EP2864505B1 - Procédé de durcissement d'acier à la presse - Google Patents

Procédé de durcissement d'acier à la presse Download PDF

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EP2864505B1
EP2864505B1 EP13732131.1A EP13732131A EP2864505B1 EP 2864505 B1 EP2864505 B1 EP 2864505B1 EP 13732131 A EP13732131 A EP 13732131A EP 2864505 B1 EP2864505 B1 EP 2864505B1
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Prior art keywords
hardening
press
steel
cooling rate
tool
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German (de)
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EP2864505A1 (fr
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Thomas Kurz
Andreas Pichler
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for press hardening steel according to the upper handles of claims 1 and 2.
  • Press hardening of steel is a technique that has been known since the 1970s.
  • a steel blank with an alloy composition matched to the press hardening is raised to a temperature which enables austenitization, preferably complete austenitization.
  • Complete austenitization usually takes place above the so-called AC 3 point, which can be read from corresponding multi-substance state diagrams and which also depends in particular on the composition.
  • the strength of such a press-hardened steel is essentially determined by the carbon content, since this determines the martensite hardness.
  • press hardening is to provide the corresponding press-hardening steel as a sheet, cut a board out of this sheet and either deep-draw this board in the cold state and then heat it up, insert it into a tool and cool it there by all-round contact of the cooling tool or heat the board and to form hot in one tool while cooling at the appropriate speed.
  • the cooling rates are determined by the tool or the contact of the press-hardening steel with the tool.
  • a low thermal conductivity, a low heat capacity, the heat transfer, the contact pressure and the percentage contact area, but also the flow temperature of a cooling medium such as water, can influence and in particular reduce the achievable cooling rates.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for press hardening of steels which facilitates, improves and makes the process control during press hardening more comprehensible.
  • certain system parameters can be predetermined for an existing desired steel, and in particular the cooling rate in the tool.
  • the system parameters can also be taken into account depending on the degree of deformation.
  • high degrees of deformation mean that martensite is formed to a lesser extent.
  • the steel used is suitable for the indirect press hardening process or also for the direct press hardening process at given cooling rates.
  • the steel is formed before the press hardening, so that no pressing takes place during the press hardening, even when heated.
  • Such a process therefore requires a lower press hardness number than For example, a direct press hardening process, in which hot forming is also carried out.
  • a press hardness number is created for this.
  • the press hardness number is a tool with which you can easily estimate from the chemical composition and the cooling rate in the tool whether the desired fully martensitic structure can be achieved.
  • Fully martensitic structure in the sense of this disclosure corresponds to a structure fraction of> 90 vol.%, In particular> 95 vol.% Martensite and residual austenite, remainder ferrite and / or bainite.
  • the number of press hardnesses can be used to estimate which alloy is necessary to become fully martensitic at a given degree of deformation.
  • V and Ti are not listed separately in the table and are added in the range of ⁇ 0.5%, in particular ⁇ 0.2%.
  • Ti only serves to bind the N, whereby values of Ti / N (in at%) of approximately 3.4 should be sufficient. All other information is in mass%.
  • the theoretical press hardness cooling rates can deviate from the measured press hardness cooling rates, since certain safety factors, for example to compensate for the measurement uncertainties, are built in and a sensible generalization has been carried out.
  • PHZ press hardness number
  • the press hardness number or the theoretical press hardness cooling rate can thus be used to determine a steel material for an existing system which is hardened with sufficient certainty either in an indirect process or even has a high press hardness number such that effective direct press hardening, i.e. Forming in the warm state is possible.
  • the theoretical press cooling rate (PHK) must be determined according to the formula and the cooling rate (PHW) achievable in continuous operation must be determined for the respective forming tool.
  • the press hardness number can be determined and then the effective cooling rate can be determined in a simple manner by changing the formula given above.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Procédé de trempe sous presse d'acier, une tôle d'acier en acier allié durcissable étant soit préformé à froid puis transféré dans un outil, qui a essentiellement le contour du composant préformé et de là, après une étape de chauffe précédente, qui provoque une austénitisation complète, est refroidi à une vitesse qui est supérieure à une vitesse de trempe critique de manière à atteindre un durcissement par trempe du composant préformé, soit une barre d'acier dont la composition permet une trempe sous presse à une température supérieure à la température d'austénitisation puis formée à chaud dans un outil et simultanément refroidie à une vitesse supérieure à une vitesse de trempe critique de manière à provoquer une trempe, la trempe étant provoquée de sorte que la structure austénitique est transférée dans une structure martensitique à > 90 % du vol., notamment > 95 % du volume de martensite et d'austénite résiduelle, de ferrite résiduel et/ou de bainite, caractérisé en ce que la valeur de trempe sous presse est déterminée pour mettre au point un outil souhaité sur un type d'acier donné, la valeur de trempe sous presse VTP étant déterminée à partir de l'équation VTP valeur de trempe sous presse = vitesse de refroidissement dans l'outil TPO / vitesse de refroidissement théorique _ TP VRTP ,
