EP2835192B1 - Dispositif de coulée doté d'une conduite annulaire et procédé de coulée - Google Patents

Dispositif de coulée doté d'une conduite annulaire et procédé de coulée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2835192B1
EP2835192B1 EP14169896.9A EP14169896A EP2835192B1 EP 2835192 B1 EP2835192 B1 EP 2835192B1 EP 14169896 A EP14169896 A EP 14169896A EP 2835192 B1 EP2835192 B1 EP 2835192B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
melt
loop
circulation duct
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14169896.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2835192A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Fahrenbach
Tobias Schwarz
Martin Gaebges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L Schuler GmbH
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L Schuler GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2835192A1 publication Critical patent/EP2835192A1/fr
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Publication of EP2835192B1 publication Critical patent/EP2835192B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2023—Nozzles or shot sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/30—Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a casting device with a mold cavity forming a cavity for a casting, a casting chamber for a metallic melt and a sprue system.
  • the invention further relates to a casting method for the production of castings with this casting apparatus.
  • melt does not solidify at any point of the melt-carrying system. This can be ensured by sufficiently large cross sections of the sprue channels. Large runners, however, allow the casting mass to grow, so that a greater part of the melt is lost. Therefore, large-area castings with multiple gate areas or particularly thin-walled castings usually require multiple sprue passages as runners to prevent solidification in the mold cavity before it is completely filled.
  • WO 2006/122423 A1 discloses a casting apparatus which discloses at least one cavity, a casting chamber and a sprue system.
  • the disclosure DE 10 2008 052062 A1 a casting apparatus in which a frame-like structural component is pressure-molded and an annular channel is provided.
  • the Angusssystem is designed such that at least two sprues with hot runner nozzles, which are fed from a common manifold, the melt is conveyed into the annular channel.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the state of the art and, in particular, to provide a casting device for a die-casting method which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages. It is another object of the invention to develop a casting process for metallic melts, which keeps the proportion of circulating material low even with thin-walled and large-area components while minimizing the energy required to keep the melt liquid while maintaining the maximum gate speed.
  • the object is achieved by a casting apparatus having a mold cavity forming a cavity, a casting chamber for a metallic melt and a gate system, wherein the casting chamber connected via two ring line connections with a loop for the melt and the ring line via the Angusssystem with the Mold cavity is connectable.
  • the loop conducts the metallic melt right up to the casting, so that the gate system itself, which is formed by relatively thin runners branching off from the loop to the casting, requires only small cross-sections and short runners.
  • the ring line is therefore usually much longer than the length of Runners; Often, their length will also exceed the sum of the runner lengths.
  • the proportion of material that solidifies with the casting if necessary in the sprue channels or at least cooled down to a minimum.
  • the sprue channels can not only be very short, but it can also relatively many sprue channels branch off from the loop, so that a more uniform mold filling is possible.
  • all or part of the sprue channels have casting valves. After the casting process, the pouring valves separate the liquid melt of the ring line from the casting-side melt, which solidifies with the casting. To re-mold filling for the next casting the pouring valve or the pouring valves are opened again.
  • the gate portions are formed directly on the casting, so that the mass of the gate system fails small against the casting compound. In this case, even with flat structural parts runners of less than 20% of the casting material can be achieved.
  • the sprue system can be compact.
  • the sprue material can be reused as circulating material. As a result of the fact that less sprue material has to be melted and the hot melt in the loop is always available close to the cavity, less time is required for the casting cycle, so that the timing is improved.
  • the ring line may have a relatively large diameter compared to the sprue channels, so that the heat conduction and heat radiation losses of the melt transported through them can be kept low.
  • the circulation may be sufficient as the sole measure to prevent solidification of the melt before a circulation in the loop is completed.
  • the melt then reaches the casting chamber or another hot cell in the still liquid state.
  • the casting chamber or another hot cell in the still liquid state may be omitted external heating of the loop under certain circumstances.
  • the ring line is at least partially heated. This ensures that even at relative long ring lines a solidification of the melt used is reliably prevented and the melt is sufficiently thin, to reach even distant runners in a timely manner.
  • the loop is filled with metallic melt and pressurized.
  • the melt can circulate in the loop to be returned to a compact as possible basin as the casting chamber and reheated there.
  • the ring line on two ring line connections which are connected to the same casting chamber.
  • another hot cell may be provided for a melt supply or for intermediate storage of the melt.
