WO2011107731A1 - Isolation dynamique - Google Patents

Isolation dynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011107731A1
WO2011107731A1 PCT/GB2011/000276 GB2011000276W WO2011107731A1 WO 2011107731 A1 WO2011107731 A1 WO 2011107731A1 GB 2011000276 W GB2011000276 W GB 2011000276W WO 2011107731 A1 WO2011107731 A1 WO 2011107731A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dynamic insulation
air
optionally
heat transfer
insulation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2011/000276
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Brown
Andrew Peacock
Original Assignee
Energyflo Construction Technologies Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1003383.5A external-priority patent/GB201003383D0/en
Priority claimed from PCT/GB2010/050669 external-priority patent/WO2010122353A1/fr
Priority claimed from GBGB1016082.8A external-priority patent/GB201016082D0/en
Application filed by Energyflo Construction Technologies Limited filed Critical Energyflo Construction Technologies Limited
Priority to US13/582,187 priority Critical patent/US20130008109A1/en
Priority to EP20110710007 priority patent/EP2542729A1/fr
Publication of WO2011107731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011107731A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a dynamic insulation arrangement for a building, a panel and a building envelope or facade.
  • Dynamic insulation beneficially combines insulation and ventilation functions to reduce fabric energy loss through the building envelope. Dynamic insulation works by redirecting fabric heat or coolth loss though a building's fabric to recover energy. In winter, relatively cold outside air is pre-heated as it passes through the dynamically insulated fabric into the heated building. Conversely, in summer, the relatively warm outside air is pre-cooled as it passes through the fabric into the cooled building. The result is the creation of a thermal barrier between indoor spaces and outdoor ambient.
  • dynamic insulation for a building or structure comprising an external surface and an internal surface; at least one heat transfer layer between the internal and external surface; a supply for supplying air to the heat transfer layer; a collector for collecting air that has flowed through the heat transfer layer and means for regulating pressure through the dynamic insulation.
  • Air may be supplied to the dynamic insulation from the interior and/or the exterior of the building or structure and/or exhausted to interior or exterior of the building or structure.
  • dynamic insulation comprising an external surface and an internal surface; at least one heat transfer layer between the external and internal surface, a supply for supplying air to the heat transfer layer; a collector for collecting air that has flowed through the heat transfer layer and an exhaust to allow air that has passed through the heat transfer layer to be exhausted outside the building or structure.
  • the heat transfer layer may comprise an air channel or an air permeable layer through which air can flow.
  • the supply and / or collector may comprise a plenum.
  • the air permeable layer is a material layer that air can pass through without being an open channel.
  • An alternative description of the air permeable layer is: air permeable material; air permeable structure; air permeable membrane; air permeable element; breathable structure; breathable material; breathable layer; breathable element; breathable membrane.
  • Air may be supplied to the dynamic insulation from an interior of the building or structure and /or from the exterior.
  • Means may be provided for switching between at least two of: a first mode in which air is supplied to the dynamic insulation from the exterior and is directed to the interior; a second mode in which air is supplied to the dynamic insulation from the exterior and exhausted to the exterior and a third mode in which air is supplied to the dynamic insulation from the inside and exhausted to the outside.
  • Any suitable mode switching mechanism may be used.
  • the mode switching mechanism may include one or more selectively openable or closable valves for selectively defining the air flow path.
  • Means may be provided for controlling the magnitude and/or direction of airflow, optionally wherein the means for controlling comprises at least one fan and/or a damper and/or a valve and/or a grille.
  • Means for regulating the pressure may be provided to define a pressure ratio, where the pressure drop derived from the average airflow in the heat transfer layer is at least 50% of that in the supply and/or collector; for example more than 60%; more than 70%; more than 80%; more than 90%, more than 100%, more than 120%, more than 140%, more than 160%.
  • the means for regulating pressure may comprise at least one dimension of the channel where the heat transfer layer is an air channel or at least one dimension of a plenum where the heat transfer layer is a air permeable layer.
  • the means for regulating pressure may comprise at least one constriction, optionally wherein the constriction is located in one or more of the supply, collector or heat transfer layer.
