EP2991159A1 - Réseau d'alimentation pour systèmes d'antennes - Google Patents

Réseau d'alimentation pour systèmes d'antennes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2991159A1
EP2991159A1 EP15169109.4A EP15169109A EP2991159A1 EP 2991159 A1 EP2991159 A1 EP 2991159A1 EP 15169109 A EP15169109 A EP 15169109A EP 2991159 A1 EP2991159 A1 EP 2991159A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
network according
feed network
microstrip
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15169109.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2991159B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Merk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Original Assignee
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2991159A1 publication Critical patent/EP2991159A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2991159B1 publication Critical patent/EP2991159B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H01P3/081—Microstriplines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/085—Coaxial-line/strip-line transitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to feed network with waveguide and two microstrip conductors for antenna systems, in particular for the bidirectional, in the Ka, Ku or X-band operated satellite communication for mobile and aeronautical applications.
  • antennas In order to connect aircraft for the transmission of multimedia data to a satellite network, it requires wireless broadband channels for data transmission at very high data rates.
  • antennas must be installed on the aircraft, which have small dimensions to be installed under a radome and yet for a directed wireless data communication with the satellite (eg in the Ku, Ka or X-band) extreme requirements on the transmission characteristics meet, as a disturbance of adjacent satellites must be reliably excluded.
  • the antenna continues to be movable below the radome to track the satellite's orientation as the aircraft moves.
  • the antenna must be made compact in order to remain mobile under the radome.
  • the regulatory requirements for broadcasting arise from international standards. All these regulatory requirements are designed to ensure that in the targeted Transmission mode of a mobile satellite antenna no interference may occur adjacent satellites.
  • antennas consist of antenna fields, which are constructed from single radiators and have suitable feed networks. They can be run in any geometry and any length to aspect ratio without sacrificing antenna efficiency. In particular, antenna fields can be realized with low height.
  • feed networks can be represented by a combination of waveguides and microstrip lines, but the number of power dividers needed is high. Power dividers in the waveguide area of the feed network require installation space that is available only to a limited extent.
  • feed networks allow to distribute a sum signal amplitude and phase correct to the individual emitters in the transmission case or vice versa in the case of reception to correctly add the signals of the individual emitters to a sum signal.
  • the feed network consists of microstrip conductors which combine the first single emitter groups (eg NxN or NxM elements) and a waveguide network to again combine several N * N or N * M groups.
  • Microstrip conductors have the advantage of a small footprint and thus enable a high integration density.
  • the disadvantage is higher electrical losses compared to waveguides, but which require a much larger volume compared to microstrip conductors.
  • the feed network includes a waveguide with broad sides and narrow sides, and two microstrip conductors, each containing a conductor loop.
  • the conductor loops each project from one of the narrow sides into the waveguide and are electrically connected to a broad side of the waveguide, i. are shorted to the waveguide on the broad side.
  • the waveguide On the narrow side, the waveguide has a small opening through which the microstrip conductor is guided without being electrically in contact with the waveguide itself.
  • the conductor loops protrude from opposite narrow sides into the waveguide.
  • the microstrip conductors can connect a large number of antenna elements, if necessary via further microstrip power dividers, in the sense of their own feed networks and with low-loss short paths.
  • the H-field coupling of the waveguide and two microstrip conductors advantageously produces a power divider, the signals arriving via the waveguide. So you get a kind of "hybrid” power divider, which distributes the signal from a waveguide gate on 2 microstrip gates.
  • the conductor loops have an equal length within the waveguide.
  • the signals on both microstrip lines have the same phase position and in the control of the following antenna elements, no further phase compensation is required.
  • the conductor loops are also advantageous to arrange the conductor loops so that they project centrally from the narrow sides into the waveguide. This can provide maximum performance in the microstrip conductors are coupled and the matching at the transition optimized.
