EP2851438B1 - Verfahren zum laden eines rohmaterials in einen hochofen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum laden eines rohmaterials in einen hochofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2851438B1
EP2851438B1 EP13791652.4A EP13791652A EP2851438B1 EP 2851438 B1 EP2851438 B1 EP 2851438B1 EP 13791652 A EP13791652 A EP 13791652A EP 2851438 B1 EP2851438 B1 EP 2851438B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coke
ore
small
blast furnace
ore material
Prior art date
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EP13791652.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2851438A1 (de
EP2851438A4 (de
Inventor
Kazuhira ICHIKAWA
Jun Ishii
Toshiyuki HIROSAWA
Shiro Watakabe
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for loading (charging) blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace by charging blast furnace raw material into the furnace with a rotating chute.
  • ore material such as sintered ore, pellet, lump ore, and the like and coke are charged into a blast furnace from the furnace top in a layer state, and combustion gas is injected through a tuyere to yield pig iron.
  • the coke and ore material that constitute the blast furnace raw material charged into the blast furnace descend from the furnace top to the furnace bottom, the ore reduces, and the temperature of the raw material rises.
  • the ore material layer gradually deforms due to the temperature rise and the load from above while filling the voids between ore materials, and at the bottom of the shaft of the blast furnace, gas permeability resistance grows extremely large, forming a cohesive layer where nearly no gas flows.
  • blast furnace raw material is charged into a blast furnace by alternately charging ore material and coke.
  • ore material layers and coke layers form alternately.
  • cohesive zone ore material layers with a large gas permeability resistance, where ore has softened and cohered, exist along with a coke slit, derived from coke, with a relatively small gas permeability resistance.
  • the gas permeability of the cohesive zone greatly affects the gas permeability of the blast furnace as a whole and limits the rate of productivity in the blast furnace.
  • JP H3-211210 A discloses charging, in a bell-less blast furnace, coke into an ore hopper that is downstream among the ore hoppers, layering coke onto the ore on a conveyor, and charging the ore and coke into the furnace top bunker and then into the blast furnace via a rotating chute.
  • JP 2004-107794 A discloses separately storing ore and coke in the furnace top bunker and mixing the coke and ore while charging them simultaneously in order to yield three batches at the same time: a batch for regularly charged coke, a batch for mainly charging coke, and a batch for mixed charging.
  • JP S59-10402 B2 discloses a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace whereby all of the ore and all of the coke are charged into the furnace after being completely mixed.
  • EP 1 811 044 A1 discloses a three hopper charging installation (10) for a shaft furnace, comprising a rotary distribution device (14) for distributing bulk material in the furnace by rotating a distribution member about the furnace central axis (A) and a first, a second and a third hopper (20, 22, 24) arranged in parallel above the rotary distribution device and offset from the central axis.
  • a sealing valve housing (32') is arranged between the hoppers and the distribution device.
  • the sealing valve house has a top part (46') with a first, a second and a third inlet (150, 152, 154) respectively communicating with the first, the second and the third hopper.
  • the representative mean particle size of coke is approximately 40 mm to 50 mm, and the mean particle size of ore is approximately 15 mm.
  • the particle sizes thus greatly differ, and simply mixing the coke and ore may lead to problems such as a great reduction in the void ratio, worsening of gas permeability in the furnace, blowout of gas, and improper descent of blast furnace raw material.
  • One possible method for avoiding these problems is to form a layer of only coke near the center of the furnace shaft. With this method, a path for gas is ensured by the coke layer near the center of the furnace shaft, allowing for improvement of gas permeability.
  • the present invention has been developed in light of the above circumstances, and it is an object thereof to provide a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace that ensures gas permeability in the blast furnace, stabilizes blast furnace operations, and improves thermal efficiency even when performing an operation to mix a large amount of coke.
  • main features of the present invention are as follows.
  • the blast furnace when charging ore material and coke into a blast furnace, large ore material is simultaneously discharged when discharging lump coke, and small ore material is simultaneously discharged when discharging small coke. Therefore, gas permeability is improved dramatically at the bottom of the furnace, reducibility of ore is greatly improved, and even when performing an operation to mix a large amount of coke, the blast furnace can be operated stably.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the following: a blast furnace 10, furnace top bunkers 12a to 12c, flow regulating gates 13, a collecting hopper 14, a bell-less charging device 15, and a rotating chute 16. Furthermore, ⁇ indicates the angle of the rotating chute with respect to a vertical direction.
  • the coke used with the present invention is not particularly limited and may be any known coke for blast furnaces.