  • the supply and/or collector area, Aeon is preferably greater than the total air channel area per metre along the collection length, ,, selected from: A co , l >30% Acwm, Acon 40% Acwm, Acoii>50% Ach/ m , Acoii>60% Ach/m, Acoii>70% ⁇ ,.
  • the supply and/or collector depth, dcoii is preferably greater than the total air channel depth, dch, for example selected from: d col i>80%d ch , d CO ii>100%d ch , d ⁇ n>120% d ch , d ⁇ n>150% d ch .
  • the at least one dimension may comprise the air channel depth, d ch , and air channel length, , and the ratio of d C to lc h is selected from: dch ⁇ 2.5%l C h; d ctl ⁇ 2.0%l ch ; d C h ⁇ 1.5%l c n; d ch ⁇ 1.0%l ch .
  • Multiple heat transfer layers may be provided, optionally separated by support posts.
  • the post width, w p , and heat transfer layer width, Wch are selected from:
  • the supply and/or the collection pull length, l ⁇ n, from the first point supplying to or collecting from to the entrance or egress to the dynamic insulation supply or collection area may be selected from:
  • the inner and/or outer layer may have an R-value greater than 0.2m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.3m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.4m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.5m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.6m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.7m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.8m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.9m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 1.0m KW 1 .
  • the R-value of the air permeable layer is preferably greater than 0.2m 2 KW "1 ; optionally greater than 0.3m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.4m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.5m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.6m 2 KW '1 ; optionally greater than 0.7m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.8m 2 KW "1 ; optionally greater than 0.9m 2 KW '1 ; optionally greater than 1.0m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 1.25m 2 KW "1 ; optionally greater than 1.5m 2 KW '1 ; optionally greater than 1.75m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 2.0m 2 KW “1 .
  • the external surface and the internal surface may form part of an integrated panel for fitting to a building or structure.
  • the integrated panel may have a U-value lower than 2Wm "z K '1 ; preferably lower than 1.5Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 1Wm “ K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.75Wm '2 K '1 ; optionally lower than 0.5Wm '2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.4Wm 2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.3Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.2Wm '2 K '1 .
  • a building envelope construction comprising dynamic insulation of the first and/or second aspects of the invention, wherein the building envelope has a U-value lower than 2Wm "2 "1 ; preferably lower than 1.5Wm " K “1 ; optionally lower than 1Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.75Wm “2 K '1 ; optionally lower than 0.5Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.4Wm “2 K “ 1 ; optionally lower than 0.3Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.2Wm “ K “1 .
  • a building or structure that is fitted with the dynamic insulation of the first and/or second aspects of the invention.
  • a method for assembling dynamic insulation of the first and second aspects of the invention comprising attaching the insulation to a building or structure.
  • the building or structure may form part of the insulation.
  • the dynamic insulation may be provided as an integral unit or panel for fitting to a building or structure. In either case, the insulation may be secured to the building using any suitable techniques.
  • the insulation may be attached to an existing building or structure or may be included in a new building as part of the building process, for example, in new-build houses or any other new building.
  • Figure 1 (a) shows a cross-section through dynamic insulation, in which an air channel is used for heat collection, and the direction of airflow is from outside the building to inside;
  • Figure 1 (b) shows a cross-section through dynamic insulation, in which a air permeable element is used for heat collection, and the direction of airflow is from outside the building to inside;
  • Figure 2 illustrates pressure drop points for the dynamic insulation of Figures 1(a) and 1(b);
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a collector region of the dynamic insulation of Figure 1 (a);
  • Figure 4(a) is similar to Figure 3, but shows dynamic insulation in which the heat transfer layer is an air channel and posts divide the internal space;
  • Figure 4(b) shows dynamic insulation in which the heat transfer layer is a air permeable layer and posts are provided in various positions;
  • Figure 5(a) shows an entrance / egress point for the dynamic insulation of
  • Figure 5(b) shows an entrance / egress point for the dynamic insulation of Figures 1 (a) and 4(a);
  • Figure 6(a) shows a cross-section similar to Figure 1(a), but in which the direction of airflow is from outside the building to outside the building;
  • Figure 6(b) shows a cross-section similar to Figure 1(b), but in which the direction of airflow is from outside the building to outside the building;
  • Figure 7 is a plot of heat transfer coefficient (U) versus airflow velocity for the dynamic insulation of Figures 1 and 6;
  • Figure 8(a) shows a cross-section similar to Figure 1 (a), but in which the direction of airflow is from inside the building to outside the building;
  • Figure 8(b) shows a cross-section similar to Figure 1 (b), but in which the direction of airflow is from inside the building to outside the building;
  • Figure 9 is a plot of heat transfer coefficient (U) versus airflow velocity for the dynamic insulation of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 shows airflow when dynamic insulation is switched off or prevented from operating
  • Figure 1 (a) shows dynamic insulation 10 that has an external panel or wall 12 and an internal panel or wall 14, which combine to define an airflow channel 16 between them.
