EP2912740B1 - Convertisseur continu-continu - Google Patents

Convertisseur continu-continu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2912740B1
EP2912740B1 EP13788910.1A EP13788910A EP2912740B1 EP 2912740 B1 EP2912740 B1 EP 2912740B1 EP 13788910 A EP13788910 A EP 13788910A EP 2912740 B1 EP2912740 B1 EP 2912740B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diode
output terminal
terminal
electrically connected
secondary winding
Prior art date
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Application number
EP13788910.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2912740A1 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Schekulin
Silvia Gross
Chris Härtsch
Thomas Bisig
Alex Itten
Pierre Cavin
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Schmidhauser AG
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Schmidhauser AG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H02H11/003—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection using a field effect transistor as protecting element in one of the supply lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • DC / DC converters also referred to as DC choppers
  • DC choppers Various topologies for DC / DC converters (also referred to as DC choppers) are known for high output currents. Frequently used full bridge circuits with output-side split winding or current doubler circuit (current doubler).
  • IGBTs Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
  • 1200 V withstand voltage are preferably used, which leads to a clear limitation of the switching frequency upwards, whereby relatively large inductive components are required.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a DC-DC converter available, which allows the use of MOSFETs as switching elements and at the same time ensures safe Verpolungsschutz and / or having a low current loadings of the windings of the transformer.
  • the invention solves this problem by a DC-DC converter according to claim 1.
  • the DC-DC converter has a first, in particular asymmetrical, half-bridge circuit and a second, in particular asymmetrical, half-bridge circuit.
  • At least one, in particular galvanically isolating, transformer which comprises at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding.
  • the first and the second half-bridge circuit are configured to generate an AC voltage across the at least one primary winding.
  • a rectifier circuit of the DC-DC converter comprises an output terminal, the output terminal having a first output terminal pole and a second output terminal pole and a second output terminal, respectively, and at least one rectifier element, wherein the rectifier circuit is configured to have a voltage applied to the at least one secondary winding rectify and output rectified at the output terminal.
  • the rectifier circuit has a reverse connection protection transistor whose collector-emitter path or its drain-source path is looped between a terminal of the at least one rectifier element and the first or the second output terminal pole of the output terminal.
  • the reverse connection protection transistor ensures safe reverse polarity protection, so that, for example, polarity reversal of the output connection poles when connecting a battery does not lead to destruction of the rectifier elements.
  • the DC-DC converter may have exactly one transformer, the transformer comprising exactly two primary windings and exactly two secondary windings.
  • the first half-bridge circuit may be configured to generate an alternating voltage at the first primary winding
  • the second half-bridge circuit may be configured to generate an alternating voltage at the second primary winding
  • the rectifier circuit may have exactly two rectifier elements in the form of a first diode and a second diode, wherein a first terminal of the first secondary winding is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode and between the cathode of the first diode and the first output terminal pole of the output terminal, the drain-source -Line of the MOSFET reverse-biasing transistor and a choke (in any order) are looped.
  • a first terminal of the second secondary winding may be electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode may be electrically connected, and the second terminal of the first secondary winding second terminal of the second secondary winding and the second output terminal pole of the output terminal may be electrically connected.
  • the DC-DC converter may have exactly two, for example, magnetically coupled, transformers, wherein the two transformers each comprise exactly one primary winding and exactly one secondary winding.
  • the first half-bridge circuit may be configured to generate an AC voltage across the primary winding of the first transformer
  • the second half-bridge circuit may be configured to generate an AC voltage across the primary winding of the second transformer.
  • the rectifier circuit may include a first pair of rectifier elements in the form of a first diode and a second diode and a second pair of rectifier elements in the form of a third diode and a fourth diode.
  • a first terminal of the secondary winding of the first transformer may be electrically connected to the anode of the first diode
  • a first terminal of the secondary winding of the second transformer may be electrically connected to the anode of the third diode
  • the cathodes of the first to fourth diodes may be electrically connected and between the cathodes of the first to fourth diodes and the first output terminal pole of the output terminal
  • the drain-source path of the MOSFET reverse-bias protection transistor and a choke can be looped (in any order).
