EP2959251A1 - Röhrenstrukturen für einen wärmetauscher - Google Patents
Röhrenstrukturen für einen wärmetauscherInfo
- Publication number
- EP2959251A1 EP2959251A1 EP14706746.6A EP14706746A EP2959251A1 EP 2959251 A1 EP2959251 A1 EP 2959251A1 EP 14706746 A EP14706746 A EP 14706746A EP 2959251 A1 EP2959251 A1 EP 2959251A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- inner diameter
- heat exchanger
- equal
- ratio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013386 optimize process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
- F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
Definitions
- the subject matter disclosed herein relates to heat exchangers. More specifically, the subject disclosure relates to improved tube structures for a heat exchanger.
- a simplified typical vapor compression refrigeration cycle includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion device.
- Refrigerant flow is such that low pressure refrigerant vapor passes through a suction line to the compressor.
- the compressed refrigerant vapor is pumped to a discharge line that connects to the condenser.
- a liquid line receives liquid refrigerant exiting the condenser and directs it to the expansion device.
- a two-phase refrigerant is returned to the evaporator, thereby completing the cycle.
- RTPF round tube plate fin
- the tubes were made of copper while the fins were typically made of aluminum in such heat exchangers.
- the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is inversely proportional to the sum of its thermal resistances.
- HVAC&R heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration
- the airside thermal resistance contributes 50-70% while refrigerant side thermal resistance is 20-40% and the metal resistance is relatively small and represents only 6-10%. Due to the continuous market pressure and regulatory requirements to make HVAC&R units more compact and cost effective, a lot of effort has been devoted to improving the heat exchanger performance on the refrigerant side as well as the airside.
- the Al alloys have inherently different mechanical properties and the Al IG tubes typically produced by the extrusion manufacturing process have axial enhancements that are not as advanced as helical configurations promoting wetting the entire internal perimeter of the tube by the liquid refrigerant and more efficient annular refrigerant flow at the extended range of refrigerant mass fluxes. Therefore internal enhancements for Al tubes require higher secondary- to- primary heat transfer surface ratios and more compact internally enhanced finned surfaces that, along with the softer Al material, create significant challenges for the expansion process.
- a heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins and a plurality of tubes passing a fluid therethrough, extending through the plurality of fins and radially expanded into an interference fit therewith.
- At least one tube of the plurality of tubes includes an outer diameter, an inner diameter, and a plurality of ridges extending from the inner diameter inwardly into an interior of the tube.
- a tube internal surface area enhancement ratio multiplied by the ratio of the tube outer diameter and tube wall thickness is equal to or greater than about 30.0.
- a heat exchanger in another embodiment, includes a plurality of fins and a plurality of tubes passing a fluid therethrough, extending through the plurality of fins and radially expanded into an interference fit therewith. At least one tube of the plurality of tubes includes an outer diameter, an inner diameter, and a plurality of ridges extending from the inner diameter inwardly into an interior of the tube. An internal free volume confined between tube internal surface enhancements per unit of length divided by a square of the outer tube diameter is equal to or greater than 0.040.
- At least one tube of the plurality of tubes includes an outer diameter, an inner diameter, and a plurality of ridges extending from the inner diameter inwardly into an interior of the tube.
- a ratio of a top width of each ridge to the inner tube diameter multiplied by a number of ridges in the plurality of ridges is equal to or greater than about 1.60.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger tube.
- FIG. 1 Shown in Figure 1 is an embodiment of a round tube plate fin (RTPF) heat exchanger 10, such as one utilized as an evaporator or condenser.
- the RTPF heat exchanger 10 includes a plurality of tubes 12 and a plurality of fins 14.
- the plurality of tubes 12 carries a fluid, for example, a refrigerant. Thermal energy is exchanged between the fluid and air flowing past the plurality of fins 14.
- the tubes 12 may be formed of an aluminum or aluminum alloy by, for example, an extrusion or drawing process, while in other embodiments, the tubes 12 maybe formed of other materials, for example, copper, Cu- Ni, steel or plastic.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a tube 12 of a heat exchanger 10.
- the tube 12 includes a plurality of enhancements, or ridges 18 extending into an interior 20 of the tube 12.
- the tube 12 has an outer diameter 22 and an inner diameter 24, with the ridges 18 (also called in-tube fins or enhancements) extending inwardly from the inner diameter 24 into the interior 20 of the tube 12.
