EP2940708A1 - Mécanisme de déclenchement et dispositif d'installation électrique - Google Patents

Mécanisme de déclenchement et dispositif d'installation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2940708A1
EP2940708A1 EP14001524.9A EP14001524A EP2940708A1 EP 2940708 A1 EP2940708 A1 EP 2940708A1 EP 14001524 A EP14001524 A EP 14001524A EP 2940708 A1 EP2940708 A1 EP 2940708A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arm
retaining
contact
tripping mechanism
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14001524.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günther MECHLER
Alexander Wachter
Markus Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AG Germany
Original Assignee
ABB AG Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB AG Germany filed Critical ABB AG Germany
Priority to EP14001524.9A priority Critical patent/EP2940708A1/fr
Publication of EP2940708A1 publication Critical patent/EP2940708A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/12—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in both directions due to the energisation of one or the other of two electromagnets without the storage of energy to effect the return movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2272—Polarised relays comprising rockable armature, rocking movement around central axis parallel to the main plane of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2083—Bridging contact surfaces directed at an oblique angle with respect to the movement of the bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/643—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part performing a rotating or pivoting movement

Definitions

  • the invention is about a tripping mechanism, which has a double-armed armature that is rotatably mounted to a rotation axis, and which has driving means for driving the armature to alternate between two stable positions, whereby each arm is provided with a contact arrangement that allows, by tripping operations of the driving means, in a closing position of the arm to connect pairs of phase contacts and in an opening position of the arm to disconnect pairs of phase contacts, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a tripping mechanism is shown, for example, in DE 10 2009 043 105 A1 .
  • an electrical overload relay with a contact bridge is shown, where a tripping mechanism according to the preamble of claim1 is contained.
  • An overload relay is used for the protection of motors and other electrical devices from overloads caused by short circuits or load imbalances.
  • Typical components of an overload relay are (1) a voltage transformer to detect if the condition for relay operation is fulfilled, (2) a current transformer to extract energy from the magnetic field caused by the phase current, (3) a DC supply unit consisting of a capacitor that is loaded by the current from the current transformer using an AC/DC converter, (4) an electronic unit in form of a circuit board controlling the DC supply for (5) an electromechanical tripping arrangement driving an armature to alternate between two stable positions. Armature motion can be linear or rotational; (6) a contact arrangement that allows connecting or disconnecting pairs of phase contacts by tripping operations. The said armature is in most cases stiffly connected with a tripping body that holds the contact springs and contact bridges.
  • a spring that guarantees a well-defined contact force that the armature excites on the phase contacts is oriented opposite to the magnetic holding force but weak enough to allow the switch staying in a stable position even under the condition of external mechanical shocks or vibrations.
  • the contact springs will repel the armature from the contacts.
  • the inertia of the armature and attractive forces at other gaps of the magnetic circuit support the armature movement that should end in another end position that is stable even though the coil excitation will be removed.
  • the middle position is also a stable position, due to a minimum of potential energy. To prevent the armature from being trapped in this middle position, it needs to be accelerated to a sufficient kinetic energy to be able passing the mid position trap.
  • the second stable position is physically symmetric to the first stable position while the same permanent magnet causes the holding force in both positions.
  • the armature is already moving due to the contact spring driving force. If the current of the coil is further increasing, the magnetic force in the small gap will increase again, because the magnetic force is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density that has inverted the spacial orientation but is increasing strongly. This could stop the armature motion and bring it back to the starting position, especially if the contact spring force is too small.
  • the magnetic circuit has a topology with two or more coupled magnetic loops with more than two air gaps, the magnetic holding force in two closed air gaps is not automatically compensated simultaneously. It can happen that once the force in one closed gap is compensated, the force in the second closed gap is still high. Furthermore if the force in the second closed air gap is compensated, the holding force in the first air gap is already growing again.
