EP2917424A1 - Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment - Google Patents

Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment

Info

Publication number
EP2917424A1
EP2917424A1 EP13791773.8A EP13791773A EP2917424A1 EP 2917424 A1 EP2917424 A1 EP 2917424A1 EP 13791773 A EP13791773 A EP 13791773A EP 2917424 A1 EP2917424 A1 EP 2917424A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
heat
fluid
building envelope
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13791773.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Julian BERCHTOLD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IIS Institute for Independent Studies GmbH
Original Assignee
IIS Institute for Independent Studies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IIS Institute for Independent Studies GmbH filed Critical IIS Institute for Independent Studies GmbH
Priority to EP13791773.8A priority Critical patent/EP2917424A1/fr
Publication of EP2917424A1 publication Critical patent/EP2917424A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • F24D3/148—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor with heat spreading plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S2080/03—Arrangements for heat transfer optimization
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building envelope, in particular a building wall, a floor and / or a roof, of a building with at least two spaced apart shells, one with the exception of supporting and / or building elements substantially empty or at least partially filled with porous, porous material , enclosed between the exterior and interior of the building sealed space between them. It further relates to a method for controlling the internal temperature in a building, which in particular has a building envelope of the type mentioned.
  • the function of a building envelope is the separation of a building between the building interior and its surroundings.
  • the inner boundary conditions consist of the use such as apartment, office, server room, machinery and equipment, the time course of the heating and cooling loads and their cycles as well as the specifications for indoor climate with respect to temperature, humidity and sound.
  • the outer boundary conditions consist of building statics, dynamics and mechanical influences, influences due to weather and climate as well as their temporal processes such as weather phases, climatic phases, day and night cycles.
  • the relevant building physics variables are heat, humidity and sound, their time course as well as the
  • vacuum insulation In addition to conventional insulating materials such as stone and glass wool, fiber and foam, systems with evacuated layers, so-called vacuum insulation, are increasingly being used. These are characterized by a small layer thickness with very high thermal insulation performance and form under difficult geometrical conditions good solutions with low
  • Cooling energy requirement can be reduced.
  • the invention is based on the object, a developed
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved method for adjusting the internal temperature in a building, which is also characterized by high overall energy efficiency. This task is in accordance with relatively independent manifestations of
  • the invention seeks to achieve access to overcoming the building physics challenges through a control and control philosophy. An attempt is made not to prevent the effects, but to integrate them into the concept of a building shell and control it in a controlled manner.
  • the building physics effects are coupled to the system and their handling is provided decentrally. Furthermore, the variable and dynamic intrinsic conditions and the inner and outer boundary conditions for the heat balance of a building are exploited.
  • Hulls that have a variety of functions to perform and / or are exposed to extreme external and internal conditions. These can external influences such as weather, climate or mechanical loads or from internal influences through processes or processes
  • a double-shell construction is the preferred solution for developing the degree of decoupling as a separating component between the outside and inside climate of a building.
  • the newly occurring static and dynamic loads within the building envelope require a high-performance building material that allows a versatile construction in an economical manufacturing process.
  • the system requires a control method that has a large number of newly emerging effects, such as temperature gradients,
  • the system presented here is optimized to the specifications of use (internal loads) and location (climate zone). This reduces the conventional Building technology. Furthermore, existing and induced physical effects within the building envelope are exploited by decentralized coupling to the building technology for the operation of the heat balance of a building.
  • the system summarizes the components 1. Vacuum Systems, 2. Active
  • the concept describes a building envelope / façade system and includes a two-or multi-shell construction, a supply technique and a method that allows for any alteration, control and control of the heat transfer through the building envelope (no curtain panels).
  • a vacuum can optionally be applied in the intermediate space of the construction, which is either formed as a cavity or filled with suitable, porous, open-pored materials.
  • joint and surface seals must be redeveloped, materialized and dimensioned.
  • a novel supply technology is needed, which attempts to integrate building services components of existing systems.
  • the system presented here directly influences the heating and cooling requirements via the building envelope and also allows the connection to conventional building services components.
  • additional effects temperature gradients within the walls, phase transitions in the gap
  • the building is considered as a system, whereby the building envelope, consisting of construction, supply technology and control procedure, forms a system component. This includes the approach of additional degrees of freedom via integrated capacities (heat, vacuum) and
  • Heat transfer media air, gas, liquids
  • This allows the maximum utilization of the system states for the heat balance of a building.
  • the present invention is not specifically concerned with ventilation, airflow or back ventilation, but is concerned with passive or active heat transfer through a wall construction by means of the devices and structures discussed in detail below to influence or control. It's not about heating or cooling a wall shell (and then "waiting" as heat flows inside the building envelope), but controlling the heat from outside to inside (active or passive)
  • closed systems that have closed circuits.
  • the present subject matter deals with an adaptation to a specific use or
  • climate zone taking into account that in principle there is a conflict regarding the concrete construction and a heating or cooling function (which will be explained in detail below). It should also be noted that the present invention does not deal with heat storage within a wall but with heat transfer from outside to inside (for example, from an external heat collector to a building interior).
  • the construction basically consists of (at least) two spaced shells which define a space fixed at a distance. This is filled by means of a porous, open-pore material or forms by means of spacers a cavity.
  • the intermediate space can optionally be evacuated (vacuum), ventilated with air or a gas, or with a
  • the shells which form a wall, ceiling or floor construction in structures or a housing of a plant or machine are made of a previously loose, flowable or liquid, shortly after installation in a shaping formwork /
  • Gussform solidifying building material made, which hardens after a certain time and its full strength (powder, pellets, dust, concrete, synthetic resin, etc.).
  • the structural shells are mainly used for statics and dynamic loads, but they can also carry a variety of other functions such as transport, storage and exchange of heat and moisture or protection against mechanical impact. To improve the static and dynamic
  • the full-surface material on the one hand include inclusions, pores or bulges or be provided with a porous, open-cell binding material, a non-woven or fine mesh grid.
