EP2846035B1 - Solenoid switch and starter - Google Patents

Solenoid switch and starter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2846035B1
EP2846035B1 EP14177574.2A EP14177574A EP2846035B1 EP 2846035 B1 EP2846035 B1 EP 2846035B1 EP 14177574 A EP14177574 A EP 14177574A EP 2846035 B1 EP2846035 B1 EP 2846035B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
movable terminal
stationary terminals
solenoid switch
state
copper alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14177574.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2846035A2 (en
EP2846035A3 (en
Inventor
Wei Song
Jian Li
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEG Automotive Germany GmbH filed Critical SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Publication of EP2846035A2 publication Critical patent/EP2846035A2/en
Publication of EP2846035A3 publication Critical patent/EP2846035A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2846035B1 publication Critical patent/EP2846035B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/14—Terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/042—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by mechanical deformation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a starter for starting an engine. Meantime, the invention also relates to a solenoid switch that can be used in the starter.
  • an engine shall be rotated under an outer force until it can operate using the power of itself.
  • Starting of engine refers to a procedure of the engine which, under the action of the outer force, is transited from a stationary state to a state in which it runs independently.
  • Common engine starting manners comprise manual starting, starting using an assistant gasoline engine and electric starting.
  • Manual starting, in which cable pulling or manual rotating action is involved, is easy but inconvenient, needs too much labor effort, and is thus only applicable in low power engines and is reserved in some vehicles only as a standby option.
  • Starting using an assistant gasoline engine is applicable mainly in high power diesel engines. Electric starting is widely used in modern vehicles for the merits of easy to operate, quick starting, repetitive starting ability, and being remotely controllable.
  • the whole starting procedure of an electric starter comprises the following steps: first, an electric current from a vehicle battery is supplied to a DC motor so that a driving gear of the starter is put into a mechanical movement; then, a transmitting mechanism drives the driving gear into engagement with a toothed ring on a flywheel, and then, when the engine is started, the transmitting mechanism automatically drives the driving gear out of the engagement with the toothed ring.
  • the ON/OFF action of the starter is controlled by a solenoid switch.
  • the solenoid switch generally comprises two stationary terminals and one movable terminal, the movable terminal being able to move relative to the stationary terminals to electrically connect and disconnect the stationary terminals so as to control the close and open of an electric circuit of the starter.
  • the starter comprises a magnetic field (stator) and an armature (rotor).
  • statator stator
  • armature rotor
  • the DC starter when energized, generates a counter electromotive force which is in proportion to the rotational speed of the engine and is in reverse proportion to the torque of the engine, and thus the requirements for starting the engine may be met.
  • the starting electric current in the starter is very strong, generally higher than 150 Amperes, and some times even up to thousands Amperes.
  • the stationary terminals and the movable terminal of the solenoid switch are subjected to a high impact of the strong electric current in the moment of electric connecting, and thus partial high temperature is likely to be generated.
  • the materials of the stationary terminals and the movable terminal may stick to each other, which phenomenon is also called contact welding.
  • contact welding in which the materials of the stationary terminals and the movable terminal are stuck to each other and the electric circuit cannot be opened, an electric current of up to thousands Amperes will flow continuously through the solenoid switch, which ultimately results in damage of the solenoid switch or even the whole starter by overheat.
  • the invention is mainly aimed at preventing contact welding of the solenoid switch and thus preventing the starter from being damaged by overheat.
  • the invention in one aspect provides a solenoid switch which comprises:
  • the copper alloy material comprises 0.2 wt % to 0.6 wt % of tellurium and 1.0 wt % to 1.5 wt % of nickel, and the copper alloy material comprises 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of phosphorus.
  • the copper alloy material comprises 0.1 wt % to 0.3 wt % of phosphorus, 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % of ferrum, 0.15 wt % to 0.3 wt % of zinc and 0.01 wt % to 0.1 wt % of rare earth.
  • each of the stationary terminals comprises a contact portion and a stem portion, the contact portion and the stem portion being formed integrally of the copper alloy material, or the contact portion being formed of the copper alloy material and the stem portion being formed of another material.
  • the housing defines a contacting chamber, the movable terminal and the contact portions of the stationary terminals being arranged in the contacting chamber, and the stem portions of the stationary terminals extending to the outside of the housing through the housing.
  • the stationary terminals have been subjected to cold working.
  • the stationary terminals have been subjected to cold forging.
  • the stem portions of the stationary terminals are formed with screw threads in a rolling process.
  • the solenoid switch further comprises a coil, an elastic element and an armature core magnetically coupled with the coil, the elastic element being elastically pre-deformed to provide an elastic force basing the movable terminal towards the first state, wherein when the coil is energized, the coil generates a magnetic field which acts on the armature core so that the armature core drives the movable terminal to move towards the second state and thus the amount of elastic deformation of the elastic element is increased.
  • the invention in another aspect provides a starter for starting an engine, the starter comprising a solenoid switch as described above, wherein an electric current of no less than 150 Amperes flows through the stationary terminals and the movable terminal when the movable terminal is in the second state.
  • At least one of the stationary terminals and the movable terminal comprises a copper alloy material which contains elements like tellurium and thus has a high welding resistance.
  • the solenoid switch is not likely to become defective even when there is a strong electric current flowing therethrough.
  • such a copper alloy material by comprising elements like nickel, has a high tensile strength and a high extendibility.
