EP2920515A1 - Simulation cfd d'un foyer à plusieurs brûleurs en tenant compte séparément des fractions de combustible et d'air provenant de chaque brûleur - Google Patents

Simulation cfd d'un foyer à plusieurs brûleurs en tenant compte séparément des fractions de combustible et d'air provenant de chaque brûleur

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Publication number
EP2920515A1
EP2920515A1 EP13798930.7A EP13798930A EP2920515A1 EP 2920515 A1 EP2920515 A1 EP 2920515A1 EP 13798930 A EP13798930 A EP 13798930A EP 2920515 A1 EP2920515 A1 EP 2920515A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
air
burner
mass flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13798930.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2920515B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Merklein
Bastian MERKLEIN
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2920515A1 publication Critical patent/EP2920515A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2920515B1 publication Critical patent/EP2920515B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/40—Simulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05006—Controlling systems using neuronal networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the combustion in a furnace, in particular a power plant or an industrial plant, wherein a plurality of burners are arranged in a burner layer and wherein at least a portion of the burner, a fuel and / or air mass flow can be adjusted. It may alternatively be arranged in the combustion chamber, even a single burner. There may also be multiple fuel and air inlets in a burner layer or in other geometry, e.g. vertical or spiral.
  • a local distribution of a parameter characterizing the combustion quality is determined by measurement in an overlying ignition / burnout region. Based on the local distribution, at least one area with an unfavorable quality with regard to the quality of combustion is identified.
  • the invention further relates to the use, i. the use of such a method of improving combustion in a fossil, i. fossil-fueled, thermal power plant or in an industrial plant.
  • Fire chambers are known in the art, e.g. Firebreaks in a fossil thermal power plant, in a rotary kiln or in any other thermal plant having a plurality of burners, e.g. eight, ten, 16 or 20.
  • the firebox typically has a rectangular or square cross section or the shape of a pipe.
  • the dimensions, such as the edge length of such a firebox can be in the range of 5 to 25m or even 5 to 50m.
  • the height of such a combustion chamber can even be in the range of 10 to 100 m, measured from the horizontal burner level, in which the burners are arranged circumferentially around the combustion chamber.
  • the respective burner air and the fossil fuel such as coal dust from lignite and / or hard coal, or natural gas, slightly offset from the geometric center to blow (see FIG 3).
  • the injection of the air / fuel mixture typically takes place at a small angle downwards in the range of 10 ° to 20 °, measured from the horizontal plane, leaving even more time for the mixing of the air / fuel mixture and the air is usually blown into the furnace pre-heated, wherein the fuel temperature is preferably in a range of 150 ° C - 200 ° C and the air temperature around 300 ° C.
  • the whole, not yet ignited air / fuel mixture is e.g. In coal dust-fired power plants to the furnace center thermally torn up.
  • this pyrolysis area which lies above the firing layer or burner layer, the entire not yet ignited air / fuel mixture is decomposed into its volatile combustible fractions by endothermic reactions.
  • the water still bound in the fuel evaporates.
  • the entire mixture ignites spontaneously from a temperature of about 600 °. Above a temperature of 750 ° C, the mixture even burns explosively.
  • coke i. E., Burns up in an overlying area extending into a burnout area.
  • quasi-pure carbon if there is enough oxygen left. This oxygen may e.g. be added in the form of air via additional fans in this Ausbrandebene to avoid the emission of unburned and carbon monoxide.
  • a ratio of 1 means that there is sufficient air and consequently also oxygen to completely and therefore optimally burn the fuel content there.
  • Combustion unfavorable areas are consequently areas with an air / fuel ratio of greater than 1, such as 1.2, which would correspond to a so-called “lean" air / fuel mixture
  • an air / fuel ratio of less than 1, such as 0.8 correspond to a "rich” air / fuel mixture. Consequently, there is too little air for combustion.
  • the local temperature distribution is another important factor, which mainly determines the speed of the combustion process.