  • the static, dynamic connection is created by the fact that the building material flows into the open pores during the installation process, hardens and bonds with the full-surface material.
  • this type of reinforcement can also be used to create this type of reinforcement.
  • the construction can be further prestressed by means of a steel reinforcement. This serves on the one hand to improve the static and
  • the steel reinforcement with a
  • heat-insulating surface paint and heated prior to the installation process (e.g., by electrical current).
  • a temperature difference between the building material and the steel reinforcement must be maintained until the building material begins to build up strength. Due to the subsequent, delayed cooling of both media can be achieved due to different length expansions a bias.
  • the construction consists of a
  • Heat transport in insulating materials takes place via the air / gas contained, by convection, gas heat conduction and free molecular flow.
  • Damping material (in this case we refer to it as support material) evacuated, the relationship between thermal conductivity of the porous, open-pored insulation / support material and the internal air and / or gas pressure must be considered.
  • the relation between pore size and internal gas pressure of the support material and the resulting thermal conductivity on the one hand should be designed and optimized with the use and climate exposure of the building on the other hand.
  • the intermediate space of the two-shell or multi-shell construction can now basically be formed in various ways.
  • Interspace be filled with a porous, open-pored insulation / support material, which is connected to train and pressure with the shells. If the gap is additionally evacuated, the
  • the porous, open-pored Support material in the space may consist of prefabricated panels of a rigid foam or a composite material made of fibers (glass fibers, synthetic fibers) and a binder / adhesive (concrete, synthetic resin), which is applied in a manner (in plate form or directly on the
  • this in order to increase the heat conduction by means of heat conducting liquid in the intermediate space and to allow a rapid change of states in the intermediate space, this can be formed as a cavity which is stabilized and fixed by means of spacers at a distance. The resulting forces due to negative pressure and overpressure in the gap determine dimensioning, materialization and the distribution of the spacers per m 2 in the area.
  • this can sleeves, solid or hollow rods made of a material with the highest possible strength and as low as possible
  • the spacer as a so-called.
  • Spacer be formed.
  • This can e.g. a previously evacuated, resin-sealed rigid foam, which has the required strength and has a low heat transfer coefficient.
  • the anchoring of the spacers in the shells by means of a previously built into the shells anchoring body, which is fixed by the installation of the building material through this.
  • the spacers must take on the following functions: On the one hand, they must absorb the static and dynamic tensile and compressive forces, which arise due to the different physical conditions in the intermediate space, and fix the shells at a distance. Because the
  • Spacers form a constant thermal bridge in the construction, they should on the other hand have the lowest possible thermal conductivity and form point-like contacts with the shells. This is achieved with a material with high strength and low thermal conductivity in order to make the execution as slim as possible.
  • the spacers must additionally the formwork / mold during the
  • a third variant for the formation of the gap is a combination of the two previous types of construction. This is now performed with a slotted or folded porous, open-pored support material, which thereby also has cavities for evacuation or filling with a liquid. This type of construction allows to induce different and mixed states in the space to the gas and
  • Gap can be achieved as a cavity. However, if this is evacuated, only a moderate thermal insulation value results due to the geometry. If, on the other hand, the intermediate space is filled with a porous, open-pored supporting material in order to minimize the heat transfer and evacuated, the states in the intermediate space can only be changed slowly due to the pore size. In addition, the introduction of a heat transfer fluid is limited, since it is difficult to completely remove (residual moisture). This inevitably means that the system must be specially designed in terms of use and climate zone. The choice and determination of the pore size of the support material and the
  • Design of the gap is to be determined and optimized on the basis of energy estimates for use and climate zone, so that an optimal U-value bandwidth is achieved.
  • the forces acting on the shells and spacers which are caused by the different states in the intermediate space, are at a maximum of 10 Mp / m 2 under pressure and 1 Mp / m 2 in tension per meter of water column. Added to this are dynamic loads caused by the alternation of vacuum, gas and fluid. In any case, the distance-stabilizing and fixing material in the space (support material, spacers) must absorb the resulting forces. In order to be able to further increase the heat transfer through the construction, the heat transfer (the heat absorption or heat release) of the
  • the gap is thus divided by means of a construction aid into individual compartments and sectors, which are separated from each other and their inner states in the intermediate space varies independently can be (vacuum, gas, bossitminutekeit). This serves the
  • the surfaces corresponding to the individual sectors can be applied with the measures to increase the heat transfer on the building surface as described in the previous section.
  • the interface between the gap and the shells may be sealed with a foil or plastic sheet, a sheet, with a resin or adhesive, or with a face seal that bonds to the building material.
  • a further embodiment of the construction involves a pipe circuit laid in one or both shells (eg Aluplast underfloor heating pipes) which can be traversed by a heat transfer fluid by means of liquid or circulating pumps to exchange heat in the shells and utilize their heat storage effective mass for the heat balance of the structure ,
  • the tubes may be arranged in a star, circle, spiral or loop shape in the shells of the construction.
  • the released heat of evaporation can also be utilized for the heat balance of the building.
  • the permeable tubes can also be placed in the space embedded in the support material. In this version, they can on the one hand as a feeder be used to regulate the air or gas pressure.
  • moisture can also be introduced into the support material through it. This induces physical effects such as increased heat conduction, better heat radiation behavior and a higher heat capacity within the support material.
  • a building shell is proposed, in particular a building wall, a floor or a roof of a building, with at least two spaced-apart shells, one with the exception of carrying and / or Gebburgetechnik instituten substantially empty or at least partially with porous, porous material sealed, sealed against the exterior and interior of the building space between them, wherein in the space a plurality of first part pipes is arranged, with a heat collector on the outside facing shell are connected and end in the space.
  • a plurality of first part pipes is arranged, with a heat collector on the outside facing shell are connected and end in the space.