  • the airflow channel 16 extends over substantially all of the surface area of the panels 12 and 14 and is closed at its ends.
  • Formed through a lower end of the external panel 12 is a conduit 18 that allows air to flow from outside into the airflow channel 16.
  • Formed through an upper end of the internal panel 14 is a conduit 20 that allows air to flow from the airflow channel 16 into the building.
  • the conduits 18, 20 are positioned to maximise their air flow separation.
  • the airflow channel 16 can be considered a heat collection stage and the conduits 18 and 20 act as the air supply/collection stages.
  • Figure 1 (b) shows dynamic insulation 10 that has an external panel or wall 12, an external panel or wall 14 and an airflow channel between them.
  • the airflow channel extends over substantially all of the surface area of the panels and is closed at its ends.
  • an air permeable element 22 capable of transmitting thermal energy and acting as a dynamic insulator.
  • the air permeable element 22 extends along the full-length of the airflow channel, so that to flow from one side to the other air has to pass through the air permeable element 22.
  • an outer plenum 24 is formed between the air permeable element 22 and the external panel 12 .
  • This extends over substantially all of the area of the permeable layer 22.
  • an inner plenum 26 is formed between the air permeable element 22 and the internal panel 14 .
  • the conduits formed through the external and internal panels 12 and 14 are positioned substantially opposite each other. In use, air flows from the outside through the entrance conduit in the lower end of the external panel 12, and into the outer plenum 24 between the external panel and the air permeable element 22. It then flows through the air permeable element 22 and into the inner plenum 26, where it flows towards and through the egress conduit at the lower end of the internal panel.
  • the air permeable element 22 can be considered the heat collection stage and the outer and inner plenums 24 and 26 act as the air supply/collection stages.
  • FIG. 1(a) shows the area over which the pressure is measured for the supply/collection and heat collection stages of the insulation of Figure 1(a).
  • Figure 2(b) shows the area over which the pressure is measured for the supply/collection and heat collection stages of the insulation of Figure 1(b).
  • the ratio of the pressure drop in the heat collection stage (dPd to pressure drop in the supply/collector stage (dP ⁇ n) should be more than 0.5:1.0 (pressure drops shown in Figure 5(a)). This can vary and could be more than 0.6:1.0, more than 0.7:1.0, more than 0.8:1.0, more than 1.0:1.0, more than 1.0:0.9, more than 1.0:0.8, more than 1.0:0.7, more than 1.0:0.6. In reality, the airflow will not be even in the heat collection stage. However, unevenness in air collection/distribution is limited in that the pressure drop in collection increases rapidly as it moves to the take-off point. So there is a small proportion of the air channel with an increase in airflow while the majority suffers only a slight drop. Therefore, where pressure is successfully balanced, there is little effect on the overall heat loss as the positive and negative effects will be in balance.
  • the schematic views of Figures 2(a) and (b) show some of the channel dimensions. In Figure 2(a), d C h is the depth of the channel and is the length of the channel.
  • d ch ⁇ 2.5% l C h; d ch ⁇ 2.0% 'en; d cfl ⁇ 1.5% lch! d ch ⁇ 1.0% lch.
