EP3023156A1 - Raffiniervorrichtung mit verbesserter effizienz - Google Patents

Raffiniervorrichtung mit verbesserter effizienz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3023156A1
EP3023156A1 EP15195234.8A EP15195234A EP3023156A1 EP 3023156 A1 EP3023156 A1 EP 3023156A1 EP 15195234 A EP15195234 A EP 15195234A EP 3023156 A1 EP3023156 A1 EP 3023156A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
members
rollers
zones
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15195234.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luc-François GROS D'AILLON
A'hcene BOUCENNA
Estelle GUYEZ PICARD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Publication of EP3023156A1 publication Critical patent/EP3023156A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/20—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a particle refiner device with improved efficiency.
  • wood in granular or particulate form obtained by grinding forest wood chips from forestry. These particles are obtained for example by means of a knife mill. The particles have an irregular appearance. In the mill, the material is broken up by shredding. The thickness of the particles obtained is of millimeter order, the length of the particles is less than 2 mm.
  • refiners to homogenize the particle size of rocks.
  • a refiner comprises an envelope and bars between which the rocks circulate, the envelope and the bars being set in motion, which ensures a homogenization of the particle size of rocks.
  • Some chemical reactions use particles having a fine particle size of about 100 microns. But to obtain such a particle size from the devices of the state of the art, the energy consumed is important, especially because of their stochastic behavior, in addition the flowability of the particles is not optimal. It is then necessary to use cumbersome transfer means, expensive and consuming a lot of energy. In addition, they do not necessarily make it possible to offer a narrow particle size spectrum, for example the particle size ranges between 1 micron and 1 mm and the product obtained is congested with fines whose size is less than 10 microns.
  • a particle refiner device for example of wood, comprising a flow channel, at least one member movable in rotation about an axis in the flow channel and a member adapted to oscillating about an axis in the flow channel, the two axes being parallel, the members having surfaces intended to come into contact with one another.
  • the movable member during its rotation strikes the oscillating member, and the surfaces of the two members are such that they cooperate with each other by rolling and / or sliding, the particles flowing in the channel flow intended to circulate between the organs.
  • the particles undergo percussion between the members and then either at least one pressure stress or at least one shear stress.
  • the main stresses applied to the particles are determined.
  • the particles may experience either pressure primarily when the members roll over each other or primarily shear when the members slide over each other.
  • the rolling or sliding speed is obtained by imposing the relative peripheral speed of the organs, this relative peripheral speed being in particular a function of the profile of the surfaces of the bodies coming into contact.
  • the device then provides a shaping of the particles.
  • the device advantageously allows the particle size to be varied, reduced and homogenized. By controlling the type of stress applied, it is easier to control the size of the particles obtained.
  • the members act as a hammer and anvil, the particles being impacted and then being crushed between the hammer and the anvil as they roll relative to each other, or abraded when the hammer slips in relation to the anvil.
  • the device makes it possible to reduce the quantity of fines, because of the non-stochastic behavior of the device, the same particle does not pass too many times between the members forming a hammer and anvil, and therefore its size. is not excessively reduced.
  • the device comprises an alternation of rotating members and oscillating members.
  • the surfaces intended to come into contact with the particles are carried by plates removably fixed to the members in order to be easily replaceable.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a particle refiner device comprising a flow conduit provided with a feed inlet and an outlet outlet and refining means arranged in the flow conduit, said refining means comprising at least one first member rotatably mounted around a first axis of rotation and rotated and a second member mounted to oscillate about a second axis parallel to the first axis of rotation, the first member comprising at least a first outer surface for contacting at least one second outer surface of the second member, the first and second surfaces being at least such that they have a mainly rolling movement with respect to one another, so as to generate mainly a pressure or the first and second surfaces being such that they have, with respect to one another, mainly a sliding motion of so as to generate mainly a shearing force.
  • the first and second surfaces are at least partially convex.
  • the first and second members comprise a body having a cross section having an elliptical-like shape, the first member having two first surfaces located at the ends of a larger axis of the ellipse of the first member and the second member having two second surfaces located at the ends of a larger axis of the ellipse of the second member.
  • the first and second surfaces are in the form of a involute of a circle, mainly applying a pressure constraint.
  • the first surface comprises a convex zone contained in a first exinscribed circle and the second surface comprises a concave zone contained in a second exinscribed circle of the same diameter as the first Excluded circle.