  • the arrangement of the microstrip conductors in the waveguide advantageously takes place approximately ⁇ / 4 away from one end of the short-circuited waveguide.
  • divider ratios of 50:50 to 80:20 can be set in a broad range, as a result of which desired aperture tolerances of the antenna can be easily implemented.
  • one of the microstrip lines of the feed network can have a phase compensation arc which adapts the length of this microstrip line to the length of the other microstrip line and thus produces an equal microstrip line length and thus equal phase position of the signals of both microstrip lines despite asymmetry in the conductor loop shape.
  • phase compensation arc is assigned to the microstrip conductor which is electrically connected to the waveguide at a greater distance from the center of the broadside than the other microstrip conductor.
  • the conductor loops are advantageously not straight, but include width jumps and set pieces. By specifying the position and size of stride jumps and set pieces, the reflections are reduced for the desired frequency range.
  • the microstrip conductors consist of a board with a dielectric having a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.127 mm, and a copper strip arranged on the board with a thickness of 15 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 17.5 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the copper strip is 0.2 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 mm.
  • the waveguide or the waveguide network is performed according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least in sections as ridge waveguide.
  • the ridge waveguide allows a wider band frequency range than a "normal” rectangular waveguide, particularly interesting for the Ka band.
  • a ridge waveguide allows more compact designs (reduction of broadside) compared to a "normal” rectangular waveguide at the same cutoff frequency (interesting even at lower frequencies (X-band and Ku-band), in which the waveguide dimensions would otherwise be larger.
  • the electrical connection of the conductor loops with the broad side of the waveguide is carried out according to advantageous embodiments of the invention galvanic - direct connection of a trace of the microstrip line and the waveguide edge or capacitive.
  • the waveguide includes an opening into which a Board is inserted with the conductor loops.
  • the tracks of both sides of the board are connected to each other by means of vias and separated from the waveguide by an insulation. The thickness of the insulation and the area of the tracks insulated from the waveguide determine the capacitance.
  • a distance between one end of the waveguide and the microstrip conductor is advantageously only ⁇ / 8 to ⁇ / 12, ie significantly less than ⁇ / 4, for which a maximum of the field strength would exist. It has been shown that with reasonable losses, the size of the feed network can be reduced once again.
  • the waveguide of the feed network may contain restrictions whereby a ridge waveguide is formed.
  • the electrical connection of the conductor loops with the broad side of the waveguide no restriction, but takes place in a rectilinear section.
  • the conductor loop with the larger power output advantageously has the width of the microstrip line larger than in the conductor loop with the lower power output.
  • the antenna comprising a plurality of horn radiators as antenna elements, which are connected via microstrip conductors with a waveguide having broad sides and narrow sides.
  • the microstrip conductors each consist of a conductor loop which protrudes from one of the narrow sides into the waveguide and is electrically connected to a broad side of the waveguide.
  • Horn radiators are very efficient single radiators in Antenna fields are arranged.
  • horns can be designed broadband.
  • the antenna is suitable for bidirectional operation in vehicle-based satellite communication in a frequency band of 7.25-8.4 GHz (X-band), 12-18 GHz (Ku-band) and 27-40 GHz (Ka-band).
  • X-band 7.25-8.4 GHz
  • Ku-band 12-18 GHz
  • Ka-band 27-40 GHz
  • FIG. 1 shows a waveguide HL, which is filled with air and has the dimensions 16 x 6 mm for the Ku band or 7 x 2.5 mm for the Ka band.
  • the termination at the end AB of the waveguide HL is about ⁇ / 4 of a coupling of two microstrip lines MS1, MS2 away.
  • the microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 protrude from a narrow side b1, b2 into the waveguide HL.
  • the microstrip lines MS1, MS2 consist of a Suspended Strip Line (SSL), which consists of a circuit board on which a copper strip, a copper layer, is applied.
  • SSL Suspended Strip Line
  • the board itself consists of a dielectric with a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.127 mm.