  • Intermediate space arranged a plurality of second partial tubes, which are connected to the inner region facing shell, in particular a heat collector on the inner region facing shell and in
  • a central idea of this aspect is that through the sub-pipes a (adjustable) heat transfer from the outside and inside (and vice versa) can take place. It is essential here that a gap is sealed. As a result, a (heat-conducting) fluid can be introduced into the intermediate space. In combination with the (heat-conducting) fluid, an (adjustable) heat conduction can be made possible by filling the (heat-conducting) fluid into the intermediate space so that it can be connected to the first sub-pipe or the heat pipe (comprising the first and second sub-pipes ) adjoins.
  • the present aspect is therefore not concerned with providing pipes to allow heat storage within the building envelope, but rather to a heat transfer from an outside area (in particular outer heat collector) to an inner area (in particular inner
  • the two associated sub-pipes are therefore designed as two intermeshing sub-tubes.
  • an end section of a respective second sub-pipe is arranged within an end section of an associated first sub-pipe (non-contact).
  • an end section of each of a first sub-pipe can be arranged within an end section of an associated second sub-pipe (non-contact).
  • the partial tubes preferably engage with each other. A spacing of the assigned end sections from one another is preferred. This leaves a connection space through the
  • Spacing of the end portions is formed, preferably free (so that the associated end portions do not touch).
  • a (heat-conducting) fluid can penetrate into the sub-pipes via the connecting space, so that a heat-conducting connection between the end sections is realized.
  • the regulation of the heat conduction then preferably takes place in that the connecting space is thermally bridged by the (heat-conducting) fluid, in particular a heat-conducting fluid (or not - by removing the fluid).
  • connection space also have a (heat-insulating) seal.
  • a fluid-conducting connection between the associated sub-pipes is made possible, so that the corresponding heat pipe can realize a fluid transport (in particular a fluid circuit).
  • a liquid pump may be arranged in the first and / or second part of the tube, via the one
  • one end section of a second sub-pipe is arranged concentrically within an associated end section of a first sub-pipe.
  • a first part of the tube concentric within an associated end portion of an associated end portion of a second sub-pipe may be arranged.
  • a fluid circuit interacting with the outer and inner shell is realized by the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe can have a central pipe section, which preferably lies within a double-walled second pipe section (for returning a circulating fluid).
  • a regulation of the heat transmission can be carried out as follows.
  • the (heat-conducting) fluid can be introduced to increase the heat transmission in associated sub-pipes.
  • a liquid surface of a fluid formed as fluid can be adjusted at the level of (associated with) sub-pipes or above the (associated with) sub-pipes or above the (associated with) sub-pipes.
  • a (heat conducting) fluid can be removed from the sub-pipes.
  • a liquid surface of a fluid formed as a fluid at the level of (associated) sub-tubes or above (the associated with each other) sub-tubes can be adjusted.
  • a further embodiment of the construction includes so-called heat pipes or heat pipes, which can further increase the heat transfer through the construction.
  • the heat collectors (made of a highly thermally conductive sheet metal), arranged on the outside of the construction, are now in direct heat exchange with the immediate environment and can also forward the heat of direct sunlight to the connected to them, projecting into the shells and the gap pipe. As long as the gap is evacuated, there is no heat-conducting connection between the two tubes. Will now the
  • Thermal fluid in the space of the construction If the level is below the heat pipes, there is no increased heat transfer. If the level is above the heat pipes, there is an increased heat transfer. For improved emptying of the heat pipes by the heat transfer fluid, these can be provided either conically or with drain holes. In order to improve and increase the heat transfer through the rondleitminutekeit, this can be mixed with a beideleitmaterial and enriched. It is advisable to carry out the spacer in conjunction with the heat pipe. In order to increase the heat transfer of the heat collectors, the above measures for increasing the
  • Heat transfer can be applied to the surfaces.
  • Heat exchanger units as sources and / or sinks by the transport of a coolant and / or compression refrigeration and heat pumps.
  • Heat absorption and heat dissipation are integrated into the heat pipes at the surfaces and with a heat-minimized construction method. These can also be connected to the building services
  • the heat pipes serve a decentralized increase in the heat transfer in the building envelope. Coupling with conventional building technology can further increase the degree of decentralization.
  • the following measures increase the functionality and efficiency of the heat pipes:
  • their surfaces may be formed by rib or corrugated profiles.
  • these can be wrapped in spots or sections with a heat conduction (copper, aluminum) and connected to the heat pipe pipes or their heat collectors.
  • these can be additionally coupled to specially mounted heat sinks or heat-absorbing materials.
  • the geometry of the building surface must be optimized. If the focus is on low heating demand, the building architecture must form the smallest possible building surface. If the focus is on low cooling power requirements, the building surface should be maximized. The same applies to applications for machines and
  • the construction connections such as joints, joints, transitions or
  • Penetrations (pipes, pipes, cables) basically have the function of sealing individual components against one another, against the intermediate space, against the inner and / or outer space, against the building material or a metal sheet, a foil or a sealing sheet. Tightness must be achieved against vacuum, gas and liquid. It is clear that the system, extended to a whole structure, can never be made completely "tight.” The aim is not complete tightness, but a controllable, fixed leak rate, which can be optimized and minimized by means of the process For applying and maintaining the necessary vacuum and the resulting U-value bandwidth compared with the heating / cooling energy consumption in relation to the corresponding U-value bandwidth and energetically optimized ..
  • sealing points such as lip seals or O-rings
  • a simple example of a sealing point that can be subsequently influenced from the outside is, for example, the application of bitumen (in Form of geomembranes or roofing felt) above a groove, nose or simple increase between concrete and a sheet o .ä. If the sheet is heated from the outside, now the bitumen melts, flows into the hollow spaces, the groove or the like and seals the sealing point when cooling down. This process can be repeated as often as required, thus enabling control of the sealing point.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that the bitumen flows only down. Sealing points can thus not be sealed “upwards.” A sealing material is thus forced on, which under outer
  • Window gap to prevent the passage of heat and smoke. It can z. As heat, electromagnetic radiation, chemicals or mechanical forces can be exploited as a means of external influence.