  • the first member comprises two convex zones connected by two concave zones contained in the first exinscribed circle and the second member comprises two concaves contained in a second exinscribed circle, the convex zones of the first member being intended to cooperate with one of the concave zones of the second member, mainly applying a shear stress.
  • the two convex zones of the first member may be delimited by opposite angles by their apex and the two concave zones of the second member are delimited by opposite angles by their apex.
  • the second member comprises a plane of symmetry which is secant with the at least one concave zone intended to cooperate with the zones convex of the first organ.
  • said axis of symmetry forms an angle of between 10 ° and 30 ° with respect to the plane containing the axes of rotation of the first and second members.
  • the first member can be rotated about its axis in a unidirectional movement and the second member can be mounted in oscillation, means for returning the second member in a balanced position being provided.
  • the device comprises a plurality of first members and several second members, the first and second members being alternated so as to form a row extending transversely with respect to the flow direction of the flow conduit and two first successive members present positions at rest and operating out of phase so as to attack the second member located between them at different times.
  • Each second member may be disposed between two first members.
  • the second member has a natural frequency greater than the rotation frequency of the first member.
  • the device comprises several rows arranged in the flow direction of the flow channel.
  • the first surface and the second surface are removably attached to the members.
  • Each first and second member may comprise a rotor carrying the axis of rotation, tools forming the at least first and second surfaces and removably mounted on the rotor and wafers attached to the tools.
  • the plates are for example fixed by soldering on the tools, advantageously by low temperature brazing.
  • the plates are preferably hardened steel or tungsten carbide.
  • the device may preferably comprise a variable frequency motor driving each first member.
  • the term "particles" refers to the elements that are introduced into the refiner device for their treatment, it may be a grind or granulate.
  • the particles have for example a characteristic dimension, such as thickness, of 1 mm to several mm and it is desired to obtain particles whose thickness is a few hundred microns. They can present all forms.
  • unrefined particles are the result of coarse grinding of wood chips from forestry.
  • Particles can be wood, more generally any type of plant or minerals or any other material that can be shaped.
  • the refiner device comprises a flow conduit or chute 2 with a feed inlet 4 and a discharge outlet 6.
  • the unrefined particles are introduced into the device through the feed inlet 4 and the refined particles are removed. through the evacuation outlet 6.
  • the chute 2 may have a preferably rectangular section.
  • the chute is oriented vertically. But this orientation is not limiting as will be described below.
  • the device also comprises means 8 for treating the particles and arranged inside the chute 2.
  • the processing means 8 comprise a plurality of wheels G1 and G2 mounted capable of pivoting about their axis X, in the example shown the axes of the rollers are oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow Y which is the vertical direction in the representation of the figure 1 .
  • Rollers G1 and G2 are distributed between rollers G1 called “active” set in motion by an actuator and G2 rollers called “passive” moved by means of active rollers.
  • rollers are distributed substantially in a row in a direction perpendicular to the direction of flow so as to cover the entire passage section of the chute.
  • the rollers can be divided into several rows R1, R2, R3 arranged along the direction of flow. In the example shown, three rows of rollers are provided. The number of rows is chosen according to the level of refinement desired.
  • the active rollers G1 alternate with the passive rollers G2 in each row.
  • roller G1 On the figure 3A , we can see in detail a roller G1 and on the figure 3B we can see in detail the cooperation of two pebbles.
  • the rollers G1 and G2 are of similar structures, only a roller G1 will be described in detail.
  • Each roller comprises a body 9 having two faces of larger area, a bearing axis 11 extending from each face.
  • the body has a peripheral surface 9.1 connecting the two faces of larger area.
  • the axis of the bearing defines the axis of rotation of the roller.
  • the body 9 has a cross section approximating an ellipse. More generally, the body has a central symmetry with respect to its axis of rotation and an aspect ratio of less than 1.
  • the bearing pins are mounted in opposite walls of the chute.
  • the peripheral surface 9.1 is advantageously convex, avoiding the presence of material accumulation zones.
  • the body advantageously comprises a rotor 13 carrying the axis 11, tools 14 forming the ends of the major axis of the body and removably mounted on the rotor and pads 15 forming the working surface and fixed on the tools.
  • Passive rollers G2 comprise plates 16 fixed to the tools. The pads of the adjacent rollers G1 and G2 are intended to come into contact with one another.
  • the tools 14 are for example fixed to the rotor by means of screws or any other suitable means.
  • the tools of the G1 active rollers are intended to strike the tools of the passive rollers G2 via the plates.