  • a second terminal of the secondary winding of the first transformer, a second terminal of the secondary winding of the second transformer, the anodes of the second diode and the fourth diode and the second output terminal pole of the output terminal may be electrically connected.
  • the DC-DC converter may have exactly one transformer, wherein the transformer has exactly two primary windings and exactly one secondary windings.
  • the first half-bridge circuit may be configured to generate an alternating voltage at the first primary winding
  • the second half-bridge circuit may be configured to generate an alternating voltage at the second primary winding.
  • the rectifier circuit may comprise two rectifier elements in the form of a first diode and a second diode, wherein a first terminal of the secondary winding is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of second diode is electrically connected to a second terminal of the secondary winding and between the anodes of the first and second diode and the second output terminal pole of the output terminal, the drain-source path of the reverse connection protection transistor is looped.
  • a first choke can be looped in and between the second terminal of the secondary winding and the first output terminal pole of the output terminal, a second choke can be looped.
  • MOSFETs Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
  • All of the rectifier elements and the reverse polarity protection transistor can be integrated in a power module.
  • Fig. 1 shows a DC-DC converter 1 with a first asymmetric half-bridge circuit 2, a second asymmetric half-bridge circuit 3, a transformer 4 with two primary windings 4a, 4b and two secondary windings 4c, 4d and a rectifier circuit 5 with reverse polarity protection.
  • the first half-bridge circuit 2 is configured to generate an alternating voltage on the first primary winding 4a
  • the second half-bridge circuit 3 is configured to generate an alternating voltage on the second primary winding 4b.
  • the first half-bridge circuit 2 includes an input capacitor 12 that buffers an input DC voltage UE1 applied to input terminals of the half-bridge circuit 2. Between the input terminals, a first MOSFET 13 and a first diode 14 are connected in series. Between the input terminals, a second diode 15 and a second MOSFET 16 are further connected in series. The first primary winding 4a is connected between a connection node of the first MOSFET 13 and the cathode of the first diode 14 and a connection node of the anode of the second diode 15 and the second MOSFET 16.
  • the second half-bridge circuit 3 is constructed topologically correspondingly and comprises an input capacitor 17 which buffers a DC input voltage UE2 (where UE1 and UE2 may be identical or different) applied to input terminals of the half-bridge circuit 3. Between the input terminals, a third MOSFET 18 and a third diode 19 are connected in series. Between the input terminals, a fourth diode 20 and a fourth MOSFET 21 are further connected in series. The second primary winding 4b is connected between a connection node of the third MOSFET 18 and the cathode of the third diode 19 and a connection node of the anode of the fourth diode 20 and the fourth MOSFET 21.
  • the rectifier circuit 5 serves to rectify alternating voltages present at the secondary windings 4c and 4d and to output them as a rectified output direct voltage UA at an output terminal 6 with a first and a second output terminal pole 6a, 6b.
  • a potential output at the output terminal pole 6a may be larger than a potential output at the output terminal pole 6b.
  • the rectifier circuit 5 has two rectifier elements in the form of a first diode 7 and a second diode 8, a first terminal of the first secondary winding 4c being electrically connected to the anode of the first diode 7, a first terminal of the second secondary winding 4d being connected to the first Anode of the second diode 8 is electrically connected, the cathode of the first diode 7 and the cathode of the second diode 8 are electrically connected and the second terminal of the first secondary winding 4 c, the second terminal of the second secondary winding 4 d (wherein the second terminals of the secondary windings 4c and 4d can form a common transformer center tap) and the second output terminal pole 6b of the output terminal 6 are electrically connected.
  • the drain-source path of a MOSFET reverse polarity protection transistor 9 and a throttle 10 are looped in any order.
  • the MOSFET reverse polarity protection transistor 9 is to be connected such that it effectively blocks a reverse polarity voltage.
  • N-channel MOSFET reverse polarity protection transistors this means that the source terminal points in the direction of the positive terminal 6a and the drain terminal points in the direction of the rectifier elements or rectifier diodes 7 and 8.