  • d p is the depth of the plenum and l p is the length of the plenum.
  • d p ⁇ 2.5% l p ; d p ⁇ 2.0% l p ; d p ⁇ 1.5% l p ; d p ⁇ 1.0% l p .
  • Figure 3 shows a more detailed view of the airflow collector and airflow channel of the arrangement of Figure 1 (a).
  • the collector is a channel or conduit that extends over the whole of the end of the air channel and has an egress along its length through which air exits.
  • the relative sizes of the collection depth, dcoii, and the channel depth, d C h, have to be selected to control the pressure drop.
  • the relative sizes of the collection depth, dcon, and the plenum depth, d p have to be selected to control the pressure drop.
  • the relative sizes of the collection depth, dcon, and the plenum depth, d p have to be selected to control the pressure drop.
  • the collection area, Aeon is greater than 0.3*the air flow channel / plenum area per metre run length along the collector ( ⁇ ), ⁇ nim, A p/m , i.e. A CO
  • Figure 4(a) shows an example of a panel in which posts are provided. Where posts are included they should have a width that is less than 2x the width of channels, for example less than 1.5x, 1.0x, 0.75, 0.5x. This is allows thermal transfer past the channels. While Figure 4(a) shows posts for the embodiments of dynamic insulation where the heat transfer layer is an air channel, the terms and definitions can equally apply to dynamic insulation where the heat transfer layer is an air permeable layer. In this situation, the post could be in the air permeable layer; in an air permeable layer and a single plenum; or an air permeable layer and two plenums as shown in Figure 4(b).
  • Air must be supplied to and collected from the heat transfer layer(s). This is done using supply / collector via entrance / egress points in the supply / collector. To do this economically the frequency of entrance and/or egress may be limited, at least in one of the supply or collection.
  • the relative shapes of the air channel or plenum and collector also play a part.
  • the hydraulic radius of the collector is greater than that of the channel / plenum. Hydraulic radius is area over perimeter. This ensures the channels and collectors to be any shape or construction as long as they are suitably sized.
  • the collector could merely be a gap or channel between the end of the air flow channel and the building or could be a separate element built as part of the panel.
  • R-value is the conventional measure of thermal resistivity, i.e. the temperature difference and area relative to the heat loss over the area. It is commonly used to describe building components such as insulations brick and blockwork.
  • R-values are the reciprocal of U-values.
  • U-value is the overall heat transfer coefficient and is the heat loss over area and temperature difference of a full construction element such as a floor, roof or wall.
  • the inner and/or outer layers have an R-value greater than 0.2m 2 KW '1 ; optionally greater than 0.3m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.4m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.5m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.6m 2 KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.7m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.8m KW “1 ; optionally greater than 0.9m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 1.0m 2 KW "1 .
  • the R-value of the air permeable element is also important.
  • the R-value is greater than 0.2m KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.3m KW "1 ; optionally greater than 0.4m 2 KW '1 ; optionally greater than 0.5m W "1 ; optionally greater than 0.6m 2 W “1 ; optionally greater than 0.7m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 0.8m 2 KW “ ⁇ optionally greater than 0.9m 2 KW ⁇ 1 ; optionally greater than 1.0m 2 KW 1 ; optionally greater than 1.25m 2 KW "1 ; optionally greater than 1.5m 2 KW '1 ; optionally greater than 1.75m 2 KW "1 ; optionally greater than 2.0m 2 KW 1 .
  • the integrated panel or building element preferably has a conventional U- value lower than 2Wm “2 K “1 ; preferably lower than 1.5Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 1Wnr 2 K '1 ; optionally lower than 0.75Wm “ K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.5Wm “2 K “1 ; optionally lower than 0.4Wm '2 K '1 ; optionally lower than 0.3Wm “2 K "1 ; optionally lower than 0.2Wm '2 K '1 .
  • the above features may be used separately or in combination in any of the dynamic insulation described herein.
  • Figure 6(a) shows dynamic insulation that has an external panel or wall 12 and an internal panel or wall 14, which combine to define an airflow channel 16 between them.
