EP2812180B1 - Verfahren und maschine zur reduzierung der höhe von schachteln mit einem quadratischem oder rechteckigem querschnitt - Google Patents

Verfahren und maschine zur reduzierung der höhe von schachteln mit einem quadratischem oder rechteckigem querschnitt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2812180B1
EP2812180B1 EP13708197.2A EP13708197A EP2812180B1 EP 2812180 B1 EP2812180 B1 EP 2812180B1 EP 13708197 A EP13708197 A EP 13708197A EP 2812180 B1 EP2812180 B1 EP 2812180B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
box
side walls
parallel
horizontal
length
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Active
Application number
EP13708197.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2812180A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Durand
Frédéric DUFFES
Robert Casanova
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B+ Equipment (SAS)
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B+ Equipment (SAS)
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Publication of EP2812180A1 publication Critical patent/EP2812180A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/18—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by collapsing mouth portion and subsequently folding-down or securing flaps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
    • B65B61/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for perforating, scoring, slitting, or applying code or date marks on material prior to packaging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/0005—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper of variable capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2100/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by folding single-piece sheets, blanks or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2110/00—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B31B2110/30—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a polygonal cross section
    • B31B2110/35—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a polygonal cross section rectangular, e.g. square
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/004—Closing boxes
    • B31B50/0044—Closing boxes the boxes having their opening facing upwardly
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2210/00—Specific aspects of the packaging machine
    • B65B2210/04—Customised on demand packaging by determining a specific characteristic, e.g. shape or height, of articles or material to be packaged and selecting, creating or adapting a packaging accordingly, e.g. making a carton starting from web material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a machine for reducing the height of cardboard boxes, corrugated cardboard or the like in rigid and deformable sheets, whose section is square or rectangular.
  • the technical field of the invention is that of packaging machines, cutting, manufacture or closure of packaging or manufacturing and implementation of cushioning materials for such packaging.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to the height reduction of boxes used for the preparation of single or multi-item orders and more generally of boxes used for the packaging and shipping of various articles whose number and unit volume, and therefore also the overall volume, vary from one box to another.
  • boxes of this type are formed by machines from one or more flanks of foldable rigid sheet material having different flaps and flaps assembled by gluing or adhesive tape.
  • Boxes are known which, after forming, are composed of five walls, a square or rectangular bottom and a belt composed of four side walls.
  • Known boxes of this type are called "American half-boxes", “trays” or “bell cases”. These boxes are, after filling, closed by a lid.
  • Lids are known that have four flaps that are folded and glued to the sides of the box. Lids are also known whose different shutters are previously shaped by nesting or gluing; these lids are inserted on the top of the box and secured to the box by gluing, stapling or by a metal or plastic tie.
  • Boxes are also known which, after forming, are composed of five walls, like the boxes previously described, and four upper panels. Each of these upper flaps is connected to one of the side walls of the box by a fold line.
  • Known boxes of this type are called "American boxes”. These boxes are, after filling, closed by folding the four upper flaps which are held in position by gluing, stapling or a metal or plastic link.
  • Different locking products are often used by the users or integrated into the forming or closing machines of boxes, to immobilize the different objects whose overall volume varies from one box to another.
  • Methods consist in reducing the height of the boxes, in order to bring it closer to the height of the packaged products.
  • This method also reduces the height of the box to the useful height.
  • the invention relates more particularly to improvements made to the method and to the machine described in this document.
  • the problem thus posed consists in providing a means of reducing the height of a box as close as possible to the articles previously packaged in said box, in the case where the reduction in height to be made is greater than half the width of said box, and this without removing a portion of material from this box, nor making any cutting thereof.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a solution to the problem posed by the creation of a method and a machine for reducing the height of a box of a rigid and foldable material, composed of a bottom and at least four side walls, by folding on the top of the stack of objects disposed in said box, the upper portions of said side walls of said box so that the reduction in height thus obtained can be greater than half -width of the box.
  • This method is remarkable in that the horizontal creases or grooves are executed at an altitude substantially equal to that of the top of said stack of objects and such that the distance between said vertex and the top of the box is greater than half width of said box; and in that during the simultaneous folding phase of the upper parts of the two side walls parallel to the length of said box towards the center thereof, and before the meeting of the edges or upper edges of said upper parts, the angles are differentiated. tilting said upper portions relative to each other such that when the upper portions meet, the upper edge of one of said upper portions overlies the upper edge of the other upper portion said upper parts sliding on top of each other during the final folding phase of the latter.
