EP2862211A1 - Diode électroluminescente organique de type pin - Google Patents
Diode électroluminescente organique de type pinInfo
- Publication number
- EP2862211A1 EP2862211A1 EP13728418.8A EP13728418A EP2862211A1 EP 2862211 A1 EP2862211 A1 EP 2862211A1 EP 13728418 A EP13728418 A EP 13728418A EP 2862211 A1 EP2862211 A1 EP 2862211A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transport layer
- elementary
- type
- layer
- oled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/155—Hole transporting layers comprising dopants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/156—Hole transporting layers comprising a multilayered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/166—Electron transporting layers comprising a multilayered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/30—Highest occupied molecular orbital [HOMO], lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO] or Fermi energy values
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/40—Interrelation of parameters between multiple constituent active layers or sublayers, e.g. HOMO values in adjacent layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of organic electroluminescent diodes, also called OLEs.
- Charge carriers of different types are an electron and a hole, paired in an active layer or emission layer comprising organic emitters, to form excitons.
- a radiative recombination allows the emission of light.
- US 7074500 teaches that a use of a correctly doped transport layer, disposed between an electrode and a transmission layer, solves both the injection problem and the transport problem.
- Such an OLE is called PI N.
- the letter P designates the transport layer of the holes doped with an electron acceptor.
- the letter N denotes the electron transport layer doped with an electron donor.
- the letter I designates the emission layer.
- the increase of the surface of the transparent electrode causes a voltage drop in the LO LO as one moves away from the electrical contact of this electrode.
- This voltage drop on the OLED surface causes poor luminance uniformity over the entire OLED surface.
- This uniformity is even lower than the surface of the DE LO is large.
- This poor dispersion of the voltage over a large area of the OLED causes poor thermal dispersion over the entire surface, which reduces the life of the OLED.
- tandem structure which superimposes at least two DELOs. This reduces the current and increases the light output.
- tandem structure leads to excessive costs because of material and manufacturing costs, at least doubled.
- WO-A1-2007071450 shows an electronic device with a plurality of stacked OLEDs.
- Document DE 102008 051 132 A1 describes a DELO PIN with at least one transport layer having several consecutive elementary transport layers with a decrease of conductivity in the elementary layers, the further away the electrode associated with the transport. This is obtained in reducing the dopant concentration and / or modifying the dopant in the elementary transport layers.
- this maximum concentration is relatively low and frequently between 10 and 25% depending on the dopants.
- concentration variation range of the dopant is relatively narrow and corresponds to low concentrations that are difficult to control in an OLED production system.
- the problem of the present invention is to obtain for a DELO type PI N a decrease of the electrical conductivity of at least one transport layer in direction of the em issive layer by avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the subject of the invention is an organic light-emitting diode, DELO, of PIN type, comprising a stack comprising the following ordered succession:
- a first transport layer of a first type of charge carrier doped with a first type of dopant, of P or N, adapted to the type of charge carrier,
- a second transport layer of a second type of charge carrier different from the first type of charge carrier, doped with a second type of dopant, different from the first type of dopant,
- the technical effect of the present invention is to obtain the decay of conductivity of one or both transport layers only by acting on the mobility of the charge carriers.
- the conductivity of the charge carriers is the product of the mobility of charge carriers and the density of the charge carriers. Doping introduces an increase in the density of the charge carriers while their mobility remains unchanged.
- WO-A1 -2007071450 describes meanwhile, in a plurality of stacked OLEDs, a selection of materials for which the conductivity is increasing starting from an electrode, which goes against the solution of the invention. .
- the present invention adopts the opposite approach which is not to act on the density of the charge carriers by decreasing it but an elementary transport layer is removed from the associated electrode but to act on the mobility of the charge carriers.
- a variation in the charge carrier mobility of the decreasing elementary transport layers according to the distance of said layer relative to the associated electrode is much easier to implement than the change in the concentration of the dopant in a reduced range of concentration as is the case for a variation in the number of charge carriers according to the state of the art.
- This variation in the mobility of the charge carriers can, for example, be obtained by changing the base material of a transport elementary layer relative to the material of an adjacent layer, the material of the layer farthest from the electrode having the lowest charge carrier mobility.
- the present invention proposes on the contrary the use of different transport materials having different load carrier mobilities and doped with the same dopant concentration.
- transport layer means a layer capable of carrying out a transport function of a type of load.
- the layer comprises several elementary transport layers, they follow each other, being in contact, depending on the thickness OLED.
