EP2384523B1 - Antenne double bande pour usage à navigation satellite - Google Patents

Antenne double bande pour usage à navigation satellite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2384523B1
EP2384523B1 EP10701376.5A EP10701376A EP2384523B1 EP 2384523 B1 EP2384523 B1 EP 2384523B1 EP 10701376 A EP10701376 A EP 10701376A EP 2384523 B1 EP2384523 B1 EP 2384523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna element
frequency
dual band
conductive paths
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10701376.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2384523A2 (fr
Inventor
Marcos Vinicio Thomas Heckler
Enrique Nova Lavado
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2384523A2 publication Critical patent/EP2384523A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2384523B1 publication Critical patent/EP2384523B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dual-band antenna in microstrip technology, which should find particular use in satellite navigation.
  • Satellite receivers for navigation systems generally need to receive radiation at frequencies in two frequency bands, with the electromagnetic waves to be received being circularly polarized waves.
  • the European satellite system GALILEO operates on two frequency bands, namely the E5a - E5b frequency band (1164 to 1215 GHz) and the L1 frequency band (1559 to 1591 GHz), and requires a high degree of polarization purity. In this case, it is additionally required that the reception of waves which lie outside of these frequency bands is strongly suppressed.
  • the signal received by the antenna element of the microstrip antenna is coupled to a track by a recess in the ground plane. Since the antenna is to receive electromagnetic radiation in two frequency bands, the signals of the different frequency bands are then divided over electronic components such as so-called splitter. This extra hardware requires more space and adds weight, which is something both should avoid.
  • microstrip antenna designs for satellite systems are known in which stacked antenna elements are used to receive electromagnetic radiation in each different frequency bands, which are coupled via recesses in a ground layer (electrically conductive layer) with different interconnects.
  • ground layer electrically conductive layer
  • This multilayer structure includes an upper first antenna element for receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency in a first frequency band and a lower second antenna element (lower patch) disposed below the first antenna element for receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency different from the first frequency band second frequency band. Between the two antenna elements, a single (and thus common) electrically conductive ground layer is arranged. Furthermore, the known multi-layer structure has a conductor track (feed network) with at least one first conductor for the electromagnetic coupling to the first antenna element and at least one second conductor for the electromagnetic coupling with the second antenna element. In this case, the at least one first conductor track is connected to the upper first antenna element by means of an electrical conductor (feed probe) which extends through the lower second antenna element and electrically insulated from it. A plurality of dielectric layers are disposed between the superimposed antenna elements, the ground layer and the wiring layer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a dual-band antenna, in particular for satellite navigation applications, which delivers signals in the two frequency bands due to their design and in particular without additional electrical or electronic components at separate outputs.
  • the invention proposes a dual-band antenna, in particular for satellite navigation applications, with a multi-layer structure having the features of claim 1.
  • the other claims relate to various embodiments of the invention.
  • the dual-band antenna according to the invention is provided with two antenna elements (English: patch), which are designed for receiving or for transmitting electromagnetic waves, each having a frequency in one of two frequency bands. These two antenna elements are superposed and insulated from each other by one or more dielectric layers. Basically, the geometric shape of the two antenna elements any. Preferably, each antenna element has a substantially circular, substantially rectangular or substantially square geometric shape.
  • the two antenna elements are expediently arranged one above the other in such a way that their geometric center of gravity lies on an axis which extends essentially at right angles to the antenna elements. It is also advantageous if the lower second antenna element projects beyond the peripheral edge of the upper first antenna element.
  • first and second electrically conductive ground layers between which a conductor track layer is arranged, which in turn is electrically insulated from both ground layers by dielectric layers.
  • the first upper ground layer which faces the lower second antenna element, is provided with two recesses, below each of which one of two (second) tracks of the conductor track layer is located.
  • line adaptation elements are suitable for reflecting those electromagnetic waves having a frequency in the second frequency band, which are parasitically coupled in via the lower second antenna element.