  • the upper edge of the upper part of one of the side walls parallel to the length of the box is firstly deflected downwards by a deflector and simultaneously that the upper edge of the upper part of the other side wall parallel to the length of the box is deflected upwards by said deflector, then said deflector retracts under the pressure of at least one of said ridges, so that said ridges do not interfere with each other and that the central flaps of the upper part of said side walls parallel to the length of the box are thus folded by a angle substantially equal to 90 ° and overlap partially in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • each of said horizontal creases and each of said oblique creases is obtained by crushing the material used for the manufacture of said box at the bottom of a groove section, for example square, rectangular or triangular under the action of a tool of which end has a section substantially complementary to that of said groove.
  • a horizontal double-creasing consisting of two parallel horizontal creases, close to one another, is carried out at a substantially equal altitude. to that of the top of said stack of objects.
  • two oblique double-creases each consist of two oblique grooves substantially parallel and close to one another, each of said oblique double-creases being produced. having one end at one of the ends of the horizontal or horizontal double-crease on said wall and the other end at the upper edge of said wall and such that said double-creasing oblique forms an angle substantially equal to 45 ° with the horizontal plane.
  • the lower part of these two walls is held at the same time in a vertical position, for example using suction cups.
  • the height of the box has been reduced to the useful height corresponding to the height of the stack of objects previously arranged in the box, including when the reduction in height is greater than half the width of the box. said box.
  • volume of the box has been reduced to a volume close to the useful volume corresponding to the volume of the objects previously arranged in said box.
  • the chocking action of the objects arranged in the box can be easily reinforced by the laying of a lid covering the upper part thereof and by the presence, between the objects and the lid , different shutters folded up the upper parts of the side walls of said box.
  • the objects arranged inside the box are perfectly locked and the volume of the box is reduced, which reduces the shipping costs of said box, without the contribution of any cushioning material other than the box itself, no removal of a portion of material from this box, or making any cut-out of this box.
  • the present invention also relates to a machine for reducing the height of a box composed of a bottom and at least four side walls, by folding the upper parts of said side walls of the box on the top of the stack of objects previously arranged inside the latter, so that this reduction in height may possibly be greater than the half-width of said box
  • said machine comprises means for deflecting downwards the upper edge of the upper part of one of the side walls parallel to the length of the box and means for simultaneously deflecting upwardly. upper edge of the upper part of the other side walls parallel to the length of the box during the folding of the upper portions of said side walls parallel to the length of the box.
  • the machine comprises, for the realization of said horizontal creases and said oblique creases, sets of grooves of section for example square, rectangular, semicircular or triangular and tools whose end has a section substantially complementary to that of said grooves.
  • the machine comprises means for producing, on each of the two side walls parallel to the width of said box, at least one double-creasing horizontal consisting of two parallel horizontal creases close to each other.
  • the machine comprises means for producing, on each of the two side walls parallel to the length of said box, at least two oblique double-creases, each consisting of two oblique grooves substantially parallel and close to one another.
  • the machine comprises means for maintaining in vertical position the lower part of each of the two side walls parallel to the length of said box, during folding towards the center of said box of the upper part of each of these two side walls.
  • the invention comes from the field of various articles packaging methods providing a grooving of the upper parts of the side walls of the packaging boxes and the folding of these upper parts towards the center of said boxes, as well as the machines allowing the implementation of these methods.
  • the invention relates to provisions for extending the applications of the method and the machine described in the document WO-2006/053989 to which it will be possible to refer, if necessary, for a good understanding of the present invention.
  • the figure 1 attached drawings shows a box 1 which is composed of a bottom and the side walls 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d.
  • the bottom has a rectangular shape, so that the box has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, while, according to this example, the side walls la and la are parallel to the length of the box 1 and that the side walls 1b and 1d are parallel to the width of the latter.
  • bottom and the side walls could have a different shape, for example a square shape or a general square or rectangular shape with cut corners.