  • the ring line opens with its two terminals in different hot cells, wherein the hot cells are at least for the time of casting jointly under pressure settable, so form a common system communicating with each other.
  • the loop alone is filled with melt due to the casting pressure.
  • additional mechanisms such as pumping means are provided which can direct the melt into the loop or accelerate the flow of melt in the loop.
  • the pumping means can be arranged freely on or around the ring line, but are preferably arranged at the ring line connections and thus at the end in the transition region to the casting chamber. Multiple pumping means may be spatially separated and connected in series to increase pumping power.
  • the pumping means can be formed as coils in the case of metallic melts.
  • the electromagnetic alternating fields which can be generated by the coils induce eddy currents in the electrically conductive melt and can therefore act without contact on the melt.
  • an electromagnetic traveling field can be achieved by the inductor.
  • the melt forms the rotor of the linear motor.
  • the magnetic field exerts forces whose strength depends on the spatial change in the magnetic flux density.
  • the melt therefore experiences a force directed towards lower magnetic flux density. Analogous to acting on a solid body Lorentz force that moves this spatially, the melt flow is accelerated.
  • Feldformer can be used, which concentrate the force on a specific area.
  • a field shaper is formed as a conductor cut along the coil axis, which is offset with short current pulses. Due to the skin effect, the short impulses barely penetrate the conductor itself and can therefore act on the close-flowing melt with a very high field strength.
  • the pumping means are preferably independently controllable or controllable and may ideally convey the melt both into the loop and out of the loop.
  • the pumping means additionally heat the melt, which is a welcome side effect in order to prevent premature cooling of the melt.
  • the pumping means only heat the melt.
  • the pumping means can convey the melt into the loop even without the external pressure of a casting piston.
  • the first-time filling or refilling of the loop after a change of shape is thereby accelerated and thus facilitated. If the loop has its own heating means, it is advantageous to heat the loop already before the first filling.
  • this may have one or more vent valves.
  • the gas, protective gas or gas mixture initially present in the loop can escape via the venting valves.
  • the escaping through the vent valves gas can be performed in a manifold, which also run close to the cast and ring-shaped may be formed.
  • the pumping means can also be provided to actively empty the loop as fast as possible.
  • the melt then flows not only due to gravity in the usually lower hot cell, but is actively supported by the pumping means. Switching the pumping direction may be useful to shorten the discharge time, but is not necessarily required because the Maintaining the circulation with simultaneous blocking of the inlet is sufficient. Then pumping means can be used which do not allow reversal of direction.
  • the emptying of the melt into the hot cell makes it easier to keep the melt at a temperature, since it can occupy a more favorable surface-to-volume ratio in a compact collection container.
  • the loop can be undocked after emptying.
  • the casting apparatus has a casting chamber which can be filled from a melt reservoir.
  • the casting chamber can be horizontally oriented and can be pressurized with a horizontally moving casting piston. In this embodiment, it is preferably fillable from below and separable from the melt reservoir via a melt valve.
  • the casting chamber can also be oriented vertically; the melt valve is then preferably arranged laterally and the casting piston from below into the casting chamber traversing.
  • the casting chamber has two ring line connections as mouths of the loop.
  • the ring line connections are end points of two connection channels A and B, which are connected to one another at their end facing away from the casting chamber.
  • the entire loop, including the loop connections, is flameproof.
  • the ring line connections preferably open into the casting chamber at different heights, so that when the ring line is filled for the first time, venting takes place via only one, the upper, ring line connection.
  • both ring line connections are arranged on the same end face of the casting chamber in order to carry out the length of the loop as short as possible, to avoid deflection pieces and thereby to keep the flow resistance low.
  • the casting chamber with the loop connections preferably forms the lowest point of the pressurized system so that the melt, in the absence of externally applied pressure, tends to flow back into the casting chamber.
  • a ring line which has a continuous gradient in the direction of the casting chamber.
  • the ring line connections are designed so that a complete emptying of the loop can be done. This is the ring line arranged immediately after the loop connections so that it always runs above the G stealtting unitss.
  • the ring line has one or more coupling connections for the sprue channels, which connect the loop to the mold cavity.
  • the coupling connections are also pressure-resistant.
  • the object is further achieved by a casting method using the above-mentioned casting apparatus, wherein the melt circulates during casting or between the casting operations in the loop. Under a circulation is understood that the melt in the loop not only moves locally, but also a mass feed of the melt takes place.
