EP2830038B1 - Musikinstrument - Google Patents

Musikinstrument Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2830038B1
EP2830038B1 EP14185620.3A EP14185620A EP2830038B1 EP 2830038 B1 EP2830038 B1 EP 2830038B1 EP 14185620 A EP14185620 A EP 14185620A EP 2830038 B1 EP2830038 B1 EP 2830038B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
kinetic
disposal
instrument
musical instrument
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14185620.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2830038A1 (de
Inventor
Hans-Ulrich Rahe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steinway and Sons
Original Assignee
Steinway and Sons
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steinway and Sons filed Critical Steinway and Sons
Priority to EP14185620.3A priority Critical patent/EP2830038B1/de
Publication of EP2830038A1 publication Critical patent/EP2830038A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2830038B1 publication Critical patent/EP2830038B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
    • G10C9/00—Methods, tools or materials specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of musical instruments covered by this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/22—Material for manufacturing stringed musical instruments; Treatment of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/08—Material for manufacturing wind musical instruments; Treatment of the material

Definitions

  • Passive area of a musical instrument is to be understood as meaning those components or areas of components which are not directly required for sound generation. Examples of such components are, for example, in a grand piano or upright piano the cast plate on which the strings are stretched, in a violin the neck, in a timpani the body on which the membrane is drawn, etc.
  • the "active area" of a musical instrument in the context of this invention is to be understood as meaning those components or areas of components that are directly required for sound generation, such as the Strings of a piano or a violin, the reed of a clarinet, etc.
  • a primary sound event is one that is caused by the oscillations or vibrations of the components of the active area or the active area of a component is triggered, in other words the sound event actually intended in the foreground for the sound of the musical instrument.
  • the secondary sound event is understood here to be the sound event generated by oscillations or vibrations in the components of the passive area of the musical instrument, which co-determines the overall sound by superimposing the primary sound event.
  • the soundboard 13 is sound-conducting with the rest of the body (wing frame 6 and wall 7), and in this way connected to all components of the instrument. This means that all parts of the instrument are stimulated to resonate by the primary sound event, ie by the vibrations of the active area consisting of strings, bridge 14 and soundboard 13.
  • the energy storage effects of the individual components are considered to be unavoidable.
  • the following phenomenon is understood by the energy storage effect:
  • the sound energy spreads as a temporal process throughout the instrument. Since the components are "at rest” up to this point, each component is soaked up with the sound energy flowing into it before the excess energy is emitted into sound-conducting components and the surrounding air.
  • the active components eg strings, bridge 14 and soundboard 13 in a piano / grand piano
  • this effect is desired and necessary.
  • the passive components which are irrelevant for the primary sound event, the sound energy that has entered them, the proportion of which varies from component to component, leads to phase shifts and thus to interference with the primary sound event.
  • the essential aspect of the invention lies in the knowledge that it is possible to derive sound energy from a musical instrument with the aid of an effect referred to here as "kinetic disposal".
  • the dissipation into the surrounding space is done by transforming the energy to a level that is no longer audible sound energy.
  • the kinetic disposal can take place on a component that is allocated to the passive area of the musical instrument overall, in order to avoid energy storage effects occurring in this component and their negative repercussions on the current or possibly subsequent primary sound event.
  • the kinetic disposal is achieved by arranging a crystalline body made of a material with a high speed of sound in the solid body (speed of sound more than 8,000 m / s) on the components of the passive area of the instrument that are not required for the generation of the primary sound event in order to prevent their sound emission to the environment, to eliminate it as far as possible and to reduce or avoid its reverberation.
  • the decisive factor for the effect of the crystalline body used according to the invention is that there must be a potential of the speed of sound between it and the material of the component to be disposed of kinetically.
  • the material used for kinetic disposal must always have a higher speed of sound than the material to be disposed of. The greater the potential, the clearer the effect (see Table 1).
  • the degree of kinetic disposal results from the ratio of the speed of sound of the two materials.
  • the result is a transmission factor of approx. 4: 1 (18,000 m / s: 4,500 m / s).
  • the materials that are used kinetically to be disposed of are wood, gray cast iron, brass and the like, all of which have sound speeds between approx. 3,000 and 5,000 m / s. This means that there is sufficient potential for materials with a sound speed of at least 8,000 m / s so that they can have a kinetically disposable effect.
  • the kinetic disposal makes it possible in a clear way to divert the body and air-borne sound energy that has entered the passive area of the instrument almost instantaneously and as inaudible energy into an area outside the entire instrument, so that only the active area can be seen as the acoustic and element of the instrument that determines the sound.
  • the result is a more genuine, clearer and more dynamic primary sound event, free from those interferences and distortions that inevitably exist in any musical instrument that is not kinetically disposed of.
  • the kinetic disposal can also have a direct effect on the active area.
  • the reed of a clarinet for example, consists of an active (i.e. freely vibrating) section and a passive (i.e. fixed) section.
  • the kinetic disposal by placing a crystalline body directly on the restraint reduces the repercussions of the post-oscillation of the fixed restraint on the active area of the reed.