  • the effect of heat on the sealing point can be done on the one hand by means of built-in construction leitblechen that allow the heat transfer from an externally accessible point or within the construction up to the sealing point.
  • the action on the sealing point now takes place by heating the leitbleches from outside the construction or by heating the same by means of the leitenbergkeit in the space or the pipe circuit in the shells.
  • heating wires can be integrated into the sealing material, which also from outside the
  • Construction can be operated. In this case, even a variable, controllable leak rate can be achieved. At the effect of
  • Electromagnetic radiation must be ensured that, externally applied, it is not shielded by the materials of construction.
  • either fine, permeable tubes may be incorporated into the sealant or the chemicals may be introduced directly into the gap of the design. In all these applications, cycle life must be ensured for repeated use.
  • the sealing material in the increase in volume a resin o. that would harden and so the sealing point further improved. This process should be repeated as often as you like.
  • the various construction connections are now designed so that an external impact on the sealing point is possible. Finally, the sealing process in three stages
  • the contact and sealing surfaces are joined together and possibly glued. They are then connected under the pressure of the shuttering pressure during the installation process (in certain cases, the sealing points can be acted upon during the installation process).
  • the design details describe how windows, doors, passages, connections and penetrations such as pipes and pipes on the one hand and steps, corners and ends on the other hand are integrated into the construction. They show how the problem of sealing is solved in every single case.
  • the various types of construction space with support material, designed as a cavity or folded support material
  • Thermal bridges are.
  • the surfaces can then be divided into sectors, as desired.
  • the components can be designed in a conical shape.
  • the transition or Completion of the construction may be closed or open in such a way that the cavity is closed to the entire cross-section with a sealing frame forming a reduced thermal bridge.
  • Gradients are actively influenced within the construction.
  • the heat transfer can be influenced and controlled.
  • the vapor pressure can be counteracted on the one hand with a vapor barrier (sheet metal, foil) on the inside of the intermediate space in order to prevent the condensation of moisture within the structure.
  • the accumulating moisture can be absorbed within the structure and actively transported by the system or used for the heat balance of the building. Due to the
  • the dew point is always outside the range in which moisture accumulates and could condense. It protects the system from moisture damage.
  • the design of the construction is designed for the use of the building and the climatic zone, it includes an optimized "pore size" of the support medium, which can range from a nano-millimeter scale to the open cavity, which can also be surfaces, ie the gap
  • the design-related effects such as low gas thermal conductivity in small pores or improved heat transfer fluid exchange rate for large pores, have to be estimated, weighed and optimized against each other.
  • the internal and external physical conditions of the manufacturing process are the same conditions as those of the liquid phase of water.
  • the building material should have the highest possible gas and vacuum tightness and a good heat and moisture management.
  • the introduction process of the flowable building material can either be done from above through the formwork / mold or pressed up from below and closed by impact slide.
  • the flowable building material is either with a pump (concrete pump) or with the help of a
  • Pressure equalization tank installed by means of hydrostatic pressure.
  • the second method may be necessary in certain cases, as the
  • Construction is to build a formwork / mold for each individual shell, on site or in elementary construction, and then to fill this with the building material.
  • the goal, however, is the construction and its
  • Support medium during the installation process liquid, sand, granules achieved in the space.
  • the levels of the Support medium and the liquid building material at any time at the same height Basically, the material density of the support medium must be in the order of the density of the liquid phase of the building material. Due to inertia, internal friction or frictional resistance on the surfaces, deviations in the density of the supporting medium can be imposed. If the support medium is a loose solid, it is not the density of the solid but its bulk density that determines how the manufacturing process is carried out. If a support liquid is used, an additive can be added which, when removed from the space, seals the inner surfaces of the shells. In order not to affect the heat transfer through the separating layer between the shells of the construction and the gap, this should be carried out with a material which has a good heat transfer. Below are various manufacturing and
  • Support material is filled, it is possible to dispense with a separation layer between the space and the shells, so that the building material in the installation process in the open pores of the
  • Incorporate support material can connect with this and solidify.
  • the separation layer between the shells of the construction and the open pores of the support material is formed on the penetration depth of the building material in the support material. It must be ensured that the composite of the support material with the solidified building material can absorb the resulting surface forces (train, pressure). Since the separation layer forms the sealing surface between the support material and shells of the construction, it must achieve as high a tightness as possible.
  • the enforced with the cured building material solid state scaffold prevents and prevents the formation of cracks in the mentioned area.
  • the tightness of the separating layer can be further increased, if any additives are added to the concrete (synthetic resin, silicone, oil or similar). In this case there are two possibilities. On the one hand, the chemical and physical properties of the additive (density,
  • the additive is now again at the liquid front and can thus form the release layer by curing at a certain penetration depth.
  • the penetration depth can be determined by the pore size of the support material, the
  • Formwork pressure or the viscosity of the liquid building material or additive are controlled. If the separation layer is formed in this way, in addition also creates an increased steam or moisture brake.
  • fine metal flakes for example of a foil or aluminum
  • whose size is smaller than the pore size of the support material should be added to the additive.
  • Support material penetrates into the space, the building material, a setting or hardening accelerating additive can be added, which is activated upon contact with the surface of the support material.
  • the additive may also be a two-component chemical.
  • the first component is previously applied to the support material, wherein during the installation process the second component comes into contact with the first, can react and harden.
  • the gap is formed as a cavity, there are several possibilities for its production. On the one hand, on the
  • Reinforcement of a shell a solid support material are applied over its entire surface, whose strength corresponds to the distance of the gap.
  • This support material has the property that, after the insertion process of the building material in the formwork / mold whose chemical or physical properties can be changed in a way from the outside, so that it becomes fluid or liquid and in this way the space of
  • Support material can be emptied. It can do this e.g. a wax or the like, which can be melted out by raising the temperature in the bowls (possibly a salt or ice can be used).
  • the support material can also be a compacted, in plate form
  • Sand that is shaken out / vibrated or a material (Styrofoam o. ⁇ .) Which can be rendered fluid with a liquid (aussatz).