  • the coupling of the lower second antenna element with the second printed conductors is effected through the recess in the first ground layer and thus as in the conventional so-called aperture-coupled microstrip antenna designs.
  • the recess in the first ground layer but now also couples the upper first antenna element parasitic in the first interconnects. Therefore, in order to suppress these parasitically coupled signals, second line adjusting elements are coupled to the second printed conductors, which serves to match the impedance of the second printed conductors to the lower second antenna element, thereby suppressing couplings into the second printed conductors from the upper first antenna element.
  • any type of line matching element can be coupled to the first and second tracks.
  • the first line matching element which is coupled to the first interconnect, at which ideally only the signals should lie with a frequency in the first frequency band, the coupling of received via the lower second antenna element and coupled into the electrical conductors electromagnetic waves with a frequency suppressed in the second frequency band.
  • the second line adaptation elements which are connected to the second interconnects, at which ideally only the signal should have a frequency in the second frequency band, suppress the coupling of electromagnetic waves received via the upper first antenna element in the first frequency band into the second interconnects.
  • the dual-band antenna according to the invention can be used as a transmitting and / or as a receiving antenna for linearly or circularly polarized waves.
  • the satellite system GALILEO works with clockwise circularly polarized waves.
  • the components for circularly polarized waves have two input terminals, which are connected to the two first printed conductors and two second printed conductors, which are electrically directly connected or electromagnetically coupled to the two antenna elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a dual-band antenna 10 for circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, as can be found, for example, use in the GALILEO satellite system.
  • the dual band antenna 10 has a multilayer structure of electrically conductive layers and dielectric layers disposed therebetween, as shown in FIGS Sectional views of the FIGS. 2 and 3 and in the exploded view according to Fig. 4 is shown in more detail.
  • the dual-band antenna 10 has a first or upper antenna element 12, which in this embodiment is substantially square and receives electromagnetic waves in a first frequency band.
  • the upper antenna element 12 is located on a dielectric layer 14, below which a second lower antenna element 16 is arranged.
  • the lower antenna element 16 has a substantially square shape. Both antenna elements are arranged center-centered one above the other.
  • a dielectric layer 18 which serves to electrically insulate the lower antenna element 16 to a first upper electrically conductive ground layer 20.
  • a dielectric layer 22 below which a conductor track layer 24 is arranged, which is electrically insulated via a further dielectric layer 26 with respect to a further lower ground layer 28.
  • This multi-layer structure basically corresponds to the known dual-band antenna design using microstrip technology.
  • the conductor layer 24 has two conductor pairs, wherein the one pair comprises two first conductor tracks 30, 32 and the other pair comprises two second conductor tracks 34, 36. These interconnects are arranged in a common plane, namely the interconnect layer 24.
  • the first interconnects 30 and 32 are coupled to the upper antenna element 12 while the second interconnects 34, 36 are coupled to the lower antenna element 16.
  • the dual-band antenna 10 as a receiving antenna to the first interconnects 30,32 is the signal received from the upper antenna element 12, while at the second interconnects 34 and 36, the signal received from the lower antenna element 16 is pending .
  • the two channels namely, the first interconnects 30,32 and the second interconnects 34,36
  • the electromagnetic coupling of the lower antenna element 16 with the second tracks 34 and 36 is carried out in a conventional manner by two recesses 40,42 in the upper ground layer 20, wherein the second traces 34,36 below each one of the two recesses 40,42 extend and traverse these, as shown in the figures. This results in an electromagnetic coupling between the lower antenna element 16 and the second interconnects 34 and 36 through the recesses 40 and 42 therethrough.
  • the upper antenna element 12 is now also electromagnetically coupled through the recesses 40 and 42 to the second interconnects 34 and 36.
  • line adjustment elements 44,45 so-called impedance matching stubs
  • the impedance of the second interconnects 34,36 is now adapted to the impedance of the lower antenna element 16 associated with these second interconnects, which ensures that substantially no signals received from the upper antenna element 12 in the second interconnects 34,36 are coupled.