  • a big share of the magnetic flux generated by the coils is not contributing to the gap forces especially in open gaps, because it is leaving the core at other locations as leakage flux. The magnetic energy of that leakage field is lost.
  • the magnetic core is not laminated but massive, the ohmic eddy current losses due to electrical current in the core contribute significantly to the overall energy losses. Due to back-emf the eddy currents also increase the losses in the exciting coil
  • the object of the current invention is achieved by a tripping mechanism with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • a first arm of the armature is functionally coupled to a first electromagnetic driving unit
  • the second arm of the armature is functionally coupled to a second electromagnetic driving unit
  • on activation of the first electromagnetic driving unit the first arm is rotated to its closing position and the second arm is rotated to its opening position
  • on activation of the second electromagnetic driving unit the second arm is rotated to its closing position and the first arm is rotated to its opening position
  • the tripping mechanism is provided with retaining means which retain the first arm in its closing position after deactivation of the first electromagnetic driving unit and which retain the second arm in its closing position after deactivation of the second electromagnetic driving unit.
  • the driving means for driving the double-armed armature is split into two electromagnetic driving units, one associated with each of the arms. This allows for a more energy efficient design and operation of the driving of the armature.
  • the double-armed armature is made of a ferromagnetic material. It is especially advantageous if the double armed armature is made of a laminated ferromagnetic material.
  • the first and second electromagnetic driving unit is an air core coil each, and the first arm is coupled to a first plunger, and the second arm is coupled to a second plunger, and in the activated state of the first coil the flux in the air core pulls the first plunger into the air core of the first coil which makes the first arm rotate, and in the activated state of the second coil the flux in the air core pulls the second plunger into the air core of the second coil which makes the second arm rotate.
  • Activated state of a coil is the state when an electric current is flowing in the coil winding of a size that the resulting magnetic flux in the air core is sufficiently large to exert an attractive force on the plunger associated with that coil to attract the plunger into the air core.
  • the first arm is provided with a first retaining extension and the second arm is provided with a second retaining extension, and the retaining means for retaining the first or second arm execute a holding force on the second retaining extension or the first retaining extension.
  • the first arm is provided with a first contact spring which is guided in a first frame and which is exerting a contact force on a first contact bridge
  • the second arm is provided with a second contact spring which is guided in a second frame and which is exerting a contact force on a second contact bridge.
  • the retaining means contains a permanent magnet.
  • the retaining means contains a permanent magnet with flux guides, whereby at least one of the flux guides gets in contact with the first or second retaining extensions for retaining the second or first arm.
  • one of the flux guides gets in contact with the first or second retaining extensions for retaining the second or first arm, and in the contact position of one of the flux guides there is an air gap between the non-contacting flux guide and the first or second retaining extensions.
  • each air core coil is provided with a ferromagnetic yoke around the coil for increasing the amount of flux inside the air core.
  • activation of each of the air core coils is achieved through a pulsed activation current regime through the coils.
  • An electrical installation device has a housing and a tripping mechanism according to the invention as described above.
  • the rotation axis, the phase contacts and the retaining means are mounted in a fixed position relatively to the housing.
  • the holding force acting on the armature is generated by a permanent magnet, thereby guiding the magnetic flux locally through a ferromagnetic core like in a magnetic short circuit, so no remagnetization of a long core is to be expected.
  • the core parts excited by the permanent magnet are always excited in the same direction. Thus high hysteresis losses are avoided.
  • the magnetic circuit can also comprise one or two ferromagnetic plates covering one or both sides of the permanent magnet. Said plates are called the first and second flux guide, as they can guide the flux of the permanent magnet to the ferromagnetic core. This has an advantage in respect to the brittleness of the permanent magnet material. The impact with the first and second retaining extensions of the armature in contact position is then not directly with the brittle permanent magnet material, but with the flus guide plate, which can be made of a more robust material. The two small plates could also be used to fix the permanent magnet at the stator parts.