  • Olfen is used for continuous processes in process engineering. It has a rotary tube which is slightly inclined in the longitudinal direction, so that feed material introduced from an inlet side is transported longitudinally along the rotating furnace tube to a discharge side. From the outlet side, the ignition of the fuel is achieved with burners, and set a suitable temperature profile in the oven via the burner. The heat is thus supplied from within the furnace, wherein the feedstock is in direct contact with the resulting flue gas. In at least part of the burners, the fuel and / or air mass flow can be adjusted to improve the quality of the combustion. In addition to the fuel and air quantities and their mixing especially the final temperature for the quality of the finished goods is an important parameter.
  • the rotary kiln has proven its worth from the stone and earth industry, the basic materials industry and the chemical and disposal sectors.
  • the products used for the thermal treatment of the rotary kiln are various bulk materials such as cement clinker, lime, dolomite, magnesite, chamotte, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, strontium and barium carbonate, kaolin, iron ore, quartz sand, petroleum coke, gypsum and many more ,
  • measuring devices are known from the prior art by means of which a local distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the ignition / burnout region can be determined by measurement.
  • these measuring devices allow a preferably horizontal section through the combustion chamber in the ignition / burnout area.
  • This cut or cut area can also be referred to as measurement plane or measurement plane layer. Consequently, a two-dimensional distribution of the prevailing air / fuel ratio can be determined for the combustion-relevant area in the ignition / burnout area.
  • this may e.g. is accomplished by a horizontally movable lambda probe, by means of which measurements are made at a plurality of measuring points in the ignition / burnout.
  • measuring devices are known from the prior art, such as eg laser grids or pyrometers, by means of which a local distribution of the temperature in the ignition / burnout region can be determined by measurement.
  • the temperature is another parameter characterizing the combustion quality. It mainly determines how fast the air / fuel mixture explodes more or less. The temperature develops with the available fuel and the air. The temperature should not be too high (typically below about 1400 ° C), otherwise the ash "Soft” and pollutes the boiler.In addition, environmentally harmful, so-called "thermal" NO x is formed.
  • laser grids are known from the prior art as measuring devices by means of which a local distribution of the CO, NCy, O 2 , CO 2 fractions or concentration values in the flue gas can be measured.
  • the respective share value is another parameter characterizing the combustion quality. The measurement is typically carried out where the combustion is virtually complete and where only slight absorption is present, ie in the ignition / burnout area and in particular in the burnout area.
  • the aforementioned measuring devices may also be combined with each other, e.g. for reasons of plausibility of the acquired measured values and / or for reasons of increasing the measuring accuracy.
  • an optical measuring method is used, e.g. a camera-based measuring method.
  • German patent application DE 197 10 206 A1 discloses a method and a device for combustion analysis and flame monitoring in a combustion chamber.
  • an image of a flame is taken and from spatially resolved intensities of the image for at least one predeterminable spectral range a spatial distribution of a parameter characterizing the combustion process determined.
  • An optical system of the device comprises a lens for detecting the flame and three downstream beam splitters. The bundle beams detected by the lens are divided by the beam splitters into a total of four spectral ranges and are each fed to a CCD image sensor.
  • European Patent Application EP 1 091 175 A2 discloses a method and a corresponding device for determining the excess air in a combustion process by determining the rates of formation of the reaction products CN and CO formed during combustion. Subsequently, the ratio of the determined formation rates is formed as a variable representing the excess air in the sense of an air / fuel ratio. At least four special cameras are provided for detecting the radiation intensities. On the basis of the metrologically determined local distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the ignition / burnout area, areas with combustion-technically unfavorable air / fuel ratio can be determined, such as areas with ratio values of greater than 1.2 or less than 0.8.
  • the mass air flow or fuel e.g. the fan speed of one of the fans is increased or decreased or by the injected fuel quantity is increased or decreased at a burner.
  • a part of the combustion chamber which is essential for a flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation is imaged in a numerical simulation model, divided into a multiplicity of volume elements.
  • the source of the fuel and air fractions originating from the respective burners is taken into account continuously and separately.
  • One of the metrologically determined local distribution is determined in the simulation model spatially appropriate distribution of the fuel and air fractions.
  • At least one burner is determined for the respective identified area of the relevant fuel and air fractions in order to improve combustion by correcting the respective fuel and / or air mass flow.
  • the air mass flow of the determined relevant responsible burner can be increased, such as by 5%.