  • this box 1 can be made of different foldable materials and provided with the stiffness commonly present in such articles, such as corrugated cardboard, compact cardboard or any other equivalent foldable sheet material.
  • the figure 2 shows the box 1, composed of the bottom and the side walls 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, in which were housed a number of objects 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of various shapes and sizes.
  • the number and size of objects can be any, as well as their storage in the box.
  • Objects can be stacked on top of each other, if necessary. In order to justify and authorize the treatment of the box by the machine according to the invention, the height of the stack of objects must be substantially less than the height of the box.
  • the innovative result provided by the invention is to allow the setting of articles of which one or more have a height such that the distance between the high point of said articles and the top of the box 1 is greater than half -width of said box.
  • the figure 3 shows said box 1 after completion of the first phases of the operating cycle of the machine.
  • the oblique crease 8aa has an end located at one of the ends of said horizontal score 7a, while the oblique score 8ab has one end located at the other end of said horizontal score 7a.
  • said oblique crease 8ca has one end located at one end of said horizontal crease 7c, while the oblique crease 8cb has one end at the other end of said horizontal crease 7c.
  • Each of said oblique grooves 8aa, 8ab, 8ca and 8cb form an angle substantially equal to 45 ° with the horizontal plane, that is to say with the longitudinal grooves 7a or 7c.
  • the horizontal creasing 7a and oblique creases 8aa and 8ab delimit three flaps 1aa, 1ab and 1ac forming the upper part of the wall 1a whereas the horizontal creasing 7c and oblique creases 8ca and 8cb also delimit three flaps 1ca, 1cb and 1cc on the upper part of the wall 1c.
  • the upper edge or upper edge 9a of the wall 1a and the upper edge or upper edge 9c of the wall 1c is equal to the distance between the horizontal creasing 7c and the upper edge 9c and each of these two distances is substantially greater than the half-width of the box which is itself equal to the distance between said side walls 1a and 1c.
  • the figure 4 shows said box 1 at a later stage of realization of the operating cycle of the machine.
  • the pivoting angle of the upper portions of said side walls around said horizontal creases will be about 90 ° when said high parts have been brought in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the different flaps separated by the oblique creases are also and simultaneously folded over each other by pivoting around said oblique creases: the shutter 1aa is folded on the shutter 1ac by pivoting around the oblique crease 8aa, the pane 1ab is folded on the shutter 1ac by pivoting around the oblique crease 8ab, the shutter 1ca is folded on the shutter 1cc by pivoting around the oblique crease 8ca and finally the shutter 1cb is folded on the shutter 1cc by pivoting around the oblique crease 8cb .
  • the pivot angle of said flaps between them will be about 180 ° when said flaps have been brought in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the figure 5 shows the box 1 at the machine outlet, after complete folding of the upper parts of said side walls 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, so that said folded up portions are found in a substantially horizontal plane located at said horizontal creases 7a, 7b , 7c and 7d, substantially at the top of the stack of objects previously disposed in said box 1 whose height is such that the distance between said top and the top of said box 1 is greater than half the width of said box.
  • the horizontal grooves 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and the oblique grooves 8aa, 8ab, 8ca and 8cb can be executed by means of the machine described in the document WO-2006/053889 .
  • This figure shows in particular the matrix 10 and the elevator 13 which are used to refold the upper portions of the side walls of said carton 1.
  • This station also comprises a deflector 11 whose lower part comprises two pressing devices 12a, 12b each having a concave cam profile and acting, in a first phase, during the rise of said elevator 13, on the upper edges 9a and 9c of the side walls 1a and 1c of the box 1 which are parallel to the length of the box 1, positioned on said elevator, exerting on them a horizontal component force which tends to fold the upper parts of said side walls 1a and 1 c towards the center of the box 1.
  • a deflector 11 whose lower part comprises two pressing devices 12a, 12b each having a concave cam profile and acting, in a first phase, during the rise of said elevator 13, on the upper edges 9a and 9c of the side walls 1a and 1c of the box 1 which are parallel to the length of the box 1, positioned on said elevator, exerting on them a horizontal component force which tends to fold the upper parts of said side walls 1a and 1 c towards the center of the box 1.