  • Another installation method requires the possibility of using a
  • Solidification process of the building material at the interface to the gap to be able to influence and accelerate this. This presupposes that the building material, in the flowable phase, solidifies faster or immediately in contact with a solidification-accelerating liquid / substance (hardener, setting accelerator, solidification accelerator).
  • a solidification-accelerating liquid / substance hardener, setting accelerator, solidification accelerator
  • hydrostatic pressure of the building material is introduced, is now offset with the solidification accelerating substance. It is introduced during the installation process at the same speed as the flowable building material. It should be noted that the level of the building material at any time is slightly above the level of the supporting liquid. The flowable building material permeates Now during the installation process, the fleece / net and get in contact with the
  • the fleece / net can be wetted or impregnated beforehand with the hardening accelerating liquid ("hardener") During the installation process, the flowable building material then solidifies as it passes through the fleece / net.
  • hardener the hardening accelerating liquid
  • a support liquid can be used to control the penetration depth of the flowable building material into the pores of the support material.
  • An alternative production method uses a granulate (granules, glass beads or the like) as a support medium, which has a low indoor or
  • the release layer is formed as above or it must be between the shells and the gap a sheet, foil, fleece or a surface seal that connects to the building material attached.
  • the support medium an oil or similar. be added so that the granules do not adhere to the release layer, or it can be intentionally incorporated into the release layer.
  • the advantage of this method is that the appropriate density, in this case the bulk density, is easy to achieve.
  • Construction apply. On the one hand, it can be made entirely in elemental construction, the size and weight of the elements being determined by their transportability.
  • the advantage of the element construction lies in the good control of the quality of the
  • the disadvantage is many and long sealing points of the elements with each other when mounting the building envelope on the site, which has a negative effect on the leak rates.
  • the construction can be fully assembled and fabricated on-site.
  • the advantage in this lies in the reduction of the number of sealing points.
  • the disadvantage is the difficult control of the quality of workmanship within the building envelope and difficult conditions on the building site.
  • Manufacture of the construction is a process that takes place between the element construction and the construction on site.
  • the construction is in so-called.
  • the supply technology which accomplishes the function and the operation of the system, consists on the one hand of machines and aggregates, which produce vacuum, convey and compress air or a gas or pump and circulate liquids (vacuum pumps, compressors, liquid and circulating pumps).
  • piping and piping systems are required, which can be equipped with valves, controlled and switched on and off.
  • gauges and sensors temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.
  • the supply technology includes storage tanks, such as simple water and liquid storage tanks, which are conventionally used in building technology.
  • the supply technology includes storage tanks, such as simple water and liquid storage tanks, which are conventionally used in building technology.
  • Vacuum storage tank needed to increase and generalize the function and efficiency of vacuum pumps.
  • the transport and storage medium associated with storage containers generates static or mobile capacities of heat and vacuum which the system exploits to function.
  • apparatuses and devices of the supply technology can be coupled to conventional building services systems (heating, cooling, heat pumps, etc.) and thus exploiting newly resulting synergies for the heat balance of the building, structure, machine or plant.
  • the extension of the supply technology consists of permeable or air-, gas- or liquid-permeable pipes. These are star, circular, spiral or loop-shaped in the shells of the construction, in the
  • the tubes are used to apply the vacuum in the support material, they must be permeable to air or gas. In order to be able to further influence the thermal conductivity of the support material, moisture can also be added or removed with the permeable tubes.
  • the extension of the supply technology consists in a device that is installed in the storage tank (water, vacuum) and allows for a given constant pressure to allow a large volume change (inflow or outflow).
  • a part of the boundary surface of a storage container (end wall) is designed as a membrane, which is anchored with a mechanical power source (spring element).
  • the storage container can thus change its volume and this by means of the mechanical power source at a constant predetermined pressure (for example, depending on the force curve of the spring). This allows the exchange of a large volume of the storage medium (air, gas, liquid) at constant pressure (filling or draining) and is used to flush the space of the construction.
  • a vacuum capacity can be released without requiring a vacuum pump.
  • the procedure section describes their use in more detail.
  • the efficiency of the device is directly related to the ratio of the volumes to be exchanged.
  • the characteristic of the mechanical power source (spring element) can be chosen and designed so that they
  • pressure difference of the liquid column in the building compensates.
  • These pressure-controllable diaphragm storage containers can also be designed hydraulically or hydropneumatically and connected in parallel or in series.
  • the extension of the supply technology consists of a device which is placed in the space of the construction and allows the transport medium for heat (heat transfer fluid) over the inner surface the shells overflow in the intermediate space.
  • the device includes a pipe end piece which covers a certain area of the inner surface and distributes the liquid uniformly over the surface.
  • the device includes a collecting vessel, which catches the overflowing liquid again. The liquid flows from top to bottom over the surface.
  • the extension of the supply engineering consists of a device for installation of heat exchange units in the space of the construction; either in the cavity or embedded in the support material.
  • the extension includes fixtures and connectors to the
  • the method which handles the function and operation of the system of dynamic thermal insulation and heat exchange with the help of the supply technology, basically performs the following tasks.
  • the space of the construction evacuated and a full-surface, continuously variable
  • Vacuum applied This reduces the heat transfer through the construction and thus increases the thermal insulation of the building, structure or plant.
  • the respective construction design and the associated leakage rate of the construction connections determine which vacuums and thus which minimum heat transfer coefficients and U-values can be achieved with the building envelope.
  • the method accomplishes aerating, filling or pressurizing the gap with air, an air mixture or a gas. This can be done with the help of the extension of the supply technology at constant pressure. As a result, on the one hand increases the heat transfer through the construction and on the other hand, so the gap can either be enriched with moisture or rinsed and freed from it.
  • Storage fluid is introduced into the space of the construction and filled with it, which reduces the thermal insulation of the building.
  • Input signals of the measuring devices and sensors in output signals, which in turn control the components and elements of the supply engineering such as valves, pumps, etc.