  • the material is not likely to become cracked even after a cold working processes, such as cold forging or rolling, and thus it has a high machinability.
  • the material has good conductive performance and a high electric conductivity.
  • a solenoid switch 100 comprises a housing 1, two stationary terminals 21 and 22 and one movable terminal 23.
  • the two stationary terminals 21 and 22 are fixed to the housing 1 in a manner of being separated from each other, and the movable terminal 23 is able to be moved between a first state and a second state.
  • the movable terminal 23 is in the first state, the movable terminal 23 is away from electric contact with the stationary terminals 21 and 22; on the other hand, when the movable terminal 23 is in the second state, the movable terminal 23 is in electric contact with the stationary terminals 21 and 22.
  • At least one of the stationary terminals 21 and 22 and the movable terminal 23 comprises a copper alloy material, the copper alloy material containing tellurium and nickel.
  • the housing 1 is insulative, in which a contacting chamber 10 and an armature core chamber 12 are formed, the contacting chamber 10 and the armature core chamber 12 being separated from each other by an insulative separator (fixed core) 14.
  • the stationary terminals 21 and 22 each comprise a contact portion 210 or 220 and a stem portion 212 or 222.
  • the movable terminal 23 and the contact portions 210 and 220 of the stationary terminals 21 and 22 are arranged in the contacting chamber 10, and the stem portions 212 and 222 of the stationary terminals 21 and 22 extend through the housing 1 to the outside of the housing 1.
  • Screw nuts are threadingly mounted to the stem portions 212 and 222 respectively, with screw threads of the screw nuts being engaged with screw threads 214 and 224 of the stem portions 212 and 222 to fix the stationary terminals 21 and 22 to the housing 1. Further, the stem portions 212 and 222 extend beyond the nuts by a length to function as connection terminals for connecting with electric cables or wires.
  • the solenoid switch 100 further comprises a coil 3, an elastic element 4 and an armature core (movable core) 5 magnetically coupled with the coil 3.
  • the coil 3 and the armature core 5 are assembled in the armature core chamber 12.
  • the armature core 5 is mounted coaxially in the coil 3, and the armature core 5 is movable in an axial direction.
  • the elastic element 4 comprises a spring mounted around a push bar 6, and the elastic element 4 is elastically pre-loaded between a first end of the push bar 6 and the separator 14 so that the elastic element 4 is elastically compressively pre-deformed.
  • the movable terminal 23 is fixed to a second end of the push bar 6.
  • the second end of the push bar 6 is opposite to the first end thereof, and thus the elastic element 4 provides an elastic force which biases, via the push bar 6, the movable terminal 23 towards the first state.
  • the movable terminal 23 is kept in the first state when it is not subjected to a magnetic force from the coil 3.
  • the coil 3 when the coil 3 is energized, the coil 3 generates a magnetic field which acts on the armature core 5.
  • the coil 3 When the coil 3 is deenergized, the coil 3 does not generate the magnetic field which acts on the armature core 5, and the elastic element 4 releases its elastic potential energy to push the push bar 6 and the movable terminal 23 to move to the left side of Figure 1 .
  • the movable terminal 23 is forced to move away from the stationary terminals 21 and 22 so that the electric connection between the two stationary terminals 21 and 22 is broken and the movable terminal 23 returns to the first state.
  • the copper alloy material comprises the following elements and their contents by weight:
  • the contact portions 210 and 220 are formed integrally with the corresponding stem portions 212 and 222 of the single copper alloy material, respectively.
  • the stationary terminals 21 and 22 have been subjected to cold forging to form hexagonal contact portions 210 and 220 and cylindrical stem portions 212 and 222, and screw threads 214 and 224 are formed on the outer peripheries of the stem portions 212 and 222 of the stationary terminals 21 and 22 in a rolling process. Thanks for the high comprehensive performance of this copper alloy material, the stationary terminals 21 and 22 are not likely to become cracked even after a cold working processes, such as cold forging or rolling, and thus they have a high machinability.
  • the solenoid switch 100 is not easy to become defective by contact welding even when a strong electric current flows through it.
  • the contact portions 210 and 220 are formed of the copper alloy material, while the stem portions 212 and 222 are formed of another material (for example, pure copper). That is to say, the contact portions 210 and 220 and the corresponding stem portions 212 and 222 are formed separately, and then they are connected together, such as by riveting or welding. In this way, the contact portions 210 and 220 have a high welding resistance to prevent contact welding, while the stem portions 212 and 222 have a high machinability and a high electric conductivity by using a suitable material (for example, pure copper).
  • a suitable material for example, pure copper
  • stationary chamfers 216 and 226, which are oblique with respect to the axial direction, are formed respectively at tip ends of the two contact portions 210 and 220 which are closer to the movable terminal 23.
  • Corresponding moving chamfers 230, which are oblique with respect to the axial direction, are formed at a tip end of the movable terminal 23 which is closer to the stationary terminals 21 and 22.
  • a through hole 232 is formed in the movable terminal 23, the through hole 232 extending through the movable terminal 23 in the axial direction, and the push bar 6 being fixed in the through hole 232.
  • the moving chamfers 230 of the movable terminal 23 contact directly with the stationary chamfers 216 and 226 of the contact portions 210 and 220 to establish satisfactory electric contact between the stationary terminals 21 and 22 and the movable terminal 23.
  • a starter (not shown) for starting an engine is provided, which comprises the solenoid switch 100 according to the invention.
  • an electric current of no less than 150 Amperes may flow through the stationary terminals 21 and 22 and the movable terminal 23.
  • an electric current of no less than 200 Amperes flows through the stationary terminals 21 and 22 and the movable terminal 23.
  • an electric current of no less than 400 Amperes flows through the stationary terminals 21 and 22 and the movable terminal 23.
  • axis used here means a line around which an object is symmetrical, and in particular, means a central axis of a revolution object.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
EP14177574.2A 2013-07-26 2014-07-18 Solenoid switch and starter Active EP2846035B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310319400.4A CN104347316B (zh) 2013-07-26 2013-07-26 电磁开关及起动机