  • the material of the tools is therefore adapted to withstand shocks
  • the platelet material preferably has very good mechanical performance. It has a high hardness and a high resilience. It can be treated materials.
  • the pads are made of tungsten carbide or hardened steel. The pads may have a smooth working surface, for example in the case where the rollers roll over one another to apply pressure.
  • the plates are for example fixed on the tools by soldering, preferably by low temperature solder in the case of hardened steel plates, thus reducing the risks of modification of the crystallographic structure of the steel.
  • soldering preferably by low temperature solder in the case of hardened steel plates, thus reducing the risks of modification of the crystallographic structure of the steel.
  • the tools are replaced; maintenance of the device is simplified.
  • the platelet working surface may be structured, it may have a groove or even a toothing.
  • the rotor and the tools may be made of materials with less mechanical performance since they are not intended to come into contact with other rollers, for example they may be made of black steel. It will be understood that integrally or rotor rollers and tools directly forming the surfaces to come into contact are not outside the scope of the present invention.
  • the shape of the tools is chosen according to the type of stress to be applied to the particles.
  • the active rollers are rotated about their axis by a single motor, for example by means of relatively high return torque torsion bars, the torque being preferably adjustable.
  • the motor is an asynchronous motor, advantageously variable frequency. Its power is for example a few kW. The power is determined as a function of the mass flow rate of the particles to be treated, the particle inlet size, the size of the particles and the type of material. The number of rotors is chosen according to the flow rate and the particle size difference between the inlet and the outlet. Alternatively, one could provide several motors to drive one or more active rollers G1, the motors would then be synchronous.
  • the passive rollers are such that they are mounted capable of oscillating around their equilibrium position, by a return system formed for example by relatively low return torque torsion bars, the torque preferably being adjustable.
  • the return torque of the active roller is of the order of 10 times that of the passive roller.
  • the natural frequency of the passive rollers G2 is greater than the rotation frequency of the active rollers G1 in order to allow the passive rollers G2 to return to their equilibrium position between two contacts with the separate active rollers G1.
  • the successive active rollers G1 attacking the same passive roll G2 are out of phase, for example by n / 2.
  • the active roller G1.2 has its large vertical axis while the active roller G1.1 has its large horizontal axis.
  • the shapes of the tools are chosen according to the stress to be applied to the particles.
  • the shape of the tools defines the relative peripheral speed of the pads and thus establishes either a rolling or slip regime, or a regime applying both pressure and shear
  • the shape of the tools and thus the shape of the plates are chosen so that the plates of two adjacent rollers roll one on the other, without sliding, reducing the shear in favor of pressure.
  • the elliptical shape is not limiting, indeed outside the surfaces intended to come into contact and to apply the pressure forces, the rotor may have another shape.
  • the active and passive rollers may have different shapes.
  • the shape of the tools and thus the shape of the plates are chosen so as to minimize the rolling and to have a relative slip between the plates. important.
  • the active roller G1 'or hammer comprises a body 18 having, seen from the front, substantially the shape of a "Maltese half cross", ie it has only two opposite branches.
  • the axis of rotation of the roller G1 ' is between the two branches.
  • the peripheral of the roller G1 ' has two convex zones 22, 24 connected by two concave zones 26, 28.
  • the body 18 is defined by an ex-cline circle C1 and the angular expanses of the convex zones 22, 24 are the same, the convex zones s' extend on an angle ⁇ .
  • the body 18 advantageously comprises a rotor 30 carrying the axis 11, tools 32 forming the convex zones 22, 24 and preferably removably mounted on the rotor and plates 33 forming the working surfaces and fixed on the tools.
  • the pads of the rollers G1 'and G2' adjacent are intended to come into contact with each other.
  • the tools 32 are for example fixed on the rotor by means of screws or any other suitable means.
  • the passive roller G2 'or anvil It is defined by an excluded circle C2 having the same diameter as the circle C1 of the roller G1 '.
  • it comprises only concave zones 34, 36, 38, 40, the useful concave zones 34, 36 being connected by the concave zones 38, 40.
  • the useful zones 34, 36 extend over an angle ⁇ .
  • the angular extent of the useful concave areas 34, 36 may be different from that of the convex surfaces of the active roller G1 '.
  • the convex profile of the active convex zones 22, 24 of the roller G1 ' is substantially identical to the concave profile of the active concave zones 34, 36 so that there is a sliding between the two profiles over a large sector when the axis of the roller G2 'is aligned with the axis of rotation of the roller G1', as shown in figure 5D .
