EP2957949B1 - Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2957949B1
EP2957949B1 EP13887506.7A EP13887506A EP2957949B1 EP 2957949 B1 EP2957949 B1 EP 2957949B1 EP 13887506 A EP13887506 A EP 13887506A EP 2957949 B1 EP2957949 B1 EP 2957949B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pigment
liquid crystal
group
yellow
crystal composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP13887506.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2957949A4 (fr
EP2957949A1 (fr
Inventor
Takeshi Kuriyama
Jouji KAWAMURA
Seiji Funakura
Isao Oshiumi
Katsunori Shimada
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DIC Corp
Original Assignee
DIC Corp
Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Publication of EP2957949A4 publication Critical patent/EP2957949A4/fr
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    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
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    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
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    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
    • C09K19/44—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked
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    • C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
    • C09K19/56—Aligning agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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    • C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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    • C09K2019/0466—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the linking chain being a -CF2O- chain
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/122—Ph-Ph
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/123—Ph-Ph-Ph
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    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2019/548—Macromolecular compounds stabilizing the alignment; Polymer stabilized alignment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
  • Liquid crystal display devices have been used in clocks, electronic calculators, various home appliances, measuring equipment, panels for automobiles, word processors, electronic personal organizers, printers, computers, televisions, and the like.
  • Common examples of liquid crystal display methods include a TN (twisted nematic) type, a STN (super-twisted nematic) type, a DS (dynamic light scattering) type, a GH (guest-host) type, an IPS (in-plane switching) type, an OCB (optically compensated birefringence) type, an ECB (electrically controlled birefringence) type, a VA (vertical alignment) type, a CSH (color super-homeotropic) type, and a FLC (ferroelectric liquid crystal).
  • TN twisted nematic
  • STN super-twisted nematic
  • DS dynamic light scattering
  • GH guest-host
  • IPS in-plane switching
  • OCB optical compensated birefringence
  • a common liquid crystal display device includes two substrates (1) each including an alignment film (4) disposed thereon; a transparent electrode layer (3a) serving as a common electrode and a color filter layer (2), which are interposed between one of the alignment film and the corresponding substrate; and a pixel electrode layer (3b) interposed between the other alignment film and the corresponding substrate.
  • the two substrates are arranged such that the alignment films face each other, and a liquid crystal layer (5) is held therebetween.
  • the color filter layer includes a color filter constituted by a black matrix, a red-colored layer (R), a green-colored layer (G), a blue-colored layer (B), and, as needed, a yellow-colored layer (Y).
  • a color filter constituted by a black matrix, a red-colored layer (R), a green-colored layer (G), a blue-colored layer (B), and, as needed, a yellow-colored layer (Y).
  • the amount of impurities contained in a liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer is strictly controlled because any impurities remaining in the liquid crystal material would greatly affect the electrical characteristics of the display apparatus. It is known that the material constituting the alignment film also affects the electrical characteristics of the liquid crystal layer because any impurities remaining in the alignment film, which is in direct contact with the liquid crystal layer, would migrate into the liquid crystal layer. Thus, the characteristics of the liquid crystal display device due to impurities contained in a material of the alignment film is currently being studied.
  • a material of the color filter layer such as an organic pigment, is also considered to affect the liquid crystal layer due to impurities contained in the material of the color filter layer.
  • the direct effect of a material of the color filter layer on the liquid crystal layer has been considered to be very small compared with the effect of a material of the alignment film since the alignment film and the transparent electrode are interposed between the color filter layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the thickness of the alignment film is generally 0.1 ⁇ m or less
  • the thickness of the transparent electrode serving as a common electrode disposed on the color-filter-layer side is generally 0.5 ⁇ m or less, even in the case where the thickness of the transparent electrode is increased in order to increase electrical conductivity.
  • the impurities contained in the color filter layer which migrate via an alignment film and a transparent electrode, may reduce the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal layer and increase the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer, which results in faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in.
  • VHR voltage holding ratio
  • ID ion density
  • Patent Literature 1 a method in which elution of impurities into a liquid crystal is controlled by using a pigment such that the proportion of a substance extracted from the pigment with ethyl formate is set to be equal to or less than a specific value
  • Patent Literature 2 a method in which elution of impurities into a liquid crystal is controlled by specifying a pigment contained in a blue colored layer
  • the black matrix can be formed by depositing metal chromium such as chromium (Cr) or chromium oxide (CrOX) or a metal chromium compound by, for example, sputtering, forming an etching resist pattern on the deposited film using a positive photoresist, and etching a portion of the deposited metal chromium film which is exposed through the pattern, followed by removing the etching resist pattern.
  • the black matrix may also be formed by photolithography using a photosensitive coloring resin composition including a black pigment, such as a carbon black, dispersed in the resin composition.
  • Patent Literature 4 There has also been disclosed a technique in which occurrences of color inconsistency and a residual image can be reduced by using a black matrix containing a carbon black or a titanium black having high resistivity.
  • Patent Literature 4 it has been impossible to address the faulty display of liquid crystal display elements, which are becoming more advanced, to a sufficient degree by this technique.
  • US 2009/0162576 A1 discloses a liquid crystal composition which includes both high dielectric anisotropy and low rotational viscosity which can be used for a LCD device having improved response time and capable of being driven at low voltage.
  • JP 2012-068630 A discloses a black film with excellent light blocking properties and with a fixed volume resistivity imparted; a substrate with a black film and an image display device equipped with it; and also a black resin composition and a black material dispersion liquid for forming said black film.
  • EP 0 749 029 A1 discloses a LCD device that may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and thereby addresses issues of faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a specific liquid crystal composition and a color filter including a black matrix containing a specific pigment, which may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and thereby address issues of faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in.
  • VHR voltage holding ratio
  • ID ion density
  • a liquid crystal display device that includes a liquid crystal material having a specific structure and a color filter including a black matrix containing a specific pigment may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and thereby address the issues of faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in.
  • VHR voltage holding ratio
  • ID ion density
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal composition layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter including a black matrix and at least an RGB three-color pixel portion; a pixel electrode; and a common electrode.
  • the liquid crystal composition layer is composed of a liquid crystal composition including one or more compounds represented by General Formula (I) and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (II-a) to (II-f):
  • R 31 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • M 31 to M 33 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, one or two -CH 2 - groups of the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group may be replaced with a -O-group such that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to one another, and one or two hydrogen atoms of the phenylene group may be replaced with a fluorine atom;
  • X 31 and X 32 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom;
  • Z 31 represents a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a trifluoromethyl group;
  • n 31 and n 32 each independently represent 0, 1, or 2, and n 31 +
  • R 19 to R 30 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and X 21 represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom).
  • the black matrix includes, as a coloring material, one or more pigments selected from carbon blacks, titanium blacks, and organic pigments, the one or more pigments having a volume resistivity of 10 6 ⁇ cm or more.
  • the liquid crystal display device includes a specific liquid crystal composition and a color filter including a black matrix containing a specific pigment, which may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and thereby reduce the risk of faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in.
  • VHR voltage holding ratio
  • ID ion density
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an example of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which includes two substrates (1), namely, a first substrate and a second substrate, each including an alignment film (4) disposed thereon; a transparent electrode layer (3a) serving as a common electrode and a color filter layer (2a) including a black matrix containing a specific pigment, which are interposed between one of the alignment films and the corresponding substrate; and a pixel electrode layer (3b) interposed between the other alignment film and the corresponding substrate.
  • the two substrates are arranged such that the alignment films face each other, and a liquid crystal layer (5a) including a specific liquid crystal composition is held therebetween.
  • the two substrates of the display apparatus are bonded together using a sealant and an encapsulant disposed in the periphery of the substrates.
  • a sealant e.g., a sealant for bonding a substrate to a substrate.
  • an encapsulant disposed in the periphery of the substrates.
  • granular spacers or resin spacer pillars formed by photolithography are disposed between the substrates in order to maintain a certain distance between the substrates.
  • the liquid crystal composition layer included in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is composed of a liquid crystal composition including one or more compounds represented by General Formula (I) below and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (II-a) to (II-f) below.
  • R 31 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • M 31 to M 33 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, one or two -CH 2 - groups of the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group may be replaced with a -O-group such that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to one another, and one or two hydrogen atoms of the phenylene group may be replaced with a fluorine atom;
  • X 31 and X 32 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom;
  • Z 31 represents a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a trifluoromethyl group;
  • n 31 and n 32 each independently represent 0, 1, or 2, and n 31 +
  • R 19 to R 30 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and X 21 represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom)
  • R 31 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms when the ring structure to which R 31 is bonded is a phenyl group (i.e., aromatic).
  • R 31 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • R 31 is preferably an alkyl group.
  • R 31 is preferably an alkenyl group.
  • an alkenyl group that does not have an unsaturated bond at the terminal is preferably used.
  • R 31 In the case where primary importance is placed on high solubility at low temperatures, one way to increase solubility at low temperatures is to use an alkoxy group as R 31 . Another way is to use various types of R 31 in combination. For example, compounds including an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms as R 31 are preferably used in combination. Compounds having 3 or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination. Compounds having 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination.
  • M 31 to M 33 are preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 31 is preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 31 is further preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 32 is preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 32 is more preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 32 is further preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 33 is preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 33 is more preferably any one of the following structures.
  • M 33 is further preferably the following structure.
  • At least one of X 31 and X 32 is a fluorine atom. It is further preferable that both X 31 and X 32 are fluorine atoms.
  • Z 31 is preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group.
  • n 31 is 1 or 2
  • n 32 is preferably 0 or 1 and is further preferably 0, and n 31 + n 32 is preferably 1 or 2 and is further preferably 2.
  • the compounds represented by General Formula (I) are compounds represented by General Formulae (I-a) to (I-f) below.
  • R 32 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • X 31 to X 38 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and
  • Z 31 represents a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a trifluoromethyl group
  • R 32 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms when the ring structure to which R 32 is bonded is a phenyl group (i.e., aromatic).
  • R 32 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • R 32 is preferably an alkyl group.
  • R 32 is preferably an alkenyl group.
  • an alkenyl group that does not have an unsaturated bond at the terminal is preferably used.
  • R 32 In the case where primary importance is placed on high solubility at low temperatures, one way to increase solubility at low temperatures is to use an alkoxy group as R 32 . Another way is to use various types of R 32 in combination. For example, compounds including an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms as R 32 are preferably used in combination. Compounds having 3 or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination. Compounds having 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination.