  • an artificial gap can be introduced to the magnetic short circuit. With the width of this gap the magnetic holding force acting on the movable armature can be adjusted to a requested value.
  • a high percentage of the flux generated in the air core coils is contributing directly to the force acting on the coil plunger.
  • the plunger force is directly transferred to the tripping lever, the double armed armature, that is moved to external contact pins either on one or the other side. Leakage, i.e. mechanically non-active flux, is avoided.
  • the accelerating force is not reduced like in an opening gap. Thus the acceleration can be controlled by the length of the coil current pulse.
  • the force acting on the plunger can according to the invention be increased adding a housing or a yoke made of ferromagnetic material to each air core coil.
  • the housing or yoke then needs an aperture where the plunger can enter the coil core.
  • the contour of the double armed armature ferromagnetic plate has two retaining extensions, which each define a contact line in its contour that allow the contact to a permanent magnet that is fixed at a stator frame or at the housing of the electrical switching device where the tripping device according to the invention is inserted, with or without flux guide plates at two holding positions.
  • the double armed armature plate has attached contact springs, a spring frame, contact bridges and contact pins attached that are moved and compressed when they are moved to external line contact pins while rotating the balanced plate from the first to the second stable position or vice versa.
  • the double armed armature plate is balanced out, the attached parts are then considered as integral parts of the rotatable double armed armature plate.
  • Figure 1 shows a tripping mechanism 1 comprising a laminated ferromagnetic rotational plate 2 and a first air coil 4 that is fixed at the housing of an electromagnetic switching device (not shown in the figure) where the tripping mechanism is inserted.
  • the rotational plate 2 has the basic form of a double-armed armature 2. It has a first arm 2.1 and a second arm 2.2. The first arm 2.1 is provided with a first retaining extension 22 and the second arm 2.2 is provided with a second retaining extension 23. Both retaining extensions 22, 23 are facing downwards, in a direction opposite the rotation axis 12. A central bar portion 24 of the double armed armature is showing upwards from the rotational axis.
  • first plunger 17 On the side of the second arm 2.2, and a second extension in form of a second plunger 18, on the side of the first arm 2.1.
  • the first and second plungers 17, 18 have a slightly bent shape.
  • the central bar portion 24 with the two plungers 17,18 attached has the form approximately of an anchor.
  • first and second retaining extensions 22, 23 there is located a permanent magnet 13, forming the retaining means, with an upper, first flux guide plate 14 and a lower, second flux guide plate 15.
  • the first flux guide plate 14 is larger in diameter than the second flux guide plate 15, it overlaps the second flux guide plate.
  • the first arm 2.1 is provided at its free end, upward looking side, with a first contact arrangement 7', and at its second arm 2.2, free end, upward looking side, with a second contact arrangement 8'.
  • the first contact arrangement 7' comprises a frame-type arrangement, a first frame 11, which is guiding a first contact spring 9 and a first contact bridge 7.
  • the contact first bridge 7 carries two movable contact pieces 7a, 7b.
  • the second contact arrangement 8' comprises a frame-type arrangement, a second frame 11', which is guiding a second contact spring 10 and a second contact bridge 8.
  • the second contact bridge 8 carries two movable contact pieces 8a, 8b.
  • the first air coil 4 can attract the first plunger 17, when there is an electric current flowing through the first coil 4.
  • the first coil 4 is in its activated state when the electrical current is flowing through the coil windings. In its activated state, the first coil 4 is drawing this first plunger 17 into the coil aperture 20 of the first coil 4, thus rotating the plate 2 around the rotational axis 12 in a clockwise direction.
  • the rotational axis 12 is as well fixed at the housing of the electromagnetic switching device where the tripping mechanism is inserted.
  • the rotational movement of the plate 2 comes to an end when the second retaining extension 23 gets in touching contact with the first flux guide plate 14. This situation is shown in figure 1 .
  • a holding force is caused by the magnetic flux 16 of the permanent magnet 13 and guided by the flux guides 14 and 15 to the second retaining extension 23. This holding force holds the plate 2 in its position as shown in figure 1 even when the first coil 4 is deactivated again, i.e. when the current flow through the coil windings is stopped.
  • the rotated position as shown in figure 1 is called a first stable position of the double-armed armature 2.