  • the convex profile of the active convex zones 22, 24 of the active roller G1 ' is an arc of a circle centered on its axis of rotation and the concave profile of the zones 34, 36 of the passive roller G2' is, in the first order, the same arc of the same circle as that of the convex profile of the convex zones of the roller G1 '.
  • concave zones 26, 28 and 38, 40 makes it possible to reduce the quantity of material of the rollers, their mass and their inertia.
  • the two convex zones 22, 24 of the active roller G1 'could be connected by planes, or even convex zones 26, 28. It should be noted that the profiles of the zones 26 and 28 are such that they do not extend beyond the ex-written circle. to avoid blocking the passive roller G2 ', nor overflow on the passive roller G2' before the contact so that it is the tool of the active roller G1 'which comes into contact with the passive roller G2' and not the connection areas.
  • the two useful areas of the passive roller G2 'could be connected by two zones 38, 40 other than concave zones, for example convex zones 38, 40 or even by planes, the shape of zones 38 and 40 being such that they do not disturb neighboring systems.
  • An example in which the zones 26, 28 and 38, 40 are convex is represented on the figure 7 . This is particularly advantageous because the accumulation of particles is limited in these areas.
  • the roller G2 comprises a body advantageously formed of a rotor and removable tools 42 and plates 44 fixed to the tools, forming the concave areas 34,36.
  • the active zones advantageously comprise tools.
  • the tools of the active rollers G1 ' are intended to strike the tools of the passive rollers G2' via the plates.
  • the material of the tools is therefore adapted to withstand shocks.
  • the platelet working surface may be structured, for example it may have a groove or even a toothing.
  • rollers G1 ', G2' ( Figure 5A ), so that the first contact between the plate 34 of the active roller G1 'and the plate 44 of the passive roller G2' is a shock ( Figure 5B ).
  • the roller G1 ' continues its rotation ( Figure 5C ) which leads to the alignment of the passive roller G2 'with the line connecting the axes of rotation as can be seen on the figure 5D .
  • the plates 34, 44 then slide on one another applying a shear to the particles located between the two rollers until the plate 34 escapes the plate 44 ( figure 5E ).
  • the active roller G1 ' rotates at a constant speed.
  • the two active convex zones 22, 24 successively come into contact with the concave zone 24.
  • the two rollers G1 ', G2' apply, after the initial shock, an almost pure shear.
  • the end edges of the convex useful zones are rounded so that the impact does not occur on a fragile edge.
  • the active rollers G1 'and passive rollers G2' are distributed and arranged in a manner similar to the gates G1 and G2 on the Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the choice of the type of stress applied to the particles may depend on the type of material to be treated. For example, the application of pressure is more favorable for the shaping of fragile materials, such as charcoal, and the application of shear is more favorable for the shaping of materials having properties. plastics like green wood.
  • rollers of the same row have forms of tools for rolling and / or sliding.
  • the axes of the active rollers are aligned along an axis Z1 and the axes of the passive rollers are aligned along an axis Z2 parallel to Z1 and distinct therefrom so as to enable the active rollers to attack the passive rollers by the up or down.
  • the ends of the rows are formed by active rollers G1, so that each passive roll G2 is attacked successively by two active rollers G1.
  • rollers of two successive rows may have different shapes, for example the first row promotes rolling and therefore the application of pressure and the second row promotes sliding and therefore the application of a shear and a particle abrasion.
  • the device comprises a network of active rollers arranged substantially in a square pitch and an array of passive rollers also disposed substantially in a square pitch.
  • Other configurations are possible.
  • rollers of the different rows are aligned in columns, but this embodiment is in no way limiting, one could consider shifting laterally the rollers from one row to another, for example a half-step.
  • the rollers have an inertia which is adapted to the intensity of the stress that it is desired to apply.
  • the particles are introduced into the trough 2 through the feed inlet 4. They flow by gravity and meet the first row of rollers G1 and G2.
  • two active rollers G1.1 and G1.3 are horizontal and an active roller G1.2 is vertical.
  • the active rollers G1.1, G1.2, G1.3 are rotated about their axis in the same direction of rotation, for example in the clockwise direction.
  • the roller G1.1 hits the roller G2.1 and drives the roller G2. 1 in counterclockwise rotation.
  • the particles between the G2.1 rollers are then shocked first.
  • the plates of the rollers G1.1 and G2.1 roll over each other, the particles which are taken between two plates are applied a pressure stress essentially.