  • the loop is preferably provided with pumping means as described above. It can also be at least partially exposed to external heat sources to avoid edge layer solidification or to ensure a consistently low viscosity during a melt circulation.
  • the pumping means work in the individual casting phases preferably as follows: First, a fast, first filling of the loop takes place. To promote both pumping the melt from the casting chamber with the highest possible performance in the loop. In order to accelerate the casting process as a whole, a melt valve, which is arranged between the casting chamber and a melt reservoir, is opened, so that sufficient melt can flow in. The subsequent refilling of the amount of melt taken for the respective casting can be done via the same melt valve.
  • one of the pumping means can convey the melt into the ring line and the other pumping means can move the melt out of the ring line.
  • one of the pumping means conveys the melt with a greater power into the loop than the other pumping means.
  • the pumping means of the second connection channel also conveys into the ring line in order to prevent the melt stream from being torn off at any point. Due to the differential pressure built up in this way, the melt begins to circulate in the loop. The circulation is faster, the greater the power difference, with which the pumping means are operated.
  • connection channel A can also be equipped with a more powerful pumping means, ie a pumping means, which receives a higher maximum power or has a larger number of pumping means as a connection channel B, are provided. If the connection capacities of the pumping means are the same, for example, the pumping means at connection channel A promotes 100% of its power, while the pumping means at connection channel B is operated with a maximum of 50% of its connected load.
  • the pumping means of the higher-lying connecting channel A preferably promotes greater power than that of the lower-lying connecting channel B.
  • the circulation senses the entire casting system involved in the casting process, consisting of the loop and the casting chamber, which is acted upon by a casting piston to produce the required casting pressure.
  • a hot cell may be arranged in the casting system involved in the circulation. Due to the circulation, a uniform heat distribution in the melt is advantageously effected, so that solidification is reliably prevented even in longer loop lines and during longer-lasting intermediate phases.
  • the melt which cools down in the ring conduit and flows back into the casting chamber can be reheated there via a hot cell or by means of external heat supply.
  • the melt valve is closed, and the casting chamber and the connected ring line are pressurized by an advancing casting piston.
  • the force to be applied for moving the casting piston is preferably generated by a hydraulic drive unit which is connected to the casting piston via a coupling.
  • the mold cavity is filled via open casting valves with the melt.
  • the intended for filling amount of melt is nachgeschoben by the advancing casting piston, it being ensured that the melt valve is not run over by the casting piston. This always leaves a minimum amount of melt in the casting chamber, so that the circulation of the melt at any time, especially after completion of the second casting phase, can be maintained. It can also be provided that, during the mold filling, the melt flow takes place for a short time from several or all ring line connections into the loop.
  • the melt consumed by the casting process can be topped up before the next casting process by the melt valve is opened again and the casting piston moves back.
  • the loop can be emptied very quickly.
  • the pumping means of all ring line connections can first force the melt from the loop into the casting chamber and into the melt reservoir via the opened melt valve.
  • the connection channels are arranged in such a way that the melt from the melt reservoir can not empty itself over it. Therefore, the loop can be safely undocked in the deflated state. Nevertheless, it is recommended for safety reasons to close the melt valve before undocking.
  • the method and casting apparatus has been described by die casting, but is transferable to other casting methods.
  • non-metallic melts can also be cast in appropriately adapted casting devices.
  • FIG. 4 shows a part of a casting apparatus 1 for die casting molten metals such as magnesium or aluminum melts.
  • the melt 2 is passed from a melt reservoir 7 via a closable by means of a melt valve 19 supply 8 into a casting chamber 4.
  • the casting chamber 4 is oriented horizontally and by a hydraulically moving, in the horizontal advancing casting piston 6 (Fig. FIG. 3 ) pressurizable.
  • the casting chamber 4 exactly two ring line connections A and B, which form the ends of a loop 11.
  • connection channels 12, 13 open into the casting chamber 4 in ring line connections A and B, the ring line connection A being arranged above the ring line connection B.
  • connection channels 12, 13 are interconnected.
  • the connection channels 12, 13 are designed as substantially straight pipes and have with the opposite end 14 in longitudinal section a U-profile.
  • pumping means 21, 22 are arranged in the form of coils, which can each be operated in three different ways.