  • FIG. 6 represents a cutaway view of the presser 12b, so as to allow good vision of the deflector 11; the shape of the presser 12b is identical to that of the presser 12a and both have a substantially flat bottom face.
  • Said pressers 12a and 12b act, in a second phase, during the upward movement of said elevator 20, on the upper parts of said sidewalls 1b and 1d by exerting on them a vertical force which makes it possible to completely fold them so as to bring them into the horizontal plane located substantially at the top of the stack of objects.
  • the upper parts of the longitudinal side walls 1a, 1c of the box 1 have a height greater than half the width of said box, so that the upper edges 9a, 9c of the walls 1a, 1c could interfere with each other. other during the folding phase of the upper portions of said walls.
  • This method and the machine according to the invention make it possible to eliminate this problem by allowing complete folding of these high parts, without the upper edges 9a, 9c of the walls 1a, 1c interfering with each other during this phase of folding.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly remarkable in that the horizontal creases or grooves 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are executed at an altitude substantially equal to that of the top of said stack of objects and such that the distance between said vertex and the top of the box is greater than half the width of the box, and in that during the simultaneous folding phase of the upper parts of the two side walls parallel to the length of said box towards the center thereof, and before the meeting of the edges or upper edges of said upper parts, the angles of inclination of said high parts are differentiated with respect to each other, so that when the said upper parts meet the upper edge of the one of said high parts covers the upper edge of the other upper part, said high parts sliding on one another during the final phase of folding of the latter.
  • the angle of inclination of at least one of said upper parts, or the angle of inclination is modified. angle of inclination of the two high parts.
  • the upper edge 9a of the upper part of one of said parallel side walls to the length of the box is first deflected downwards by a deflector 14 and simultaneously that the upper edge 9c of the upper part of the other side wall parallel to the length of the box is deflected upwards by said deflector, then said deflector is retracted under the pressure of at least one of said edges, so that said edges do not interfere with each other and that the central flaps 1ac, 1cc of the upper part of said side walls parallel to the length of the box are thus folded by an angle substantially equal to 90 ° and are partially superimposed in a substantially horizontal plane, at the end of folding.
  • the machine according to the invention is remarkable in that it comprises means for producing said horizontal grooves or grooves 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d at an altitude substantially equal to that of the top of said stack of objects and such that the distance between said top and the top of the box is greater than half -Width of said box, and in that it comprises means 14 for, during the simultaneous folding phase of the upper parts of the two side walls 1a, 1c parallel to the length of the box 1 towards the center thereof and before the meeting of the upper edges or edges 9a, 9c of said upper parts, to differentiate the angles of inclination of said upper parts, so that when the latter meet, the edge or upper edge 9a or 9c of one high parts passes above the upper edge or edge 9c or 9a of the other high part, said high parts slide on one another during the final phase of folding of the latter.
  • the machine comprises means for deflecting downwardly the upper edge 9a of the upper part of one of the side walls 1a parallel to the length of the box and means 14b to simultaneously divert to the top of the upper edge 9c of the upper part of the other 1c side walls parallel to the length of the box during the folding of the upper portions of said side walls parallel to the length of the box.
  • said upward and downward deflection means of the upper edges 9a, 9b of the upper parts of the side walls 1a, 1b parallel to the length of the box are constituted by a rocking deflector 14 placed on the pivoting path of said upper portions towards the center of the edge box at the upper edges 9a, 9c of said upper portions.
  • the figure 7 is a sectional view of said deflector 11. It is seen in this figure, that said deflector incorporates a deflector 14, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation 15. The amplitude of the rotational movement of said deflector 14 is limited by the stops 16 and 17.
  • said deflector has an L-shaped profile and comprises, in the lower part a zone or wing 14c whose section is of triangular shape and which itself comprises two active faces, a lower face 14a and an upper face 14b.
  • FIGS 8 to 13 are cross-sectional views of said box 1 and said deflector 11, at different successive phases of the folding of the upper part of said side walls 1a and 1c of said box 1, as and when said lift 13 is raised.
  • the figure 10 shows that said ridges 9a and 9c then come into contact with said deflector 14, the edge 9a coming into contact with the lower face 14a and the edge 9c coming into contact with the upper face 14b of said deflector. It is understood that the edge 9a is thus deflected downwards, as is the upper part of the side wall 1a and thus loses contact with said deflector 11, while the edge 9c is thus deflected upwards, likewise the upper part of the side wall 1c and thus maintains contact with said deflector 11.