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2846035A2 EP2846035A2 (en) 2015-03-11
EP2846035A3 EP2846035A3 (en) 2016-07-06
EP2846035B1 true EP2846035B1 (en) 2020-01-08

Family

ID=51211098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14177574.2A Active EP2846035B1 (en) 2013-07-26 2014-07-18 Solenoid switch and starter

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2846035B1 (hu)
CN (1) CN104347316B (hu)
BR (1) BR102014018234B1 (hu)
HU (1) HUE049297T2 (hu)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3425192B1 (en) * 2017-06-01 2024-01-17 Mahle International GmbH Solenoid drive for a starter for an internal combustion engine
CN113502408B (zh) * 2021-06-17 2022-06-07 四川科派新材料有限公司 一种含碲镍的高导铜合金及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2268940A (en) * 1940-04-15 1942-01-06 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electric contacting element
JP4680765B2 (ja) * 2005-12-22 2011-05-11 株式会社神戸製鋼所 耐応力緩和特性に優れた銅合金
FR2916582B1 (fr) * 2007-05-24 2009-12-11 Vis Samar Vis,notamment borne electrique de demarreur,et procede de realisation
CN101452773A (zh) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-10 美红 铜基SiCp稀土金属陶瓷复合电触头材料
DE102008002432A1 (de) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Relaiskontaktstück, elektromagnetischer Schalter für eine elektrische Maschine und Herstellungsverfahren
JP5569349B2 (ja) * 2009-12-11 2014-08-13 株式会社デンソー 電磁継電器
CN103094010A (zh) 2011-11-03 2013-05-08 博世汽车部件(长沙)有限公司 起动机电磁开关及包括电磁开关的起动机

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104347316B (zh) 2018-10-26
CN104347316A (zh) 2015-02-11
BR102014018234B1 (pt) 2022-02-08
HUE049297T2 (hu) 2020-09-28
EP2846035A2 (en) 2015-03-11
BR102014018234A2 (pt) 2015-09-29
EP2846035A3 (en) 2016-07-06

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