- the ridges 18 extend along a length 26 of the tube 12. In some embodiments, the ridges 18 extend substantially axially, while in other embodiments, the ridges 18 extend helically along the tube 12 at a helix angle 30 with respect to a tube axis 28.
- each ridge 18 has a base width 32 at a base 38 of the ridge 18, a top width 34 at a tip 40, or most radially inwardly portion of the ridge 18, with a groove width 36 spacing between adjacent ridges 18 at the base of adjacent ridges 18.
- each ridge 18 extends from base 38 to tip 40 defining a ridge height 42, and sides 44 of each ridge 18 may converge at a ridge angle 46, so-called the apex angle of the ridge 18.
- each ridge 18 includes a top fillet 52 between the tip 40 and sides 44.
- the top width 34 is defined herein as a distance along the tip 40 to a theoretical intersection between the tip 40 and the sides 44.
- a base fillet 54 may connect sides 44 and groove 56.
- Base width 32 and groove width 36 are similarly defined using a theoretical intersection point between the sides 44 and the groove 56. It is to be appreciated that while circular tubes having inner and outer diameters are described herein, the present disclosure may also be applied to tubes 12 with non-circular cross-sections.
- tubes 12 and ridges 18 all relate to the post-expanded state of the tube 12, or dimensions and features of the tubes 12 and ridges 18 after the tubes 12 have been expanded, securing the tubes 12 to the fins 14.
- An embodiment of the expanded tube 12 has a internal surface area, or internal surface area per unit length defined as:
- An unenhanced tube 12 has an internal surface area per unit length A. When A is divided by ID, it results in a surface enhancement ratio, ⁇ .
- ⁇ is related to a ratio of tube wall thickness 48 and the outer diameter 22 by the expression:
- the tubes 12 satisfying this requirement in the post-expanded state achieve sufficient tube 12 to fin 14 interference for thermal performance and for securing the tube 12 to the fin 14, while ensuring minimal thermal performance degradation due to distortion of the interior surfaces of the tube 12, such as the groove 36 and ridge 18 structure.
- Liquid layer distribution and containment within the ridged area, or the individual areas between ridges 18, is directly related to the size of this area and has an immediate impact on heat transfer coefficient or thermal resistance of single-phase or two- phase refrigerant flowing inside the tubes 12.
- Free internal volume per unit of length of the tube 12, S, or the portion of the interior 20 confined between the ridges 18 can be expressed as:
- a ratio of S to a square of the outer diameter 22 to be greater than or equal to 4%, or:
- An amount of surface area available for contact with an expansion bullet (not shown) utilized in the interior 20 of the tube 12 is critical in determining an axial force required to be applied to the expansion bullet to achieve the necessary expansion of the tube 12. It is desired to achieve the expansion with the smallest force possible to prevent excessive deformation of ridges 18, buckling and/or galling of interior tube 12 surfaces and features, so it is desired to have wider ridges 18 as compared to the inner diameter 24 so that a lower axial expansion force is required to achieve a desired, uniform radial expansion of the tube 12. As such it is desired that a ratio of the ridge top width 34 to the inner diameter 24 multiplied by the number of ridges 18 is greater than or equal to 1.60 or
- the ridge angle 46 is the key to determining the surface enhancement ratio ⁇ , the free volume S contained between ridges 18 and a weight of the tube 12.
- Surface enhancement ratio ⁇ and free volume S drive thermal performance of the tube 12, while tube weight affects cost of the tube 12.
- the ridge angle 46 must be designed to yield optimal results given these competing constraints, and defines a cross-sectional area of the ridges 18. Desired ratios of ridge 18 size to inner diameter 24 is expressed as follows:
- the outer diameter 22 is about 7mm, with an inner diameter 24 of 5.8 mm, resulting in a wall thickness 48 of about 0.6 mm.
- the tube 12 has 50 ridges 18, each ridge 18 having a ridge height 42 of about 0.32 mm, a base width 32 of about 0.212 mm and a top width 34 of about 0.185 mm.
- the ridge angle 46 is about 4.8 degrees.
- Equation (2) requiring that ⁇ * (OD / T w ) > 30.0, the result is 33.4.
- Equation (4) requiring that S / (OD) is greater than or equal to 0.040, yields the result 0.047.