  • the air mass flow can be corrected the more, the greater the measured air / fuel ratio is away from the optimal ratio 1.0.
  • the mass air flow of the determined authoritative burner can be reduced, such as at 10%.
  • the fuel mass flow can also be increased or decreased. From a technical point of view, it is in most cases advantageous to correct the air mass flow by changing the fan speed or suitable adjustable fan flaps. The fuel mass flow remains unchanged. If the respective burner has a fuel injection device for the fuel mass flow and at least one associated, separate fan for the air mass flow, then it is advantageous to change only the air mass flow of the fan.
  • the core idea of the invention is that in the numerical flow pyrolysis and combustion simulation for each "simulated" volume element, the respective burner-related origin of the injected fuel and the injected air are carried along and transferred to the next adjacent volume elements during the simulation may have a volume element, such as the dimensions 10cm x 10cm x 10cm, a fuel content of 5% of burner 1, 80% of burner 2, 10% of burner 4, etc., and an air content of 60% of the burner 3, 30% of burner 6 etc.
  • pyrolysis and combustion can be calculated stepwise for this volume element on the basis of the abovementioned origin-related components and other boundary conditions such as air temperature, fuel temperature, flow rates and pressures
  • the fuel and air fractions originating from respective burners are continuously and separately taken into account.
  • the origins of the fuels and airs can be qualitatively determined for each volume element. However, this is quite sufficient in order to be able to specifically correct the combustion in the metrologically detected areas with insufficient air / fuel ratio.
  • a substance is admixed to the fuel and / or the air for a respective burner.
  • the substance may e.g. be introduced at the input side of the respective burner, as e.g. in powder or in the form of granules. It can be input side, e.g. be introduced by means of a screw conveyor or blown there. Alternatively, the substance may also be at the exit side of the burner, i. be introduced into the air outlet of a fan of the respective burner or in the outlet of a fuel injector of the respective burner. It can also be blown there in powder form or in the form of granules or introduced by means of a screw conveyor. The substance can also be sprayed there in liquid form. In other words, the substance is introduced into the fuel and / or air mass flow of the respective burner. Alternatively or additionally, the substance can be injected in the gaseous state into the outlet of a fuel injector of the respective burner.
  • the substance leaves an (optically significant) trace of light during combustion in the furnace, whereby the local and temporal propagation of the substance is detected by means of an optical measuring system that is spectrally matched to the trace of light.
  • the propagation of the substance in the furnace is detected temporally and / or spatially by the optical measuring system.
  • An actual propagation of the fuel originating from the respective burner and the air originating from the respective burner in the numerical simulation model, which accompanies the actual propagation of the substance, is assumed as a boundary condition.
  • the data recorded by the optical measuring system of the individual traces of light for the respective fuel and / or air mass flows can be converted separately into spatial distributions and their propagation speed, divided into a multiplicity of volume elements.
  • the calculated traces of light of various fuel and / or air mass flows can then be stored in a tracer model.
  • the prevailing there Flow rate and direction of the combustion gases and how allocation to the fuel and / or air mass flows with respect to the various fuel and / or air inlets can be specified.
  • the substance is added not only to the fuel and / or the air for a single burner but for a plurality of burners.
  • Fuel ratio can be determined even more reliable and more targeted corrections to the fuel mass flow and / or air mass flow of at least one authoritative burner to optimize the combustion can be made.
  • Other metrologically detected quantities e.g. the temperature distribution, the distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the furnace and the mass flows are additionally deposited at the burners in the light track model.
  • a plurality of spectrally different luminous substances to be mixed simultaneously with the fuel and / or the air of different burners, so that the substances leave different optically significant traces of light during combustion in the combustion chamber, such as, for example, red, blue or green.
  • the local and temporal propagation of the substances can then be detected by means of an optical measuring system that is spectrally matched to the tracer tracks.
  • the optical measuring system can be used e.g. have a number of spectral filters that are tuned to the dominant emitted spectral line of the respective substance.
  • discoloration of a flame can be achieved with some substances.
  • lithium causes a red discoloration, sodium a yellow, barium a green and copper chloride a blue discoloration.