  • the airflow channel 16 extends over substantially all of the surface area of the external and internal panels and opens at its upper end after air is collected, to allow air to be exhausted from the building.
  • Formed through a lower end of the externa) panel is an entrance that allows air to flow from outside into the supply for the airflow channel.
  • the supply and collection areas in the internal and external panels are positioned to maximise their air flow separation.
  • the airflow channel 6 is the heat collection stage and the lower entrance in the external panel is the air supply stage. In use, air flows from the outside through the entrance in the lower end of the external panel, up, through the airflow channel prior to collection and exhaust.
  • an air collection stage (typically in the form of a conduit or pipe) is provided at the end of the airflow channel to collect air prior to exhaust from the building.
  • An egress or exit opening is provided along the collector to allow air to exit (for example as shown in Figure 5(a)).
  • Figure 6(b) shows dynamic insulation that operates on a similar principle to Figure 6(a), but includes an air permeable element capable of transmitting thermal energy and acting as a dynamic insulator.
  • the insulation has an internal panel or wall, an external panel or wall and an airflow channel between them.
  • the airflow channel extends over substantially all of the surface area of the panels.
  • Located in the airflow channel is the air permeable element.
  • the air permeable element extends along the full-length of the airflow channel, so that to flow from one side to the other air has to pass through the air permeable element.
  • an outer plenum 24 is defined between the outer panel 13 and the air permeable element 22 .
  • an inner plenum 26 defined between the inner panel 14 and the air permeable element 22 .
  • Formed through a lower end of the external panel 12 is an entrance that allows air to flow from the outside into the airflow channel.
  • In the inner plenum 26 there is an egress point at its upper end to allow air to flow to the outside of the building.
  • air flows from the outside through the entrance conduit in the lower end of the external panel, and into the outer plenum 24. It then permeates through the air permeable element 22 and into the inner plenum 26.
  • the intermediate layer material 22 functions as a heat exchanger, transferring heat to the air as it passes slowly through it.
  • Figure 7 This shows plot of the heat transfer co-efficient versus air flow velocity for the situation where air is exhausted into the interior of the building (right hand plot) and a similar plot where air is exhausted to the exterior of the building (left hand plot). It is clear from this the heat transfer effect is greater when air is exhausted to the exterior of the building.
  • Figure 8(a) shows another dynamic insulation arrangement. Again, this has an external panel or wall 12 and an internal panel or wall 12 defining an airflow channel 16 between them.
  • the airflow channel extends over substantially all of the surface area of the panels 12 and 14 and is closed at its lower end and open at its upper end to allow air to be exhausted from the building.
  • Formed through an upper end of the internal panel 12 is a conduit 28 that allows air to flow from the building through the dynamic insulation entrance into the airflow channel via the supply conduit.
  • Formed through a lower end of the external panel 12 is a conduit that allows air to flow from airflow channel to the outside of the building through an air egress.
  • the conduits in the internal and external panels 12 and 1 are positioned to maximise their air flow separation, so that air flows across as much of the panels as possible.
  • the airflow channel 16 is the heat dissipation stage and the upper conduit in the internal panel 12 acts as the air supply stage.
  • stale air is moved into the dynamic element from the building may be provided with an exhaust air bypass to allow stale air to flow from the interior when the exhaust dynamic insulation is not in operation.
  • exhaust air comes from the warm indoor space and leaves the building at substantially the same temperature as the indoor space. Energy in the exhausted ventilation air is sacrificed for the greater good of maintaining a shallow temperature gradient of an inner layer, thereby reducing heat/coolth loss to the dynamic element.
  • exhaust air is a waste product that has to be removed from the building. Using the energy in the air that would be lost to reduce heat transfer into a building element is the principle of exhaust dynamic insulation.
  • Figure 8(b) shows dynamic insulation that operates in a manner similar to that of Figure 8(a).
  • This has an internal panel or wall, an external panel or wall and an airflow channel between them.
  • the airflow channel extends over substantially all of the surface area of the panels and is closed at its ends.