- the transport layer is thus a stack of elementary layers.
- a P-type dopant used to dope an elementary transport layer is an organic or inorganic dopant and has a LUMO level or a conduction band greater than 4 eV.
- said LUMO level or conduction band is greater than 4.8 eV.
- an N-type dopant used to dopate an elementary transport layer is an organic or inorganic dopant and has a HOMO level or a valence band of less than 4 eV.
- said HOMO or valence band level is less than 3 eV.
- the LED light-emitting diode further comprises:
- a first blocking layer of a second type of charge carrier disposed between said first transport layer and said transmission layer
- a second blocking layer of a first type of charge carrier disposed between said transmission layer and said second transport layer.
- the mobility of an elementary transport layer closest to the neighboring electrode is at least equal to 10 -3 cm 2 A s.
- the conductivity of an elementary transport layer closest to the neighboring electrode is at least equal to 10 -5 S / cm.
- the decrease in mobility between an elementary transport layer and an adjacent elementary transport layer further from the neighboring electrode is a factor of at least ten.
- the total thickness of a transport layer is at least equal to 100 nm.
- the total thickness of a transport layer is at least 200 nm.
- the thickness of an elementary transport layer closest to the neighboring electrode is less than or equal to 30 nm.
- the thickness of an elementary transport layer furthest from the neighboring electrode is maximum, in order to contribute predominantly to achieve the total thickness of the transport layer.
- first transport layer and the second transport layer comprise the same number of elementary transport layers and the decay of conductivity between an elementary transport layer and an adjacent elementary transport layer, both belonging to the first transport layer.
- transport layer is substantially equal to the decay of conductivity between symmetrical elementary transport layers belonging to the second transport layer.
- the PIN light-emitting diode has a hole transport layer comprising at least two elementary transport layers selected from the following three layers:
- the electroluminescent diode PIN has an electron transport layer comprising at least two elementary transport layers chosen from the following four layers:
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a DELO according to the invention
- FIG. 2 presents a diagram of the relative energy levels of a DELO according to the invention
- FIG. 3a shows a curve of mobility through the elementary transport layers
- FIG. 4 shows a comparative current / voltage diagram for embodiments of an OLED according to the invention with different elementary transport layer numbers.
- FIG. 1 shows an organic light-emitting diode, OLED, PIN type.
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- PIN type organic light-emitting diode
- Such OLED is characterized by a stack, comprising a transmission layer 5 or active layer, disposed centrally between two electrodes 2, 8. This emitting layer 5 is still called EML.
- the application of an electrical voltage between the two electrodes, a cathode 8 and an anode 2 performs an injection of respective charge carriers in the OLED.
- the charge carriers are of two types: electrons of negative electric charge coming from the cathode 8 and positive holes of positive electrical charge coming from the anode 2. These respective charge carriers migrate in opposite directions in the OLED, until joining, ideally in said emission layer 5. They pair in pairs, between different charge carriers that is to say an electron with a hole, to form an exciton.
- Said exciton when it is formed in the active layer 5, because of the particular chemical composition of said active layer 5, performs a radiative recombination which produces a photon and thus allows a light emission 9.
- This light emission 9 diffuses through the anode 2 and the substrate 1, both advantageously translucent, in the case of a downward emission OLED.
- Said stack is typically disposed on a substrate 1 and the components of said stack are generally protected from environmental stress, including oxidation by air, moisture, etc., by encapsulation, not shown in the figures.
- An active layer 5 capable of emitting a red light may, in particular, be produced by means of a layer of Alq3 doped at a concentration of 1% with a red organic emitter, such as 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2- t-butyl-6 (1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl) -4H-pyran (DCJTB).
- a red organic emitter such as 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2- t-butyl-6 (1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl) -4H-pyran (DCJTB).
- Such emission layer 5 has a typical thickness of 20 nm.
- This layer, as well as all the layers described in the present application can typically be carried out, in known manner, by thermal evaporation under a vacuum of less than 10 -5 mtorr.
- a PI N type denotes a DELO made by framing an insulating layer, the PIN layer, here the light emitting layer EML 5 by a transport layer. 3 P type doped, the P PIN, and a N-type doped transport layer 7, the N PIN.
- a PIN type OLE typically comprises stacked in successive and orderly fashion:
- this stack comprises symmetrically an electrode 2, 8, a first transport layer 3, 7 for charge carriers of a first type, a transmission layer 5, a second transport layer 3, 7 for carriers of charge of a second type and a second electrode 2, 8.