  • one or more spectral lines are generated in the spectrum.
  • substances are used which radiate with thermal excitation in the green or blue with high intensity, since they can then be separated and distinguished from the intense thermal radiation in the red and infrared spectral range with optical filters.
  • the characteristics characterizing the combustion quality can not be measured in all areas of the combustion chamber and the tracer analysis can not be evaluated for all areas.
  • the at least one authoritative burner is repeatedly and preferably cyclically determined and the respective fuel and / or air mass flow is corrected automatically.
  • a largely optimal combustion in the furnace can be accomplished automatically without human intervention.
  • the combustion chamber, the geometrical arrangement and orientation of the burners in the combustion chamber, their currently preset velocity injection vector, their respective currently preset value for the fuel and air mass flow and / or the current predetermined temperature of the respective fuel and air mass flow in numerical simulation model.
  • the flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation model is a Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation (CFD) model, which simulates the dynamic flow, pyrolysis and combustion processes in the firebox through fluid mechanical model equations such as Navier-Stokes -, Euler or potential equations describes.
  • CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
  • the use of such models has long been known and mature in fluid mechanics, such as in the engine area in aircraft or gas turbines in the power plant area. Due to the computer computation available today, accurate and at the same time fast modeling and simulation is possible.
  • a finite volume method is used for the approximate solution of the Navier-Stokes, Euler or potential equations of the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation model. Such a method is also widespread and recognized.
  • the parameter characterizing the quality of the combustion is an air / fuel ratio.
  • the parameter may alternatively be the reciprocal, ie be a fuel / air ratio.
  • the parameter may be a temperature which is detected by means of a pyrometer, a laser grating or by means of a horizontally movable temperature sensor.
  • the parameter may alternatively or additionally be the CO, NO x , 0 2 or CO 2 content or concentration value of the flue gas present in the ignition / burnout region. From these respective proportions or concentration values, it is finally possible to derive a value that represents the fuel / air ratio or air / fuel ratio.
  • a camera-supported method is used for the metrological determination of the local distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the ignition / burnout region.
  • the rates of formation of the chemical reaction products CN (cyanide) and CO (carbon monoxide) formed during combustion are determined, the ratio of the determined formation rates being formed as a variable representing the air / fuel ratio.
  • Combustion process is even more present, the more air surplus is present during combustion. In contrast to this, the more CO is present, the more lack of air there is in combustion.
  • the chemical reaction products are gaseous radicals that typically occur during a high-temperature process of more than 1000 ° C in the combustion of hydrocarbons.
  • CN and CO another suitable pairing for the representation of the air / fuel ratio can be used, such as from the amount of C 2 -, CH, CHOH, CHO, NH, OH or 0 2 -radicals.
  • the acquisition rates can be recorded, for example, by means of special cameras, to which an optical cut-off filter with a predefinable pass-band range for a characteristic see spectral line of the respective reaction product upstream.
  • an optical cut-off filter with a predefinable pass-band range for a characteristic see spectral line of the respective reaction product upstream As a result, a particularly high selectivity is possible with regard to the emission of a chemical reaction product.
  • a notch filter has a passband range in the range of about 5 to 20 nm.
  • the specific frequency band of one of the spectral lines for CO is in the range from 445 to 455 nm and for the reaction product CN (for cyanide) in the range from 415 to 425 nm.
  • the barrier filters may also have an IR filter, that is an infrared filter, upstream, to filter out a large part of the incoming heat radiation. Both filters can also be integrated in a single blocking filter.
  • the two formation rates such as preferably for CO and CN, are formed from the difference of a respective band radiation value and a respective thermal radiation value, the latter preferably by means of ratio pyrometry.
  • a common camera-assisted method is used for the metrological determination of the local distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the ignition / burnout region and for the optical detection of the luminous trace emitted during the propagation of the substance.
  • a camera-based method is e.g. from European Patent Application EP 1 091 175 A2.
  • copper chloride is used in combination with the measurement system disclosed therein to obtain the spatial association with the fuel and / or air outlets. On the temporal behavior of the tracer traces of copper chloride in the combustion chamber, the flow rate can also be estimated.
