Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
  • B41M5/0076—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper on wooden surfaces, leather, linoleum, skin, or flowers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F15/00—Screen printers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
  • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
  • B41J2/01—Ink jet
  • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
  • B41J2/525—Arrangement for multi-colour printing, not covered by group B41J2/21, e.g. applicable to two or more kinds of printing or marking process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
  • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
  • B41M5/0047—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper by ink-jet printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
  • B44C5/043—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing wooden elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for adjusting decorative prints according to claim 1 and an apparatus for carrying out this method according to claim 10.
• Decorated backing materials e.g. Engineered wood panels are typically used as floor coverings or to cover walls and ceilings.
• the wood-based panels used as support materials were usually coated in the past with a decorative paper, the variety of differently patterned decorative papers were no limits or are.
• the printing techniques mainly used here are gravure printing and digital printing.
• the gravure printing process is a printing technique in which the elements to be imaged are in the form of depressions in a printing form which is inked before printing.
• the ink is primarily in the recesses and is due to contact pressure of the printing plate and adhesive forces on the object to be printed such. transfer a carrier material.
• digital printing on the other hand, the print image is transferred directly from a computer to a printing press such as a press. transferred to a laser printer or inkjet printer. This eliminates the use of a static printing form.
• digital printing is becoming more and more important. While digital printing processes were initially used mainly in the graphics industry, such as advertising agencies, advertising manufacturers or printers, it is now becoming apparent that digital printing processes are also more common in other industries. There are many reasons for this, but two major arguments can be identified. Thus, the digital printing allows the production of a printed image with a special high quality through a higher resolution and also allows a broader range of applications with high flexibility.
• CMYK Digital printing today is performed almost exclusively using the CMYK color system.
• the CMYK color model is a subtractive color model, where the abbreviation CMYK stands for the three color components cyan, magenta, yellow and the black component Key as color depth.
• CMYK stands for the three color components cyan, magenta, yellow and the black component Key as color depth.
• a color space (gamut) can be reproduced, which satisfies many requirements from various areas.
• a decorative board manufacturer When redesigning a collection, a decorative board manufacturer must remove a minimum amount of printed decor paper or printed finish film from each decor.
• the minimum amount of paper is usually about one ton, which is about 15,000 m 2 .
• This decor paper must then be impregnated, pressed onto carrier plates and further processed. If exactly this décor does not succeed on the market, residual amounts are created at all stages of the value chain that can no longer be used. The resulting economic damage is significant.
• the color of the decor was set for at least one ton of paper.
• a further increasing trend is the ever smaller lot sizes.
• digital printing technology can also take this trend into account. Due to the high flexibility of digital printing, it is not only possible to print on paper or film webs, but also directly on carrier plates, such as wood fiber boards. With that you can On the way to further finishing to semi-finished or finished products, such as furniture panels, laminate floors or facade panels some value-added levels are skipped, resulting in a further flexibilization and simplification of manufacturing processes.
• a way out here is digital printing. This is currently almost exclusively used, such as indirect gravure, on decorative paper or prepregs, such as e.g. reserved papers, propagated.
• decorative paper or prepregs such as e.g. reserved papers
• water-based inks are used, which still have a certain water solubility even after the printing and the subsequent drying. Since in the subsequent production of the decorative surfaces at least in the decor papers still impregnation with water-soluble resins must be made, followed by a compression in a KurztaktPress, the high resolution is partially degraded or destroyed by the resolution of the colors.
• a primer can be applied directly to a carrier plate. If a primer is applied directly to a support plate, preferably a wood-based panel, the primer on the support plate must not be made too thick, otherwise the later applied protective layers, preferably synthetic resins, the primer can not penetrate and thus after a compression in the Short-cycle press delaminations or bubbles may occur.
• the primer should not be too thin. There is then the danger that the carrier is not completely covered, which has a negative effect on the overall color impression of the decor.
• the technical problem underlying the invention was therefore to offer a method for adapting decorative prints on carrier materials.
• a method for the production of decorative prints of the same quality is provided on substrates whose brightness and or color are subject to fluctuations, with a consistent quality, especially color, the decorative prints is achieved regardless of fluctuations in the brightness and / or the color of the substrates ,
• Color deviations in the print motif of decors printed by means of digital printing occur in the production process, in particular after the change from one batch of the carrier material to a new batch of the carrier material. However, color deviations can also occur between individual or several carrier plates of the same batch of carrier material.