  • an air permeable element capable of transmitting thermal energy and acting as a dynamic insulator.
  • the air permeable element extends along the full- length of the airflow channel, so that to flow from one side to the other it has to pass through the air permeable element.
  • an outer plenum is formed between the air permeable element and the external panel. Between the air permeable element and the internal panel an inner plenum is formed. Formed through a lower end of the internal panel is a conduit that allows air to flow from the inside of the building into the inner plenum. Formed through a lower end of the external panel is a conduit that allows air to flow from the outer plenum to the outside of the building.
  • the conduits formed through the external and internal plenums are positioned substantially opposite each other.
  • FIG. 8(a) and 8(b) air is moved through the dynamic insulation from the inside to the outside. Doing this may be more desirable than conventional dynamic insulation depending on the outdoor conditions, such as temperature and humidity.
  • a fan (not shown) may be provided. This would be arranged to drive air from the interior of the building into the dynamic insulation and through the airflow channel or the air permeable layer.
  • the fan may be located within the conduit in the internal panel or, for example, in an air supply to the interior pressurising the internal space.
  • Figure 9 shows the heat dissipation trend based on inlet air flow velocity for the panel with the inlet flow is measured at the inlet in the internal panel.
  • a controller may be provided for switching between at least two of: a first mode in which air is supplied to the dynamic insulation from the exterior and is directed to the interior; a second mode in which air is supplied to the dynamic insulation from the exterior and exhausted to the exterior and a third mode in which air is supplied to the dynamic insulation from the inside and exhausted to the outside.
  • Any suitable mode switching mechanism may be used.
  • one or more selectively openable or closable valves may be provided for selectively defining the air flow path.
  • two or more of the modes of operation may be used in tandem, for example, with the walls operating in one mode, roof in the other.
  • the modes of operation may be used in sequence, for example, the roof may be operated in one mode during a first time period and then switched to operate to another mode during a second time period.
  • parts of a large structure could operate in different modes concurrently.
  • the rear walls of a large building may operate in normal heat recovery mode, while the front walls operate in the cooling mode.
  • the roof may then operate in a combination of normal mode in some areas and the cooling mode.
  • the dynamic insulation could be switched off so that the building is merely ventilated using conventional ventilation, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the versatility and ability of the insulation to switch between different modes underpins the concept of adaptive building envelopes that result from the application of dynamic insulation.
  • One or more constrictions may be provided within the dynamic insulation. These are elements that reduce the area available for air to flow through and so produce a disproportionate pressure drop relative to their dimensions in the overall channel, plenum, supply or collection. These can be embodied as denser layers or sheets in an air permeable material.
  • a constriction could be a grille or a section where the air moves over a smaller cross-sectional area. Also the depth, width or other dimension of the supply and/or collector and/or heat transfer layer may be reduced over a section.
  • a constriction could also be a component that alters the air movement of air to produce a less direct path.
  • the present invention provides a versatile, adaptive approach to ventilation that extends the functionality of dynamic insulation to include both heat recovery and heat dissipation. This allows for year-round comfort and low energy consumption, without the need for expensive air conditioning. It may be applied to all dynamically insulated parts of the building envelope, including walls, roofs, ceilings and floors. In addition, the present invention may be applied to all building types, as well as to other structures and platforms.
  • Positioning of the supply and collection points is not limited to those positions mentioned in the text and shown in the Figures. Air can enter and exit dynamic insulation at any point where there is sufficient pressure control to allow air to spread over the dynamic element.
  • the supply and collection stages should be separated, ideally as far apart as possible, to allow air to cover the dynamic element.
  • the supply and collection stages are opposite each other, this is not essential. It should also be noted that there need not be a direct connection between the internal and external environments through dynamic insulation. Also whilst the supply and collection stages are generally shown as simple conduits that open into the inside or outside of the building, they may be ducted between the internal and external environments, as shown in Figure 11.
  • the embodiments illustrated above show applications of the invention only for the purposes of illustration. In practice the invention may be applied to many different configurations.