  • This measuring grid can thus be used both for the metrological determination of the local distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the ignition / burnout area and for detecting the light path and / or absorption track emitted during the propagation of the substance likewise in the ignition / burnout area.
  • the device comprises means for detecting an actual value of at least the current fuel and / or air mass flow of a respective burner.
  • she includes means for outputting a setpoint to an actuator for the fuel and / or air mass flow of a respective burner. Furthermore, it has measuring means for determining a local distribution in the ignition / burnout region of a parameter characterizing the combustion quality, in particular of the air / fuel ratio.
  • the device comprises computer-aided means for simulating reacting flows in a combustion chamber by means of a numerical flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation model for determining a spatially corresponding distribution of the fuel and air fractions spatially corresponding in the simulation model for identification of at least one local distribution Area with an unfavorable in terms of combustion quality characteristic, in particular with a combustion technically unfavorable air / fuel ratio, for determining the relevant at least one burner with respect to the simulated fuel and air fractions and for outputting a corrected setpoint for the fuel and / or air mass flow to the actuator a respective burner.
  • the actual value of the actual fuel mass flow may be e.g. indirectly derived from the speed of a burner upstream coal mill or directly from a gas meter with natural gas as fuel.
  • the air mass flow may e.g. derived from the fan speed of a fan as a separate part of a burner based on the technical characteristics of the fan.
  • the temperature values for the fuel mass flow and air mass flow may e.g. be detected by a temperature sensor.
  • the respective setpoint may be a numerical value, such as a percentage ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • a percentage of 0 may e.g. a set fuel mass flow of 0, i. In this case, the fuel supply of a burner is switched off. 100%, however, correspond to a maximum possible flow rate of the burner or the fuel injection device.
  • Computer-aided means preferably include a computer, e.g. an industrial PC in which several programs can be executed.
  • the simulation of reacting flows in the combustion chamber by means of the numerical flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation model, the determination of one of the metrologically determined local distribution in the simulation model spatially corresponding distribution of fuel and air fractions, the identification of at least one local area with a combustion unfavorable Air / fuel ratio, the determination of the relevant at least one burner with respect to the simulated fuel and
  • Air fractions and the output of a corrected setpoint for the fuel and / or air mass flow to the actuator of a particular burner is preferably carried out in the form of executable software programs and in the form of stored model data, the be executed or processed by a microprocessor of the computer-aided means.
  • the device has the means for detecting an actual value of at least the current fuel and / or air mass flow of a respective burner. It has the means for outputting a desired value to an adjusting device for the fuel and / or air mass flow of a respective burner. It also has means for individually controlling an admixer for admixing a substance in the fuel and / or in the air of a respective burner, wherein the substance leaves a trace of light during combustion in the combustion chamber.
  • the respective admixer is preferably electrically actuatable via the means.
  • the admixer may e.g. be a screw conveyor. It can e.g. a pressurized blow-in device via which the substance can be injected via an electrically controlled compressed air valve.
  • the device furthermore has a camera-supported measuring system for determining a local distribution of the combustion quality which characterizes the combustion quality in the ignition / burnout region and for the optical detection of a spectrally significant and locally and temporally propagating tracer trace.
  • the device has computer-aided means. They are provided for simulating reacting flows in a combustion chamber by means of a numerical flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation model and for taking over the actual propagation of the fuel originating from the respective burner and the air originating from the respective burner on the basis of the detected propagation of the tracer track as boundary condition in the numerical simulation model.
  • the computer-aided means are further provided for determining one of the metrologically determined local distribution in the simulation model spatially corresponding distribution of the fuel and air fractions.
  • the computer-aided means are also provided for the identification of at least one local area with an unfavorable with regard to the combustion quality parameter.
  • the computer-aided means are furthermore provided for determining the relevant at least one burner with regard to the simulated fuel and air fractions.
  • the computer-aided means are provided for outputting a corrected setpoint value for the fuel and / or air mass flow to the adjusting device of a respective burner.
  • the computer-aided means are adapted to repeatedly, preferably cyclically, determine the at least one authoritative burner and automatically output a corrected setpoint value for the fuel and / or air mass flow to the adjusting device of a respective burner.