  • the (electromagnetic) coupling of the first interconnects 30,32 with their associated upper antenna element 12 is carried out according to the invention line bound, with the help of two electrical conductors 46,48, starting from the wiring layer 24 in the direction of the succession of different layers of the multilayer structure extend this to the upper antenna element 12.
  • the two conductors 46, 48 are electrically insulated from the upper ground layer 20 and the lower antenna element 16, which both pass through.
  • the lower antenna element 16 is provided with two recesses 50, 52 and the upper mass layer 20 is likewise provided with two further recesses 54, 56. wherein the two recesses 50,54 associated with the conductor 46 and the two recesses 52,56 associated with the conductor 48 are each aligned with one another.
  • first interconnects 30 and 32 are in this embodiment provided with line matching elements 58, 60 in the form of ⁇ / 4 decoupling stubs (where ⁇ is the "guided wave length" of the second frequency band on which the lower antenna element 16 receives), so that from the signals coupled to the lower antenna element 16 are reflected and can not propagate via the first interconnects 30, 32.
  • the two first interconnects 30, 32 have further line adaptation elements 62, 64 for impedance matching (so-called impedance matching stubs).
  • the dual-band antenna design described above and shown in the drawing allows an extremely compact structure and in particular requires no additional electronics for the distribution of the received signals on the two frequency bands.
  • the separation of the channels is extremely good; Simulations have shown that the isolation between both channels is 30 dB.
  • Fig. 1 can now be connected to the two first interconnects 30 and 32 and to the two second interconnects 34 and 36 electrical or electronic components / components 66.68 (so-called 90 ° hybrid), as for the reception (or Send) of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is required.
  • the signals received by the two antenna elements 12, 16 can then be tapped separately from one another and narrowband for further processing in a satellite receiver (or satellite transmitter).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Antenne double bande pour usage à navigation satellite, ayant une conception multicouche qui est pourvue
    - d'un premier élément d'antenne (12) supérieur pour la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence dans une première bande de fréquences,
    - d'un deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur, disposé en-dessous du premier élément d'antenne (12), pour la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence dans une seconde bande de fréquences,
    - deux couches de masse (20, 28), première et deuxième, électriquement conductrices disposées l'une sur l'autre qui, quant à elles, sont disposées en-dessous du deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur, et
    - d'une couche de pistes conductrices (24) disposée entre les couches de masse (20, 28), avec deux premières pistes conductrices (30, 32) pour un couplage électromagnétique avec le premier élément d'antenne (12) et avec deux deuxièmes pistes conductrices (34, 36) pour un couplage électromagnétique avec le deuxième élément d'antenne (16),
    - la première couche de masse (20) tournée vers le deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur comprenant deux échancrures (40, 42) et une deuxième piste conductrice (34, 36) s'étendant en-dessous de chaque échancrure (40, 42),
    - les deux premières pistes conductrices (30, 32) étant raccordées chacune au premier élément d'antenne (12) supérieur par un conducteur électrique respectif (46, 48) qui s'étend à travers la première couche de masse (20) et le deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur et qui est isolé électriquement par rapport à ceux-ci,
    - de deux premiers éléments d'adaptation de ligne (58, 60,62, 64), couplés aux deux premières pistes conductrices (30, 32), pour la suppression d'une injection dans les premières pistes conductrices (30, 32), d'ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence dans la seconde bande de fréquences reçues via le deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur et injectées dans le conducteur électrique (46, 48),
    - de deux deuxièmes éléments d'adaptation de ligne (44, 45), couplés aux deux deuxièmes pistes conductrices (34, 36), pour la suppression d'une injection dans les deuxièmes pistes conductrices (34, 36), d'ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence dans la première bande de fréquences reçues via le premier élément d'antenne (12) supérieur et
    - de plusieurs couches diélectriques (14, 18, 22, 26) qui sont disposées entre les éléments d'antenne (12, 16), les couches de masse (20, 28) et la couche de pistes conductrices (24), disposés les uns au-dessus des autres.
  2. Antenne double bande selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux éléments d'antenne (12, 16) sont rectangulaires.