  • the copper strip thereon has a width of 0.2 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 mm, and a thickness of 15 to 50 microns, preferably 17.5 microns. So that the microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 can protrude into the waveguide HL, the narrow sides b1, b2 at the level of the coupling have a narrow slot, which is adapted to the shape of the microstrip line MS1 and MS2.
  • the SSL is surrounded by metal, so there are no power losses from radiation out of the structure and through the passage at the slots. By appropriate dimensioning of the slot and the interference on the field of the waveguide HL is negligible.
  • both microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 are electrically connected to the waveguide HL.
  • This connection represents in each case a short circuit 1 of the respective microstrip line MS1, MS2 with the waveguide HL.
  • a conductor loop 11, 12 forms around both sides of the waveguide HL through the respective microstrip lines MS1, MS2, around which an H field is formed ,
  • the inductive H-field coupling is in FIG. 2 shown again. On a sectional plane through the coupling can be seen at the locations near the short circuits 1 as the H-field coupled as TE mode from the waveguide HL in the two microstrip lines MS1, MS2 as TEM mode.
  • the feeding network according to the invention consisting of the two microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 and the waveguide HL, will now be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 further explained.
  • the conductor loops 11, 12 within the waveguide HL form two equal loops, which extend from the narrow sides b1 and b2 to the broad side a1. These equal areas of the conductor loops 11, 12 mean a symmetrical power division.
  • the conductor loops 11, 12 further include set pieces and width jumps, which favor the adaptation of the microstrip line MS1 or MS2 to the conditions of the waveguide HL.
  • a conductor piece which is in each case connected to the broad side a1, narrowest and a conductor loop piece, which represents the transition to the microstrip MS1 or MS2 outside of the waveguide HL, the widest. Size and position of the wide jumps or set pieces are optimized accordingly for the desired frequency band.
  • microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 continue after the slot in the narrow side b1, b2 of the waveguide HL and form microstrip conductor networks, with which, as shown later, antenna elements are supplied.
  • FIG. 4 shows in comparison to FIG. 3 a variant in which a phase shift of the signals between the microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 is effected in that the electrical connection of the conductor loops 11, 12 takes place on opposite broad sides a1 and a2 of the waveguide HL.
  • the positioning of the conductor loops 11 and 12 is here again symmetrical, but with respect to the top and bottom of the waveguide HL mirror image. This means that once again a balanced power line is achieved, but the signals on one microstrip line MS1 are 180 ° out of phase with respect to the other microstrip line MS2.
  • a center M of the broad sides of the waveguide is located.
  • the conductor loop 11 on the left side of the waveguide has a larger flooded area than the conductor loop 12 on the right side.
  • the lengths of the conductor loops 11 and 12 within the waveguide differ therewith.
  • the a length compensation of the microstrip line MS2 and an adjustment to the length of the other microstrip line MS1 brings with it.
  • divider ratios can be set from 50:50 to 80:20. This allows multiple aperture assignments for the antenna driven by the feed network. Due to a set phase shift between the two microstrip lines MS1, MS2, see FIG. 4 , geometrically mirrored antenna elements or possible phase shifts can be compensated by subsequent waveguide networks.
  • FIG. 6 is an alternative waveguide shape to the otherwise rectangular waveguide HL as in FIG. 1 , shown.
  • the waveguide HL is provided as a ridge waveguide, each with a restriction RI centered in the broad sides a1, a2.
  • the waveguide HL broadband.
  • the web waveguide HL has a width paragraph SP, in which the dimensions of the narrow sides b1, b2 and broad sides a1, a2 change abruptly, and a length of the restriction RI is changed. This is used to minimize the reflections.
  • the feed network according to the invention is used in particular in antennas having a plurality of horn radiators as antenna elements used.
  • FIG. 7 shows an antenna with 16 antenna elements, a feed network is able to feed 8 antenna elements A1 to A8 alone.
  • a waveguide HL is to centrally located within eight antenna elements A1 to A8 and on both narrow sides of the signals are coupled into two microstrip lines MS1 and MS2. These microstrip conductors MS1, MS2 in turn form microstrip conductor networks, which connect in each case 4 antenna elements A1 to A4 or A5 to A8 to the waveguide HL.
  • the waveguide HL in turn forms the conclusion of a waveguide network.
  • only one waveguide power divider is shown.
  • the waveguide network is in turn connected to a transmitting and receiving device Tx / Rx, which receives corresponding signals from the antenna or sends to the antenna.