• the color values of the carrier plates of at least a first batch of the carrier material are first measured continuously in the method according to the invention and passed on to a computer program.
• the color values of the carrier plates of at least one further batch of the carrier material are continuously measured and also passed on to the computer program.
• the color values of the carrier plates of the at least one first batch and the at least one further batch of carrier material are processed in the computer program. If color deviations occur between the carrier plates of the at least one first batch and at least one further batch of carrier material, the color values of the digital printing for the decors of at least one further batch and / or the at least one first batch of the carrier material customized. This ensures that no color deviations occur between the printed decors of the at least one first batch of carrier material and each further batch of carrier material.
• the support material used in the present process may be selected from a group comprising paper, glass, metal, foils, wood-based materials, in particular MDF or HDF boards, veneers, lacquer layers, plastic plates and inorganic support plates, such as: Cement, cement fiber and gypsum fiber boards.
• wood-based panels in particular wood fiber panels are used.
• the color values are preferably measured continuously in the method according to the invention.
• At least one primer layer comprising at least one resin and / or at least one varnish which is subsequently dried and / or cured is applied to the side of the wood-based panel to be printed prior to printing.
• the side to be printed of the wood-based panel is sanded before applying the primer.
• an aqueous resin solution and / or a radiation-curable filler may be applied to the side of the substrate to be printed.
• a primer e.g. aqueous resin solutions such as melamine-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin can be used. It is also possible to pre-coat or prime the support material with 1K / 2K acrylate, UV and / or ESH filler and then cure this primer layer accordingly.
• an aqueous resin solution comprising an aqueous resin solution, in particular an aqueous solution of a melamine-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin is used for the precoating or priming of the wood-based panel.
• the amount of liquid resin solution applied to the primer may be between 10 and 80 g / m 2 , preferably 20 and 50 g / m 2 .
• the solids content of the aqueous resin solution is between 30 and 80%, preferably 40 and 60%, particularly preferably 55%.
• the liquid resin may additionally comprise suitable wetting agents, hardeners, release agents and defoamers.
• the liquid resin is brought to a humidity of 10%, preferably 6% e.g. dried in a convection oven or near-infrared oven.
• the wood-based panel can be precoated or primed with 1K / 2K acrylate, and / or ESH filler.
• a UV filler preferably consists essentially of UV-curable coating components, pigments, reactive diluents and radical formers as chain starters.
• the application rate of the filler may in this case be 50 to 150 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 100 g / m 2 .
• the quantities are based on a 100% filler.
• the putty used for the primer is pigmented, whereby the printing result can be varied or improved.
• Particularly preferred according to the invention is the precoating of the wood-based panel with a transparent primer.
• At least one layer of a pigmented primer which is preferably water-based, is applied to the side of the wood-based panel to be printed prior to printing the at least one side of the wood-based panel.
• the pigmented primer can be applied either directly on the untreated surface of the material plate or on the previous, preferably transparent primer.
• the water-based pigmented primer can also be applied in more than one layer (eg 3 to 10 layers, preferably 5 to 8 layers, more preferably 7 layers), the pigmented primer being dried after each coat application, for example in a convection dryer or a near-infrared dryer ,
• the Water-based pigmented primer preferably contains at least one pigment of a light color, more preferably at least one white pigment.
• White pigments are achromatic inorganic pigments with a high refractive index (greater than 1.8), which are mainly used to produce optical whiteness in paints or as a filler in z. As plastics are used.
• White pigments according to the invention may be selected from the group comprising titanium dioxide, lithopone, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide and calcium sulfate.
• Lithopone is a white pigment that contains barium sulfate and zinc sulfide.
• the process of the invention is particularly environmentally friendly, since no compounds containing toxic heavy metals are used as white pigments.
• titanium dioxide is preferably used as a white pigment in the water-based pigmented primer, since titanium dioxide has the highest refractive index and thus the highest hiding power among the known white pigments.
• the color difference ( ⁇ E ) is used to determine color deviations.