  • the passive roller G2.1 is released from it and returns to its horizontal equilibrium position under the effect of the restoring force exerted by the torsion bar.
  • the active roller G1.2 can be rotated at the same time as the active roller G1.1 but, because of the phase shift, has not yet encountered a plate of adjacent passive rollers.
  • the passive roller G2.1 oscillates around its equilibrium position and is struck by the roller G1.2 and one of the plates of the active roller G1.2 comes into contact with one of its plates and drives it in rotation in counter clockwise. Again the particles that are caught between two platelets are applied a stress essentially pressure.
  • the active roller G2.2 has rotated sufficiently, the passive roller G2.1 is released from it and returns to its position of horizontal equilibrium under the effect of the restoring force exerted by the torsion bar.
  • the active roller G1.2 simultaneously comes into contact with the passive rollers G2.1 and G2.2.
  • the active roller G1.3 has the same movement as the active roller G1.1.
  • the particles thus treated fall on and between the rollers of the row R2, and then on and between the rollers of the row R3 and undergo the same type of treatment at each row.
  • the particles are then evacuated by gravity through the evacuation outlet 6.
  • the passive rollers G2 undergo percussion or shocks from the directly adjacent active rollers G1.
  • the particles between the rollers undergo first this percussion then undergo essentially a pressure. In the case where the plates would slide relative to each other, the particles would undergo a shear stress.
  • Either the treated particles are ready for use and are transferred to their area of use, or they require another treatment, they can then be reintroduced into the device by the feed inlet 4.
  • Each passive roller is struck alternately by the active rollers located on either side of the passive roller because of the phase shift between the active rollers.
  • Each passive roller is moved alternately by one and then the other of the active rollers, the passive roller returning to its rest position before being attacked by the other active roller.
  • the number of rows is determined according to the treatment that is desired to apply to the particles, i.e. the desired surface condition and / or the expected particle size.
  • the length of the rows in the direction along the axes Z1 and Z2 and the length of the rollers along the X axis oriented perpendicular to the Y axis define the passage section.
  • the device in particular the chute, is vertically oriented particles moving by gravity. But the device according to the invention could be arranged horizontally, nevertheless means of displacement should be implemented
  • the rollers have for example a major axis between 20 mm and 100 mm and a small axis between 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • the minor axis is of the order of half of the major axis. They may have a useful length, i.e. the length along which the pads extend between 100 mm and 700 mm.
  • the distance between the axis of the rollers is of the order of magnitude of their major axis. This distance is less than their major axis between active and passive rollers and greater than their major axis between rollers of 2 successive rows.
  • a row may be formed of about 10 rollers and thus have a length of about 1000 mm.
  • the tools have a dimension in the direction of the large radius of 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the platelets have for example a millimeter thickness.
  • the shapes of the rollers can be adapted so that the device applies after the initial shock both a pressure and a shear, the distribution between the two being obtained by the choice of shapes.
  • the present invention applies in particular to the treatment of wood waste in the context of the recovery of biomass, but it can be applied to other technical fields, for example in the treatment of cement, in the powder metallurgy, chemistry, and especially pharmacy, in the manufacture of compressed food, agri-food, for example in the treatment of cereals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
EP15195234.8A 2014-11-19 2015-11-18 Raffiniervorrichtung mit verbesserter effizienz Withdrawn EP3023156A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1461204A FR3028432B1 (fr) 2014-11-19 2014-11-19 Dispositif raffineur offrant une efficacite amelioree

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3023156A1 true EP3023156A1 (de) 2016-05-25

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EP15195234.8A Withdrawn EP3023156A1 (de) 2014-11-19 2015-11-18 Raffiniervorrichtung mit verbesserter effizienz

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991017690A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-28 Szombathy Janos J A machine for shredding vehicle tires and other articles
EP0583515A1 (de) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-23 Evarest Boleslavovich Komarovsky Prallzerkleinerung von Gestein und Erz
US5635224A (en) * 1994-12-02 1997-06-03 Brooks; Thomas W. Apparatus for recycling previously used agricultural plastic film much

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991017690A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-28 Szombathy Janos J A machine for shredding vehicle tires and other articles
EP0583515A1 (de) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-23 Evarest Boleslavovich Komarovsky Prallzerkleinerung von Gestein und Erz
US5635224A (en) * 1994-12-02 1997-06-03 Brooks; Thomas W. Apparatus for recycling previously used agricultural plastic film much

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FR3028432B1 (fr) 2016-12-30
FR3028432A1 (fr) 2016-05-20

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