  • control of the process is aimed at the planning of the building or the system as already explained on the internal use and on the climate zone and optimized.
  • control of the process is aimed at the planning of the building or the system as already explained on the internal use and on the climate zone and optimized.
  • the individual states can be converted into one another more energy-efficiently.
  • the method can be described with a basic cycle and its extensions.
  • the basic cycle begins with the evacuation of the gap and the application of the vacuum up to a certain predetermined value. Then the space with air, one
  • Air mixture (contained moisture) or a gas vented and
  • Filling process of the liquid can be done either by pumping or sucking in by means of vacuum.
  • To return to the initial state To return, the space is emptied of the heat transfer fluid. Since after emptying residual liquid in the form of drops and
  • the phase transition is induced either by a temperature or pressure difference. d.
  • the determination of the method depends on the design of the intermediate space of the construction. Two basic types of construction, the space formed with a support material or as a cavity are possible. Next play pore size and geometry down to the
  • Embodiment of the cavity a role. All of these aspects have a direct influence on how the control process is set up and thus how and what heat and moisture levels for the heat balance of a
  • the vacuum forms as well as the filling with air, a gas or the heat transfer fluid rather slowly.
  • the limiting factor of the cycle period is the pore size of the
  • the spacers, the heat pipes and the sector subdivision must be executed in concave or conical form or contain special holes that facilitate the emptying.
  • the surface tension of the heat transfer fluid should be reduced with special additives or external influences, which is the
  • the gap is made with a slotted, creased, porous or open-pored support material or the like, depending on the surface treatment of the separation layer toward the shells, two or more different physical states may be induced in the gap. This on the one hand due to the spatial arrangement and the Geometry and on the other hand due to the delays in the formation of the states.
  • This type of construction is suitable for special applications.
  • the expansion of the method refers to the extension of the construction (orientation-dependent sector subdivision of the building envelope) in the
  • the corners and transitions within the construction are evacuated or vented to a suitable extent, but not filled with the heat transfer fluid. If necessary, they can be executed with a different design type.
  • the extension of the method relates to the extension of the construction
  • any amount of heat can be displaced and transported within the building by heat transfer from the shells through the tubes to the heat transfer fluid.
  • this allows the inertia of the heat transfer due to the heat capacity of the building material to be bypassed or accelerated through the construction.
  • various resulting heat differences and temperature gradients in the shells of the construction for the heat balance of the building can be exploited.
  • the heat transfer can be increased in the same.
  • the extension of the process involves the extension of the design (heat pipes) in the control cycle.
  • the function of the heat pipes is based on two levels of heat transfer fluid in their immediate environment in the interspace. If the level is below or outside the heat pipe pipes, the heat transfer through the
  • the extension of the procedure relates to the extension of the
  • Coolant either in the pipes of the pipe circuit or directly in the space of the construction, be used for the exchange of heat amounts.
  • Design types and supply technology components can be combined with the control method arbitrarily and coupled together, which then results in a single extension of the process.
  • various control modes can be defined. These basically consist of a thermal insulation and a heat exchange mode. In this case, the thermal insulation or the heat exchange of the building envelope is increased by the control method in each case. The goal is to control and change the U-value bandwidth. Next offers a so-called. Rinse routine that removes moisture in an active process from the gap. On the one hand it may be moisture in the space of the construction, which has arisen due to condensation, or by liquid residues of thetechnikleitminutekeit, which was previously removed from the space exist.
  • the control method in this case exchanges air or a gas in the space of the construction. In this case, pressure-controllable membrane storage containers (extension of the
  • the construction, the supply technology as well as the control procedure form parts of the building as a system.
  • the various extensions of the design, the supply technology and the control method form system degrees of freedom, which can be coupled, exploited or interconnected. In this way, the system of dynamic thermal insulation and heat exchange of structures and installations can exploit in different ways resulting effects for the heat balance.
  • the system presented here is energy-optimized prior to planning through validation and system design.
  • the parameters to be considered are use and climate exposure of the building on the one hand with the
  • FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a clam shell building wall
  • Fig. 2 shows a further partially cut perspective
  • Fig. 3 shows a further partially cut perspective
  • FIG. 4 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a clam shell building wall according to a
  • FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a clam shell building wall according to a
  • FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a clam shell building wall according to a
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a
  • FIG. 8a is a simplified schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the building envelope according to FIG. 8
  • Fig. 8 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a
  • Fig. 8 c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show schematically in partially sectioned
  • Interspace 13, 23 and 33 enclose between them.
  • these each have a reinforcement, which is designated separately only in Fig. 2 with the numbers 21 c, 21 d.
  • the gap 13 is filled with a porous, open-pored insulation or support material 15, which also introduced in plate form and then at the same time a support function with respect to the wall shells 1 1 a, 1 1 b may have.
  • the gap 23 is substantially empty, except for a plurality of spacers 25, the wall shells 21 a, 21 b on on the
  • Building wall 30 of FIG. 3 contains in the space 33 slotted or rebated plates 35 of porous, open-pored support material.
  • FIG. 4 to 6 are each schematically illustrated embodiments of the invention, starting from the above-described constructions shown in FIG. 2 and the same elements with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 2.
  • intermediate space 23 of the construction as shown in FIG. 4, various sections are separated fluid tightly by partitions 27, and the individual sections (not separately designated) are provided with separately controllable conduits 28 for introducing or discharging a fluid and controlling the heat transfer or heat transfer through the Building envelope 20A provided in each of the sections.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment, a building envelope 20B in which both wall shells are thermally controllable or, for instance, as
  • Heat collectors usable wall shells 21 a ', 21 b' are modified, in which pipe coils 28 'are arranged for passing a heating or cooling liquid.
  • Fig. 6 shows a building envelope 20 c, in which a plurality of each one spacer element 25 associated, spaced heat pipes 29 is arranged between the two (by the
  • FIG. 7 shows a section of a building wall 70 of the basic type shown in FIG. 2, that is to say a two-shell wall construction with spacers.