  • At least one of X 31 and X 32 is a fluorine atom. It is further preferable that both X 31 and X 32 are fluorine atoms.
  • Z 31 is preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group.
  • n 31 is 1 or 2
  • n 32 is preferably 0 or 1 and is further preferably 0, and n 31 + n 32 is preferably 1 or 2 and is further preferably 2.
  • X 33 and X 34 are fluorine atoms. It is further preferable that both X 33 and X 34 are fluorine atoms.
  • X 35 and X 36 are fluorine atoms. Both of X 35 and X 36 being fluorine atoms is effective when ⁇ is increased, however, it is not preferable from the viewpoints of Tni, solubility at low temperatures, and the chemical stability of a liquid crystal display element produced using such a liquid crystal composition.
  • At least one of X 37 and X 38 is a hydrogen atom. It is preferable that both X 37 and X 38 are hydrogen atoms. However, it is not preferable that at least one of X 37 and X 38 is a fluorine atom from the viewpoints of Tni, solubility at low temperatures, and the chemical stability of a liquid crystal display element produced using such a liquid crystal composition.
  • the number of the compounds selected from compounds represented by General Formula (I) is preferably 1 to 8 and is particularly preferably 1 to 5.
  • the content of the selected compounds is preferably 3% to 50% by mass and is more preferably 5% to 40% by mass.
  • the substituents R 19 to R 30 are each preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms when the ring structure to which the substituent is bonded is a phenyl group (i.e., aromatic).
  • the substituents R 19 to R 30 are each preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • R 19 to R 30 are preferably an alkyl group.
  • R 19 to R 30 are preferably an alkenyl group.
  • an alkenyl group that does not have an unsaturated bond at the terminal is preferably used. In this case, it is particularly preferable that a methyl group lies at the terminal adjacent to the alkenyl group.
  • alkoxy groups as R 19 to R 30 .
  • Another way is to use various types of R 19 to R 30 in combination.
  • compounds including alkyl groups or alkenyl groups having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms as R 19 to R 30 are preferably used in combination.
  • Compounds having 3 or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination.
  • Compounds having 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination.
  • R 19 and R 20 are an alkyl group or an alkoxy group. It is preferable that at least one of R 19 and R 20 is an alkoxy group. It is more preferable that R 19 is an alkyl group and R 20 is an alkoxy group. It is further preferable that R 19 is an alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms and R 20 is an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
  • R 21 and R 22 are an alkyl group or an alkenyl group and at least one of R 21 and R 22 is an alkenyl group. It is suitable that both R 21 and R 22 are alkenyl groups in order to increase response speed. However, it is not preferable that both R 21 and R 22 are alkenyl groups in the case where importance is placed on good chemical stability of a liquid crystal display element.
  • R 23 and R 24 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
  • at least one of R 23 and R 24 is an alkenyl group.
  • at least one of R 23 and R 24 is an alkoxy group.
  • R 25 and R 26 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • at least one of R 25 and R 26 is an alkenyl group.
  • at least one of R 25 and R 26 is an alkoxy group. It is more preferable that R 25 is an alkenyl group and R 26 is an alkyl group. It is also preferable that R 25 is an alkyl group and R 26 is an alkoxy group.
  • R 27 and R 28 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • at least one of R 27 and R 28 is an alkenyl group.
  • at least one of R 27 and R 28 is an alkoxy group. It is more preferable that R 27 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group and R 28 is an alkyl group. It is also preferable that R 27 is an alkyl group and R 28 is an alkoxy group. It is particularly preferable that R 27 is an alkyl group and R 28 is an alkyl group.
  • X 21 is preferably a fluorine atom.
  • R 29 and R 30 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms. In the case where importance is placed on the balance between response speed and Tni, it is preferable that at least one of R 29 and R 30 is an alkenyl group. In the case where importance is placed on reliability, it is preferable that at least one of R 29 and R 30 is an alkyl group. It is more preferable that R 29 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group and R 30 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group. It is also preferable that R 29 is an alkyl group and R 30 is an alkenyl group. It is also preferable that R 29 is an alkyl group and R 30 is an alkyl group.
  • the number of the compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (II-a) to (II-f) is preferably 1 to 10 and is particularly preferably 1 to 8.
  • the content of the selected compounds is preferably 5% to 80% by mass, is more preferably 10% to 70% by mass, and is particularly preferably 20% to 60% by mass.
  • the liquid crystal composition layer included in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention may further include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (III-a) to (III-f) below.
  • R 41 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • X 41 to X 48 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and
  • Z 41 represents a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a trifluoromethyl group
  • R 41 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms when the ring structure to which R 41 is bonded is a phenyl group (i.e., aromatic).
  • R 41 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 (or more) carbon atoms, or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • R 41 is preferably an alkyl group.
  • R 41 is preferably an alkenyl group.
  • an alkenyl group that does not have an unsaturated bond at the terminal is preferably used.
  • R 41 In the case where primary importance is placed on high solubility at low temperatures, one way to increase solubility at low temperatures is to use an alkoxy group as R 41 . Another way is to use various types of R 41 in combination. For example, compounds including an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms as R 41 are preferably used in combination. Compounds having 3 or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination. Compounds having 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms are preferably used in combination.
  • X 41 and X 42 are fluorine atoms. It is further preferable that both X 41 and X 42 are fluorine atoms.
  • Z 41 is preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group.
  • At least one of X 43 and X 44 is a fluorine atom. If both X 43 and X 44 are fluorine atoms, ⁇ is increased but solubility at low temperatures may fail to be enhanced.
  • X 45 and X 46 are a hydrogen atom and both X 45 and X 46 are hydrogen atoms. It is not preferable to use a large amount of fluorine atoms from the viewpoints of Tni, solubility at low temperatures, and the chemical stability of a liquid crystal display element produced using such a liquid crystal composition.
  • At least one of X 47 and X 48 is a hydrogen atom and both X 47 and X 48 are hydrogen atoms. It is not preferable that at least one of X 47 and X 48 is a fluorine atom from the viewpoints of Tni, solubility at low temperatures, and the chemical stability of a liquid crystal display element produced using such a liquid crystal composition.
  • the number of the compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (III-a) to (III-f) is preferably 1 to 10 and is more preferably 1 to 8.
  • the content of the selected compounds is preferably 5% to 50% by mass and is more preferably 10% to 40% by mass.
  • the liquid crystal composition constituting the liquid crystal composition layer included in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention preferably has a ⁇ of +1.5 or more at 25°C.
  • the ⁇ of the liquid crystal composition is preferably +1.5 to +4.0 and is more preferably +1.5 to +3.0.
  • the ⁇ of the liquid crystal composition is preferably +8.0 to +18.0 and is more preferably +10.0 to +15.0.
  • the ⁇ n of the liquid crystal composition at 25°C is preferably 0.08 to 0.14 and is more preferably 0.09 to 0.13.
  • the ⁇ n of the liquid crystal composition at 25°C is preferably 0.10 to 0.13 when the cell gap is small and is preferably 0.08 to 0.10 when the cell gap is large.
  • the ⁇ of the liquid crystal composition at 20°C is preferably 5 to 45 mPa ⁇ s, is more preferably 5 to 25 mPa ⁇ s, and is particularly preferably 10 to 20 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the T ni of the liquid crystal composition is preferably 60°C to 120°C, is more preferably 70°C to 100°C, and is particularly preferably 70°C to 85°C.
  • the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may further include, in addition to the above-described compounds, ordinary nematic liquid crystals, smectic liquid crystals, and cholesteric liquid crystals.
  • the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may include one or more polymerizable compounds in order to produce PS-mode, horizontal-electric-field-type PSA-mode, horizontal-electric-field-type PSVA-mode liquid crystal display elements or the like.
  • the polymerizable compounds include photopolymerizable monomers that undergo polymerization when irradiated with energy beams such as light.
  • Specific examples of such photopolymerizable monomers include polymerizable compounds having a liquid crystal skeleton constituted by a plurality of six-membered rings connected to one another, such as a biphenyl derivative and a terphenyl derivative. More specifically, the difunctional monomer represented by General Formula (V) is preferably used.
  • X 51 and X 52 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • Sp 1 and Sp 2 each independently represent a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or -O-(CH 2 ) s - (where s is an integer of 2 to 7 and the oxygen atom is bonded to an aromatic ring)
  • M 51 represents a 1,4-phenylene group, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a single bond; and, in all the 1,4-phenylene groups in General Formula (V), any hydrogen atom may be replaced with a fluorine atom)
  • a diacrylate derivative represented by General Formula (V) in which both X 51 and X 52 represent a hydrogen atom and a dimethacrylate derivative represented by General Formula (V) in which both X 51 and X 52 represent a methyl group are preferably used.
  • a compound represented by General Formula (V) in which one of X 51 and X 52 represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents a methyl group is also preferably used.
  • the diacrylate derivative has the highest polymerization rate
  • the dimethacrylate derivative has the lowest polymerization rate
  • the asymmetrical compound has the intermediate polymerization rate.
  • a polymerizable compound suitable for a desired application may be selected.
  • the dimethacrylate derivative is particularly preferably used.
  • Sp 1 and Sp 2 each independently represent a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a -O-(CH 2 ) s -group.
  • an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably used, and s is preferably 1 to 4.
  • Z 51 is preferably -OCH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CF 2 O-,-OCF 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 -, or a single bond, is more preferably -COO-, -OCO-, or a single bond, and is particularly preferably a single bond.
  • M 51 represents a 1,4-phenylene group in which any hydrogen atom may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a single bond and is preferably the 1,4-phenylene group or a single bond.
  • Z 51 is a linking group other than a single bond.
  • Z 51 is preferably a single bond.
  • the ring structure between Sp 1 and Sp 2 in General Formula (V) is preferably any one of the following structures.
  • the ring structure between Sp 1 and Sp 2 is preferably represented by any one of Formulae (Va-1) to (Va-5) below, is more preferably represented by any one of Formulae (Va-1) to (Va-3) below, and is particularly preferably represented by Formulae (Va-1).
  • a polymerizable compound having any one of these skeletons optimizes, after being polymerized, an anchoring force for a PSA liquid crystal display element, which improves an alignment state. Therefore, such a polymerizable compound reduces or eliminates the risk of display unevenness.
  • the polymerizable compound is particularly preferably any one of the compounds represented by General Formulae (V-1) to (V-4) and is most preferably the compound represented by General Formula (V-2).
  • Sp 2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms
  • a polymerization initiator may be used in order to promote polymerization.