  • the active area thus returns to its energetically optimal starting state as quickly as possible, and the overlapping of sound events is avoided.
  • Kinetic disposal is also not attenuation of the secondary sound event, but rather a direct, almost instantaneous derivation of the sound energy that has entered the passive area, before it can be stored in the passive area and thus interferes with the primary sound event.
  • the crystalline bodies are arranged in the passive area of the musical instrument, the best positions for arranging the bodies being determined either in simulations or experimentally.
  • the mounting locations can be, for example, on the box bracket, on the plate wedge located between the cast plate and the box bracket, on the cast plate, on the feet, on the rollers, etc.
  • the crystalline body is preferably a crystal with a high crystalline order, and the best results can be achieved with single crystals. Basically, the effect of kinetic disposal is greater, the higher the speed of sound in the crystal of the selected body. The more ordered a crystal of a solid, the higher the speed of sound in it.
  • Materials that have the properties required for kinetic disposal are, for example, diamonds (real or synthetic, with a face-centered cubic crystal structure and a speed of sound of approx. 18000 m / s) or ceramic materials such as boron carbide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, zirconium dioxide or the like . (with a speed of sound that is greater than 8000 m / s).
  • the simulations and test series carried out by the applicant show that the size of the crystalline body (or its volume) has no influence on the effect of kinetic disposal achieved.
  • the aim is to aim for sizes that are as small and inconspicuous as possible in relation to the location at which the crystalline body is attached, which are preferably in the range of edge lengths or diameters of the body between a few nanometers and a few centimeters.
  • the crystalline bodies are preferably connected by a fixed, direct connection to the respective components of the musical instrument to be disposed of kinetically or to the passive areas of such components, in particular glued to them or embedded in them.
  • the wing consists of a central main component, the rim, consisting of the wall 7 and the frame 6, which is set up on feet 10 with rollers 11 arranged thereon and closed on the top with a cover 8.
  • the chair base or gaming table 9 On the underside of the front of the rim is the chair base or gaming table 9, on which the play mechanism required for striking the strings, consisting of a keyboard and a mechanism, is located.
  • the central component of the rim is the soundboard 13 glued to the frame 6, usually made of spruce, with a cast plate 5, usually made of gray cast iron, on which the strings are stretched, and struts underneath that reinforce the body.
  • the connection between the spreaders and the cast plate 5 consists of a box angle 4, the connection of the strings and the soundboard 13 is made by the bridge 14 firmly connected to the soundboard 13.
  • the music stand 12 is located in the front upper part of the grand piano.
  • the passive areas of the wing crystalline body 1 made of a material with a speed of sound in the solid body of more than 8,000 m / s, for example made of diamond, boron carbide or the like.
  • Such a crystalline body 1 must be combined with the section of the passive area to be disposed of kinetically (for example the box angle 4, the cover 8 or the cast plate 5, see FIG Figures 3 to 5 ) are connected in such a way that direct, full-surface contact is made with the component on one side and the other side is exposed.
  • This can be done, for example, by a countersunk hole in the form of a fitting hole 2 (s. Fig. 3 ) or by bonding 3 on a flat surface (s. Fig. 4 ) can be achieved.
  • the size or volume of the crystalline body 1 applied for kinetic disposal depends on the one hand on the material used and the respective point of use and on the other requirements and can range in diameter from the nanometer range to several centimeters.
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 the effect of kinetic disposal on the overall sound of an appropriately treated or equipped instrument is shown schematically.
  • the time course of the envelope curve of the overall sound of a sound event generated in an instrument is in Fig. 6 in conventional construction and in Fig. 7 shown in modified design.
  • the sound event of a wind instrument consists of a vibrating column of air inside a pipe.
  • the pipe should not influence the air column, since natural vibrations of the pipe or the mouthpiece lead to interference and thus to distortions of the sound event. Therefore, the pipe / housing of a wind instrument can also be disposed of kinetically, in which the material (diamond, boron carbide, etc.) with the pipe conducts sound is connected, e.g. immediately behind the mouthpiece, near the funnel or similar.
  • the primary sound event of a bowed and plucked instrument consists of a vibrating string that is coupled to a soundboard via a bridge. This soundboard amplifies the sound of the strings. Vibrations of the passive components such as the neck with the fingerboard are undesirable here. This can also be disposed of kinetically in the manner already described.
  • vibration exciters such as hammer handles (piano and grand pianos), bows (string instruments), picks (plucked instruments), mallets and sticks (percussion instruments), etc.:
  • the respective vibration exciter By triggering a sound event, the respective vibration exciter is also set into vibration. At the time the next sound event is triggered, energy from the previous event can still be stored in the vibration exciter and have a falsifying influence on the following event. The kinetic disposal takes place in the manner already described.
  • membranophones such as timpani and drums, in which the influence of housing or body vibrations on the membrane is minimized through kinetic disposal, as well as other percussion instruments
  • Orff's instruments vibraphones, marimbas and much more
  • the crystalline body of a reed is connected directly to the clamping, it does not hinder the free swinging of the reed, but has a kinetic disposal.
  • the reed vibrates more freely and the tone response is more direct.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)
EP14185620.3A 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Musikinstrument Active EP2830038B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14185620.3A EP2830038B1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Musikinstrument