  3. Antenne double bande selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux éléments d'antenne (12, 16) sont carrés.
  4. Antenne double bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les barycentres géométriques des deux éléments d'antenne (12, 16) sont disposés l'un au-dessus de l'autre, le deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur dépassant du bord du premier élément d'antenne (12) supérieur.
  5. Antenne double bande selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'antenne inférieur (16) dépasse de tous les côtés du bord du premier élément d'antenne (12) supérieur.
  6. Antenne double bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une première composante pour des ondes polarisées de façon circulaire d'une fréquence dans la première bande de fréquences est susceptible d'être raccordée aux deux premières pistes conductrices (30, 32) et qu'une deuxième composante pour des ondes polarisées de façon circulaire d'une fréquence dans la seconde bande de fréquences est susceptible d'être raccordée aux deux deuxièmes pistes conductrices (34, 36).
  7. Antenne double bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque premier élément d'adaptation de ligne ayant la forme d'un élément de découplage λ/4 (« λ/4 decoupling stub ») est configuré pour la réflexion d'ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence dans la seconde bande de fréquences injectées dans le conducteur électrique (46, 48) via le deuxième élément d'antenne (16), λ étant la longueur d'ondes guidée (« guided wave length ») de la seconde bande de fréquences.
  8. Antenne double bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que chaque deuxième élément d'adaptation de ligne est configuré pour une adaptation de l'impédance de la deuxième piste conductrice (34, 36) au deuxième élément d'antenne (16) inférieur aux fins d'une injection des seules ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence dans la seconde bande de fréquences dans la deuxième piste conductrice (34, 36).
  9. Utilisation d'une antenne double bande selon l'une des revendications précédentes comme antenne d'émission ou de réception.
  10. Utilisation selon la revendication 9 comme antenne d'émission ou de réception pour la navigation satellite.
  11. Utilisation selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le système satellite GALILEO est utilisé pour la pour la navigation satellite.
  12. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne double bande est utilisée pour l'émission d'ondes polarisées de façon circulaire.
  13. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne double bande est utilisée pour la réception d'ondes polarisées de façon circulaire.
EP10701376.5A 2009-01-31 2010-01-28 Antenne double bande pour usage à navigation satellite Not-in-force EP2384523B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910006988 DE102009006988A1 (de) 2009-01-31 2009-01-31 Dual-Band-Antenne, insbesondere für Satellitennavigationsanwendungen
PCT/EP2010/051021 WO2010086383A2 (fr) 2009-01-31 2010-01-28 Antenne bi-bande notamment pour des applications de navigation par satellite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2384523A2 EP2384523A2 (fr) 2011-11-09
EP2384523B1 true EP2384523B1 (fr) 2017-03-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10701376.5A Not-in-force EP2384523B1 (fr) 2009-01-31 2010-01-28 Antenne double bande pour usage à navigation satellite

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US8810470B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2384523B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009006988A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010086383A2 (fr)

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US20120194377A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-02 Denso Corporation Antenna apparatus, radar apparatus and on-vehicle radar system
US8957822B2 (en) 2012-09-13 2015-02-17 ImagineCommunications Corp. Operation of an antenna on a second, higher frequency
US9912059B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-03-06 Google Llc Proximity coupled multi-band antenna
US11239569B2 (en) * 2019-03-04 2022-02-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Octave band stacked microstrip patch phased array antenna
CN113422199A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-09-21 深圳瑞森特电子科技有限公司 天线模组的制造方法、天线模组及通信设备
US11843184B1 (en) * 2022-06-15 2023-12-12 General Dynamics Mission Systems, Inc. Dual band, singular form factor, transmit and receive GNSS antenna with passively shaped antenna pattern

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2384523A2 (fr) 2011-11-09
US8810470B2 (en) 2014-08-19
WO2010086383A2 (fr) 2010-08-05
DE102009006988A1 (de) 2010-08-05
WO2010086383A3 (fr) 2011-03-03
US20110291909A1 (en) 2011-12-01

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