  • said edge 9a then loses contact with the lower face 14a of said baffle 14, to come into contact with the lower face of the folded upper part of said side wall 1c and that, in the same time, said edge 9c exerts a force on said deflector 14, force which tends to rotate said deflector about its axis of rotation 15 until said deflector is completely retracted.
  • the figure 12 shows that, in a subsequent phase of the folding movement, said edge 9c has also lost contact with said deflector 14 and it has been seen previously that the action of said pressers 12a and 12b then causes the folding of the upper part of said side walls 1b and 1d, which causes the folding of the upper part of said side wall 1c, and also that of the upper part of said wall 1a, thanks to the action of the lower face of said wall 1c on said edge 9a.
  • the figure 13 shows said box 1 after complete folding of the upper parts of said side walls 1a and 1c. It is known that this complete folding could be obtained thanks to the action of said pressers 12a and 12b as described above. It can be seen that the folded up portions of said side walls 1a and 1c are in a substantially horizontal plane and that the folded upper part of said wall 1c is superimposed on the folded upper part of said wall 1a on part of its surface. We also see said deflector 14 which has returned to its original position under the action of its own weight or for example under the action of a spring or other element not shown on the figure 13 .
  • FIGS. 14 to 16 are sectional views that illustrate different possibilities of performing a creasing or grooving of the type of those made on said box 1 for the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the figure 14 shows a groove 18 of square or rectangular section and a tool 19 whose end also has a square or rectangular section. It will be understood that in order to obtain a creasing of the type of those which are carried out on said box for the implementation of the method according to the invention, it is appropriate to place the material zone of said box where the creasing must be performed between said groove 18 and said tool 19, then to bring said tool of said groove by crushing said area of material under the effect of a compressive force.
  • FIGS 17 to 19 are cross-sectional views of a material flank 24 of a foldable material of the type used to make said box 1.
  • the figure 17 shows said flank in vertical position.
  • a creasing 25 of the type of those which are made on said box for the implementation of the method according to the invention. It can be seen that said creasing has the effect of greatly reducing the thickness of said sidewall 24 locally, along a segment perpendicular to the plane of section, and it is understood that this has the consequence of facilitating the folding of said flank at the level of said segment. .
  • said creasing 25 delimits the boundary between the flank portion 24a and the flank portion 24b of said flank 24.
  • the figure 18 shows said flank 24 after folding, around said creasing 25 and at an angle substantially equal to 90 °, of the flank portion 24a with respect to the flank portion 24b, so as to bring the flank portion 24a in a plane substantially horizontal. It is understood that the elasticity of the material generates stresses in the zone of said creasing 25, which oppose this folding and tending to return said flank portion 24a to its initial position. It is also understood that, if said sidewall portion 24b is held in a fixed position, it is impossible to horizontally move the end 24c of said sidewall portion 24a, without compressing or stretching the material of said sidewall 24.
  • the figure 19 shows said flank 24 after folding of the flank portion 24a, by an angle substantially equal to 180 °, with respect to the flank portion 24b, so as to bring it in a substantially vertical plane. It is understood that the elasticity of the material generates very strong stresses in the zone of said creasing 25, which oppose this folding and which tend to bring said flank portion 24a back to its initial position. It is also understood that, if said sidewall portion 24b is held in a fixed position, it is impossible to vertically move the end 24c of said sidewall portion 24a, without compressing or stretching the material of said sidewall 24.
  • the figure 20 is a sectional view which illustrates a possibility of performing a double-creasing of the type of those which are carried out on said box 1 for the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • two grooves 26a and 26b of square or rectangular section and it is understood that said grooves are substantially parallel.
  • a tool 27 which has two ends of square or rectangular section, each of these two ends being located opposite one of said grooves 26a or 26b.
  • FIGS. 21 to 23 are cross-sectional views of a flank of material 28 of a foldable material of the type used to make said box 1.
  • the figure 21 shows said flank in vertical position.