  • the polymerization initiator include benzoin ethers, benzophenones, acetophenones, benzil ketals, and acylphosphine oxides.
  • the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention containing the polymerizable compound is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, polymerization of the polymerizable compound occurs, which imparts a liquid crystal alignment capability.
  • the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is used for producing a liquid crystal display element, in which the amount of light transmitted is controlled using the birefringence of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention can be used for producing liquid crystal display elements such as an AM-LCD (active matrix liquid crystal display element), a TN (nematic liquid crystal display element), a STN-LCD (super-twisted nematic liquid crystal display element), an OCB-LCD, and an IPS-LCD (in-plane switching liquid crystal display element), is particularly suitable for producing an AM-LCD, and can also be used for producing transmission-type or reflection-type liquid crystal display elements.
  • AM-LCD active matrix liquid crystal display element
  • TN nematic liquid crystal display element
  • STN-LCD super-twisted nematic liquid crystal display element
  • OCB-LCD OCB-LCD
  • IPS-LCD in-plane switching liquid crystal display element
  • the color filter according to the present invention includes a black matrix and at least an RGB three-color pixel portion.
  • the black matrix includes, as a coloring material, one or more pigments selected from carbon blacks, titanium blacks, and organic pigments.
  • Examples of the carbon blacks include C.I. Pigment Black 6, C.I. Pigment Black 7, C.I. Pigment Black 8, and C.I. Pigment Black 10.
  • C.I. Pigment Black 7 is preferably used.
  • the resin-coated carbon black disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-249678 may also be used.
  • titanium blacks examples include C.I. Pigment Black 35, the fluororesin disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-302836 , and a water-repellent titanium black treated with a water-repellent substance such as a silicone resin.
  • organic pigments examples include, as yellow organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Yellow 1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 1:1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 2, C.I. Pigment Yellow 3, C.I. Pigment Yellow 4, C.I. Pigment Yellow 5, C.I. Pigment Yellow 6, C.I. Pigment Yellow 9, C.I. Pigment Yellow 10, C.I. Pigment Yellow 12, C.I. Pigment Yellow 13, C.I. Pigment Yellow 14, C.I. Pigment Yellow 16, C.I. Pigment Yellow 17, C.I. Pigment Yellow 24, C.I. Pigment Yellow 31, C.I. Pigment Yellow 32, C.I. Pigment Yellow 34, C.I. Pigment Yellow 35, C.I. Pigment Yellow 35:1, C.I.
  • Pigment Yellow 36 C.I. Pigment Yellow 36:1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 37, C.I. Pigment Yellow 37:1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 40, C.I. Pigment Yellow 41, C.I. Pigment Yellow 42, C.I. Pigment Yellow 43, C.I. Pigment Yellow 48, C.I. Pigment Yellow 53, C.I. Pigment Yellow 55, C.I. Pigment Yellow 61, C.I. Pigment Yellow 62, C.I. Pigment Yellow 62:1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 63, C.I. Pigment Yellow 65, C.I. Pigment Yellow 73, C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. Pigment Yellow 75, C.I. Pigment Yellow 81, C.I.
  • Pigment Yellow 83 C.I. Pigment Yellow 87, C.I. Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. Pigment Yellow 94, C.I. Pigment Yellow 95, C.I. Pigment Yellow 97, C.I. Pigment Yellow 100, C.I. Pigment Yellow 101, C.I. Pigment Yellow 104, C.I. Pigment Yellow 105, C.I. Pigment Yellow 108, C.I. Pigment Yellow 109, C.I. Pigment Yellow 110, C.I. Pigment Yellow 111, C.I. Pigment Yellow 116, C.I. Pigment Yellow 117, C.I. Pigment Yellow 119, C.I. Pigment Yellow 120, C.I. Pigment Yellow 126, C.I.
  • Pigment Yellow 159 C.I. Pigment Yellow 160, C.I. Pigment Yellow 161, C.I. Pigment Yellow 162, C.I. Pigment Yellow 163, C.I. Pigment Yellow 164, C.I. Pigment Yellow 165, C.I. Pigment Yellow 166, C.I. Pigment Yellow 167, C.I. Pigment Yellow 168, C.I. Pigment Yellow 169, C.I. Pigment Yellow 170, C.I. Pigment Yellow 172, C.I. Pigment Yellow 173, C.I. Pigment Yellow 174, C.I. Pigment Yellow 175, C.I. Pigment Yellow 176, C.I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. Pigment Yellow 181, C.I. Pigment Yellow 182, C.I.
  • organic pigments examples include, as orange organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Orange 1, C.I. Pigment Orange 2, C.I. Pigment Orange 3, C.I. Pigment Orange 4, C.I. Pigment Orange 5, C.I. Pigment Orange 13, C.I. Pigment Orange 15, C.I. Pigment Orange 16, C.I. Pigment Orange 17, C.I. Pigment Orange 19, C.I. Pigment Orange 20, C.I. Pigment Orange 21, C.I. Pigment Orange 24, C.I. Pigment Orange 31, C.I. Pigment Orange 34, C.I. Pigment Orange 36, C.I. Pigment Orange 38, C.I. Pigment Orange 40, C.I. Pigment Orange 43, C.I. Pigment Orange 46, C.I.
  • Pigment Orange 48 C.I. Pigment Orange 49, C.I. Pigment Orange 51, C.I. Pigment Orange 60, C.I. Pigment Orange 61, C.I. Pigment Orange 64, C.I. Pigment Orange 65, C.I. Pigment Orange 66, C.I. Pigment Orange 67, C.I. Pigment Orange 68, C.I. Pigment Orange 69, C.I. Pigment Orange 271, C.I. Pigment Orange 72, C.I. Pigment Orange 73, and C.I. Pigment Orange 81.
  • organic pigments examples include, as red organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Red 1, C.I. Pigment Red 2, C.I. Pigment Red 3, C.I. Pigment Red 4, C.I. Pigment Red 5, C.I. Pigment Red 6, C.I. Pigment Red 7, C.I. Pigment Red 8, C.I. Pigment Red 9, C.I. Pigment Red 12, C.I. Pigment Red 14, C.I. Pigment Red 15, C.I. Pigment Red 16, C.I. Pigment Red 17, C.I. Pigment Red 21, C.I. Pigment Red 22, C.I. Pigment Red 23, C.I. Pigment Red 31, C.I. Pigment Red 32, C.I. Pigment Red 37, C.I. Pigment Red 38, C.I.
  • Pigment Red 101 C.I. Pigment Red 101:1, C.I. Pigment Red 104, C.I. Pigment Red 108, C.I. Pigment Red 108:1, C.I. Pigment Red 109, C.I. Pigment Red 112, C.I. Pigment Red 113, C.I. Pigment Red 114, C.I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. Pigment Red 123, C.I. Pigment Red 144, C.I. Pigment Red 146, C.I. Pigment Red 147, C.I. Pigment Red 149, C.I. Pigment Red 151, C.I. Pigment Red 166, C.I. Pigment Red 168, C.I. Pigment Red 169, C.I.
  • Pigment Red 206 C.I. Pigment Red 207, C.I. Pigment Red 208, C.I. Pigment Red 209, C.I. Pigment Red 210, C.I. Pigment Red 214, C.I. Pigment Red 216, C.I. Pigment Red 220, C.I. Pigment Red 221, C.I. Pigment Red 224, C.I. Pigment Red 230, C.I. Pigment Red 231, C.I. Pigment Red 232, C.I. Pigment Red 233, C.I. Pigment Red 235, C.I. Pigment Red 236, C.I. Pigment Red 237, C.I. Pigment Red 238, C.I. Pigment Red 239, C.I.
  • organic pigments include, as purple organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Violet 1, C.I. Pigment Violet 2, C.I. Pigment Violet 3, C.I. Pigment Violet 5:1, C.I. Pigment Violet 13, C.I. Pigment Violet 15, C.I. Pigment Violet 16, C.I. Pigment Violet 17, C.I. Pigment Violet 19, C.I. Pigment Violet 23, C.I. Pigment Violet 25, C.I. Pigment Violet 29, C.I. Pigment Violet 31, C.I. Pigment Violet 32, C.I. Pigment Violet 34, C.I. Pigment Violet 35, C.I. Pigment Violet 36, C.I. Pigment Violet 37, C.I. Pigment Violet 38, C.I. Pigment Violet 41, C.I. Pigment Violet 44, and C.I. Pigment Violet 50.
  • C.I. Pigment Violet 1 C.I. Pigment Violet 2
  • C.I. Pigment Violet 3 C.I. Pigment Violet 5:1, C.I. Pigment Violet 13, C.I. Pigment Violet 15, C
  • organic pigments examples include, as blue organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Blue 1, C.I. Pigment Blue 1:2, C.I. Pigment Blue 9, C.I. Pigment Blue 14, C.I. Pigment Blue 15, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:1, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:2, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:4, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, C.I. Pigment Blue 16, C.I. Pigment Blue 17, C.I. Pigment Blue 19, C.I. Pigment Blue 25, C.I. Pigment Blue 27, C.I. Pigment Blue 28, C.I. Pigment Blue 29, C.I. Pigment Blue 33, C.I. Pigment Blue 35, C.I. Pigment Blue 36, C.I.
  • Pigment Blue 56 C.I. Pigment Blue 56:1, C.I. Pigment Blue 60, C.I. Pigment Blue 61, C.I. Pigment Blue 61:1, C.I. Pigment Blue 62, C.I. Pigment Blue 63, C.I. Pigment Blue 66, C.I. Pigment Blue 67, C.I. Pigment Blue 68, C.I. Pigment Blue 71, C.I. Pigment Blue 72, C.I. Pigment Blue 73, C.I. Pigment Blue 74, C.I. Pigment Blue 75, C.I. Pigment Blue 76, C.I. Pigment Blue 78, and C.I. Pigment Blue 79.
  • organic pigments examples include, as green organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Green 1, C.I. Pigment Green 4, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Green 8, C.I. Pigment Green 10, C.I. Pigment Green 15, C.I. Pigment Green 17, C.I. Pigment Green 26, C.I. Pigment Green 36, C.I. Pigment Green 48, C.I. Pigment Green 50, and C.I. Pigment Green 58.
  • green organic pigments examples include, as green organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Green 1, C.I. Pigment Green 4, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Green 8, C.I. Pigment Green 10, C.I. Pigment Green 15, C.I. Pigment Green 17, C.I. Pigment Green 26, C.I. Pigment Green 36, C.I. Pigment Green 48, C.I. Pigment Green 50, and C.I. Pigment Green 58.