- Each electrode 2, 8 is able to inject a different type of charge carrier.
- Anode 2 injects holes.
- a cathode 8 injects electrons.
- An anode 2 is typically made of indium tin oxide, otherwise known as ITO, at a thickness of 120 nm.
- a cathode 8 is typically made of aluminum with a thickness of 100 nm.
- a transport layer 3, 7 is close to an electrode 2, 8 and is doped with a dopant which may be P-type or N-type.
- a transport layer 3, 7 is doped in order to promote the transport of a type of charge carrier. This type of charge carrier is the type of charge carrier injected by the electrode 2, 8 which is close to it.
- P-type doping comprises an electron acceptor dopant and thus promotes the transport of holes.
- N-type doping comprises an electron donor dopant and thus promotes the transport of electrons.
- the transport layer 3 adjacent to the anode 2, which injects holes, is a hole-conveying layer 3 and is p-type doped.
- the hole transport layer 3 is also called HTL of the English Hole Transport Layer. .
- the transport layer 7 adjacent to the cathode 8, which injects electrons is an electron transport layer 7 and is N-doped.
- the electron transport layer 7 is also called ETL of the English Electron Transport. Layer.
- At least one transport layer 3, 7 is made by means of at least two layers.
- Each of the layers thus constituting a transport layer 3, 7 is hereinafter referred to as the elementary transport layer 31, 32, 33, 3i, 3n, 71, 72, 73, 7i, 7n.
- Such an elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n advantageously has, with respect to an adjacent elementary transport layer, a decreasing mobility as the elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n moves away from the
- the elementary transport layer 31, 71 closest to the neighboring electrode 2, 8 of the "parent" transport layer 3, 7 has the highest mobility.
- the mobility decreases elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n in elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n, as one moves away from the electrode 2, 8 and that one is approaching the emission layer 5.
- At least one of the two transport layers 3, 7 is thus produced by means of elementary transport layers 31 -3n, 71 -7n.
- the other transport layer 3, 7 can be made according to the prior art in a single thick layer.
- the embodiment with decreasing mobility with the distance from the electrode 2, 8 is advantageously applied to the two transport layers 3, 7.
- the dopant used for an elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n is not different from an elementary transport layer to another elemental transport layer.
- all the elementary transport layers 31 -3n, 71 -7n of the same type of transport layer 3, 7 advantageously favor the transport of the same type of charge carrier.
- all the elementary transport layers of the same "parent" transport layer 3, 7 are advantageously doped with a dopant of the same type, from P or N, as the type of dopant that would have been used to produce a layer. single transport. Dopant concentration is constant in all transport layers.
- an elementary transport layer 31 -3n of hole can be carried out by means of 2,7-Bis [N, N-bis (4-methoxy-phenyl) amino] -9,9-spirobifluorene (MeO- spiro-TPD); Phthalocyanine (CuPc); 4,4 ', 4 "-tris- (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA); 2,2', 7,7'-tetra (N, N-di-tolyl) amino-spiro-bifluorene (spiro TTB); 4,4'-bis- [N- (naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl ( ⁇ -NPD); N, N'-bis (Inaphthyl) N, N'-diphenyl-1,1 4'-biphenyl-4'-diamine (N-PB); N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-
- an elementary transport layer 71 -7n of electron can be carried out using / V-arylbenzimidazoles trimer (TPBI); 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen); bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinate) -4-phenylphenolate aluminum (BAIq); tris- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3).
- TPBI V-arylbenzimidazoles trimer
- Bphen 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- BAIq bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinate) -4-phenylphenolate aluminum
- Alq3 tris- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum
- each elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n is doped with the same dopant concentration. This greatly simplifies the process of making an elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n.
- FIG. 3b shows a curve representing ordinate the electrical conductivity, expressed in Siemens / centimeter or S / cm, as a function of the elementary transport layer. 31 -3n, 71 -7n, represented on the abscissa.
- the conductivity of the elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n is an increasing function of mobility.
- a P-type dopant promotes the displacement of holes and is used to dope an elemental transport layer 31 -3n belonging to an HTL 3 hole transport layer.
- This component may be organic, inorganic or metallic.
- any organic dopant of the P type used for doping such an elementary transport layer 31 -3n has a LUMO level greater than 4 eV. This advantageously allows the transfer of electrons from the transport layer to the P dopant.