  • a double-creasing 29 of the type of those made on said box for carrying out the method according to the invention. It can be seen that said double-creasing 29 has the effect of greatly reducing the thickness of said flank 28 locally, along two segments perpendicular to the plane of section, and it is understood that this has the consequence of facilitating the folding of said flank at the level of said segments.
  • said double-creasing 29 delimits the boundaries between the flank portion 28a, the flank portion 28b and the flank portion 28c of said flank 28.
  • the figure 22 shows said flank 28 after folding by an angle substantially equal to 90 °, of the flank portion 28a with respect to the flank portion 28b, so as to bring the flank portion 28a in a substantially horizontal plane. It is understood that, given the equilibrium of the elastic forces, the flank portion 28c is also folded and forms an angle substantially equal to 45 ° with respectively said flank portions 28a and 28b. It is also understood that said double-creasing 29 reduces, with respect to a simple creasing, the constraints related to the elasticity of the material that oppose said folding and tend to bring said flank portion 28a back to its initial position.
  • said double-creasing 29 increases the degrees of freedom of the flank portion 28a and that, for example, if said flank portion 28b is held in a fixed position, it becomes possible to horizontally move the end 28d of said sidewall portion 28a, without compressing or stretching the material of said sidewall 28 but varying the angle formed by said sidewall portion 28c with respectively said sidewall portions 28a and 28b.
  • the figure 23 shows said flank 28 after folding of the flank portion 28a, at an angle substantially equal to 180 °, relative to the flank portion 28b, so as to bring it in a substantially vertical plane. It is understood that, given the equilibrium of the elastic forces, the flank portion 28c is also folded and forms an angle substantially equal to 90 ° with respectively the flank portion 28a and the flank portion 28b. It is also understood that said double-creasing 29 reduces, with respect to a simple creasing, the constraints related to the elasticity of the material that oppose said folding and tend to bring said flank portion 28a back to its initial position.
  • said double-creasing 29 increases the degrees of freedom of the flank portion 28a and that, for example, if said flank portion 28b is held in a fixed position, it becomes possible to vertically move the end 28d of said sidewall portion 28a, without compressing or stretching the material of said sidewall 28 but varying the angle formed by said sidewall portion 28c with respectively said sidewall portions 28a and 28b.
  • the figure 24 is an isometric view of the box after completion of the first phases of the operating cycle of the machine according to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • horizontal double-creases 30b and 30d made on the two side walls 1b and 1d which are parallel to the width of the box 1. Said horizontal double-creases 30b and 30d are also produced in a horizontal plane situated substantially at the level of the vertex of the stack of objects.
  • oblique double-creases 31aa and 31ab made on the wall 1a and oblique double-creases 31ca and 31cb made on the wall 1c It can be seen that said oblique double-crease 31aa has an end situated at one of the ends of said horizontal crease 7a. It can be seen that said oblique double-crease 31ab has one end located at the other end of said horizontal crease 7a. It is understood that said oblique double-crease 31ca has an end located at one end of said horizontal crease 7c. It can be seen that said oblique double-crease 31cb has one end located at the other end of said horizontal crease 7c. It is also seen that said oblique double-creases 31aa, 31b, 31c and 31cb form an angle substantially equal to 45 ° with the horizontal plane.
  • said horizontal creasing 7a and said oblique double-creases 31a and 31b have created three flaps 1aa, 1ab and 1ac on the upper part of said wall 1a and that said horizontal creasing 7c and said oblique double creases 31a and 31cb have also created three flaps 1ca, 1cb and 1cc on the upper part of said wall 1c.
  • the figure 25 shows said box 1 after completion of all phases of the operating cycle of the machine according to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the upper parts of the different side walls 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d have been folded so as to bring them back into a substantially horizontal plane situated at the level of said horizontal creases 7a and 7c and of said horizontal double creases 30b and 30d, or substantially at the top of the stack of objects previously arranged in said box 1.
  • the upper part of said side walls 1b and 1d, parallel to the width of said box 1 forms an angle substantially equal to 90 ° with respectively the lower part of said side walls 1b and 1d.
  • the presence of said horizontal double-creases 30b and 30d reduces, compared to simple creases, the constraints related to the elasticity of the material that tend to bring the upper part of said walls 1b and 1d in a vertical position.