  • the first contact bridge 7 with the two movable contact pieces 7a, 7b is pressed against a first pair of phase contacts 5, 5', closing a signal current path between the two phase contacts 5, 5' via the contact bridge 7.
  • the first contact spring 9 is compressed, exerting an additional contact force onto the first contact bridge 7.
  • the anti-clockwise rotational movement of the plate 2 is stopped when the double-armed armature 2 reaches its second stable position, shown in figure 3 .
  • the contact spring 9 In the transition phase between the first and second stable positions of the double-armed armature 2, the contact spring 9 is expanding and contributing to the angular acceleration of the plate 2, removing subsequently the first contact bridge 7 from the first pair of phase contacts 5, 5'. Expansion of the contact spring 9 is stopped when the contact bridge 7 gets contact to the upper part of the first frame 11 that is fixed at the first arm 2.1 of the plate 2.
  • the second contact bridge 8 with the movable contact pieces 8a, 8b gets contact with the second pair of phase contacts 6, 6', whereupon the second contact spring 10 is compressed until the rotation of the double armed armature 2 is stopped.
  • the rotational movement is stopped when the first retaining extension 22 gets contact with the first flux guide 14 of the permanent magnet 13.
  • the resulting magnetic flux 29 excites a holding torque on plate 2 in the second stable position, which is lasting even when the activation of the second coil 3 is stopped.
  • the first coil 4 When in the second stable position, figure 3 , the first coil 4 is activated again, the plate 2 is being rotated back to the first stable position.
  • the second contact spring 10 supports the rotation by expanding and contributing to the angular acceleration of plate 2 until the second contact bridge 8 gets contact with the upper end of the second frame 11' that is fixed at the second arm 2.2 of plate 2 and removes subsequently the second contact bridge 8 from the second pair of phase contacts 6, 6', and after continued rotation the first contact bridge 7 gets again in contact with the first pair of phase contacts 5, 5', whereupon the first contact spring 9 is again compressed until the rotation of plate 2 is stopped when the second retaining extension 23 of plate 2 again gets in contact with the flux guide plate 14 of the permanent magnet 13 while the magnetic flux 16 excites a holding torque on plate 2.
  • the flux guides 14 and 15 are attached to the permanent magnet 13 and they hold the permanent magnet in a fixed position with respect to the housing of the installation device, not shown in the figures.
  • the extension of the first and second flux guides 14 and 15 have different length in the direction normal to the first and second retaining extensions 22 or 23, while only the longer flux guide 14 will get contact with one of the first and second retaining extensions 22 or 23, whereas between the shorter flux guide 15 and one of the first and second retaining extensions 22 or 23 an air gap 26 will exist with a magnetic reluctance that limits the magnetic holding force exerted on plate 2 to the required value that is high enough to keep the plate angular position-stable against external shocks and vibration and low enough to allow for the first and second air coils 4 and 3 an energy efficient tripping operation.
  • the bobbins of the first and second coils 4 and 3 are designed in a way that the coil apertures 19 and 20 and the extensions 17 and 18 are fitting well together when moving against each other with a sufficient play that accounts for the bearing tolerances between the plate 2 and the rotational axis 12.
  • the coil current control scheme for activating the first and second coils 4 and 3 generates coil current pulses, that are designed in a way that the resulting magnetic force function exerted on the first and second plungers 17, 18 is sufficient to achieve an angular acceleration on the double-armed armature plate 2 that is sufficient to transport the plate 2 and all attached bodies from one angular end position in the first stable position to the other angular end position in the second stable position without bouncing back and without being trapped at another intermediate angular position. So the neutral position in the middle, figure 2 , is passed and the double-armed armature 2 will not stop there.
  • Figure 3 shows a variant of the first and second coils arrangements 4, 3 in that ferromagnetic solid or laminated housings or frames 27 and 28 are arranged around the coils 4 and 3 to increase the amount of magnetic flux that will penetrate the attracted end of the plungers 17 or 18 when entering the respective coils 4, 3, thus getting a higher torque on the double-armed armature plate 2.
  • the outer contours of the double-armed armature plate 2 are designed in a way that the center of mass of the double-armed armature plate 2 including the weight of the contact springs 9 and 10, frames 11 and 11' and contact bridges 7 and 8, is exactly matching the position of the rotational axis 12.
EP14001524.9A 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Mécanisme de déclenchement et dispositif d'installation électrique Withdrawn EP2940708A1 (fr)