  • the determination of the at least one authoritative burner can take place, for example, by examining the fuel and air fractions determined by the simulation model from the respective burners in the volume elements in the ignition / burnout region for maximum proportion values. This is preferably done only with the volume elements which correspond to the local distribution of unfavorable air / fuel ratios.
  • the firebox on the basis of which the reacting flows in a firebox are simulated by the computerized means, the firebox, the geometric arrangement and orientation of the burners in the firebox, their currently given velocity injection vector , their respective currently predetermined value for the fuel and air mass flow and / or the current predetermined temperature of the respective fuel and air mass flow shown.
  • the flow, pyrolysis, and combustion simulation model is a computational fluid dynamics simulation model.
  • a computational fluid dynamics simulation model is intended for the description of dynamic flow, pyrolysis and combustion processes in the combustion chamber through fluid-mechanical model equations such as Navier-Stokes, Euler or potential equations.
  • fluid-mechanical model equations such as Navier-Stokes, Euler or potential equations.
  • the use of a finite-volume method for approximating the Navier-Stokes, Euler or potential equations of the computational fluid dynamics simulation model is provided.
  • the measuring means for the metrological determination of the local distribution of the air / fuel ratio in the ignition / burnout region is realized as a camera-supported measuring system in which the formation rates of the chemical reaction products formed during combustion, such as CN and CO, can be determined. The ratio of the determined formation rates can represent the air / fuel ratio.
  • the measuring means may also comprise the movable lambda probe described above.
  • the respective burner is a concentrically constructed round burner. The respective burner may also include a fuel injector as well as an underlying and / or overlying fan. The object of the invention is further achieved by a device corresponding to the method according to the invention.
  • FIG 1 shows an example of a firebox of a power plant with eight burners in a firing layer, an exemplary embodiment of the burners in the firebox, each with a fuel injector and two associated fans, a plan view of the burner of FIG 2 with seven of the eight burners in operation, an example of a metrologically determined local distribution of an ignition / burnout in accordance with FIG 1 prevailing air / fuel ratio with four areas with combustion technically unfavorable air / fuel ratio, one of the local distribution according to FIG 4 locally corresponding distribution of the burners derived fuel and air fractions based on a numerical flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation model according to the invention, and an example of apparatus for performing the method according to the invention for correcting the fuel and / or air mass flow of the respective Bre men in a firebox.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a combustion chamber 1 of a power plant with eight burners 2 in a combustion layer E.
  • the combustion chamber 1 has a rectangular cross-section.
  • eight burners 2 are arranged in a common horizontal focal plane BE, in which air and fuel are blown through the burners 2.
  • P is an overlying pyrolysis area B
  • ZA is an ignition / burnout area. her whor area called.
  • Z itself an ignition area
  • A denotes a burn-out area.
  • reference numbers 5 designate measuring cameras which are arranged in a measuring plane M for the metrological detection of the ignition / burnout region ZA and, as it were, look into the combustion chamber 1.
  • the measuring cameras 5 are part of a camera-supported measuring system, which is provided for the metrological detection of a local distribution of the prevailing in the ignition / burnout ZA air / fuel ratio.
  • X, y, z are the axes of a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the focal plane BE and the measuring plane M are thus in an xy plane. Perpendicular to it is the z-axis.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the burner 2 in the combustion chamber 1, each with a Brennscherinblasvorraum 3 and with two associated fans 4. It is one fan 4 directly above and another fan 4 directly below the associated Brennscherinblas driven 3. Of the fans 4, only the quadrangular air inlet window and of the fuel injection direction 3 only a round, concentric opening in the combustion chamber 1 can be seen.
  • the Brennscherinblas driven 3 is also shown symbolized by a flame, even if in this firing layer E still no open combustion takes place. This takes place only in the ignition / burnout area.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the burner according to FIG. 2 with seven of the eight burners 2i-2 8 in operation.
  • air and fuel are injected slightly offset to the geometric center, in order to achieve a targeted turbulence and mixing of the air / fuel mixture.
  • m -m BS of the respective burner 2 2 8 injected fuel mass flow
  • m ⁇ t rh Ll -m Li of the respective burner 2i-2 8 injected air mass flow is called.