  • the feed network shown here allows the feeding of a large number of antenna elements with a minimum of power dividers in the waveguide network.
  • lightweight compact antennas are represented, as they are needed in the aircraft-based satellite communication in the X, Ku or Ka band.
  • FIGS. 8 to 13 show alternative embodiments of the feed networks according to the invention, which except for the embodiment according to FIG. 13 Include climbing ladders with restrictions RI.
  • FIG. 8 shows a symmetrical power divider (power output 50% / 50%), in which the electrical connection of the conductor loops 11, 12 occurs just to the right and left of the restriction RI of the waveguide HL. Both conductor loops 11, 12 frame the same area and have the same widths of the conductor tracks.
  • the food network after FIG. 9 is particularly suitable for narrow frequency bands, for example in X-band.
  • One Distance AB1 of one end of the waveguide HL to the microstrip line is only about ⁇ / 10, that is to say significantly less than ⁇ / 4 or half the length A1 of the broad side a1.
  • the size of the feed network is reduced again.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show asymmetric divisors with a divider ratio of 66.7% / 33.3% and 57% / 43%, respectively, which are set by the fact that the left conductor loop 11 encloses a larger area than the right conductor loop 12. Also in these feed networks, the galvanic electrical connection between conductor loop 11, 12 and waveguide HL without the restriction RI is touched in a rectilinear region of the waveguide HL. In FIG. 9 this is clear. The restriction RI starts from the end of the waveguide AB only shortly after the microstrip MS2. How out FIG. 10 As can be seen, the width D of the left conductor loop 11 with the larger power output is greater than the width of the right conductor loop 12. Thus, the left conductor loop 11 is more low-impedance than the right conductor loop 12 and well fitted.
  • the area to be set for the power division - essentially determined by the length of the first line section of the short circuit A and the length of the second line section in the direction of the narrow waveguide side B, which framing the respective line loop 11, 12 are for a reflection-poor adaptation of the microstrip MS1, MS2 after FIG. 12
  • the width of the first line section C, the width of the second line section D are selected according to the impedance of the conductor loop necessary for a reflection-poor matching.
  • the conductor loop with the greater power output has the designations in FIG. 12 a larger width C, D the microstrip line as the other conductor loop with the lower power output - see FIG. 10 ,
  • FIG. 13 contains the waveguide HL an opening into which a circuit board PL is inserted with the conductor loops forming conductor tracks L on the surface.
  • the interconnects L of both sides of the board PL are interconnected by means of vias V.
  • waveguide HL and interconnects L are separated by an insulation I.
  • the insulation I is formed by an electrically insulating coating eg solder resist.
  • the conductor tracks L are made of copper, the waveguide HL is made of aluminum.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP15169109.4A 2014-08-29 2015-05-26 Réseau d'alimentation pour systèmes d'antennes Active EP2991159B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014112467.7A DE102014112467B4 (de) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Speisenetzwerk für antennensysteme

Publications (2)

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EP2991159A1 true EP2991159A1 (fr) 2016-03-02
EP2991159B1 EP2991159B1 (fr) 2018-08-08

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US (1) US9761955B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2991159B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105390820B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014112467B4 (fr)

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CN110190371B (zh) * 2019-05-29 2024-03-12 中电国基南方集团有限公司 一种波导功分器
CN111180846A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-05-19 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 一种一体化宽窄脊波导及其制备工艺
DE102020119495A1 (de) 2020-07-23 2022-01-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Hochfrequenz-Struktur mit substratintegriertem Wellenleiter und Rechteck-Hohlleiter
CN114094299B (zh) * 2021-12-15 2022-10-04 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 一种基于波导-微带转换的功率分配合成网络设计方法
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CN113612000B (zh) * 2021-07-31 2022-06-14 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） 矩形波导工字形隔离网络双微带转换器

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DE102014112467B4 (de) 2017-03-30
CN105390820B (zh) 2021-04-16
EP2991159B1 (fr) 2018-08-08
CN105390820A (zh) 2016-03-09
DE102014112467A1 (de) 2016-03-03
US20160064796A1 (en) 2016-03-03
US9761955B2 (en) 2017-09-12

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