  • the ore material is also not particularly limited, as long as the ore material is a regularly used ore for blast furnaces such as sintered ore, pellet, lump ore, and the like.
  • the order for charging blast furnace raw material from the furnace top bunkers is as follows. First, the rotating chute 16 is set to charge blast furnace raw material into the inner peripheral region of the blast furnace wall, and by charging only coke from the furnace top bunker 12a, into which lump coke has been charged, a central coke layer can be formed in the central portion of the blast furnace as necessary, and a peripheral coke layer can be formed in the inner peripheral region of the furnace wall.
  • the rotating chute 16 set to charge blast furnace raw material into the central portion of the blast furnace or into the furnace wall region, the flow regulating gates 13 of the furnace top bunkers 12b and 12c are closed, the flow regulating gate 13 of only the furnace top bunker 12a is opened, and only the lump coke stored in the furnace top bunker 12a is fed to the rotating chute 16.
  • a central coke layer can be formed in the central portion of the blast furnace, and a peripheral coke layer can be formed in the inner peripheral region of the furnace wall.
  • the coke is classified into lump coke and small coke, and separate furnace top bunkers are filled with the lump coke and the small coke.
  • the ore material is classified into large ore material and small ore material, and separate furnace top bunkers are filled with the large ore material and the small ore material.
  • large ore material is simultaneously discharged when discharging lump coke, and small coke and small ore material are simultaneously discharged.
  • lump coke and large ore material are simultaneously discharged, whereas when discharging small coke, small ore material is simultaneously discharged, as described above.
  • the reduction in the void ratio of the blast furnace lumpy zone is thus eliminated, and even when mixing a large amount of coke, gas permeability in the blast furnace can be ensured.
  • a mixed layer of lump coke and large ore material is referred to as a mixed layer L
  • a mixed layer of small coke and small ore material is referred to as a mixed layer S.
  • the effects of the present invention may be obtained when, in accordance with the allocation of blast furnace raw material during actual production, the mixed layer L and mixed layer S are layered alternately, one mixed layer S is layered on top of a plurality of mixed layers L, or conversely one mixed layer L is layered on top of a plurality of mixed layers S, or when a layer of only coke is formed between any of these layers.
  • the central coke layer and peripheral coke layer may be formed together.
  • the device for assessing a packed layer pressure drop illustrated in FIG. 2 was used to measure the pressure drop of the ore coke packed layer before and after classification.
  • FIG. 3(a) illustrates a particle size distribution for pre-classified ore and lump coke
  • FIG. 3(b) illustrates a particle size distribution for pre-classified ore and small coke
  • FIG. 4(a) illustrates a particle size distribution for large ore and lump coke
  • FIG. 4(b) illustrates a particle size distribution for small ore and small coke.
  • FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) illustrate the results of measuring the pressure drop when filling the device for assessing a packed layer pressure drop illustrated in FIG. 2 with samples having the particle size distributions in FIG. 3(a), FIG. 3(b) , FIG. 4(a), and FIG. 4(b) .
  • Ore with a mass of 1900 g was mixed with coke with a mass of 170 g, and the mixture was charged into cylindrical containers to yield the samples.
  • the particle size range of the small coke is preferably 10 mm to 40 mm.
  • the particle size range of the lump coke is preferably 30 mm to 75 mm. The reason is that upon deviating from the above particle size ranges, the effect of reducing the packed layer pressure drop lessens in every case. Note that as indicated above, the particle size ranges may overlap.
  • the particle size range of the small ore material is preferably 3 mm to 20 mm, and the particle size range of the large ore material is preferably 10 mm to 50 mm. The reason is that here as well, upon deviating from the above particle size ranges, the effect of reducing the packed layer pressure drop lessens in every case. Note that as indicated above, the particle size ranges of the ore material as well may overlap.
  • ⁇ p L 150 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ u D p 2 + 1.75 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ u 2 D p
  • ⁇ [kg/m 3 ] is the density of fluid
  • ⁇ [Poise] is the coefficient of viscosity of fluid
  • u [m/sec] is the mean flow velocity of fluid
  • Dp [m] is the average particle diameter
  • ⁇ [-] is the void ratio
  • ⁇ p/L [Pa/m] is the packed layer pressure drop.
  • FIG. 6 shows the measurement results.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a conventional understanding of geometrically calculating the proportion of large particles and the reduction in void ratio. From FIG. 7 , it is clear that when the particle size ratio is in a range of 0.2 to 0.1, the void ratio is greatly reduced. It is also clear that at a particle size ratio of 0.1, the void ratio becomes approximately 33 % when the proportion of large particles is near 65 %.