  • first operating mode "forward” promotes a pumping means 21, 22, the metallic melt 2 into the loop 11 in
  • second mode “backwards” it counteracts penetration of the melt 2 and out of the ring line 11 out
  • third mode it heats the melt 2 and does not develop a conveying effect.
  • the melt 2 can leave the casting chamber 4 via both connection channels 12, 13 and flow into the mold cavity 3 via a plurality of sprue channels 17 forming a sprue system 5, which can be shut off via pouring valves 18.
  • the mold cavity 3 itself is formed by two half-molds 15, 16 and is formed in a known manner by the reduced by the Schwindhey negative mold of the casting 23 to be produced. Both mold half shells 15, 16 have a separating surface 9 for later removal of the casting 23. Since the sprue channels 17 are connected only to the mold cavity 3 and the ring line 11 and not directly to the casting chamber 4, therefore, the melt 2 must first be passed into the loop 11 to enter the mold cavity 3.
  • the mold cavity 3 has a thin-walled, planar and complex structure and areas of significantly different diameters.
  • a plurality of sprue channels 17 are arranged in a casting-specific manner at different positions of the ring line 11.
  • the individual sprue channels 17 have different lengths and different diameters, which are coordinated with one another such that an optimum filling process of the mold cavity 3 is achieved.
  • the operation of the in the Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 The casting device shown is divided into six different phases.
  • the first phase the starting position, the casting chamber 4 formed as a hot cell is empty and pre-heated.
  • the melt valve 19 and the drain plug 24, via which the supply line 8 can be emptied, are closed.
  • the casting device 1 is operated with inert gas.
  • the melt reservoir 7 is filled with a quantity of melt which corresponds to a melt level H empty in the melt reservoir 7 by means of a dosing spoon or a dosing furnace, not shown either (also not shown).
  • the melt level H empty is dimensioned so that the melt volume in the melt reservoir 7 with the connected feed line 8 at least the volume of the melt-carrying system consisting of the casting chamber 4, the loop 11, the Angusssystem 5 and the volume of a casting 23 corresponds plus the Gusschargenmenge.
  • the amount of Gusschargen corresponds to the volume of the desired number of castings, ie at least one that is required so that the melt level H min in the melt reservoir 7 is still above the casting chamber 4, without the melt reservoir 7 more melt 2 is supplied.
  • the casting chamber 4 can be filled solely by the hydrostatic pressure of the melt 2 in the melt reservoir 7.
  • the gravitational force causes the casting chamber 4 to be filled with the melt 2.
  • the venting of the casting chamber 4 can be done via the upper annular channel A, which has a vent valve 20, which can be opened at this time.
  • the pumping means 21, 22 are operated in the operating mode "backwards", so that an overflow of the melt 2 at the ring line connections A and B in the connection channels 12, 13 despite the ever higher melt level in the melt reservoir 7 is not possible , Is the G intelligent screening 4 completely filled first, the melt level has dropped to the height H max .
  • the melt valve 19 is blocked.
  • the filling of the ring line 11 takes place.
  • the ring line 11 is vented through the vent valve 20 until it is evacuated.
  • the pouring valves 18 are closed.
  • the pumping means 21, 22 are switched in the direction "forward".
  • the ring line 11 is thereby rapidly filled with melt 2 from the melt reservoir 7 at a pressure of up to 5 bar.
  • the pumping means 22 of the loop connection B switches to a capacity of approximately 20% "forward", while the pumping means 21 at the ring line connection A continues to deliver "forward" at 100%.
  • the melt 2 begins to circulate in the ring line 11 and to circulate continuously in the ring line 11 with the connected casting chamber 4. Emptying the loop 11 in this state is excluded.
  • the pouring device for the mold filling process (third phase) is prepared.
  • the melt valve 19 is closed and thus the casting chamber 4 separated from the melt reservoir 7.
  • pressure can be built up by the casting drive unit and introduced via the casting piston 6 into the casting chamber 4 and the ring line 11.
  • the casting is carried out by opening the pouring valves 18, wherein the required amount of melt is pushed by the casting piston 6.
  • the melt 2 now flows not only through the ring line connection A but also through the ring line connection B.
  • the pumping means 22 of the ring line connection B can briefly during the mold filling time be operated with greater power "forward", but still with less than the pumping means 21 at the ring line connection A, so that the circulation circuit and thus the circulation is maintained.
  • the pouring valves 18 are closed and the casting 23 is allowed to cool.
  • the casting chamber 4 is prepared for a new mold filling operation.