  • organic pigments examples include, as brown organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Brown 5, C.I. Pigment Brown 6, C.I. Pigment Brown 23, C.I. Pigment Brown 24, C.I. Pigment Brown 25, C.I. Pigment Brown 32, C.I. Pigment Brown 38, C.I. Pigment Brown 41, and C.I. Pigment Brown 42.
  • organic pigments examples include, as black organic pigments, C.I. Pigment Black 1, C.I. Pigment Black 9, C.I. Pigment Black 11, C.I. Pigment Black 20, C.I. Pigment Black 31, C.I. Pigment Black 32, and C.I. Pigment Black 34.
  • the above-described organic pigments may be used alone or in mixture of two or more.
  • the number of the organic pigments used is preferably 1 to 6 and is preferably 1 to 4.
  • the organic pigment that can be used alone are black organic pigments.
  • C.I. Pigment Black 31, C.I. Pigment Black 32, and C.I. Pigment Black 34 are preferably used.
  • the organic pigments that can be used in mixture of two or more are preferably a mixture of a blue organic pigment, a purple organic pigment, a green organic pigment, and a red organic pigment and a mixture of a blue organic pigment, a red organic pigment, and a yellow organic pigment.
  • Pigment Green 7, and C.I. Pigment Red 179 a mixture of C.I. Pigment Blue 60, C.I. Pigment Violet 19, and C.I. Pigment Green 7, a mixture of C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, C.I. Pigment Red 254, and C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, a mixture of C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, C.I. Pigment Red 177, and C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, a mixture of C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, C.I. Pigment Red 254, and C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, and a mixture of C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, C.I. Pigment Red 177, and C.I. Pigment Yellow 138 are preferably used.
  • the black matrix according to the present invention includes, as a coloring material, one or more pigments selected from carbon blacks, titanium blacks, and organic pigments.
  • the number of the selected pigments is preferably 1 to 6, is preferably 1 to 5, and is preferably 1 to 4.
  • the pigments may be selected from carbon blacks only, from titanium blacks only, or from organic pigments only.
  • a carbon black and a titanium black; a carbon black and an organic pigment; a titanium black and an organic pigment; or a carbon black, a titanium black, and an organic pigment may be used in mixture.
  • the pigments are preferably selected from carbon blacks only, from titanium blacks only, from organic pigments only, or from carbon blacks and organic pigments.
  • C.I. Pigment Black 7, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:4, and C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6 are preferably used.
  • the above-described carbon blacks, titanium blacks, and organic pigments preferably have a volume resistivity of 10 5 ⁇ cm or more and those used in the present invention have a volume resistivity of 10 6 ⁇ cm or more.
  • the RGB three-color pixel portion is constituted by an R pixel portion including, as coloring materials, a diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment and/or an anionic red organic dye; a G pixel portion including, as a coloring material, at least one pigment or dye selected from the group consisting of halogenated metal phthalocynian pigments, phthalocyanine green dyes, and a mixture of a phthalocyanine blue dye and an azo yellow organic dye; and a B pixel portion including, as coloring materials, an ⁇ -type copper phthalocynian pigment, a triarylmethane pigment and/or a cationic blue organic dye.
  • the R pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably includes, as a coloring material, C.I. Solvent Red 124.
  • the G pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably includes, as a coloring material, a mixture of C.I. Solvent Blue 67 and C.I. Solvent Yellow 162.
  • the B pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably includes, as a coloring material, C.I. Solvent Blue 7.
  • the R pixel portion includes, as a coloring material, C.I. Pigment Red 254, the G pixel portion includes, as coloring materials, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Green 36, and/or C.I. Pigment Green 58, and the B pixel portion includes, as coloring materials, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6 and/or a triarylmethane pigment.
  • the R pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably further includes, as a coloring material, at least one organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. Pigment Red 242, C.I. Pigment Red 166, C.I. Pigment Red 167, C.I. Pigment Red 179, C.I. Pigment Orange 38, C.I. Pigment Orange 71, C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. Solvent Red 89, C.I. Solvent Orange 56, C.I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. Solvent Yellow 83:1, C.I. Solvent Yellow 33, and C.I. Solvent Yellow 162.
  • organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. Pigment Red 242,
  • the G pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably further includes, as a coloring material, at least one organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. Solvent Yellow 83:1, and C.I. Solvent Yellow 33.
  • the B pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably further includes, as a coloring material, at least one organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Blue 1, C.I. Pigment Violet 23, C.I. Basic Blue 7, C.I. Basic Violet 10, C.I. Acid Blue 1, C.I. Acid Blue 90, C.I. Acid Blue 83, and C.I. Direct Blue 86.
  • organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Blue 1, C.I. Pigment Violet 23, C.I. Basic Blue 7, C.I. Basic Violet 10, C.I. Acid Blue 1, C.I. Acid Blue 90, C.I. Acid Blue 83, and C.I. Direct Blue 86.
  • the color filter includes the black matrix, the RGB three-color pixel portion, and a Y pixel portion and the Y pixel portion includes, as a coloring material, at least one yellow organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. Solvent Yellow 83:1, C.I. Solvent Yellow 33, and C.I. Solvent Yellow 162.
  • the diketopyrrolopyrrole red pigment included in the R pixel portion is preferably one or more pigments selected from C.I. Pigment Red 254, C.I. Pigment Red 255, C.I. Pigment Red 264, and C.I. Pigment Red 272, C.I. Pigment Orange 71, and C.I. Pigment Orange 73, is more preferably one or more pigments selected from C.I. Pigment Red 254, C.I. Pigment Red 255, C.I. Pigment Red 264, and C.I. Pigment Red 272, and is particularly preferably C.I. Pigment Red 254.
  • the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment included in the G pixel portion preferably includes a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, In, Sn, and Pb as a central metal.
  • a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, In, Sn, and Pb as a central metal.
  • the central metal of the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment is trivalent, one atom or group selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic group is preferably bonded to the central metal or the central metal is preferably oxo-cross-linked or thio-cross-linked.
  • the central metal of the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment is a tetravalent metal
  • one oxygen atom or two identical or different atoms or groups selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic group are preferably bonded to the central metal.
  • a halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment include halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments belonging to the following two groups.
  • Halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments including a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, In, Sn, and Pb as a central metal, wherein 8 to 16 halogen atoms per phthalocyanine molecule are bonded to the benzene rings of the phthalocyanine molecule and wherein, when the central metal is trivalent, one atom or group selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic group (-SO 3 H) is bonded to the central metal or, when the central metal is a tetravalent metal, one oxygen atom or two identical or different atoms or groups selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic group are bonded to the central metal.
  • a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, M
  • the halogen atoms bonded to the benzene rings may be all identical or different. Different halogen atoms may be bonded to one benzene ring.
  • a halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment appears yellowish-light green and is most suitably used for green pixel portions of the color filter.
  • the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment is insoluble or hardly soluble in water and organic solvents.
  • the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment may be a halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment that has not yet been subjected to the finishing treatment described below (also referred to as "crude pigment”) or may be a halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment that has been subjected to the finishing treatment.
  • halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments belonging to Group 1 or 2 above can be represented by General Formula (PIG-1) below:
  • halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments belonging to Group 1 are as follows.
  • X 1i to X 16i represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.
  • the four atoms X bonded to one benzene ring may be identical or different.
  • 8 to 16 X's are chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, or iodine atoms.
  • M represents a central metal.
  • halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments having the same Y described below and the same m, which is the number of Y's
  • the greater the total number of chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms the higher the degree of yellow.
  • Y bonded to the central metal M is a monovalent atomic group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom that is any one of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; an oxygen atom; a hydroxyl group; and a sulfonic group, and m represents the number of Y's bonded to the central metal M and is an integer of 0 to 2.
  • m The value of m is determined on the basis of the valence of the central metal M.
  • one atom or group selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic group is bonded to the central metal.
  • one oxygen atom is bonded to the central metal, or two groups selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic group are bonded to the central metal.
  • the central metal M is divalent as is the case for Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Zr, Sn, and Pb, Y is absent.
  • halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments belonging to Group 2 are as follows.
  • X 1i to X 16i are the same as defined above, the central metal M represents a trivalent metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Ga, Y, and In, and m is 1.
  • Y represents the following atomic group:
  • the central metal M is the same as defined above, and X 17i to X 32i are the same as the above-described definition of X 1i to X 16i in General Formula (PIG-1).
  • A represents a divalent atomic group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, sulfinyl (-SO-), and sulfonyl (-SO 2 -).
  • M of General Formula (PIG-1) and M of the atomic group Y are bonded to each other via the divalent atomic group A.
  • the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments belonging to Group 2 are halogenated metal phthalocyanine dimers having a structural unit constituted by two halogenated metal phthalocyanine molecules bonded to each other via the divalent atomic group.
  • halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigments represented by General Formula (PIG-1) include (1) to (4) described below.
  • the halogenated metal phthalocyanine pigment included in the G pixel portion is preferably one or more pigments selected from C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Green 36, and C.I. Pigment Green 58 and is more preferably one or two pigments selected from C.I. Pigment Green 36 and C.I. Pigment Green 58.
  • the ⁇ -type phthalocynian pigment included in the B pixel portion is preferably C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6.
  • the triarylmethane pigment included in the B pixel portion is preferably C.I. Pigment Blue 1 and/or a triarylmethane pigment represented by General Formula (1) below:
  • R 11j to R 16j each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted, or an aryl group which may be substituted; when R 11j to R 16j represent the alkyl group which may be substituted, adjacent R 11j and R 12j , adjacent R 13j and R 14j , and adjacent R 15 j and R 16j may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure;
  • X 11j and X 12j each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted;
  • Z - is at least one anion selected
  • R 11j to R 16j may be identical or different.
  • the -NRR (RR represents any one combination of R 11j R 12j , R 13j R 14j , and R 15j R 16j ) group may be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
  • the ring may be formed by cross-linking of hetero atoms.
  • Specific examples of such a ring include the following rings, which may be substituted:
  • R 11j to R 16j are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted, or an aryl group which may be substituted from the viewpoint of chemical stability.
  • R 11j to R 16j are more preferably each independently a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, or a 2-ethylhexyl group; or an aryl group such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.
  • an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobut
  • R 11j to R 16j represent an alkyl group or an aryl group
  • the alkyl group or the aryl group may further include an optional substituent.
  • the optional substituent that can be included in the alkyl group or the aryl group include the following [Substituent Group Y].
  • Alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, and a 2-ethylhexyl group; aryl groups such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group; halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom; a cyano group; a hydroxyl group; alkoxy groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group; amino groups which
  • R 11j to R 16j are further preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted, that is, more specifically, any one of the following alkyl groups: alkyl groups which is not substituted, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and a 2-ethylhexyl group; alkoxyalkyl groups such as a 2-methoxyethyl group and a 2-ethoxyethyl group; acyloxy groups such as a 2-acetyloxyethyl group; cyanoalkyl groups such as a 2-cyanoethyl group; and fluoroalkyl groups such as a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and a 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl
  • X 11j and X 12j may further include an optional substituent.
  • the optional substituent include halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; and alkoxy groups such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.
  • X 11j and X 12j include haloalkyl groups such as a fluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trichloromethyl group, and a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group; and alkoxyalkyl groups such as a methoxymethyl group.
  • X 11j and X 12j are preferably a substituent that causes an appropriate degree of steric hindrance which does not affect torsion to occur, such as a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom, or a trifluoromethyl group.
  • X 11j and X 12j are most preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a chlorine atom from the viewpoints of color tone and heat resistance.
  • Z - is at least one anionic triarylmethane compound selected from a heteropolyoxometalate anion represented by (P 2 Mo y W 18-y O 62 ) 6- /6 where y is an integer of 0, 1, 2, or 3; a heteropolyoxometalate anion represented by (SiMoW 11 O 40 ) 4- /4; and a lacunary Dawson-type phosphotungstic acid heteropolyoxometalate anion.
  • the lacunary Dawson-type phosphotungstic acid is preferably a 1-lacunary Dawson-type phosphotungstic acid heteropolyoxometalate anion (P 2 W 17 O 61 ) 10- /10 from the viewpoint of durability.
  • triarylmethane pigment represented by General Formula (1) include the compounds shown in Tables 1 to 7 below. However, the present invention is not limited to these compounds as long as the idea of the present invention is not impaired.
  • Table 1 No. R 11j R 12j R 13j R 14j R 15j R 16j X 11j X 12j Z- 1 C2H5- C2H5- C2H5-- C2H5- H H H H (P2W18O62)6- 2 C2H5- C2H5-- C2H5-- C2H5- C2H5- H H H H H (P2MoW17O62)6- 3 C2H5- C2H5- C2H5-- C2H5- C2H5- H H H H H (P2Mo2W16O62)6- 4 C2H5-- C2H5- C2H5-- C2H5-- C2H5-- H H H H (P2Mo3W15O62)
  • the R pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably includes, as a coloring material, C.I. Solvent Red 124.
  • the G pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably includes, as a coloring material, a mixture of C.I. Solvent Blue 67 and C.I. Solvent Yellow 162.
  • the B pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably includes, as a coloring material, C.I. Solvent Blue 7.
  • the R pixel portion includes, as a coloring material, C.I. Pigment Red 254, the G pixel portion includes, as coloring materials, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Green 36, and/or C.I. Pigment Green 58, and the B pixel portion includes, as coloring materials, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6 and/or a triarylmethane pigment.
  • the R pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably further includes, as a coloring material, at least one organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. Pigment Red 242, C.I. Pigment Red 166, C.I. Pigment Red 167, C.I. Pigment Red 179, C.I. Pigment Orange 38, C.I. Pigment Orange 71, C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. Solvent Red 89, C.I. Solvent Orange 56, C.I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. Solvent Yellow 83:1, C.I. Solvent Yellow 33, and C.I. Solvent Yellow 162.
  • organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. Pigment Red 242,
  • the G pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably further includes, as a coloring material, at least one organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. Solvent Yellow 83:1, and C.I. Solvent Yellow 33.
  • the B pixel portion of the RGB three-color pixel portion preferably further includes, as a coloring material, at least one organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Blue 1, C.I. Pigment Violet 23, C.I. Basic Blue 7, C.I. Basic Violet 10, C.I. Acid Blue 1, C.I. Acid Blue 90, C.I. Acid Blue 83, and C.I. Direct Blue 86.
  • organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Blue 1, C.I. Pigment Violet 23, C.I. Basic Blue 7, C.I. Basic Violet 10, C.I. Acid Blue 1, C.I. Acid Blue 90, C.I. Acid Blue 83, and C.I. Direct Blue 86.
  • the color filter includes the black matrix, the RGB three-color pixel portion, and a Y pixel portion and the Y pixel portion includes, as a coloring material, at least one yellow organic dye or pigment selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. Solvent Yellow 83:1, C.I. Solvent Yellow 33, and C.I. Solvent Yellow 162.
  • the black matrix included in the color filter can be formed by any publicly known method.
  • An example of the common methods for forming the black matrix is photolithography, in which a photo-curable compound deposited on a portion corresponding to the black matrix is cured by ultraviolet irradiation through a photomask, that is, pattern exposure, and subsequently the other portion that has not been exposed to light is developed with a developing solution in order to fix a black matrix to a transparent substrate.
  • a metal thin film is formed by, for example, sputtering, an etching resist pattern is formed on the thin film using a positive photoresist, subsequently the portion of the metal film which is exposed through the resist pattern is etched, and the etching resist pattern is removed in order to form the black matrix.
  • the pixel portions included in the color filter can also be formed by any publicly known method.
  • a common method for forming the pixel portions is photolithography. In photolithography, the photo-curable composition described below is applied to a surface of a transparent substrate for color filters on which a black matrix has been formed and then dried by being heated (prebaked).
  • the surface of the transparent substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays through a photomask, that is, subjected to pattern exposure, to cure portions of the photo-curable compound corresponding to pixel portions.
  • the other portions of the photo-curable compound which have not exposed to light are developed with a developing solution, and non-pixel portions are removed.
  • the pixel portions are fixed on the transparent substrate.
  • pixel portions formed of a cured, colored coating film composed of the photo-curable composition are formed on the transparent substrate.
  • the photo-curable compositions described below are prepared and the above-described operations are repeated to produce a color filter including colored pixel portions of R pixels, G pixels, B pixels, and Y pixels formed at the respective predetermined positions.
  • the photo-curable composition described below can be applied to a transparent substrate composed of glass or the like by, for example, spin coating, roll coating, or an ink-jet method.
  • the conditions under which the coating film composed of the photo-curable composition deposited on a transparent substrate is dried vary depending on, for example, the types of and proportions of the constituents of the photo-curable composition, but are generally at 50°C to 150°C for about 1 to 15 minutes.
  • Light used for photo-curing of the photo-curable composition is preferably ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 200 to 500 nm or visible light. Any light source that emits light in this wavelength range may be used.
  • Examples of a developing method include a liquid application method, a dipping method, and a spraying method.
  • the transparent substrate on which the pixel portions of the desired colors are formed is washed with water and then dried.
  • the resulting color filter is subjected to a heat treatment (post-baking) at 90°C to 280°C for a predetermined time using a heating device such as a hot plate or an oven. This removes volatile constituents contained in the colored coating film and also causes an unreacted portion of the photo-curable compound which remains in the cured, colored coating film composed of the photo-curable composition to heat-cure.
  • a color filter is formed.
  • a liquid crystal display device that may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) of the liquid crystal layer and thereby address the issues of faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in, can be provided.
  • VHR voltage holding ratio
  • ID ion density
  • the photo-curable composition for black matrices, R pixels, G pixels, B pixels, or Y pixels can be prepared in the following manner.
  • Essential components that is, the pigment for black matrices according to the present invention or the dye and/or pigment composition for color filter pixel portions according to the present invention, an organic solvent, and a dispersant, are mixed together. The resulting mixture is stirred so as to uniformly disperse these components.
  • a pigment dispersion for black matrices or color filter pixel portions is prepared.
  • a photo-curable compound and, as needed, a thermoplastic resin, a photopolymerization initiator, and the like are added to the pigment dispersion to prepare a photo-curable composition.
  • organic solvent used above examples include aromatic compound solvents such as toluene, xylene, and methoxybenzene; acetic acid ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol propyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate; propionate solvents such as ethoxyethyl propionate; alcohol solvents such as methanol and ethanol; ether solvents such as butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone,
  • Examples of the dispersant used above include DISPERBYK 130, DISPERBYK 161, DISPERBYK 162, DISPERBYK 163, DISPERBYK 170, DISPERBYK 171, DISPERBYK 174, DISPERBYK 180, DISPERBYK 182, DISPERBYK 183, DISPERBYK 184, DISPERBYK 185, DISPERBYK 2000, DISPERBYK 2001, DISPERBYK 2020, DISPERBYK 2050, DISPERBYK 2070, DISPERBYK 2096, DISPERBYK 2150, DISPERBYK LPN21116, and DISPERBYK LPN6919 produced by BYK-Chemie; EFKA 46, EFKA 47, EFKA 452, EFKA LP4008, EFKA 4009, EFKA LP4010, EFKA LP4050, LP4055, EFKA
  • acrylic resins such as a wood rosin, a gum rosin, and a tall rosin
  • synthetic resins that are insoluble in water and liquid at room temperature
  • examples of such synthetic resins include polymerized rosins, disproportionated rosins, hydrogenated rosins, oxidized rosins, modified rosins such as a maleated rosin, rosin amine, lime rosin, and rosin derivatives such as alkylene oxide adducts of a rosin, alkyd adducts of a rosin, and a rosin-modified phenol.
  • Addition of the above-described dispersants and the above-described resins also contributes to reduction in flocculation, improvement of the dispersion stability of the pigments, and improvement of the viscometric property of the dispersion solutions.
  • An organic pigment derivative such as a phthalimidemethyl derivative, a phthalimide-sulfonic acid derivative, a phthalimide-N-(dialkylamino)methyl derivative, or a phthalimide-N-(dialkylaminoalkyl)sulfonic acid amide derivative may also be used as a dispersing aid. Needless to say, two or more different types of these derivatives may be used in combination.
  • thermoplastic resin used for preparing the photo-curable composition examples include a urethane resin, an acrylic resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, a styrene-maleic acid-based resin, and a styrene-maleic anhydride-based resin.
  • photo-curable compound examples include difunctional monomers such as 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, bis(acryloxyethoxy)bisphenol A, and 3-methylpentanediol diacrylate; multifunctional monomers having a relatively low molecular weight, such as trimethylolpropatone triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, tris[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl]isocyanurate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate; and multifunctional monomers having a relatively high molecular weight, such as polyester acrylate, polyurethane acrylate, and polyether acrylate.