    Figure imgb0017
     la vitesse de refroidissement dans l'outil étant prédéterminée ou mesurée pour une épaisseur de tôle souhaitée et la vitesse de refroidissement théorique_TP (VRTP) pour l'acier, dont la teneur en bore dissout du matériau de base est de > 5 ppm, étant estimée de la manière suivante : VRTP V / s = 1750 / 28,5 ∗ C m % + 3,5 ∗ Si m % + 2,3 ∗ Mn m % − 2 ∗ Al m % + 4 ∗ Cr m % + 3 ∗ Ni m % + 25 ∗ Mo m % − 20 ∗ Nb m % − 6,3 ∧ 2,7
    Figure imgb0018
     et pour une teneur en bore dissout du matériau de base < 5 ppm se présentant comme suit : VRTP V / s = 2750 / 28,5 ∗ C m % + 3,5 ∗ Si m % + 2,3 ∗ Mn m % − 2 ∗ Al m % + 4 ∗ Cr m % + 3 ∗ Ni m % + 25 ∗ Mo m % − 20 ∗ Nb m % − 7,0 ∧ 1,8 ,
    Figure imgb0019
     P, S, N étant compris comme des impuretés habituelles inévitables, V m% et Ti m% étant ajoutés dans une plage de < 0,5 m%, toutes les valeurs en pourcentage étant en pourcentage en poids, à condition que :
    VTP < 1 : aucune trempe complète n'est assurée par formation de martensite
    VTP = 1 : une barre d'acier non déformée ou préformée peut être trempée = processus indirect
    VTP > 1 : outre le processus indirect, une barre d'acier peut être déformée à chaud ou pour augmenter la sécurité contre une déformation plastique à la trempe (tendance à la déformation à chaud)
    la vitesse de refroidissement dans l'outil TPO fiable admissible étant mesurée avec une composition d'acier souhaitée et une épaisseur de tôle souhaitée pour ladite épaisseur de tôle et la valeur de trempe sous presse VTP étant déterminée à partir de la vitesse de refroidissement de trempe sous presse VRTP théorique, la composition d'acier souhaitée avec une valeur de trempe sous presse de 1 et une installation donnée étant adaptées à un procédé de trempe sous presse indirect et une modelage à chaud avec une valeur de trempe sous presse de > 1 peut être réalisé avec une valeur de trempe sous presse croissante et une sécurité maximale.
  2. Procédé de trempe sous presse d'acier, une tôle d'acier en acier allié durcissable étant soit préformé à froid puis transféré dans un outil, qui a essentiellement le contour du composant préformé et de là, après une étape de chauffe précédente, qui provoque une austénitisation complète, est refroidi à une vitesse qui est supérieure à une vitesse de trempe critique de manière à atteindre un durcissement par trempe du composant préformé, soit une barre d'acier dont la composition permet une trempe sous presse à une température supérieure à la température d'austénitisation puis formée à chaud dans un outil et simultanément refroidie à une vitesse supérieure à une vitesse de trempe critique de manière à provoquer une trempe, la trempe étant provoquée de sorte que la structure austénitique est transférée dans une structure martensitique à > 90 % du vol., notamment > 95 % du volume de martensite et d'austénite résiduelle, de ferrite résiduel et/ou de bainite, caractérisé en ce que la valeur de trempe sous presse est déterminée pour mettre au point l'alliage d'acier adapté à la géométrie de l'installation existante, la valeur de trempe sous presse VTP étant déterminée à partir de l'équation VTP valeur de trempe sous presse = vitesse de refroidissement dans l'outil TPO / vitesse de refroidissement théorique _ TP VRTP ,
    Figure imgb0020
     la vitesse de refroidissement dans l'outil étant prédéterminée ou mesurée pour une épaisseur de tôle souhaitée et la vitesse de refroidissement théorique_TP VRTP pour l'acier, dont la teneur en bore dissout du matériau de base est de > 5 ppm, étant estimée de la manière suivante : VRTP V / s = 1750 / 28,5 ∗ C m % + 3,5 ∗ Si m % + 2,3 ∗ Mn m % − 2 ∗ Al m % + 4 ∗ Cr m % + 3 ∗ Ni m % + 25 ∗ Mo m % − 20 ∗ Nb m % − 6,3 ∧ 2,7
    Figure imgb0021
     et pour une teneur en bore dissout du matériau de base < 5 ppm se présentant comme suit : VRTP V / s = 2750 / 28,5 ∗ C m % + 3,5 ∗ Si m % + 2,3 ∗ Mn m % − 2 ∗ Al m % + 4 ∗ Cr m % + 3 ∗ Ni m % + 25 ∗ Mo m % − 20 ∗ Nb m % − 7,0 ∧ 1,8 ,
    Figure imgb0022
     P, S, N étant compris comme des impuretés habituelles inévitables, V m% et Ti m% étant ajoutés dans une plage de < 0,5 m%, toutes les valeurs en pourcentage étant en pourcentage en poids, à condition que :
    VTP < 1 : aucune trempe complète n'est assurée par formation de martensite
    VTP = 1 : une barre d'acier non déformée ou préformée peut être trempée = processus indirect
    VTP > 1 : outre le processus indirect, une barre d'acier peut être déformée à chaud ou pour augmenter la sécurité contre une déformation plastique à la trempe (tendance à la déformation à chaud)
    un acier allié adapté étant recherché via la valeur de trempe sous presse avec une vitesse de refroidissement dans l'outil TPO connue, un acier étant utilisé pour cela dont la vitesse de refroidissement_TP VRTP est mesurée de telle manière qu'une valeur de trempe sous presse de 1 soit atteinte pour un procédé de trempe sous presse indirect et une valeur de trempe sous presse de > 1, de préférence > 2, soit atteinte pour un procédé de modelage à chaud.
EP13732131.1A 2012-06-26 2013-06-25 Procédé de durcissement d'acier à la presse Active EP2864505B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012105580A DE102012105580B3 (de) 2012-06-26 2012-06-26 Verfahren zum Presshärten von Stahl
PCT/EP2013/063282 WO2014001336A1 (fr) 2012-06-26 2013-06-25 Procédé de trempe d'acier à la presse