  • the ratio of the harmonic mean size of the small ore material to the harmonic mean size of the small coke and the ratio of the harmonic mean size of the large ore material to the harmonic mean size of the lump coke are each preferably 0.2 or more.
  • the actual coke ore mixed layer has a particle size distribution, and considering how the void ratio is further reduced, when the particle size ratio is 0.1, the void ratio may become less than 0.3.
  • the particle size ratio of ore and coke is preferably 0.1 or more and more preferably 0.2 or more for both the combination of large ore with lump coke and of small ore with small coke.
  • the particle size ratio is not particularly limited, yet preferably is approximately 0.2 to 0.75.
  • the ore material at the bottom of the blast furnace dissolves, the coke and ore material charged into the blast furnace descend from the furnace top to the furnace bottom, and the ore material is reduced and rises in temperature.
  • the ore material and the coke are completely mixed, with coke penetrating between the ore materials.
  • the gas permeability improves, and high-temperature gas passes directly between ore materials, allowing for improvement of heat-transfer properties without delay in heat transfer.
  • ore layers and coke layers are formed after the above-described particle size adjustment, thereby allowing for uniform gas flow, a guarantee of good thermal conductivity, and stable improvement in gas permeability, thus resolving the problems in the above conventional example.
  • the necessary amount of coke i.e. the coke ratio is 320 kg/t to 350 kg/t, yet by charging blast furnace raw material in accordance with the present invention, the coke ratio can be reduced to approximately 270 kg/t to 300 kg/t.
  • furnace top bunkers may be filled with the lump coke, small coke, large ore material, and small ore material. Furthermore, a different furnace top bunker may be filled with lump coke that, among the lump coke, is not mixed with the ore material.
  • the laboratory device illustrated in FIG. 2 was used to simulate a blast furnace lumpy zone in a blast furnace, and the packed layer pressure drop was examined.
  • This laboratory device is a cylindrical stainless steel tube with a diameter of 10 cm, as illustrated in FIG. 2 , and a predetermined volume of air can be blown in from the bottom. At the top and the bottom of the tube, openings for measuring the pressure inside the tube are provided and are connected to a pressure gauge by tubing.
  • Comparative Example 1 the coke specific consumption of the coke mixture was 120 kg/t.
  • the ore was classified, and small ore and large ore were respectively mixed.
  • the mixing quantity of coke was further increased to 200 kg/t-p.
  • the particle size range of the small ore was reduced to further the improvement in gas permeability over Inventive Example 2.
  • the sample layers in FIG. 2 included the two layers of lump coke + ore (without classification) and small coke + ore (without classification), and in Inventive Examples 1, 2, and 3, the sample layers included the two layers of lump coke + large ore and small coke + small ore.
  • particle size ranges, mass ratios, and harmonic mean sizes of the coke and ore in these layers were all as listed in Table 1.
  • the particle size is preferably measured after discharge from an ore bin for storing ore near the ground and from a coke bin for storing coke.
  • Dp [m] is the harmonic mean size of particles
  • w i [-] is the mass ratio of each sieve opening
  • d pi [m] is the representative particle size of each sieve opening.
  • Table 1 shows that by classifying the ore as listed in Inventive Example 1, the packed layer pressure drop can be sufficiently mitigated. Table 1 also shows that for Inventive Example 2, by increasing the ratio of large ore and decreasing the small ore, the mean particle size of the small ore decreased. Therefore, although the packed layer gas permeability resistance increased as compared to Inventive Example 1, a lower packed layer gas permeability resistance than Comparative Example 1 of 1000 Pa or more per 1 m was achieved.
  • Table 1 shows that for Inventive Example 3, since the ratio of the large ore was the same as Inventive Example 2 yet the particle width of the small ore was reduced, the packed layer gas permeability resistance increased as compared to Inventive Example 1, yet a lower packed layer gas permeability resistance than Comparative Example 1 of 2000 Pa or more per 1 m was achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen einschließlich Koks und Erzmaterial wie beispielsweise gesintertes Erz, Pellets und Stückerz in einen Hochofen unter Verwendung zumindest dreier Ofenhochbunker, die an einer Spitze des Hochofens des Hochofens angeordnet sind, eines Sammeltrichters, der an einem Ausgang der Ofenhochbunker angeordnet ist, um die von den Ofenhochbunkern abgegebenen Einsatzstoffe zu mischen und die Einsatzstoffe einer Drehschurre zuzuführen, und der Drehschurre, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Klassifizieren des Koks in Stückkoks und Kleinkoks und separates Füllen der Ofenhochbunker mit dem Stückkoks und dem Kleinkoks;
    Klassifizieren des Erzmaterials in grobes Erzmaterial und feines Erzmaterial und separates Füllen der Ofenhochbunker mit dem groben Erzmaterial und dem feinen Erzmaterial; und
    anschließend gleichzeitiges Abgeben des groben Erzmaterials wenn das Stückkoks abgegeben wird und gleichzeitiges Abgeben des feinen Erzmaterials wenn das Kleinkoks abgegeben wird.