  • difunctional monomers such as 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, neopenty
  • photopolymerization initiator examples include acetophenone, benzophenone, benzildimethylketanol, benzoyl peroxide, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 1,3-bis(4'-azidobenzal)-2-propane, 1,3-bis(4'-azidobenzal)-2-propane-2'-sulfonic acid, and 4,4'-diazidostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid.
  • photopolymerization initiators examples include “Irgacure (trade name)-184", “Irgacure (trade name)-369", “Darocur (trade name)-1173", and “Lucirin-TPO” produced by BASF, “KAYACURE (trade name) DETX” and “KAYACURE (trade name) OA” produced by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., “Vicure 10" and “Vicure 55” produced by Stauffer Chemical Co., “Trigonal PI” produced by Akzo Nobel N.V., “Sandrey 1000” produced by Sand, “Deep” produced by Upjohn Company, and “Biimidazole” produced by KUROGANE KASEI Co., Ltd.
  • photosensitizers may be used in combination with the above-described photopolymerization initiators.
  • the photosensitizers include amines, ureas, compounds containing a sulfur atom, compounds containing a phosphorus atom, compounds containing a chlorine atom, nitriles, and other compounds containing a nitrogen atom. These photosensitizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the mixing proportion of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably, but is not particularly limited to, 0.1% to 30% by mass relative to the amount of compounds including a photo-polymerizable or photo-curable functional group. If the mixing proportion of the photopolymerization initiator is less than 0.1%, the photographic sensitivity during photo-curing may decrease. If the mixing proportion of the photopolymerization initiator exceeds 30%, the crystal of the photopolymerization initiator may precipitate when a pigment-dispersed resist coating film is dried, which deteriorates the physical properties of the coating film.
  • the above-described materials by mass, 100 parts of the pigment for black matrices according to the present invention or the dye and/or pigment composition for color filter pixel portions according to the present invention is mixed with 20 to 1000 parts of an organic solvent and 1 to 100 parts of a dispersant, and the resulting mixture is stirred so as to uniformly disperse the components.
  • the above-described dye and/or pigment dispersion can be prepared.
  • thermoplastic resin a thermoplastic resin, a photo-curable compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and, as needed, an organic solvent are added to the pigment dispersion such that the total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the photo-curable compound is 3 to 20 parts relative to 1 part of the pigment for black matrices according to the present invention or the dye and/or pigment composition for color filters according to the present invention and the amount of the photopolymerization initiator is 0.05 to 3 parts relative to 1 part of the photo-curable compound.
  • the resulting mixture is stirred so as to uniformly disperse the above components.
  • a photo-curable composition for black matrices or color filter pixel portions is prepared.
  • aqueous alkaline solutions may be used as a developing solution.
  • the photo-curable composition includes a thermoplastic resin or a photo-curable compound and at least one of them has an acid value and alkali-solubility
  • washing with an aqueous alkaline solution may be effective in forming black matrices and color filter pixel portions.
  • the pixel portions of the color filter according to the present invention which are prepared using the pigment composition for color filters, may be formed by another method such as an electrodeposition method, a transfer method, a micelle electrolysis method, a PVED (photovoltaic electrodeposition) method, an ink-jet method, a reverse printing method, or a thermosetting method.
  • the pixel portions are formed for each color to produce a color filter.
  • the black matrix according to the present invention which is prepared using coloring materials for black matrices, can also be produced by another method such as a transfer method, an ink-jet method, a reverse printing method, or a thermosetting method.
  • the alignment film when an alignment film is provided on surfaces of the first and second substrates which are in contact with a liquid crystal composition in order to align the liquid crystal composition, the alignment film is disposed between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the thickness of the alignment film is small, that is, 100 nm or less at most.
  • the alignment film does not completely block the interaction between coloring agents such as pigments constituting the color filter and a liquid crystal compound constituting the liquid crystal layer.
  • the alignment film may be composed of, for example, a transparent organic material such as polyimide, polyamide, BCB (benzocyclobutene polymer), or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • alignment is performed by rubbing.
  • alignment is performed by rubbing.
  • the alignment film may be composed of a material including chalcone, cinnamate, cinnamoyl, or an azo group in the compound. Such a material can be used in combination with polyimide, polyamide, or the like. In such a case, alignment may be performed by rubbing or using a photo-alignment technology.
  • the above-described material of the alignment film is applied to a substrate by spin coating to form a resin film.
  • a uniaxial stretching method the Langmuir-Blodgett method, and the like may also be employed.
  • the transparent electrode may be composed of a conductive metal oxide.
  • the metal oxide include indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 ), indium zinc oxide (In 2 O 3 -ZnO), niobium-doped titanium dioxide (Ti 1-x Nb x O 2 ), fluorine-doped tin oxide, graphene nanoribbon, and metal nanowire.
  • Zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 ), and indium zinc oxide (In 2 O 3 -ZnO) are preferably used.
  • These transparent conductive films can be patterned by, for example, photo-etching or using a mask.
  • the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can be suitably used, in particular, as a liquid crystal display device for active-matrix driving and may be used as a TN-mode, an IPS-mode, a polymer stabilized IPS-mode, an FFS-mode, an OCB-mode, a VA-mode, or an ECB-mode liquid crystal display device.
  • the liquid crystal display device can be used, in combination with a backlight, in various applications such as liquid crystal display televisions, monitors of personal computers, displays of mobile phones and smart phones, notebook-sized personal computers, personal digital assistants, and digital signage systems.
  • the backlight include a cold-cathode tube-type backlight; and a pseudo-white backlight having two wavelength peaks and a backlight having three wavelength peaks that include a light-emitting diode including an inorganic material or an organic El element.
  • a dispersant solution 55 parts of a carbon black (C.I. Pigment Black 7) having a volume resistivity of 10 7 ⁇ cm was dispersed using a paint conditioner to prepare a dispersion of the carbon black.
  • a paint conditioner 25 parts of a carbon black (C.I. Pigment Black 7) having a volume resistivity of 10 7 ⁇ cm was dispersed using a paint conditioner to prepare a dispersion of the carbon black.
  • 2 parts of a photopolymerizable monomer for ultraviolet curing 7 parts of an alkali-soluble resin, 1 part of a photopolymerization initiator, and 23 parts of a solvent were mixed.
  • a photosensitive composition 1 for black matrices was prepared.
  • the photosensitive composition 1 was applied to a glass substrate using a spin coater.
  • the glass substrate was dried in vacuum for 1 minute and subsequently dried by being heated at 90°C on a hot plate for 90 seconds.
  • a dried coating film having a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m was formed.
  • a surface of the glass substrate on which the coating film was deposited was exposed to light through a pattern mask so as to form an image.
  • development was performed.
  • a black matrix 1 was prepared.
  • a dispersant solution 70 parts of a titanium black (C.I. Pigment Black 35) having a volume resistivity of 10 6 ⁇ cm was dispersed using a paint conditioner to prepare a dispersion of the titanium black.
  • a paint conditioner 66 parts of a photopolymerizable monomer for ultraviolet curing, 16 parts of an alkali-soluble resin, 2 parts of a photopolymerization initiator, and 16 parts of a solvent were mixed.
  • a photosensitive composition 2 for black matrices was prepared.
  • the photosensitive composition 2 was applied to a glass substrate using a spin coater.
  • the glass substrate was dried in vacuum for 1 minute and subsequently dried by being heated at 90°C on a hot plate for 90 seconds.
  • a dried coating film having a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m was formed.
  • a surface of the glass substrate on which the coating film was deposited was exposed to light through a pattern mask so as to form an image.
  • development was performed.
  • a black matrix 2 was prepared.
  • a dispersant solution 5 parts of a blue organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 60) having a volume resistivity of 10 10 ⁇ cm, 2 parts of a purple organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Violet 23) having a volume resistivity of 10 9 ⁇ cm, 4 parts of a green organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Green 7) having a volume resistivity of 10 13 ⁇ cm, and 4 parts of a red organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Red 179) having a volume resistivity of 10 9 ⁇ cm were dispersed using a paint conditioner to prepare a black dispersion of the organic pigments.
  • a blue organic pigment C.I. Pigment Blue 60
  • a purple organic pigment C.I. Pigment Violet 23
  • a green organic pigment C.I. Pigment Green 7
  • a red organic pigment C.I. Pigment Red 179
  • a photosensitive composition 3 for black matrices was prepared.
  • the photosensitive composition 3 was applied to a glass substrate using a spin coater.
  • the glass substrate was dried in vacuum for 1 minute and subsequently dried by being heated at 90°C on a hot plate for 90 seconds.
  • a dried coating film having a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m was formed.
  • a surface of the glass substrate on which the coating film was deposited was exposed to light through a pattern mask so as to form an image.
  • development was performed.
  • a black matrix 3 was prepared.
  • a dispersant solution 6 parts of a blue organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6) having a volume resistivity of 10 9 ⁇ cm, 4 parts of a red organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Red 254) having a volume resistivity of 10 10 ⁇ cm, and 5 parts of a yellow organic pigment (C.I. Pigment Yellow 150) having a volume resistivity of 10 9 ⁇ cm were dispersed using a paint conditioner to prepare a black dispersion of the organic pigments. With 40 parts of the dispersion, 4 parts of a photopolymerizable monomer for ultraviolet curing, 2 parts of an alkali-soluble resin, 1 part of a photopolymerization initiator, and 53 parts of a solvent were mixed. Thus, a photosensitive composition 4 for black matrices was prepared.
  • a blue organic pigment C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6
  • red organic pigment C.I. Pigment Red 254
  • a yellow organic pigment C.I. Pigment Yellow 150
  • the photosensitive composition 4 was applied to a glass substrate using a spin coater.
  • the glass substrate was dried in vacuum for 1 minute and subsequently dried by being heated at 90°C on a hot plate for 90 seconds.
  • a dried coating film having a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m was formed.
  • a surface of the glass substrate on which the coating film was deposited was exposed to light through a pattern mask so as to form an image.
  • development was performed.
  • a black matrix 4 was prepared.
  • a chromium oxide film was deposited on a glass substrate by sputtering.
  • a photoresist pattern which was used for forming openings by photolithography, was formed on the chromium oxide film. Portions of the chromium oxide film which were exposed through the photoresist pattern were removed by etching. Subsequently, the photoresist pattern was removed. Thus, a black matrix 5 was prepared.