- said LUMO level is greater than 4.8 eV.
- an N-type dopant promotes electron displacement and is used to dope an elemental transport layer 71 -7n belonging to an ETL electron transport layer 7.
- This component may be organic, inorganic or metallic.
- any N-type organic dopant used to dope such an elementary transport layer 71 -7 n has a HOMO level of less than 4 eV. This advantageously allows the transfer of electrons from dopant N to the transport layer.
- said HOMO level is less than 3 eV.
- the LUMO and HOMO levels apply only to organic dopants.
- the term LUMO should be replaced by "conduction band”, and replace the term HOMO by "valence band”.
- the metal output work is advantageously greater than 4 eV. Ideally the output work is greater than 4.7 eV. In the case of an N-type metal dopant, the metal output work is advantageously less than 4 eV. Ideally the output work is less than 3 eV.
- the literature provides many indications of HUMO and LUMO values.
- the values can also be measured by cyclic voltammetry and material absorption measurement.
- a blocking layer 4, 6 is a layer capable of blocking / slowing down a type of charge carrier.
- the type of charge carrier is determined by the type of dopant used.
- a blocking layer 4, 6 for a type of charge carrier is advantageously arranged, adjacent to the emission layer 5, on the side opposite to the electrode 2, 8 which injects said type of charge carrier.
- a hole-locking layer 6 is advantageously disposed adjacent to the emitting layer EML 5, on the opposite side, relative to the emitting layer EML 5, to the anode 2 which injects said holes.
- a hole blocking layer 6 is also called HBL of the English Hole Blocking Layer.
- a hole blocking layer 6 is thus advantageously arranged between the ETL electron transport layer 7 and the EML 5 emission layer.
- an electron-blocking layer 4 is advantageously disposed adjacent to the emitting layer EML 5, on the opposite side, relative to the emitting layer EML 5, to the cathode 8 which injects said electrons.
- An electron blocking layer 4 is also called EBL of the English Electron Blocking Layer.
- An electron blocking layer 4 is thus advantageously arranged between the HTL 3 hole transport layer and the EML 5 emission layer.
- a blocking layer 4, 6 able to block this type of charge carrier, prevents said charge carriers from leaving the transmission layer EML 5.
- the blocking layer or layers 4, 6 thus produce a confinement effect of the charge carriers, and therefore excitons, in the emitting layer EML 5. This has the effect of improving the external light output, by producing more photons for the same number of charge carriers injected.
- the blocking layer (s) 4, 6 have appropriate energy levels with the neighboring EML 5 emission layer.
- an EBL 4 electron-blocking layer can be produced by means of N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methyl-phenyl) -I, 4,4-biphenyl. diamine (TPD), according to a thickness indicative of 10 nm.
- a HBL 6 hole-blocking layer may be produced using benzimidazolylbenzene (TPBi), with a thickness indicative of 10 nm.
- TPBi benzimidazolylbenzene
- This first layer of elemental carriage 31, 71 has a mobility of at least 10 "3 cm 2 A s. This mobility introduced with a high doping conductivity at least equal to 10" 5 S / cm and is effective at the contact interface between the elementary transport layer 31, 71 and the electrode 2, 8, to greatly reduce the energy barrier. This reduction advantageously makes it possible to efficiently inject the charge carriers. This advantageously makes it possible to maintain a threshold voltage of the same order as the interval of the emission layer 5. This is particularly visible on the energy diagram of FIG. 2.
- the mobility of the following elementary transport layers 32-3n, 72-7n is determined by being lower, while being such that each subsequent elementary transport layer 32-3n, 72-7n makes it possible to ensure a satisfactory transport of the carriers of charge.
- the decay the mobility and therefore the conductivity between an elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n and an adjacent elementary transport layer further away from the adjacent electrode 2,8 is by a factor of at least 10.
- the dopant concentration in all the transport layers is advantageously constant.
- the dopant concentration is greater than 1%, ideally 6%.
- the dopant concentration is greater than 5%, ideally 15%.
- the dopant concentration is greater than 10%, ideally 50%.
- the mobility and consequently the conductivity decreases by an order of magnitude of an elementary transport layer 31 -3n, 71 -7n to its more central neighbor.
- the elementary transport layer 31, 71 closest to the electrode 2, 8 has an electrical mobility of 10 -3 cm 2 A s
- the following elemental transport layer 32, 72 presents an electric mobility of 10 "4 cm 2 A s.