  • Both wall shells 71, 72 each comprise a reinforcement 71 a, 72 a, in a building material 71 b, 72 b, inner coating 71 c, 72 c and finally an outer form or mold 71 d, 72d.
  • a shuttering anchor 75 which is fixed on both sides with a respective clamping nut 75a, 75b.
  • a normal O-ring 76a and on the other hand under a volume of external energy (heat, radiation o
  • Gap 73 inwardly and outwardly in the region of the penetration of the shells 71, 72 shown by the formwork anchor 75.
  • Fig. 8 shows another clam shell building envelope 80.
  • This structure is basically similar to that of the building wall 20C of Fig. 6, also here however, no reference is made to FIG. 6 in assigning reference numerals.
  • Two wall shells 81, 82 which enclose a gap 83 between them, are also held here by spacers 84 at a defined distance.
  • the wall shells 81, 82 each again have a reinforcement 81 a, 82 a in the building material 81 b, 82 b and have on the inside each a separating
  • each of the sub-pipes 85a, 85b is provided with a heat collector 85c, 85d on the respective wall outside of the shell 82, 81, respectively.
  • each of the sub-pipes 85a, 85b is associated with a rosette 85e or 85f, and each sealing and fastening rosette is opposite to the adjacent one
  • Inner wall coating of the respective wall shell with a volume-increasing seal 85 g or 85 h provided the above-mentioned type and function.
  • the seals already shown in FIG. 7 (O-ring or volume-increasing seal) on the spacer are also available in this embodiment; they are designated here by numbers 84a and 84b, respectively.
  • Fig. 8a is a simplified representation of the embodiment according to Figure 8 for further explanation of the essential features.
  • the sub-pipes 85a, 85b are concentrically arranged (at a predetermined interval) and guided into each other. As can be seen from FIG. 8 a, the sub-pipes 85 a and 85 b do not touch each other and protrude into the interspace 83 only to a certain extent.
  • the sub-pipes 85a, 85b may be made of a good heat-conducting material such as aluminum, copper or
  • the heat collectors 85 c, 85 b are on the outside of the heat collectors 85 c, 85 b (preferably made of a thermally conductive sheet) are on the outside of the heat collectors 85 c, 85 b (preferably made of a thermally conductive sheet) are on the outside of the heat collectors 85 c, 85 b (preferably made of a thermally conductive sheet) are on the outside of the heat collectors 85 c, 85 b (preferably made of a thermally conductive sheet) are on the outside of the
  • Construction arranged and in direct exchange with the immediate environment and can pass the heat from direct sunlight to the connected with them, in the shells and the gap x 82 projecting sub-tube.
  • Gap 82 is evacuated, there is no heat-conducting connection between the sub-pipes 85a, 85b. If now the intermediate space 83 is touched with a heat conducting liquid, this results in an increased heat transfer from one partial tube 85a to the other partial tube 85b. This creates a passive thermal bridge within the structure and increases (significantly) the heat transfer. Overall, the heat pipe 85 bridges the gap 83 between the wall shells 81, 82 and in particular the separating layers 81 and coatings 81 c, 82c. If the heat-conducting liquid is now emptied again from the intermediate space 83, the additional heat transfer within the construction is dispensed with. Since the sub-pipes 85a, 85b do not touch, there is no longer any thermal bridge within the structure (with the gap 83 empty).
  • the function of the sub-pipes 85a, 85b is thus dependent on two levels of a heat fluid in the intermediate space 83. If the level is below the
  • Partial pipes 85a, 85b (or the heat pipe 85) is not elevated
  • the spacer 84 may be designed in conjunction with the heat pipe 85.
  • FIG. 8b shows an alternative embodiment of a building envelope.
  • FIG. 8b Basically, the embodiment according to FIG. 8b is like the
  • a partition 86 is provided around the sub-pipes 85a, 85b.
  • the partition wall 86 is formed in a concrete case (other structures are possible) as a cylinder around the heat pipe 85 around.
  • the partition 86 is at sealing and
  • the (cylindrical) partition wall 86 defines a liquid reservoir 87 into which heat liquid can be introduced (and removed again).
  • a cross section of the partition wall 86 is double S-shaped.
  • the partition wall 86 may have a central portion which is offset from the edge portions radially inwardly.
  • FIG. 8c shows a further embodiment of a building envelope.
  • the embodiment has the structure of the embodiment according to FIG. 8b, in particular with regard to the partition wall 86.
  • the heat pipe 85 is formed differently from the embodiment according to FIG. 8b.
  • the sub-pipe 85a includes a sub-pipe section 85a1 and a sub-pipe section 85a2 disposed concentrically around the sub-pipe section 85a1.
  • the sub-pipe sections 85a1, 85a2 respectively project into the clearance 83 and are (partially) disposed within sub-pipe sections 85b1, 85b2 of the second sub-pipe 85b.
  • a distance between the sub-pipe sections 85a1 and 85b1 and 85a2 and 85b2 is sealed by sealing elements 86a, so that the sub-pipes 85a, 85b are fluid-tightly interconnected.
  • a liquid pump 88 is provided, which realizes a liquid circuit according to the arrows in Figure 8c.
  • FIGS. 8a, 8b use passive heat conduction.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 8b is particularly advantageous when the intermediate space 83 is evacuated or filled with a porous, open-pored insulating / supporting material.
  • FIG. 8c operates with active heat conduction.
  • liquid is transported within the heat pipe 85 from the heat collector 85c via the double-walled design of the heat pipe 85 through the construction to the heat collector 85d (and via the sub-pipe sections 85b1 and 85a1 in the reverse direction).
  • Fig. 9 shows schematically in the manner of a simple flow chart, as
  • Embodiment of the method according to the invention a flow to achieve a used or increased heat exchange through a building envelope of the type described above.
  • the space of the construction has a specific configuration (porous, open-pored support material - cavity) and a specific
  • the initial state can also be inserted within the process sequence to define the gap for the
  • the step “apply vacuum” lowers the pressure in the intermediate space by means of a vacuum pump or by pressure equalization with a storage or pressure-controllable diaphragm storage container up to a predetermined value Depending on the moisture content of the air or gas contained, by the step “create vacuum” of Phase transition liquid-gas liquid are induced.