  • this fourth phase of the casting piston 6 moves to its original position, wherein the melt valve 19 is opened.
  • melt 2 is sucked from the melt reservoir 7, which is due to the hydrostatic pressure of the Melting column is supported in the Schmelzereservoir 7.
  • the circulation circuit in the loop 11 remains. If the casting chamber 4 is completely filled, another mold filling process can be carried out with a renewed mold cavity 3.
  • the ring pipe 11 is emptied as the fifth phase.
  • both pumping means 21, 22 are operated in the "backwards" direction and the melt valve 19 is opened, so that the melt 2 is pumped by the pumping means 21, 22 into the feed line 8 leading to the melt reservoir 7.
  • the ring line 11 is emptied, it is separated by the closing of the melt valve 19 from the melt reservoir 7 and can be decoupled from the mold cavity 3 and extend out of the press.
  • the casting chamber 4 is also freed from the melt 2, so that no melt 2 remains in the hot cell of the casting apparatus 1.
  • the melt reservoir 7 is emptied via a drain plug 24.
  • the melt valve 19 is opened so that the melt 2 can also flow from the pouring chamber 4 via the feed line 8 and the drain plug 24 into a crucible, not shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de coulée (1) comportant :
    - une cavité de moulage (3) formant un espace creux pour une pièce moulée (23),
    - une chambre de coulée (4) pour un métal en fusion (2) et
    - un système d'injection (5)
    où
    - la chambre de coulée (4) est reliée à une conduite de circulation (11) pour le métal en fusion (2) par l'intermédiaire de deux raccords de conduite de circulation (A, B), caractérisé en ce que la conduite de circulation (11) peut être reliée à la cavité de moulage (3) par l'intermédiaire du système d'injection (5).
  2. Dispositif de coulée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le système d'injection (5) comporte plusieurs canaux d'injection (17) qui relient la conduite de circulation (11) avec la cavité de moulage (3).
  3. Dispositif de coulée selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le système d'injection (5) comporte une soupape de coulée (18) pour séparer le métal en fusion (2) dans la conduite de circulation (11) de la partie du métal en fusion (2) se solidifiant dans la cavité de moulage (3).
  4. Dispositif de coulée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de circulation (11) est chauffée au moins par sections.
  5. Dispositif de coulée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de circulation (11) comporte une soupape de ventilation (20).
  6. Dispositif de coulée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de pompage (21, 22) sont disposés au niveau des raccords de conduite de circulation (A, B), à travers lesquels le métal en fusion (2) peut être acheminé dans ou hors de la conduite de circulation (11).
  7. Dispositif de coulée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de coulée (4) est disposée au point le plus bas de la conduite de circulation (11).
  8. Procédé de coulée au moyen d'un dispositif de coulée (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le métal en fusion (2) circule dans la conduite de circulation (11) pendant la coulée ou entre les opérations de coulée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que pendant le remplissage du moule, le métal en fusion (2) s'écoule pour une courte période de la chambre de coulée (4) dans la conduite de circulation (11) par l'intermédiaire des deux raccords de conduite de circulation (A, B).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'après la fin de l'opération de coulée, le métal en fusion (2) restant dans la conduite de circulation (11) est vidé dans la chambre de coulée (4).
EP14169896.9A 2013-05-27 2014-05-26 Dispositif de coulée doté d'une conduite annulaire et procédé de coulée Not-in-force EP2835192B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013105433.1A DE102013105433B3 (de) 2013-05-27 2013-05-27 Gießvorrichtung mit einer Ringleitung und Gießverfahren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2835192A1 EP2835192A1 (fr) 2015-02-11
EP2835192B1 true EP2835192B1 (fr) 2019-03-06

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EP14169896.9A Not-in-force EP2835192B1 (fr) 2013-05-27 2014-05-26 Dispositif de coulée doté d'une conduite annulaire et procédé de coulée

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Country Link
US (1) US9687907B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2835192B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104174830B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013105433B3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2725355T3 (fr)

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CN112828246A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-25 陈迪 一种基于金属铸造模具的浇筑管

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US9687907B2 (en) 2017-06-27
CN104174830A (zh) 2014-12-03
DE102013105433B3 (de) 2014-05-22
EP2835192A1 (fr) 2015-02-11
ES2725355T3 (es) 2019-09-23
CN104174830B (zh) 2019-03-26
US20140345825A1 (en) 2014-11-27

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