• the color difference ( ⁇ E ) indicates the difference between two colors.
• the color difference is the shortest connection between two color loci present in the CIE color space (DIN 5033-2, 1992).
• a color location can be assigned to any color using the standard color chart and a color measurement system. If the color difference is known, a clear statement can be made as to how strongly two colors differ from each other.
• the color difference can be determined by conventional physical methods. But it depends mainly on the perceivability of color differences by humans.
• the method according to the invention is carried out in such a way that only tolerable color deviations occur between the printed decors of the wood-based panels of the at least one first batch and each further batch or the at least one first wood-based panel and each further wooden panel.
• color deviations between the printed decors of the wood-based panels of the at least one first batch and each further batch or the at least one first wood-based panel and each further wood-based panel are tolerable if the color separation ( ⁇ E ) is not considered by humans is perceived differently or is very low.
• the color deviations are in an area that is not perceived by humans.
• the method according to the invention is thus carried out so that no color deviations occur between the printed decors of the wood-based panels of the at least one first batch and each further batch or the at least one first wood-based panel and each further wood-based panel.
• Color deviations can be determined, for example, with the equality method.
• this method by a technical device or visually with the eye, the examination pattern is compared with a series of known standard patterns until the equality is determined securely. It is also possible to offer the selected primary colors proportionately.
• Technical implementations are the color gyro or the Maxwellian view.
• the temporal resolution of the measuring device or of the eye is undershot by a rapid change
• a spatial distribution of the primary colors is brought to an apparently common surface by a defocusing and thus perceived by the eye as a uniform color impression.
• this method uses the equality judgment of the normal-sighted eye.
• the method according to the invention may comprise the continuous measurement of the brightness of the support plate coated with the, preferably water-based, pigmented primer.
• the application quantity of the water-based pigmented primer which preferably contains titanium dioxide as white pigment, can then be adjusted in order to maintain the most uniform possible brightness level of the carrier material.
• the adjustment of the order quantity can either be done automatically by a control unit, such as a control computer or a process computer, or manually.
• the color and brightness measurement can be performed with conventional colorimeters.
• the color and brightness measurement is carried out with an online colorimeter.
• the L * a * b * color space is a color space covering the range of perceptible colors.
• the L * a * b * color space is described by a three-dimensional coordinate system.
• the L * axis describes the brightness (luminance) of the color with values of 0 (Black) to 100 (white).
• the a * axis describes the green or red portion of a color, with negative values for green and positive values for red.
• the b * axis describes the blue or yellow part of a color, with negative values for blue and positive values for yellow.
• the scales of the a * axis and the b * axis include a number range of -150 to +100 and -100 to +150.
• the value for the brightness L * should be at least> 50,> 60 or> 70.
• the values for a * and / or b * are in a range between -100 and +100, -80 and +80, -60 and +60, -40 and +40 or -20 and +20.
• the values for a * and / or b * are in a range between -10 and +10.
• the values for a * and / or b * are in a range between -5 and +5.
• the values for a * and / or b * are close to zero.
• the color measurement is carried out by means of a conventional colorimeter, preferably by means of an online colorimeter.
• the profiling of the color data of the pre-primed carrier plate is carried out by processing the L *, a * and b * values determined during the continuous measurement with a computer program.
• a computer program preferably a so-called RIP software is used.
• RIP (raster imaging process) software is a software for calculating color values.
• the measured color values are converted into the standard color system CYMK for digital printing.
• Adjusting the color values for digital printing means that the proportions of the individual components of the CYMK standard color system are changed.
• the proportions of the individual components of the CYMK standard color system are changed so that, taking into account the determined brightness or the determined color values of the carrier material after the decor pressure no color deviations between the printed decorations of the carrier plates of the at least one first batch and each additional batch occur.
• the method according to the invention optionally comprises the quality control of the colors of the decors after digital printing. During this quality control, it is checked whether color deviations occur in the decor between the carrier plates provided with printed decors of a carrier material. This can be done for example by visual inspection.
• a water-based digital printing ink is preferably used for printing the at least one side of the wood-based panel.
• Digital printing can be accomplished using a digital printer with a water based digital ink, UV or solvent based ink. Preference is given to the use of a water-based digital printing ink.