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06018419A EP1914714A1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Klanges von Musikinstrumenten
EP14185620.3A EP2830038B1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Musikinstrument

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06018419A Division EP1914714A1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Klanges von Musikinstrumenten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2830038A1 EP2830038A1 (de) 2015-01-28
EP2830038B1 true EP2830038B1 (de) 2021-02-24

Family

ID=37744069

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14185620.3A Active EP2830038B1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Musikinstrument
EP06018419A Ceased EP1914714A1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Klanges von Musikinstrumenten

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06018419A Ceased EP1914714A1 (de) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Klanges von Musikinstrumenten

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100050850A1 (enExample)
EP (2) EP2830038B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2010503037A (enExample)
CN (1) CN101512635A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2008028847A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8859866B2 (en) * 2011-09-14 2014-10-14 Yamaha Corporation Keyboard instrument
US8735702B1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2014-05-27 Deborah R. Miles Portable dissipating medium used for removal of vibrational interference in a bowed string of a violin family instrument
USD783084S1 (en) * 2013-04-05 2017-04-04 Steinway & Sons Piano
CN107248404A (zh) * 2017-06-05 2017-10-13 陆俊豪 一种提琴调节阻尼消噪的方法
CN109102783B (zh) * 2017-06-20 2023-02-28 鲁润泽 多元素采样噪声屏蔽质感补偿声场重合古琴增音琴台

Family Cites Families (22)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US59204A (en) * 1866-10-30 1866-10-30 Improvement in cornets and other wind-instrum ents
US2229440A (en) * 1937-01-02 1941-01-21 Carlisle Richard Wallace Piano soundboard
AT176731B (de) * 1952-08-06 1953-11-25 Hermann Jun Marschik Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung des "Wolfs" bei Streichinstrumenten, insbesondere bei Violoncellos
US3769871A (en) * 1972-04-25 1973-11-06 J Cawthorn Stone guitar with tuned neck
US4607559A (en) * 1984-01-23 1986-08-26 Richard Armin Stringed musical instrument
US4919029A (en) * 1989-01-10 1990-04-24 Richard Excellente Asymmetric insert loaded stringed instrument
US5267499A (en) * 1992-10-13 1993-12-07 Othon Robert S Method of enhancing and modifying the visual and aural characteristics of a stringed instrument
US5644095A (en) * 1994-01-21 1997-07-01 Davidson; John R. Brass instrument improvement
US5965832A (en) * 1995-04-03 1999-10-12 Davidson; John R. Brass instrument improvement
DE19527018C1 (de) * 1995-07-24 1997-02-20 Siemens Ag Ultraschallwandler
US5986190A (en) * 1997-10-18 1999-11-16 Wolff; Steven B. String bearing and tremolo device method and apparatus for stringed musical instrument
US6664456B2 (en) * 2001-04-03 2003-12-16 Philip Momchilovich Harmonic vibration damping device for musical instruments and firearms
US6657113B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-12-02 Alexander Béla Herman Molded fretboard and guitar
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US20080028911A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2008-02-07 Disanto Robert Audio device having dense sound enhancing component
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US20070094776A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Dee Stevens Decorative strap system
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Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
ANONYMOUS: "How Pianos Work - Piano Construction, Function and Technical Books", 20 June 2006 (2006-06-20), XP055453057, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20060620030819/http://www.concertpitchpiano.com/GrandPianoConstruction.html> [retrieved on 20180221] *
ANONYMOUS: "Piano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia", 30 August 2006 (2006-08-30), XP055453037, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20060830174758/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano#Other_types_of_pianos> [retrieved on 20180221] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2830038A1 (de) 2015-01-28
WO2008028847A1 (de) 2008-03-13
JP2010503037A (ja) 2010-01-28
CN101512635A (zh) 2009-08-19
EP1914714A1 (de) 2008-04-23
US20100050850A1 (en) 2010-03-04

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