  • pressure controllable membrane storage container or by "sucking in” by the vacuum the space with the heat transfer medium.This may be air with a predetermined moisture content, a gas or a liquid.
  • the step "empty heat transfer medium” empties the intermediate space by means of pumps, by pressure equalization with a storage or pressure-controllable membrane storage container or by suction by means of another
  • FIG. 10 shows, in an analogous manner, the course of a rinsing routine with which the interstice of the building envelope is freed from a preceding process flow at constant pressure of moisture or residual gas and which can be inserted at various suitable points into process sequences.
  • the process starts with a step of determining the residual moisture in the gap and comparing it with a set point, in the result of which it is decided whether to execute a flushing routine. If this is the case, then a "apply vacuum” step follows (as described in the previous process.)
  • the “rinse” step exchanges the volume of air, gas or liquid in the gap at given, constant pressure conditions. This is e.g. with the help of previously evacuated or on certain
  • Pressure conditions prepared diaphragm storage containers executed that exchange the volume in the space one, two or more times under constant pressure. This is a pressure difference between
  • FIG. 11 shows a somewhat more complex process sequence in comparison with FIG. 9, in which a decision for one of the available options "reduce heat transfer?" Or “increase heat transfer?" Is given at the beginning. is taken. Both depending on the decision made subsequent sub-routines are shown here somewhat simplified, and the representation is essentially self-explanatory due to the label. It is also noted in the figure that expediently a flushing routine of the type outlined in FIG. 10 can be inserted at certain points.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show sections of a cross section of a
  • a gap 1 is filled with a porous, open-pored insulation / support material 15.
  • Additive 12 is used to form a release layer.
  • the additive 12 has a lower density than the building material (eg concrete) 3 and hardens relatively quickly. Due to its low density, the additive 12 remains above the building material 3.
  • the additive 12 penetrates a reinforcement 4, so that a separating layer 18 is formed in the intermediate space 1.
  • the reference numeral 5 denotes a formwork or casting mold.
  • the insulating / support material may comprise a plurality of plates, which are arranged side by side via a joint 16.
  • an air line 17 (as a recess in the insulation / support material) may be provided.
  • the separating layer 18 forms a surface seal between the im
  • Arm istgitter 4 is a fine-meshed nonwoven 2 on.
  • the building material 3 in its flowable phase
  • a supporting liquid or a granulate (added with setting-accelerating additive 8) solidifies he comparatively quickly.
  • the liquid 8 is introduced during manufacture at the same speed as the flowable building material 3, so that a liquid level 9 of the supporting liquid or of the granulate 8 is located a little below the level 10 of the building material 3.
  • Reference numeral 6 is characterized cured building material, which has penetrated the web 2.
  • the reference numeral 7 denotes a mirror plane of the figure of FIG. 13.
  • the reference numeral 5 denotes a formwork or mold.
  • Fig. 14a shows various schematic cross-sections of seals whose volume can be changed.
  • the schematic representation under (a) in Fig. 14a shows a seal 85g, the volume of which can be increased by heat through politiciansleitbleche 141, 142.
  • the heat conduction plate 141 is, for example, a heat conduction plate which is connected to the outside.
  • sauceleitblech 142 is for example a soupleitblech, the
  • Sector division is provided inside the construction.
  • the volume of the gasket 85g is increased by a heat effect resulting from the heating of an electric conductor 143 inside the gasket 85g.
  • the gasket 85g is enlarged by the action of a chemical contained within a (permeable) pipe 144.
  • the tube 144 is provided inside the gasket 85g.
  • Sealing material by the action of electromagnetic radiation increases.
  • Fig. 14b shows a section of a cross-section of a building envelope with several seals 85g.
  • the diameterleitbleche 141, 142 are sealed against each other via a seal 85g.
  • Further seals 85g are provided between sealing rosette 85e and reinforcement 82a. Still other seals 85g are on
  • 14c shows a section of a cross-section of a building wall with a seal 85g (for example for a sector subdivision) in a case in which the interspace 83 is filled with a porous, open-pored insulating / supporting material.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une enveloppe de bâtiment, en particulier un mur, un sol ou un toit, comportant au moins deux peaux situées à une certaine distance l'une de l'autre, qui renferment entre elles un espace intermédiaire étanche vis-à-vis de l'extérieur et de l'intérieur du bâtiment, sensiblement vide à l'exception d'éléments de support et/ou d'éléments techniques ou au moins rempli dans certaines parties d'une matière poreuse à pores ouverts, une pluralité de tubes caloporteurs étant disposés dans l'espace intermédiaire. Lesdits tubes caloporteurs sont reliés à un collecteur thermique situé sur la peau orientée vers l'extérieur et se terminent dans l'espace intermédiaire.
EP13791773.8A 2012-11-08 2013-11-07 Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment Withdrawn EP2917424A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13791773.8A EP2917424A1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2013-11-07 Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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EP12191806 2012-11-08
EP13791773.8A EP2917424A1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2013-11-07 Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment
PCT/EP2013/073238 WO2014072385A1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2013-11-07 Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment

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US8919057B1 (en) 2012-05-28 2014-12-30 Tracbeam, Llc Stay-in-place insulated concrete forming system
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US20180320906A1 (en) 2018-11-08
US20200378620A1 (en) 2020-12-03
US20200378621A1 (en) 2020-12-03
US11592189B2 (en) 2023-02-28
US11573011B2 (en) 2023-02-07
US20210215351A1 (en) 2021-07-15
US10746413B2 (en) 2020-08-18
US11629862B2 (en) 2023-04-18
US10962236B2 (en) 2021-03-30
WO2014072385A1 (fr) 2014-05-15
US20200378619A1 (en) 2020-12-03
US11608991B2 (en) 2023-03-21
US20150276233A1 (en) 2015-10-01

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