• the amount of digital printing ink used may be between 5 and 15 g / m 2 , preferably 6 and 8 g / m 2 .
• the present method provides a protective layer on a digitally printed wood-based panel which at the same time acts as a mediator, so-called primer, between layers which are not compatible per se, such as the decorative printing or the decorative layer on the one hand and a subsequent wear protection or other finishing layers on the other hand is arranged.
• the digital printing herein may be either a resin, preferably a water-compatible resin, a radiation-curable, typically non-water-compatible, varnish, e.g. selected from the group of acrylates, modified acrylates and / or epoxides; or polyurethanes which have good adhesion properties are applied directly.
• a resin preferably a water-compatible resin, a radiation-curable, typically non-water-compatible, varnish, e.g. selected from the group of acrylates, modified acrylates and / or epoxides; or polyurethanes which have good adhesion properties are applied directly.
• varnish e.g. selected from the group of acrylates, modified acrylates and / or epoxides
• polyurethanes which have good adhesion properties are applied directly.
• the protective layer to be applied to the decorative layer of the wood-based panel comprises at least one water-compatible resin, preferably a formaldehyde-containing resin, particularly preferably melamine-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin and / or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin.
• the resin can therefore be applied in liquid form or else in solid form, the use of a liquid resin being preferred.
• the protective layer comprising the at least one water-compatible resin is predried until the resin is still flowable and crosslinkable.
• the drying of the water-compatible resin-containing protective layer is typically carried out in a continuous drying oven, as are known from wood-based panel manufacturing. Depending on the amount applied, the process of pre-drying may take 5 to 15 seconds, preferably 5 to 10 seconds.
• the protective layer may be subsequently gelled onto the protective layer using UV radiation (e.g., at 320-400 nm), ESH radiation, and / or NIR radiation.
• UV radiation e.g., at 320-400 nm
• ESH radiation e.g., ESH radiation
• NIR radiation e.g., NIR radiation
• the paint preferably has a degree of polymerization between 20-60%, preferably 30-50%.
• the protective layer to be applied to the printed side of the wood-based panel is applied in an amount between 5 and 50 g / m 2 , preferably 8 and 30 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 10 and 20 g / m 2 .
• At least one protective layer in particular a layer comprising abrasion-resistant particles, natural fibers, synthetic fibers and / or other additives, wherein resins such as melamine-formaldehyde resin, or urea-formaldehyde resin , Acrylate resins and polyurethane resins can be used as suitable binders.
• resins such as melamine-formaldehyde resin, or urea-formaldehyde resin , Acrylate resins and polyurethane resins can be used as suitable binders.
• the abrasion-resistant particles are preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxides, corundum, boron carbides, silicon dioxides, silicon carbides and glass particles.
• natural and / or synthetic fibers in particular fibers are selected from the group containing wood fibers, cellulose fibers, wool fibers, hemp fibers and organic or inorganic polymer fibers are used.
• conductive substances As additives, conductive substances, flame retardants, luminescent substances and metals may be added.
• the conductive substances may be selected from the group comprising carbon black, carbon fibers, metal powder and nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanotubes. It is also possible to use combinations of these substances.
• flame retardants phosphates, borates, in particular ammonium polyphosphate, tris (tri-bromneopentyl) phosphate, zinc borate or boric acid complexes of polyhydric alcohols are preferably used.
• luminescent substances are preferably fluorescent and / or phosphorescent substances on an inorganic or organic basis, in particular zinc sulfide and alkaline earth aluminates.
• Corundum particles are preferably contained in the first resin layer to increase the abrasion resistance. This is particularly important when used as a floor panel to withstand the high loads that a floor panel is exposed to.
• corundum is a mixture of conventional silanized corundums of different grain sizes. The corundum can easily be added to the resin before application.
• cellulose fibers are preferably used. These commercially available fibers can be used, which can also be added to the applied resin layers.
• the glass particles contained in the third resin layer are, for example, commercially available glass microspheres. These can also be easily introduced into the resin layer to be applied.
• the third resin layer preferably contains 20% glass particles.
• the second resin layer about 5% cellulose have been found to be advantageous.
• the first resin layer contains in particular 20% corundum particles.
• one or more resin layers can also be applied to the underside of the wood-based panel.