  • a green pigment coloring composition 1 was prepared as described above, except that 6 parts of a green pigment 1 (C.I. Pigment Green 58, "FASTOGEN GREEN A110” produced by DIC Corporation) and 4 parts of a yellow pigment 1 (C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, "FANCHON FAST YELLOW E4GN” produced by LANXESS) were used instead of 10 parts of the red pigment 1 used for preparing the red pigment coloring composition 1 described above.
  • a green pigment 1 C.I. Pigment Green 58, "FASTOGEN GREEN A110” produced by DIC Corporation
  • 4 parts of a yellow pigment 1 C.I. Pigment Yellow 150, "FANCHON FAST YELLOW E4GN” produced by LANXESS
  • a blue pigment coloring composition 1 was prepared as described above, except that 9 parts of a blue pigment 1 (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, "FASTOGEN BLUE EP-210" produced by DIC Corporation) and 1 part of a purple pigment 1 (C.I. Pigment VIOLET 23) were used instead of 10 parts of the red pigment 1 used for preparing the red pigment coloring composition 1 described above.
  • a blue pigment 1 C.I. Pigment Blue 15:6, "FASTOGEN BLUE EP-210" produced by DIC Corporation
  • C.I. Pigment VIOLET 23 1 part of a purple pigment 1
  • the red coloring composition 1 was applied by spin coating so as to form a coating film having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m. After being dried at 70°C for 20 minutes, the coating film was exposed to ultraviolet rays through a photomask using an exposure machine including an extra-high pressure mercury lamp to form a striped pattern in the coating film. The patterned coating film was subjected to spray development using an alkali developing solution for 90 seconds, then washed with ion-exchanged water, and air-dried. Subsequently, post-baking was performed in a clean oven at 230°C for 30 minutes. Thus, red pixels, that is, a colored layer having a striped pattern, was formed on the transparent substrate.
  • the green coloring composition 1 was applied to the glass substrate by spin coating so as to form a coating film having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m. After being dried, the coating film was exposed to light using the exposure machine such that a colored layer having a striped pattern was developed at a position displaced from that of the red pixels. Thus, green pixels adjacent to the red pixels were formed.
  • the blue coloring composition 1 was applied to the glass substrate by spin coating so as to form a coating film having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
  • a coating film having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m was formed.
  • Color filters 1 to 4 and a comparative color filter 1 were prepared using the black matrices shown in Table 9. [Table 9] Color filter 1 Color filter 2 Color filter 3 Color filter 4 Comparative color filter 1 Black matrix Black matrix 1 Black matrix 2 Black matrix 3 Black matrix 4 Black matrix 5
  • An electrode structure was formed on at least one of the first and second substrates, and an alignment film having a horizontal alignment was formed on surfaces of the first and second substrates which faced each other. Subsequently, the alignment films were subjected to a weak rubbing treatment. Thus, an IPS cell was formed.
  • the liquid crystal composition 1 had a liquid crystal layer temperature range of 75.8°C, which is at a practical level as a liquid crystal composition for TV, a dielectric anisotropy having a large absolute value, a low viscosity, and an optimal ⁇ n.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • the liquid crystal composition 2 or 3 shown in Table 12 was held between the substrates as in Example 1. Then, liquid crystal display devices of Examples 5 to 12 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 13 and 14 summarize the results.
  • Liquid crystal composition 2 Liquid crystal composition 3 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) 4-Cy-Cy-1d0) 15 5-Cy-Cy-1d0 5 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 4 3-Cy-Gy-1d1 10 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 14 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 8 3-Cy-Ph-Ph-Cy-3 3 5-Cy-Cy-Ph-O1 6 3-Cy-Ph-Ph1-Cy-3 4 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 8 1-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 9 2-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 11 2-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 10 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 15 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 10 5-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 5 5-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 5 3-Cy-Ph
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 5 to 12 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • Example 15 A specific one of the liquid crystal compositions 4 to 6 shown in Table 15 was held between the substrates as in Example 1. Then, liquid crystal display devices of Examples 13 to 24 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 16 to 18 summarize the results.
  • Liquid crystal composition 4 Liquid crystal composition 5
  • Liquid crystal composition 6 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%)
  • 5-Cy-Cy-1d0 15 5-Cy-Cy-1d0 10
  • 5-Cy-Cy-1d0 12 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 2
  • 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 5
  • 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 25 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 12 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 8
  • 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 9
  • 2-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 8 3-Cy-Ph-Ph-Cy-3 3 2-
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 13 to 24 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • Liquid crystal composition 7 Liquid crystal composition 8 Liquid crystal composition 9 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 38 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 38 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 30 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 9 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 14 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 17 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 16 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 8 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 7 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 4 3-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 9 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 7 2-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 2 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 15 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-2 2 3-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 12 3-P
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 25 to 36 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • An electrode structure was formed on at least one of the first and second substrates, and an alignment film having a horizontal alignment was formed on surfaces of the first and second substrates which faced each other.
  • the alignment films were subjected to a weak rubbing treatment.
  • an FFS cell was prepared.
  • the liquid crystal composition 10 or 11 shown in Table 23 was held between the first and second substrates.
  • the VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured.
  • Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 24 and 25 summarize the results.
  • Liquid crystal composition 10 Liquid crystal composition 11 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 39 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 44 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 7 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 3 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 11 2-Ph-Ph-3d1 13 2-Ph-Ph1-Phr-3 8 3-Cy-Ph-Ph-2 7 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 8 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 8 3-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 10 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 7 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 6 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 9 4-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 11 4-Cy-Cy-Ph1-CFFO-Ph3-F 3 3- - Cy-Ph
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 37 to 44 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • Example 27 A specific one of the liquid crystal compositions 12 to 14 shown in Table 26 was held between the substrates as in Example 37. Then, liquid crystal display devices of Examples 45 to 56 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 27 to 29 summarize the results.
  • Liquid crystal composition 12 Liquid crystal composition 13 Liquid crystal composition 14 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 47 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 29 3-Cy-Cy-1d0 10 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 9 5-Cy-Cy-1d1 8 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 6 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-2 7 3-Cy-Cy-1d1 13 3-Cy-Cy-1d1-F 28 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 4 5-Ph-Ph-1 2 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 11 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 7 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 6 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 10 3-Cy-Ph-Ph-Cy-3 2 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-4 6 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 10 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 45 to 56 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • a liquid crystal composition 15 was prepared by mixing the liquid crystal composition 10 used in Example 37 with 0.3% by mass of bismethacrylic acid biphenyl-4,4'-diyl ester.
  • the liquid crystal composition 15 was held inside a TN cell. While a driving voltage was applied between the electrodes, ultraviolet irradiation (3.0 J/cm 2 ) was done for 600 seconds to perform a polymerization treatment. Subsequently, liquid crystal display devices of Examples 57 to 60 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Table 30 summarizes the results.
  • Example 57 Example 58
  • Example 59 Example 60
  • Liquid crystal composition Liquid crystal composition 15 Liquid crystal composition 15 Liquid crystal composition 15 Liquid crystal composition 15 Color filter Color filter 1 Color filter 2 Color filter 3 Color filter 4 VHR 99.5 99.4 99.2 99.1 ID 20 27 66 76 Burn-in Excellent Excellent Excellent Good
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 57 to 60 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • a liquid crystal composition 16 was prepared by mixing the liquid crystal composition 8 used in Example 29 with 0.3% by mass of bismethacrylic acid biphenyl-4,4'-diyl ester.
  • the liquid crystal composition 16 was held inside an IPS cell. While a driving voltage was applied between the electrodes, ultraviolet irradiation (3.0 J/cm 2 ) was done for 600 seconds to perform a polymerization treatment. Subsequently, liquid crystal display devices of Examples 61 to 64 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Table 31 summarizes the results.
  • Example 61 Example 62
  • Example 63 Example 64 Liquid crystal composition Liquid crystal composition 16 Liquid crystal composition 16 Liquid crystal composition 16 Liquid crystal composition 16 Color filter Color filter 1 Color filter 2 Color filter 3 Color filter 4 VHR 99.4 99.3 99.1 99.0 ID 31 45 72 90 Burn-in Excellent Excellent Good Good
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 61 to 64 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • a liquid crystal composition 17 was prepared by mixing the liquid crystal composition 6 used in Example 21 with 0.3% by mass of bismethacrylic acid 3-fluorobiphenyl-4,4'-diyl ester.
  • the liquid crystal composition 17 was held inside an FFS cell. While a driving voltage was applied between the electrodes, ultraviolet irradiation (3.0 J/cm 2 ) was done for 600 seconds to perform a polymerization treatment. Subsequently, liquid crystal display devices of Examples 65 to 68 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Table 32 summarizes the results.
  • Example 65 Example 66 Example 67 Example 68 Liquid crystal composition Liquid crystal composition 17 Liquid crystal composition 17 Liquid crystal composition 17 Color filter Color filter 1 Color filter 2 Color filter 3 Color filter 4 VHR 99.6 99.4 99.2 99.0 ID 15 27 63 86 Burn-in Excellent Excellent Excellent Good
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 65 to 68 had a high VHR and a small ID. Furthermore, a residual image was absent in the burn-in evaluation. Even when a residual image was present, it was very slight and at an acceptable level.
  • the comparative liquid crystal composition 1 described below was held inside the IPS cell used in Example 1.
  • Table 33 summarizes the physical properties of the comparative liquid crystal composition.
  • Liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in.
  • Table 34 summarizes the results.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 had a lower VHR and a higher ID than the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention. Furthermore, occurrence of a residual image was observed in the burn-in evaluation, which was not at an acceptable level.
  • the comparative liquid crystal composition 2 or 3 shown in Table 35 was held between the substrates as in Example 1. Then, liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 5 to 12 were prepared using the specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of the liquid crystal display device were measured. The liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 36 and 37 summarize the results.
  • Comparative liquid crystal composition 2 Comparative liquid crystal composition 3 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) 2-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 12 2-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 12 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 10 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 10 5-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 6 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 8 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-OCFFFFF 9 3-Cr-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 8 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 8 4-Cy-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 7 4-Cy-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 7 5-Cy-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 4 2-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-F 12 2-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-F 12 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-F 10 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-F 4 2-Cy-Py-Cy-
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 5 to 12 had a lower VHR and a higher ID than the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention. Furthermore, occurrence of a residual image was observed in the burn-in evaluation, which was not at an acceptable level.
  • the comparative liquid crystal composition 4 or 5 shown in Table 38 was held between the substrates as in Example 1.
  • Liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 13 to 20 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 39 and 40 summarize the results.