  • These physical quantities are time-dependent quantities with the unit kilogram per second (kg / s), symbolized by the point above the physical designation of the mass m.
  • Vi-v 8 the respective velocity bias vector is designated for both the air and the fuel.
  • Thenchseinbiasvektor iv 8 itself comprises three Cartesian, not further shown scalar velocity values v x, v y, v z, which are based on the underlying according to FIG 1 coordinate system x, y, z.
  • a common fuel temperature T B was entered for the injected fuel and a common air temperature T L for the air.
  • T B was entered for the injected fuel
  • T L common air temperature
  • the burner 2 4 is further shown in dashed lines. This symbolizes that the shown burner 2 4 is not in operation. Reasons for this may be a technical failure, revision work or a partial load operation.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a metrologically determined local distribution V R of an air / fuel ratio prevailing in an ignition / burnout zone ZA according to FIG. 1 with four regions G1-G4 with a combustion / combustion-unfavorable air / fuel ratio.
  • the shown two-dimensional representation in the xy-plane shows regions Gl-G4 with a combustion-technically unfavorable air / fuel ratio.
  • the hatched areas Gl, G2 show an air / fuel ratio of less than 0.8.
  • the air / fuel ratio in the sense of contour lines decreases still further, for example in the area center to a value of 0.6.
  • the unshaded areas G3, G4 show an air / fuel ratio of more than 1.2.
  • the air / fuel ratio in the sense of contour lines increases even further, for example in the area center to a value of 1.4.
  • 5 shows one of the local distribution of V R as shown in FIG 4 locally corresponding distribution V s of data originating from the burners fuel and air proportions A B iA B 8, A L iA L 8 on the basis of a numerical flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation model according to the invention.
  • the regions G1-G4 shown in FIG. 5, which extend in the raster of a volume element dV of the simulation model, correspond approximately to the regions G1-G4 in FIG.
  • the fuel components can be distributed approximately uniformly over all the burners 2.
  • it is particularly suitable to increase the air mass flow in this authoritative burner 2 with the 30% air content in order to improve the combustion there.
  • the areas G1-G4 are corrected one after the other with regard to the air mass and the fuel mass flow.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a device 10 for carrying out the method according to the invention for correcting the fuel and / or air mass flow m Bl -m BS , m L -m L% of the respective burners 2i-2 8 in a combustion chamber 1 11 are means for detecting an actual value IW, with 12 means for outputting a setpoint SW, with 13 measuring means and with 14 computer-aided means, such as a computer called.
  • the detected actual values IW are current air mass flow values m L -m L% , fuel mass flow values m B -m Bt and temperature measured values T B , T L received, eg via a power plant control system.
  • the measuring means 13 are realized in the present example by a camera-based measuring system with four cameras 5.
  • this system provides a local distribution V R of the measured air / fuel ratio ⁇ in the ignition / burnout region ZA, such as a two-dimensional data field ⁇ ⁇ corresponding to the xy plane of the measurement plane M.
  • the computer-aided means 14 exemplify as Data model deposited numerical simulation model CFD for the flow, pyrolysis and combustion simulation of the firebox 1 on.
  • the numerical simulation model the CFD are the respective burners 2 can be associated fuel and air proportions iA A B B 8, A L of L iA.
  • the computer-aided means 14 comprise an identification block ID in order to identify corresponding areas G1-G4 from the local distribution V R of the air / fuel ratios ⁇ ⁇ provided by the measuring system 13.
  • a comparison block CMP the computational means 14 now compares the fuel and air components A B iA B 8, A L A L 8 in volume elements dV, the locally corresponding to the identified regions G1-G4, with each other to the maximum and minimum level values back to the relevant burner 2 or determine the relevant Brennscherinblasvortechnisch 3 or the relevant fan 4.
  • a modified desired value ASW is output to the means 12 for outputting a desired value SW for the relevant burner 2, such as again via the power plant control system, for combustion by correction of the respective fuel and / or air mass flow m B , m L improve.
  • a predetermined waiting time such as 10 minutes
  • a check is made as to whether the output of the changed setpoint SW has led to an improvement of the combustion. This can be done iteratively until an optimum for the combustion has been found. Subsequently, the next identified area G1-G4 can be iteratively optimized in the same way.