  • reverse polarity reversal protection transistor 9 can also be "pushed through” and arranged in the negative lead. In this case, the drain terminal points towards negative terminal 6b and the source terminal points toward the transformer center tap.
  • a positive voltage, for example 12 V, between the gate terminal and the source terminal turns on the reverse polarity protection transistor 9 and a voltage of 0 V between the gate terminal and the source terminal causes the reverse polarity protection transistor 9 to be turned off.
  • the voltage at the gate terminal is suitable to choose depending on the interconnection of the MOSFET reverse polarity protection transistor 9.
  • a capacitor 11 serves to buffer the output DC voltage UA.
  • Fig. 2 shows a DC-DC converter 1 'in the form of aellestakthnewandlers with two optionally magnetically coupled transformers 4_1 and 4_2 each having a single primary winding 4_1a and 4_2a and each a single secondary winding 4_1b or 4_2b and output side reverse polarity protection.
  • the half-bridge circuits 2 and 3 correspond to those of Fig. 1 ,
  • a rectifier circuit 5 comprises a first pair of rectifier elements in the form of a first diode 7_1 and a second diode 8_1 and a second pair of rectifier elements in the form of a third diode 7_2 and a fourth diode 8_2.
  • a first terminal of the secondary winding 4_1b of the first transformer 4_1 is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode 7_1
  • a first terminal of the secondary winding 4_2b of the second transformer 4_2 is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode 7_2
  • the cathodes of the first to fourth diodes 7_1, 7_2, 8_1, 8_2 are electrically connected and interposed between the cathodes of the first to fourth diodes 7_1, 7_2, 8_1, 8_2 and the first output terminal pole 6a of the output terminal 6, the drain-source path of the MOSFET reverse polarity protection transistor 9 and the throttle 10 are looped in any order.
  • a second terminal of the secondary winding 4_1b of the first transformer 4_1, a second terminal of the secondary winding 4_2b of the second transformer 4_2, the anodes of the second diode 8_1 and the fourth diode 8_2 and the second output terminal pole 6b of the output terminal 6 are electrically connected.
  • Fig. 3 shows a DC-DC converter 1 "in the form of a push-pull flow converter with a transformer 4 'with 2 primary windings 4a, 4b and a secondary winding 4c, a current doubler circuit and output side reverse polarity protection.
  • a rectifier circuit 5 "has two rectifier elements in the form of a first diode 7 and a second diode 8, wherein a first terminal of the secondary winding 4c is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode 7, the anode of the first diode 7 to the anode of the second diode 8 is electrically connected, the cathode of the second diode 8 is electrically connected to a second terminal of the secondary winding 4c and between the anodes of the first and second diode 7, 8 and the second output terminal 6b of the output terminal 6, the drain-source path of the MOSFET Reverse polarity protection transistor 9 is looped.
  • a first choke 10_1 is looped in and between the second terminal of the secondary winding 4c and the first output terminal pole 6a of the output terminal, a second choke 10_2 is looped.
  • Fig. 4 shows one on the in Fig. 1 shown DC-DC converter 1 based DC-DC converter 1 '''with synchronous rectification on the secondary side / low-voltage side.
  • controllable switching means such as transistors 7 'and 8', provided.
  • the invention is initially based on a series or parallel connection of asymmetrical half-bridge converters. This allows fast switching 600V MOSFETs to be used, increasing the switching frequency to over 100 kHz.
  • a power connection of the reverse connection protection transistor is directly connected to the anode or cathode terminals of the rectifier diodes.
  • the secondary side is preferably not worked with a Stromverdoppler arrangement, but with a split winding and push-pull rectification. This has constructive advantages in the transformer design and results in a lower current load on the windings.
