2018-06-06 | ALU-PRO srl | Ecarteur de verres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage |
DE202012013491U1 (de) | 2012-01-13 | 2017-02-24 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Abstandshalter für Isolierverglasungen |
WO2015043626A1 (fr) | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | Prowerb Ag | Entretoise d'écartement des vitres d'une fenêtre à vitrage multiple, fenêtre à vitrage multiple, film pare-vapeur pour une entretoise, procédé de fabrication d'un film pare-vapeur, ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une entretoise |
EP3080377B1 (fr) | 2013-12-12 | 2023-09-27 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage isolant à étanchéité améliorée |
KR20160095129A (ko) | 2013-12-12 | 2016-08-10 | 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 | 압출된 프로파일링된 밀봉체를 포함하는, 절연 글레이징 유닛용 스페이서 |
EP3161238A1 (fr) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-05-03 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage isolant présentant un espaceur, et procédé de production |
EP3161237B1 (fr) | 2014-06-27 | 2018-07-25 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage isolant doté d'un écarteur et procede de production d'un tel vitrage et utilisation d'un tel vitrage isolant comme vitrage pour un bâtiment |
EP3265636B1 (fr) | 2015-03-02 | 2022-04-20 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Ecarteur renforcé en fibres de verre pour vitrage isolant, procédé pour sa fabrication et utilisation d'un tel écarteur dans un vitrage multiple |
CN107532447A (zh) | 2015-04-22 | 2018-01-02 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 用于制造三重隔绝玻璃单元的方法和装置 |
USD777345S1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2017-01-24 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Spacer bar |
DE102016115023A1 (de) | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-29 | Ensinger Gmbh | Abstandhalter für Isolierglasscheiben |
US10648223B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2020-05-12 | Andersen Corporation | High surface energy window spacer assemblies |
US20200324451A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 | 2020-10-15 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Spacer for insulating glazing units, method for producing the spacer and multiple insulating glazing unit |
PL3477035T3 (pl) | 2017-10-30 | 2020-12-28 | Technoform Glass Insulation Holding Gmbh | Element dystansowy do zastosowań fotowoltaicznych |
EP3505716A1 (fr) | 2018-01-02 | 2019-07-03 | Amcor Flexibles Denmark ApS | Espaceur de fenêtre de barrière à durabilité améliorée |
KR20210039463A (ko) | 2018-09-13 | 2021-04-09 | 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 | 금속 측면부들을 구비한 스페이서 |
WO2020200622A1 (fr) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procédé de fabrication d'une unité de vitrage isolant |
DE202020005504U1 (de) | 2019-03-29 | 2021-06-28 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Hohlprofilabstandhalter mit vorapplizierter Abdichtmasse |
EP3770369A1 (fr) | 2019-07-23 | 2021-01-27 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif formant palier pour supports d'écartement de profil creux |
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EP1029661A1 (fr) | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-23 | Alusuisse Technology & Management AG | Feuille composite et procédé pour sa fabrication |
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DE3302659A1 (de) | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-02 | Reichstadt, Hans Udo, 5628 Heiligenhaus | Abstandhalteprofil fuer mehrscheiben-isolierglas |
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EP3020908B1 (fr) | 2011-04-13 | 2018-06-06 | ALU-PRO srl | Ecarteur de verres d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage |
-
2012
- 2012-04-10 EP EP15200838.9A patent/EP3020908B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 2012-04-10 WO PCT/EP2012/056435 patent/WO2012140005A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-04-10 PL PL15200838T patent/PL3020908T3/pl unknown
- 2012-04-10 EP EP15191282.1A patent/EP3023569B1/fr active Active
- 2012-04-10 EP EP12714669.4A patent/EP2697466A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-10 PL PL15191282T patent/PL3023569T3/pl unknown
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US5830545A (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1998-11-03 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance, S.A. | Multilayer, high barrier laminate |
EP1029661A1 (fr) | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-23 | Alusuisse Technology & Management AG | Feuille composite et procédé pour sa fabrication |
WO2004081331A1 (fr) | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-23 | Ensinger Kunststofftechnologie Gbr | Profile d'ecartement pour vitrages isolants |
DE102004031203A1 (de) | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-19 | Wipak Walsrode Gmbh & Co. Kg | Siegelbare Verbundfolie und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung eines Schlauchbeutels |
WO2008022877A1 (fr) | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Prowerb St. Gallen Ag | procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage isolant et dispositif d'application d'un écarteur sur une vitre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012140005A1 (fr) | 2012-10-18 |
EP2697466A1 (fr) | 2014-02-19 |
PL3023569T3 (pl) | 2018-11-30 |
EP3020908A1 (fr) | 2016-05-18 |
EP3023569A1 (fr) | 2016-05-25 |
EP3020908B1 (fr) | 2018-06-06 |
PL3020908T3 (pl) | 2018-11-30 |
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