  • said flap 1 aa is folded over said flap 1ac around said oblique double-crease 31 aa and therefore forms an angle substantially equal to 180 ° with said flap 1ac
  • said flap 1ab is folded on said flap 1ac by pivoting around said oblique double-crease 31ab and thus forms an angle substantially equal to 180 ° with said flap 1ac
  • said flap 1ca is folded on said flap 1cc by pivoting around said oblique double-crease 31ca and therefore forms an angle substantially equal to 180 ° with said flap 1cc
  • said flap 1 cb is folded on said flap 1cc by pivoting around said oblique double-crease 31cb and therefore forms an angle substantially equal to 180 ° with said flap 1cc.
  • the figure 26 is a sectional view of said box 1 and said deflector 11 during the folding phase of the upper portions of said sidewalls 1a and 1c respectively around said horizontal creases 7a and 7c. It is understood that, if the distance between said horizontal creases 7a and 7c and said bottom 1e of said box 1 is reduced, the upper part of said side walls 1a and 1c may have a tendency to pivot around respectively the horizontal edge which connects said wall 1a and said wall 1c with said bottom 1a. We see on the figure 26 two systems for maintaining in vertical position the lower part of said side walls 1a and 1c.
  • first system consisting of the suction cup 32a and the vacuum generator 33a, which is understood that it is applied against the lower part of said side wall 1a to maintain it vertically and constrain the upper part of said side wall 1a to rotate around said horizontal score 7a.
  • second system consisting of the suction cup 32c and the vacuum generator 33c, which is understood to be applied against the lower part of said side wall 1c to maintain it vertically and constrain the upper part of said side wall 1c to pivot about said horizontal score 7c.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
  • Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren zur Verringerung der Höhe einer Schachtel (1) ausgebildet aus einem faltbaren Material, umfassend einen Boden (1e) und mindestens vier Seitenwände (1a, 1b, 1c und 1 d) bis zur Höhe der Oberseite eines Stapels von Gegenständen (2, 3, 4, 5 und 6), die vorher in der besagten Schachtel platziert wurden, deren Höhe geringer als die halbe Breite der Schachtel ist, wobei die Verringerung der Höhe der genannten Schachtel (1) die Anpassung der Höhe der letzteren auf die Höhe des Inhalts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) ermöglicht, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - in jeder der Seitenwände (1 a, 1 b, 1 c und 1 d) der Schachtel wird eine Rille (oder Nut) horizontal (7a, 7b, 7c und 7d) beabstandet zum Boden (1 e) der genannten Schachtel vorgesehen;
    - in den oberen Abschnitt jedes der beiden in Längsrichtung parallel angeordneten Seitenwände (1a und 1c) werden zwei schräg verlaufende Kerblinien (oder Nuten) eingebracht (8aa, 8ab, 8ca und 8cb), deren jeweils eines Ende sich auf der Höhe eines der Enden der horizontalen Rille (7a, 7c) befindet, welche an der besagten Wand vorgesehen wurden und deren anderes Ende sich in der Höhe des oberen Endes (9a, 9c) der besagten Seitenwand befindet, derart, dass die schräge Kerblinie einen Winkel von im Wesentlichen 45° mit der horizontalen Ebene bildet;
    - man faltet den obere Teil der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwänden der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte der Schachtel, um die horizontale Falte herum unter einem Winkel, der im Wesentlichen gleich 90° ist, und faltet gleichzeitig die oberen Teils der zwei parallelen Querseitenwände der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte, um die horizontale Falte herum unter einem Winkel, der im Wesentlichen gleich 90° ist, und faltet gleichzeitig, die einen auf die anderen, wobei die verschiedenen Klappen (1aa, 1ab, 1ac, 1ca, 1cb und 1cc), die durch die schrägen Kerblinien, die die oberen Teile der parallelen Längsseitenwände aufweisen, voneinander separiert werden um die schrägen Kerblinien herum und um einen Winkel, der im wesentlichen gleich 180° ist;