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EP2864505A1 EP2864505A1 (fr) 2015-04-29
EP2864505B1 true EP2864505B1 (fr) 2020-05-06

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EP (1) EP2864505B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104487599B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012105580B3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2791713T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014001336A1 (fr)

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DE102013110761B4 (de) 2013-09-27 2016-08-11 Voit Tph Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Verbundbauteils und metallisches Verbundbauteil
BR112019006133A2 (pt) * 2016-10-03 2019-06-18 Ak Steel Properties Inc aço endurecido por prensagem de alto alongamento e fabricação do mesmo
DE102021110702A1 (de) 2021-04-27 2022-10-27 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen gehärteter Stahlbauteile mit unterschiedlich duktilen Bereichen

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EP2367962B2 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2018-07-18 voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH Procédé de fabrication de pièces en tôle d'acier partiellement trempées
JP4825882B2 (ja) * 2009-02-03 2011-11-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 高強度焼き入れ成形体及びその製造方法
DE102009030489A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines warmpressgehärteten Bauteils, Verwendung eines Stahlprodukts für die Herstellung eines warmpressgehärteten Bauteils und warmpressgehärtetes Bauteil
DE102010048209C5 (de) * 2010-10-15 2016-05-25 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines warmumgeformten pressgehärteten Metallbauteils

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
MERKLEIN ET AL: "Determination of Material and Process Characteristics for Hot Stamping Processes of Quenchenable Ultra High Strength Steels with Respect to a FE-based Process Design", vol. 1, no. 1, 15 April 2009 (2009-04-15), pages 411 - 426, XP009505257, ISSN: 0096-736X, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/26282671> DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-0853 *

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CN104487599B (zh) 2016-08-31
DE102012105580B3 (de) 2013-04-25
EP2864505A1 (fr) 2015-04-29
CN104487599A (zh) 2015-04-01
ES2791713T3 (es) 2020-11-05
WO2014001336A1 (fr) 2014-01-03
US20150152517A1 (en) 2015-06-04

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