• the forces acting on the top of the wood-based panel applied resin layers tensile forces are compensated.
• the respectively applied on the top and bottom resin layers are applied in the same amount or applied to the underside of the wood-based panel counter-train corresponds in the layer structure and the respective layer thickness exactly applied to the top layer sequence.
• the resin layers applied to the underside of the wood-based panel may be colored.
• All resin layers can be added with additives such as hardeners, wetting agents and release agents.
• the resin layers on the top and bottom of the wood-based panel may contain a 60% resin solution.
• Drying to a residual moisture of 3% to 6% serves to prevent the crosslinking process of the applied resin layers.
• the printed and possibly provided with one or more protective layer (s) carrier material is further processed or finished in a short-cycle press.
• the resin layers melt again.
• the networking process continues through this.
• the individual resin layers are thus crosslinked not only in themselves but also with each other.
• the applied melamine resin layers can be crosslinked to include the decoration and cured into a laminate.
• Conventional short-cycle presses operate, for example, at a pressure of 30 to 60 kg / cm 2 , one Temperature at the wood material surface of about 165 ° C and a pressing time of 6 to 12 seconds.
• the surface structures in at least one surface preferably at least the top of the support material such as a wood-based panel can be produced using a structured press plate, which can optionally be designed to match the decor (so-called decorsynchronous structure).
• the surface structures are formed largely congruent to the decor.
• embossed-in-register structures In the case of wood decors, the structures may be in the form of pore structures that follow the grain. For tile decors, the structures may be depressions in the area of joint fill lines enclosed by the decor.
• the present device comprises at least one means or device for applying a primer to the carrier material.
• the device according to the invention comprises at least one means or device for applying a pigmented primer, which is preferably water-based, to the carrier material.
• the device comprises at least one means for measuring the brightness of the carrier material coated with the pigmented primer, which is preferably water-based.
• the means for applying the primer and / or the pigmented primer and measuring the brightness of the support material are preferably in front of the at least one means for measuring the color values of the support material, i. of the L * a * b * color values.
• the present device comprises at least one means for applying at least one protective layer to the carrier material provided with the respective printing decor.
• This means or device for applying a Protective layer is preferably arranged after the at least one printing line.
• the device preferably contains a plurality of means for applying a plurality of protective layers to the carrier material provided with the respective printing decor.
• the device comprises two, three or four means for applying two, three or four protective layers to the carrier material provided with the respective printing decor.
• the device of the invention may additionally comprise one or more means for applying one or more resin layers to the underside of the substrate. If the top and bottom of the substrate are to be provided with protective layers, the means for applying the protective layers can be embodied, for example, as double application devices.
• the present device comprises at least one means for measuring the color values of the substrate provided with the printing decor for quality control.
• the present device comprises at least one short-cycle press for pressing the carrier material provided with the printing decor and the protective layer arranged thereon.
• the method described here has the advantage that rapid provision of color-matched products is possible which, despite color variations of the carrier material or in the primer of the carrier material, have no significant color deviations. Even the slightest color variations of the carrier material or in the primer of the carrier material can be determined and corrected directly in the process.
• the method described herein is a self-regulating system in that respect. The method also leads to a cost reduction in the manufacturing process by minimizing the production of defective products or products with undesirable color variations in the digital print produced decoration, the color variations of the substrate or in the primer
• the carrier material is already taken into account in advance of the printing and the digital printing is thus already carried out with adapted and optimized color values.
• the present invention further provides a wood-based panel, preferably a fiberboard, which has been produced by the method according to the invention.
• the plates of charge I and charge II were then coated on the printed side with a first layer of melamine resin containing 20% corundum particles and then dried in a drying oven to a residual moisture content of 4%.
• the three melamine resin layers were cured to a laminate in a short cycle press at a pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 , a temperature at the wood material surface of about 165 ° C and a pressing time of 10 seconds.
• the decals of the Charge I and Charge II plates were compared after each coating step and after compression in the short-cycle press. No significant color deviations were observed after application of the individual melamine resin layers and also after passing through the short-cycle press.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

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• 2013
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  • 2013-10-08 EP EP13187703.7A patent/EP2860037B1/fr active Active
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• 2014
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