  • the reverse polarity protection transistor 9 for example, transient voltage peaks are kept away from a vehicle electrical system, which can expect an increase in reliability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Convertisseur de tension continue (1; 1'''), comprenant :
    - un premier circuit en demi-pont (2), notamment asymétrique,
    - un deuxième circuit en demi-pont (3), notamment asymétrique,
    - un transformateur (4), le transformateur (4) possédant exactement deux enroulements primaires (4a, 4b) et deux enroulements secondaires (4c, 4d), le premier circuit en demi-pont (2) étant configuré pour générer une tension alternative au niveau du premier enroulement primaire (4a) et le deuxième circuit en demi-pont (3) étant configuré pour générer une tension alternative au niveau du deuxième enroulement primaire (4b) et
    - un circuit redresseur (5 ; 5''') comprenant
    - une borne de sortie (6), la borne de sortie (6) possédant un premier pôle de borne de sortie (6a) et un deuxième pôle de borne de sortie (6b), et
    - deux éléments redresseurs sous la forme d'une première diode (7) et d'une deuxième diode (8),
    - le circuit redresseur (5; 5''') étant configuré pour redresser les tensions produites au niveau des deux enroulements secondaires (4c, 4d) et les délivrer au niveau de la borne de sortie (6) et
    - le circuit redresseur (5 ; 5''') possédant un transistor de protection contre les inversions de polarité (9) dont la branche drain-source est reliée électriquement directement avec les bornes de cathode respectives de la première diode (7) et de la deuxième diode (8) et dont la branche drain-source est insérée entre les bornes de cathode respectives de la première diode (7) et de la deuxième diode (8) et le premier ou le deuxième pôle de borne de sortie (6a, 6b) de la borne de sortie (6),
    - une première borne du premier enroulement secondaire (4c) étant reliée électriquement à l'anode de la première diode (7) et la branche drain-source du transistor de protection contre les inversions de polarité (9) et une bobine (10) étant insérées entre la cathode de la première diode (7) et le premier pôle de borne de sortie (6a) de la borne de sortie (6),
    - une première borne du deuxième enroulement secondaire (4d) étant reliée électriquement à l'anode de la deuxième diode (8),
    - la cathode de la première diode (7) et la cathode de la deuxième diode (8) étant reliées électriquement,
    - la deuxième borne du premier enroulement secondaire (4c), la deuxième borne du deuxième enroulement secondaire (4d) et le deuxième pôle de borne de sortie (6b) de la borne de sortie (6) étant reliés électriquement et
    - les éléments redresseurs (7, 7' ; 8, 8') et le transistor de protection contre les inversions de polarité (9) étant intégrés dans un module de puissance.
  2. Convertisseur de tension continue (1, 1''') selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commutation utilisés dans le premier et le deuxième circuit en demi-pont (2, 3) sont des MOSFET.
EP13788910.1A 2012-10-23 2013-10-23 Convertisseur continu-continu Active EP2912740B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012219365.0A DE102012219365A1 (de) 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 Gleichspannungswandler
PCT/EP2013/072147 WO2014064142A1 (fr) 2012-10-23 2013-10-23 Convertisseur continu-continu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2912740A1 EP2912740A1 (fr) 2015-09-02
EP2912740B1 true EP2912740B1 (fr) 2019-02-20

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EP13788910.1A Active EP2912740B1 (fr) 2012-10-23 2013-10-23 Convertisseur continu-continu

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10256736B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2912740B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104995809A (fr)
DE (1) DE102012219365A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014064142A1 (fr)

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DE102015207607A1 (de) 2015-04-24 2016-10-27 Schmidhauser Ag Bidirektionaler Gleichspannungswandler
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JP2020096499A (ja) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 シャープ株式会社 ハーフブリッジ回路および電源装置
JP7295775B2 (ja) * 2019-10-09 2023-06-21 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 半導体装置
DE102021128141A1 (de) 2021-10-28 2023-05-04 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Energiesystem für ein Elektrofahrzeug

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CN104995809A (zh) 2015-10-21
WO2014064142A1 (fr) 2014-05-01
DE102012219365A1 (de) 2014-04-24
EP2912740A1 (fr) 2015-09-02
US10256736B2 (en) 2019-04-09

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