  • the inventive method and the corresponding device 10 is particularly advantageous for cases in which one or more burners 2 have failed or deliberately not operated in the partial load range.
  • optimal combustion can be accomplished.
  • V R metrologically determined local distribution 26 local distribution in the simulation model

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'amélioration de la combustion dans un foyer (1) à plusieurs brûleurs (2), un débit massique de combustible et/ou d'air (ṁB , ṁL ) pouvant être réglé au moins en partie. Dans une zone d'allumage/combustion (ZA), on détermine par la mesure une distribution locale (VR) d'une grandeur (λ, T) caractérisant la qualité de la combustion. Sur cette base, on identifie au moins une région (G1-G4) dans laquelle cette grandeur caractéristique est défavorable du point de vue de la qualité de la combustion. On reproduit une partie du foyer essentielle à une simulation de l'écoulement, de la pyrolyse et de la combustion dans un modèle de simulation numérique (CDF), en la subdivisant en une pluralité d'éléments de volume (dV). Lors de la simulation de chaque élément de volume, on tient compte en permanence et séparément de l'origine des fractions de combustible et d'air (AB/AL) provenant des différents brûleurs. On détermine une distribution (Vs) des fractions de combustible et d'air correspondant localement à la distribution locale déterminée par la mesure dans le modèle de simulation. Pour chaque région identifiée, on détermine au moins un brûleur concerné par les fractions de combustible et d'air déterminées afin d'améliorer la combustion en corrigeant le débit massique respectif du combustible et/ou de l'air.
EP13798930.7A 2012-11-16 2013-11-14 Simulation cfd d'un foyer à plusieurs brûleurs en tenant compte séparément des fractions de combustible et d'air provenant de chaque brûleur Not-in-force EP2920515B1 (fr)

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DE102012022470 2012-11-16
DE102013000058 2013-01-02
DE102013002940 2013-02-20
PCT/EP2013/003415 WO2014075795A1 (fr) 2012-11-16 2013-11-14 Simulation cfd d'un foyer à plusieurs brûleurs en tenant compte séparément des fractions de combustible et d'air provenant de chaque brûleur

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EP2920515A1 true EP2920515A1 (fr) 2015-09-23
EP2920515B1 EP2920515B1 (fr) 2017-01-11

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CN109815594A (zh) * 2019-01-26 2019-05-28 新奥数能科技有限公司 一种确定煤改气的链条炉中燃烧器安装位置的方法和装置
WO2020255092A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-24 Onpoint Technologies, Llc Réglages automatiques de débit d'air dans des systèmes de combustion, et procédés associés
US11719435B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2023-08-08 Onpoint Technologies, Llc Combustion heater control system with dynamic safety settings and associated methods
US11732891B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2023-08-22 Onpoint Technologies, Llc Combustion system with inferred fuel and associated methods

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CN110686276A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2020-01-14 兖矿集团有限公司 一种分级燃烧的常压热水炉具及其使用方法
CN113779899B (zh) * 2021-08-30 2024-03-19 南京航空航天大学 一种基于化学反应器网络方法的燃烧室贫油点火极限预测方法
CN117216900B (zh) * 2023-09-11 2024-04-02 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种基于irc方法的液氧煤油发动机燃烧室建模方法

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CN109815594A (zh) * 2019-01-26 2019-05-28 新奥数能科技有限公司 一种确定煤改气的链条炉中燃烧器安装位置的方法和装置
CN109815594B (zh) * 2019-01-26 2022-12-27 新奥数能科技有限公司 一种确定煤改气的链条炉中燃烧器安装位置的方法和装置
WO2020255092A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-24 Onpoint Technologies, Llc Réglages automatiques de débit d'air dans des systèmes de combustion, et procédés associés
US11719435B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2023-08-08 Onpoint Technologies, Llc Combustion heater control system with dynamic safety settings and associated methods
US11732891B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2023-08-22 Onpoint Technologies, Llc Combustion system with inferred fuel and associated methods

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WO2014075795A1 (fr) 2014-05-22

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