- Equation (5) requiring that OD / ID ⁇ 1.185, results in a ratio of 1.181.
- Equations (7) and (8) yield results of 0.0016 and 0.046 compared to requirements of greater than or equal to 0.0014 and greater than or equal to 0.045, respectively.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL14706746T PL2959251T3 (pl) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-02-10 | Konstrukcje rur do wymiennika ciepła |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361767506P | 2013-02-21 | 2013-02-21 | |
PCT/US2014/015550 WO2014130281A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-02-10 | Tube structures for heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2959251A1 true EP2959251A1 (de) | 2015-12-30 |
EP2959251B1 EP2959251B1 (de) | 2019-11-13 |
Family
ID=50179946
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14706746.6A Active EP2959251B1 (de) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-02-10 | Röhrenstrukturen für einen wärmetauscher |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150377563A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2959251B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105026869B (de) |
ES (1) | ES2764403T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL2959251T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014130281A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019208619A1 (de) * | 2019-06-13 | 2020-12-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wärmetauscher, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wärmetauschers sowie Kraftwerk mit einem solchen Wärmetauscher |
JP7334262B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-08-28 | Maアルミニウム株式会社 | 伝熱性に優れる内面螺旋溝付管と熱交換器 |
CN110763068A (zh) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-02-07 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | 换热器和空调器 |
US20220128318A1 (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-04-28 | Carrier Corporation | Heat transfer tube for heat pump application |
CN217303714U (zh) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-08-26 | 海德鲁挤压解决方案股份有限公司 | 在热交换器中安装可膨胀管的系统、可膨胀管和膨胀弹头 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MY110330A (en) * | 1991-02-13 | 1998-04-30 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | Heat-transfer small size tube and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2730824B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-09 | 1998-03-25 | 三菱伸銅株式会社 | 内面溝付伝熱管およびその製造方法 |
US6164370A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 2000-12-26 | Olin Corporation | Enhanced heat exchange tube |
US5996686A (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1999-12-07 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Heat transfer tubes and methods of fabrication thereof |
US6883597B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2005-04-26 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Heat transfer tube with grooved inner surface |
JP2003222487A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | プレートフィンチューブ型熱交換器用内面溝付管及びプレートフィンチューブ型熱交換器 |
FR2837270B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-12 | 2004-10-01 | Trefimetaux | Tubes rainures a utilisation reversible pour echangeurs thermiques |
JP4597475B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-12 | 2010-12-15 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 熱交換器用クロスフィンチューブの製造方法及びクロスフィン型熱交換器 |
JP4651366B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-03-16 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 高圧冷媒用内面溝付伝熱管 |
JP4665713B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-25 | 2011-04-06 | 日立電線株式会社 | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
JP4728897B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社コベルコ マテリアル銅管 | リターンベンド管およびフィンアンドチューブ型熱交換器 |
KR20090022841A (ko) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 냉동 장치의 열교환기 및 그 냉매 튜브와 그 제조 방법 |
JP4738401B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-28 | 2011-08-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
EP2278252B1 (de) * | 2008-04-24 | 2013-08-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wärmetauscher und klimaanlage umfassend einen solchen wärmetauscher |
JP2011144989A (ja) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 熱交換器用の伝熱管、熱交換器、冷凍サイクル装置及び空気調和装置 |
CN201706940U (zh) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-01-12 | 广东龙丰精密铜管有限公司 | 一种内螺纹管和应用这种内螺纹管的热交换器及空调 |
US20130098591A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2013-04-25 | Michael F. Taras | Aluminum fin and tube heat exchanger |
-
2014
- 2014-02-10 CN CN201480009651.5A patent/CN105026869B/zh active Active
- 2014-02-10 EP EP14706746.6A patent/EP2959251B1/de active Active
- 2014-02-10 PL PL14706746T patent/PL2959251T3/pl unknown
- 2014-02-10 ES ES14706746T patent/ES2764403T3/es active Active
- 2014-02-10 WO PCT/US2014/015550 patent/WO2014130281A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-02-10 US US14/769,503 patent/US20150377563A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014130281A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105026869B (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
WO2014130281A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
ES2764403T3 (es) | 2020-06-03 |
CN105026869A (zh) | 2015-11-04 |
EP2959251B1 (de) | 2019-11-13 |
US20150377563A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
PL2959251T3 (pl) | 2020-05-18 |
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