  • Comparative liquid crystal composition 4 Comparative liquid crystal composition 5 Name of compound Content (%) Name of compound Content (%) 4-Cy-Cy-1 d0 15 2-Cy-Cy-1d0 32 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 4 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 4 0d3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 14 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 10 3-Cy-Ph-Ph-Cy-3 3 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 11 3-Cy-Ph-Ph1-Cy-3 4 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 7 1-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 9 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-F 6 2-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 10 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-F 21 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 10 5-Cy-Ph-Ph-F 7 5-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 5 3-Cy-Ph-P
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 13 to 20 had a lower VHR and a higher ID than the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention. Furthermore, occurrence of a residual image was observed in the burn-in evaluation, which was not at an acceptable level.
  • Example 41 A specific one of the comparative liquid crystal compositions 6 to 8 shown in Table 41 was held between the substrates as in Example 1.
  • Liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 21 to 32 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 42 to 44 summarize the results.
  • Comparative liquid crystal composition 6 Name of compound Content (%) 4-Cy-Cy-1d0 18 3-Cy-Cy-4 15 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 8 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 10 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 6 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 6 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-F 6 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-F 10 5-Cy-Ph-Ph-F 7 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 14 Tni / °C 73.5 ⁇ n 0.126 ⁇ ⁇ 4.9 ⁇ 1/ mPa ⁇ 94 ⁇ /mPa ⁇ s 16.9 Comparative liquid crystal composition 7 Name of compound Content (%) 4-Cy-Cy-1d0 18 3-Cy-Cy-4 15 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 8 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3 10 2-Ph-Ph1-Ph-5 6 3-Ph-Ph1-
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 21 to 32 had a lower VHR and a higher ID than the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention. Furthermore, occurrence of a residual image was observed in the burn-in evaluation, which was not at an acceptable level.
  • Example 45 A specific one of the comparative liquid crystal compositions 9 to 11 shown in Table 45 was held between the substrates as in Example 1.
  • Liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 33 to 44 were each prepared using a specific one of the color filters 1 to 4 shown in Table 9. The VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured. Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 46 to 48 summarize the results.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 33 to 44 had a lower VHR and a higher ID than the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention. Furthermore, occurrence of a residual image was observed in the burn-in evaluation, which was not at an acceptable level.
  • Liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 45 to 52 were prepared as in Examples 5, 13, 17, 25, 37, 45, 61, and 65, respectively, except that the comparative color filter 1 shown in Table 9 was used instead of the color filter 1.
  • the VHR and ID of each liquid crystal display device were measured.
  • Each liquid crystal display device was evaluated in terms of burn-in. Tables 49 and 50 summarize the results.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 45 to 52 had a lower VHR and a higher ID than the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention. Furthermore, occurrence of a residual image was observed in the burn-in evaluation, which was not at an acceptable level.

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides comprenant un premier substrat ; un second substrat ; une couche de composition de cristaux liquides tenue entre le premier substrat et le second substrat ; un filtre coloré incluant une matrice noire et au moins une portion de pixel à trois couleurs RVB ; une électrode de pixel ; et une électrode commune,
    dans lequel la couche de composition de cristaux liquides est composée d'une composition de cristaux liquides incluant un ou plusieurs composés représentés par la formule générale (I) et un ou plusieurs composés choisis dans le groupe consistant en des composés représentés par les formules générales (II-b) à (II-f) :
    Figure imgb0120
     où R31 représente un groupe alkyle comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcoxy comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcényle comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone, ou un groupe alcényloxy comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone ; M31 à M33 représente chacun indépendamment un groupe trans-1,4-cyclohexylène ou un groupe 1,4-phénylène, un ou deux groupes -CH2- du groupe trans-1,4-cyclohexylène peuvent être remplacés par un groupe -O- de telle sorte que des atomes d'oxygène ne soient pas directement adjacents les uns aux autres, et un ou deux atomes d'hydrogène du groupe phénylène peuvent être remplacés par un atome de fluor ; X31 et X32 représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou un atome de fluor ; Z31 représente un atome de fluor, un groupe trifluorométhoxy, ou un groupe trifluorométhyle ; n31 et n32 représentent chacun indépendamment 0, 1 ou 2, et n31 + n32 vaut 0, 1 ou 2 ; et, lorsqu'une pluralité de M31 ou une pluralité de M33 sont présents, ils peuvent être identiques ou différents
    Figure imgb0121
    Figure imgb0122
    Figure imgb0123
    Figure imgb0124
    Figure imgb0125
     où R19 à R30 représentent chacun indépendamment un groupe alkyle comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcoxy comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, ou un groupe alcényle comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone ; et X21 représente un atome d'hydrogène ou un atome de fluor, et
    dans lequel la matrice noire inclut, comme matériau colorant, un ou plusieurs pigments choisis parmi des noirs de carbone, des noirs de titane, et des pigments organiques, les uns ou plusieurs pigments ayant une résistivité volumique de 106 Ω·cm ou plus.
  2. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la portion de pixel à trois couleurs RVB inclut une portion de pixel R incluant du rouge solvant C.I. 124 servant de matériau colorant, une portion de pixel V incluant un mélange de bleu solvant C.I. 67 et jaune solvant C.I. 162, le mélange servant de matériau colorant, et une portion de pixel B incluant du solvant bleu C.I. 7 servant de matériau colorant.
  3. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la portion de pixel à trois couleurs RVB inclut une portion de pixel R incluant le rouge pigment C.I. 254 servant de matériau colorant, une portion de pixel V incluant du vert pigment C.I. 7 et/ou du vert pigment C.I. 36 servant de matériau colorant, et un matériau de pixel B incluant du bleu pigment C.I. 15:6 servant de matériau colorant.
  4. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la portion de pixel R inclut au moins une teinte ou un pigment organique choisi(e) dans le groupe consistant en le rouge pigment C.I. 177, le rouge pigment C.I. 242, le rouge pigment C.I. 166, le rouge pigment C.I. 167, le rouge pigment C.I. 179, l'orange pigment C.I. 38, l'orange pigment C.I. 71, le jaune pigment C.I. 150, le jaune pigment C.I. 215, le jaune pigment C.I. 185, le jaune pigment C.I. 138, le jaune pigment C.I. 139, le rouge solvant C.I. 89, l'orange solvant C.I. 56, le jaune solvant C.I. 21, le jaune solvant C.I. 82, le jaune solvant C.I. 83:1, le jaune solvant C.I. 33, et le jaune solvant C.I. 162.
  5. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la portion de pixel V inclut au moins une teinte ou un pigment organique choisi(e) dans le groupe consistant en le jaune pigment C.I. 150, le jaune pigment C.I. 215, le jaune pigment C.I. 185, le jaune pigment C.I. 138, le jaune solvant C.I. 21, le jaune solvant C.I. 82, le jaune solvant C.I. 83:1, le jaune solvant C.I. 33.
  6. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la portion de pixel B inclut au moins une teinte ou un pigment organique choisi(e) dans le groupe consistant en le bleu pigment C.I. 1, le violet pigment C.I. 23, le bleu basique C.I. 7, le violet basique C.I. 10, le bleu acide C.I. 1, le bleu acide C.I. 90, le bleu acide C.I. 83, et le bleu direct C.I. 86.
  7. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le filtre coloré inclut la matrice noire, la portion de pixel à trois couleurs RVB et une portion de pixel Y, dans lequel la portion de pixel Y inclut, comme matériau colorant, au moins une teinte ou un pigment organique jaune choisi(e) dans le groupe consistant en le jaune pigment C.I. 150, le jaune pigment C.I. 215, le jaune pigment C.I. 185, le jaune pigment C.I. 138, le jaune pigment C.I. 139, le jaune solvant C.I. 21, le jaune solvant C.I. 82, le jaune solvant C.I. 83:1, le jaune solvant C.I. 33, et le jaune solvant C.I. 162.
  8. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel les composés représentés par la formule générale (I) sont des composés représentés par les formules générales (I-a) à (I-f),
    Figure imgb0126
    Figure imgb0127
    Figure imgb0128
    Figure imgb0129
    Figure imgb0130
    Figure imgb0131
     où R32 représente un groupe alkyle comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcoxy comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcényle comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone, ou un groupe alcényloxy comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone ; X31 à X38 représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou un atome de fluor ; et Z31 représente un atome de fluor, un groupe trifluorométhoxy ou un groupe trifluorométhyle.
  9. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la couche de composition des cristaux liquides inclut en outre un ou plusieurs composés choisis dans le groupe consistant en un composé représenté par les formules générales (III-a) à (III-f)
    Figure imgb0132
    Figure imgb0133
    Figure imgb0134
    Figure imgb0135
    Figure imgb0136
    Figure imgb0137
     où R41 représente un groupe alkyle comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcoxy comportant 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, un groupe alcényle comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone, ou un groupe alcényloxy comportant 2 à 10 atomes de carbone ; X41 à X48 représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou un atome de fluor ; et Z41 représente un atome de fluor, un groupe trifluorométhoxy ou un groupe trifluorométhyle.
  10. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel la couche de composition de cristaux liquides est composée d'un polymère formé par polymérisation d'une composition de cristaux liquides incluant un ou plusieurs composés polymérisables.
  11. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel la couche de composition de cristaux liquides inclut un monomère difonctionnel représenté par la formule générale (V),
    Figure imgb0138
    où X1 et X2 représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou un groupe méthyle ;
    Sp1 et Sp2 représentent chacun indépendamment une simple liaison, un groupe alkylène comportant 1 à 8 atomes de carbone, ou -O-(CH2)s- (où s est un entier de 2 à 7 et l'atome d'oxygène est lié à un cycle aromatique) ; Z1 représente -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2CH2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=CH-COO-, -CH=CH-OCO-, -COO-CH=CH-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -COO-CH2CH2-, -OCO-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-COO-, -CH2CH2-OCO-, -COO-CH2-, -OCO-CH2-, -CH2-COO-, -CH2-OCO-, -CY1=CY2- (où Y1 et Y2 représentent chacun indépendamment un atome de fluor ou un atome d'hydrogène), -C=C-, ou une simple liaison ; C représente un groupe 1,4-phénylène, un groupe trans-1,4-cyclohexylène, ou une simple liaison ; et, dans tous les groupes 1,4-phénylène dans la formule générale (V), tout atome d'hydrogène peut être remplacé par un atome de fluor.
EP13887506.7A 2013-06-18 2013-06-18 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides Not-in-force EP2957949B1 (fr)

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TW201500525A (zh) 2015-01-01
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EP2957949A1 (fr) 2015-12-23
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US20150344778A1 (en) 2015-12-03
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WO2014203325A1 (fr) 2014-12-24

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