- the elementary transport layer 31, 71 closest to the electrode 2, 8 has an electrical conductivity of 10 -5 S / cm
- the following elemental transport layer 32, 72 has a electrical conductivity of 10 "6 S / cm.
- a transport layer 3, 7 also has the function of planarizing the electrode 2, 8 which is adjacent thereto. This is applicable at least to the anode 2.
- the base substrate 1 when producing an OLED, the base substrate 1 must be perfectly cleaned of any dust. Despite all the efforts to work in clean zone, such a goal is difficult to reach.
- the electrode 2, 8 by its very embodiment, inevitably has a steep topography with significant peaks compared to the relative thicknesses envisaged for the different layers.
- the transport layer 3, 7 in order to overcome these asperities, dust and peaks, it is appropriate that the transport layer 3, 7 as a whole has a thickness such that it totally immerses the said asperities, thus achieving a planarization. In order to achieve this planarization, the total thickness of the transport layer 3, 7 should be at least equal to 100 nm.
- the average height of said asperities increases.
- a thickness of 150 nm for the transport layer 3, 7 makes it possible to produce a matrix of larger size.
- the average height of said asperities continues to increase, until reaching a limit value where saturation occurs. It thus appears that a total thickness of the transport 3, 7 ideally equal to 200 nm allows a satisfactory planarization, including for matrices of large dimensions.
- planarization is obtained by means of the total thickness of the transport layer 3, 7, that is to say the sum of the thicknesses of the constituent elementary transport layers 31 -3n or 71 -7n.
- the prior art required a planarizing transport layer of great thickness, 100 to 200 nm, and having a high conductivity, greater than 10 -6 S / cm, which requires a high mobility of the charge carriers.
- electric mobility device makes it possible to obtain separately, on the one hand the high conductivity required, in contact with the electrode 2, 8, and on the other hand a total thickness of the transport layer 3, 7 sufficiently large for carrying out planarization by means of other elementary transport layers 32-3n, 72-7n Because of their lower mobility, the progressive decay of the electrical conductivity within the elementary transport layers 31 -3n or 71- Nevertheless, it is possible to guarantee electrical and light performance, such as the level of energy efficiency, very close to those obtained with a single transport layer according to the prior art. and good homogeneity on OLEs with large areas.
- the first elementary transport layer 31, 71 In order to perform its injection function by having a high mobility and therefore a high electrical conductivity, the first elementary transport layer 31, 71, adjacent to the electrode 2, 8, requires only a thickness of at least 10nm. Ideally such a first elementary transport layer 31, 71 has a maximum thickness of 30 nm.
- the thicknesses of the other elementary transport layers 32-3n, 72-7n are arbitrary. They depend on the number of elementary transport layers, the total thickness of the transport layer 3, 7 and the desired electrical mobility variation with the next transport elementary layer.
- the realization of the total thickness of the transport layer 3, 7, in order to perform the planarization function can be obtained by means of a majority contribution of the last elementary transport layer 3n, 7n or elementary transport layer which is the furthest layer of the electrode 2, 8 and also the one closest to the emission layer 5.
- a hole transport layer 3 shown in an illustrative but nonlimiting manner, may comprise the following 3 elementary transport layers 31 -33: a first elementary transport layer 31 made of TPD doped with 3% F4-TCNQ dopant with a thickness of 30 nm,
- the last elementary transport layer 33 contributes most of the 150 nm thickness of the hole transport layer.
- the intrinsic mobility of the TPD, TPB and MTDATA layer is of the order of 10 "3 cm 2 A s, 10 " 4 A / s, 10 "5 cm 2 A / s, respectively, because by doping these materials with 3% F4TCNQ, the conductivity of the TPD, TPB and MTDATA layer is of the order of 10 "5 cm 2 / Vs, 10 " 6 cm 2 A / s, 10 "7 cm 2 A / s, respectively.
- the conductivity curve 10 of FIG. 3b decreasing from an elementary transport layer 31, 71 adjacent to an electrode 2, 8 to an elementary transport layer furthest from the electrode 2, 8 and adjacent to the layer 5 or a blocking layer 4, 6, may have any shape. It appears, however, that a regular decay, either log-linear or, which is equivalent, according to a regular geometric progression such as that of the illustrated curve, favors the transport of the charge carriers and proves to be optimal.
- the numbers of respective elementary transport layers of the HTL 3 hole transport layer and the ETL electron transport layer 7 are different. With the same number of elementary transport layers, it may still be possible to have a different symmetry of conductivity variation on both sides of the transmission layer.