  2. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen in einen Hochofen gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Partikelgrößenbereich des Kleinkoks 10 mm bis 40 mm beträgt und der Partikelgrößenbereich des feinen Erzmaterials 3 mm bis 20 mm beträgt.
  3. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen in einen Hochofen gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Partikelgrößenbereich des Stückkoks 30 mm bis 75 mm beträgt und der Partikelgrößenbereich des groben Erzmaterials 10 mm bis 50 mm beträgt.
  4. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen in einen Hochofen gemäß Anspruch einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei beim Klassifizieren des Erzmaterials in das grobe Erzmaterial und das feine Erzmaterial ein Massenverhältnis des groben zum feinen Erzmaterial einem Massenverhältnis desjenigen Stückkoks, das von dem Stückkoks mit dem Erzmaterial gemischt wird, zum Kleinkoks angeglichen wird.
  5. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen in einen Hochofen gemäß Anspruch einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Verhältnis einer harmonischen mittleren Größe des feinen Erzmaterials zu einer harmonischen mittleren Größe des Kleinkoks und das Verhältnis einer harmonischen mittleren Größe des groben Erzmaterials zu einer harmonischen mittleren Größe des Stückkoks jeweils 0,1 oder mehr beträgt.
EP13791652.4A 2012-05-17 2013-05-16 Verfahren zum laden eines rohmaterials in einen hochofen Active EP2851438B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2012113841 2012-05-17
PCT/JP2013/003131 WO2013172035A1 (ja) 2012-05-17 2013-05-16 高炉への原料装入方法

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EP2851438A1 EP2851438A1 (de) 2015-03-25
EP2851438A4 EP2851438A4 (de) 2015-08-05
EP2851438B1 true EP2851438B1 (de) 2016-10-05

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JP (1) JP5522331B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101564295B1 (de)
CN (1) CN104302785B (de)
WO (1) WO2013172035A1 (de)

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BR112016022237B1 (pt) * 2014-03-28 2021-02-09 Jfe Steel Corporation método para carregar matéria-prima em alto-forno
CN104313215A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2015-01-28 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 一种高炉烧结矿分级装料工艺
KR102058834B1 (ko) * 2015-03-30 2019-12-24 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 고로에 대한 원료 장입 방법
KR102090886B1 (ko) * 2015-10-28 2020-03-18 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 고로에의 원료 장입 방법
CN109072318B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2020-11-03 杰富意钢铁株式会社 向高炉装入原料的方法
CN105803142B (zh) * 2016-05-11 2018-05-01 武汉钢铁有限公司 大型高炉分粒级矿焦混合装料方法
JP6627717B2 (ja) * 2016-10-29 2020-01-08 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉への原料装入方法
CN112609029B (zh) * 2020-11-09 2022-07-19 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种大型无料钟高炉高比例使用中块焦炭的冶炼方法
CN112481432B (zh) * 2020-11-15 2022-04-08 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种高炉中块焦炭排料方法

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US4395179A (en) * 1976-03-10 1983-07-26 Davy Inc. Apparatus and method for charging material into a receptacle
JPS5910402B2 (ja) 1978-12-08 1984-03-08 川崎製鉄株式会社 混合装入物による高炉の操業方法
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JP4269847B2 (ja) 2002-08-30 2009-05-27 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ベルレス高炉の原料装入方法
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JP5427084B2 (ja) * 2010-03-25 2014-02-26 株式会社神戸製鋼所 高炉操業方法

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Publication number Publication date
CN104302785B (zh) 2016-08-17
EP2851438A1 (de) 2015-03-25
EP2851438A4 (de) 2015-08-05
CN104302785A (zh) 2015-01-21
JP5522331B2 (ja) 2014-06-18
KR20140145610A (ko) 2014-12-23
JPWO2013172035A1 (ja) 2016-01-12
WO2013172035A1 (ja) 2013-11-21
KR101564295B1 (ko) 2015-10-29

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