  • the invention has been described in the form of an integrated panel which is attached to a building to form a building envelope, it may be constructed from separate components which are fitted together in situ to form a building envelope.
  • a kit of parts for making the dynamic insulation may be provided, together with instructions for assembling the dynamic insulation.
  • the exhaust of the first embodiment may be provided as an outlet in the inner cladding layer connected to a duct system which pipes the collected hot air out of the building.
  • the invention utilises an air permeable intermediate layer, other heat transfer layer arrangements are also possible.
  • the fan and control functions described may be located remotely, for example as part of a central air handling system, as practised with many HVAC installations.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une isolation dynamique pour un bâtiment ou une structure. Ladite isolation comprend une surface externe et une surface interne ; au moins une couche de transfert thermique entre les surfaces interne et externe ; une alimentation pour fournir de l'air à la couche de transfert thermique, et un collecteur pour collecter de l'air qui s'est écoulé à travers la couche de transfert thermique. La pression est régulée par l'isolation dynamique. De l'air est fourni à l'isolation dynamique à partir de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur du bâtiment ou de la structure et/ou expulsé vers l'intérieur ou l'extérieur du bâtiment ou de la structure.
PCT/GB2011/000276 2010-03-01 2011-03-01 Isolation dynamique WO2011107731A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/582,187 US20130008109A1 (en) 2010-03-01 2011-03-01 Dynamic Insulation.
EP20110710007 EP2542729A1 (fr) 2010-03-01 2011-03-01 Isolation dynamique

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1003383.5 2010-03-01
GBGB1003383.5A GB201003383D0 (en) 2010-03-01 2010-03-01 Dynamic insulation arrangement
PCT/GB2010/050669 WO2010122353A1 (fr) 2009-04-23 2010-04-23 Panneau de revêtement
GBPCT/GB2010/050669 2010-04-23
GB1016082.8 2010-09-24
GBGB1016082.8A GB201016082D0 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Dyamic insulation apparatus

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WO2013016824A1 (fr) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Poulin Bryan Maison efficace : système de construction efficace, sain et durable utilisant une commande d'écoulement d'air et de chaleur différentielle à travers un ensemble enveloppe externe réfléchissant thermique et perméable à l'air
WO2014072384A1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2014-05-15 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment
US9664396B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2017-05-30 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US10746413B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2020-08-18 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
DE102022129060A1 (de) 2022-11-03 2024-05-08 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Thermisch aktive Konstruktion sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
WO2024094580A1 (fr) 2022-11-03 2024-05-10 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Structure et son procédé de fabrication
DE102023105263A1 (de) 2023-03-03 2024-09-05 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Thermisch aktive Konstruktion sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben

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GB201304580D0 (en) * 2013-03-14 2013-05-01 Jablite Ltd Insulating panels for buildings
US9353516B2 (en) * 2014-07-14 2016-05-31 John Philip Fishburn All-season non-condensing building insulation system
US10715837B2 (en) * 2015-03-13 2020-07-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Determination of a service office of a media content distribution system to record a media content item with a network recorder

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WO2013016824A1 (fr) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Poulin Bryan Maison efficace : système de construction efficace, sain et durable utilisant une commande d'écoulement d'air et de chaleur différentielle à travers un ensemble enveloppe externe réfléchissant thermique et perméable à l'air
WO2014072384A1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2014-05-15 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Enveloppe de bâtiment et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment
US9664396B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2017-05-30 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US10746413B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2020-08-18 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US10962236B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2021-03-30 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Gmbh Building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US11573011B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2023-02-07 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Building frame and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US11592189B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2023-02-28 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Building frame and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US11608991B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2023-03-21 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbg Heat pipe for a building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
US11629862B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2023-04-18 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Building envelope and method for adjusting the temperature in a building
DE102022129060A1 (de) 2022-11-03 2024-05-08 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Thermisch aktive Konstruktion sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
WO2024094580A1 (fr) 2022-11-03 2024-05-10 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Structure et son procédé de fabrication
DE102023105263A1 (de) 2023-03-03 2024-09-05 Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh Thermisch aktive Konstruktion sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben

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