- a decrease in conductivity between an elementary transport layer and an adjacent elementary transport layer, both belonging to the first transport layer is substantially equal to the conductivity decrease between the symmetrical elementary transport layers. belonging to the second transport layer.
- Figure 4 shows a density diagram of current in mA / cm 2 as a function of the applied voltage for three embodiments of a OLED.
- Curve 11 presents the characteristic curve of a PIN type OLEP whose transport layers 3, 7 comprise a single elementary transport layer.
- Curve 12 shows the characteristic curve of a PIN-type OLO whose transport layers 3, 7 comprise two elementary transport layers.
- Curve 13 presents the characteristic curve of a PI N type OLE 2 whose transport layers 3, 7 comprise three elementary transport layers.
- the elementary transport layer 31, 71, adjacent to the electrode 2, 8 has a conductivity of 10 -5 S / cm, the following possible elementary transport layers 32-3n, 72-7n present respectively and, in the order of approximation of the emission layer 5, conductivities of 10 -6 and 10 -7 S / cm.
- the comparison of the curves 1 1 to 13 shows again and especially that the slope of the currents 1 1 to 1 3 decreases substantially with the number of elementary transport layers. This decrease promotes the uniformity of luminance over an extended area greater than 50 cm 2 .
- the uniformity is only 40% for a device with an elementary transport layer of the curve 1 1 illustrating the prior art.
- the two-layer device of the curve 12 makes it possible to observe a uniformity of 55%.
- the three-layer device of the curve 13 makes it possible to observe a uniformity of 80%.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1255680A FR2992097B1 (fr) | 2012-06-18 | 2012-06-18 | Diode electroluminescente organique de type pin |
PCT/EP2013/062362 WO2013189850A1 (fr) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-06-14 | Diode électroluminescente organique de type pin |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2862211A1 true EP2862211A1 (fr) | 2015-04-22 |
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EP13728418.8A Withdrawn EP2862211A1 (fr) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-06-14 | Diode électroluminescente organique de type pin |
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US (1) | US9419238B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2862211A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20150020706A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2992097B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013189850A1 (fr) |
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KR102135929B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-31 | 2020-07-20 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 백색 유기 발광 소자 |
CN104241540A (zh) * | 2014-09-04 | 2014-12-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种有机电致发光显示器件、其制作方法及显示装置 |
CN104409649B (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-08-24 | 天津理工大学 | 一种低压有机发光二极管及其制备方法 |
CN109216565B (zh) | 2017-06-30 | 2021-05-18 | 昆山国显光电有限公司 | 有机电致发光器件及其制备方法 |
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WO2000017911A1 (fr) | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-30 | Fed Corporation | Diode electroluminescente organique a matrice active pourvue d'une couche organique dopee a epaisseur augmentee |
DE10058578C2 (de) | 2000-11-20 | 2002-11-28 | Univ Dresden Tech | Lichtemittierendes Bauelement mit organischen Schichten |
DE10261609B4 (de) * | 2002-12-20 | 2007-05-03 | Novaled Ag | Lichtemittierende Anordnung |
JP2008509565A (ja) * | 2004-08-13 | 2008-03-27 | ノヴァレッド・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 発光成分用積層体 |
US7629741B2 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-12-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | OLED electron-injecting layer |
WO2007071450A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Novaled Ag | Dispositif electronique a structure en couche faite de couches organiques |
GB0617723D0 (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-10-18 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Conductive polymer compositions in opto-electrical devices |
US8729596B2 (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2014-05-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic electroluminescent element, organic electroluminescent display device, organic electroluminescent illuminating device, and method for manufacturing organic electroluminescent element |
TW201228066A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-01 | Au Optronics Corp | Organic electroluminescent device |
KR101908385B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-02 | 2018-10-17 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기 발광 소자 |
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2012
- 2012-06-18 FR FR1255680A patent/FR2992097B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-06-14 KR KR20157001298A patent/KR20150020706A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-06-14 US US14/409,256 patent/US9419238B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-14 WO PCT/EP2013/062362 patent/WO2013189850A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-06-14 EP EP13728418.8A patent/EP2862211A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20150020706A (ko) | 2015-02-26 |
US20150171361A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
FR2992097A1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 |
WO2013189850A1 (fr) | 2013-12-27 |
FR2992097B1 (fr) | 2015-03-27 |
US9419238B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
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