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EP14001524.9A EP2940708A1 (fr) 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Mécanisme de déclenchement et dispositif d'installation électrique

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EP14001524.9A EP2940708A1 (fr) 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Mécanisme de déclenchement et dispositif d'installation électrique

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EP2940708A1 true EP2940708A1 (fr) 2015-11-04

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105609374A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2016-05-25 彭旭华 一种基于机械h桥的双稳态磁保持桥式脱离继电器
CN105869954A (zh) * 2016-04-30 2016-08-17 武汉理工大学 一种可旋转交流接触器
CN106059006A (zh) * 2016-07-22 2016-10-26 彭旭华 一种基于脱桥式双稳态继电器的锂电池管理系统及其方法
CN111816519A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-23 株洲国创轨道科技有限公司 一种伸缩装置及断路器系统
EP3754688A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-23 Carling Technologies, Inc. Relais de verrouillage haute tension avec actionneur manuel
WO2021008991A1 (fr) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Relais
WO2023237394A1 (fr) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-14 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Contacteur pour ouvrir et fermer un trajet de courant

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1970140A (en) * 1931-09-21 1934-08-14 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Switch control system and apparatus
DE2830390A1 (de) * 1978-07-11 1980-01-24 Gruner Gmbh & Co Relaisfabrik Relais
WO1998047164A1 (fr) * 1997-04-11 1998-10-22 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Mecanisme de declenchement pour un relais de surcharge
DE102009043105A1 (de) 2008-11-12 2010-05-20 Abb Ag Elektrisches Überlastrelais mit einer Kontaktbrücke
US20110057750A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2011-03-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Electronic overload relay

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1970140A (en) * 1931-09-21 1934-08-14 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Switch control system and apparatus
DE2830390A1 (de) * 1978-07-11 1980-01-24 Gruner Gmbh & Co Relaisfabrik Relais
WO1998047164A1 (fr) * 1997-04-11 1998-10-22 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Mecanisme de declenchement pour un relais de surcharge
US20110057750A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2011-03-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Electronic overload relay
DE102009043105A1 (de) 2008-11-12 2010-05-20 Abb Ag Elektrisches Überlastrelais mit einer Kontaktbrücke

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105609374A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2016-05-25 彭旭华 一种基于机械h桥的双稳态磁保持桥式脱离继电器
CN105869954A (zh) * 2016-04-30 2016-08-17 武汉理工大学 一种可旋转交流接触器
CN105869954B (zh) * 2016-04-30 2018-03-16 武汉理工大学 一种可旋转交流接触器
CN106059006A (zh) * 2016-07-22 2016-10-26 彭旭华 一种基于脱桥式双稳态继电器的锂电池管理系统及其方法
CN106059006B (zh) * 2016-07-22 2018-07-10 彭旭华 一种基于脱桥式双稳态继电器的锂电池管理方法
EP3754688A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-23 Carling Technologies, Inc. Relais de verrouillage haute tension avec actionneur manuel
US11232923B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2022-01-25 Carling Technologies, Inc. High voltage latching relay with manual actuator
WO2021008991A1 (fr) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Relais
CN111816519A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-23 株洲国创轨道科技有限公司 一种伸缩装置及断路器系统
WO2023237394A1 (fr) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-14 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Contacteur pour ouvrir et fermer un trajet de courant

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