    wobei dieses Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die horizontalen Nuten oder Rillen (7a, 7b, 7c und 7d) in im Wesentlichen in gleichen Höhe zu der Oberseite der gebildeten Stapel von Gegenständen ist und dass der Abstand zwischen der Oberseite und der Oberseite der Schachtel größer ist, als die halbe Breite der besagten Schachtel und während der Phase des gleichzeitigen Faltens der oberen Teile der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte und vor dem Zusammentreffen der Enden oder der oberen Seitenkanten der besagten oberen Teile werden die Neigungswinkel der oberen Teile zueinander derart verändert, dass beim Zusammentreffen der oberen Teile die oberen Kante des einen oberen Teils die obere Kante des anderen oberen Teils überdeckt, wobei der eine oberen Teil während der letzten Phase des Zusammenfaltens auf der der anderen gleitet;
    - man reduziert die Höhe der Schachtel um ein Wert, der größer ist als die halbe Breite der besagten Schachtel ohne Material der Schachtel entfernen zu müssen und ohne irgendein Zerschneiden der Schachtel.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Neigungswinkel während der gleichzeitigen Faltung der oberen Teile der parallelen Längsseitenwänden (1a, 1 c) der Schachtel, von wenigstens einer der genannten oberen Abschnitte oder der Neigungswinkel der beiden oberen Abschnitte modifiziert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Faltphase der oberen Teile der Seitenwände (1 a, 1 c) parallel zur Längsrichtung der Schachtel (1), der obere Rand (9a) des oberen Teils einer der parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel zuerst nach unten durch einen Umlenker (14) abgelenkt und gleichzeitig die obere Kante (9c) von dem oberen Teil der anderen parallelen Längsseitenwand der Schachtel durch den Umlenker nach oben abgelenkt wird, und der Umlenker unter dem Druck mindestens eine der Kanten in einer solchen Weise eingefahrenen wird, dass die besagten Kanten nicht in Überlagerung geraten und die zentralen Klappen (1ac, 1 cc) der oberen Teile der parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel in einem Winkel von im Wesentlichen 90° und sich in einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Ebene, am Ende der Faltung, teilweise überlappen.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der horizontalen Falten (7a, 7b, 7c und 7d) und jede der schrägen Falten (8aa, 8ab, 8ca und 8cb) durch Zerdrücken des zur Herstellung der Schachtel verwendeten Materials auf den Nutboden (18, 20, 22) eines beispielsweise rechteckig, oder halbkreisförmig oder dreieckigen Querschnitts unter der Wirkung eines Werkzeuges (19, 21, 23) erfolgt, dessen Ende eine im wesentlichen komplementäre Querschnittsform der besagten Nut aufweist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an jeder der beiden parallelen Querseitenwände (1 b, 1d) der besagten Schachtel eine horizontale Doppel-Nut (30b, 30d) eingebracht wird, bestehend aus zwei nahe nebeneinander angeordnete horizontale Rillen im Wesentlichen in gleicher Höhe zur Oberseite des Stapels von Gegenständen, und derart, dass der Abstand zwischen der genannten Oberseite und der Oberseite der Schachtel größer ist als die halbe Breite der besagten Schachtel.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den oberen Abschnitt jedes der beiden in Längsrichtung parallel angeordneten Seitenwänden der Schachtel zwei schräg verlaufende Doppel-Kerblinien (31 aa, 31 ab, 31 ca, 31 cb) eingebracht werden, bestehend aus zwei nahe nebeneinander angeordneten schräg verlaufenden Rillen, jede der beiden Doppel-Kerblinien weist jeweils eine Ende auf, das sich auf der Höhe eines der Enden der horizontalen Rille (7a, 7c) oder der horizontalen Doppel-Falte (30b, 30d) befindet, welche an der besagten Wand vorgesehen wurden und deren anderes Ende sich in der Höhe des oberen Endes (9a, 9c) der besagten Seitenwand befindet, derart, dass die schräge Doppel-Kerblinie einen Winkel von im Wesentlichen 45° mit der horizontalen Ebene bildet
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Falten des oberen Teils der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte, gleichzeitig der unter Teil der beiden Seitenwände in einer vertikalen Position gehalten wird.
  8. Maschine, um die Höhe einer Schachtel (1) umfassend einen Boden (1e) und mindestens vier Seitenwände (1a, 1b, 1c und 1d) zu reduzieren, durch Falten der oberen Teile der genannten Seitenwände der Schachtel bis zur Höhe der Oberseite eines Stapels von Gegenständen (2, 3, 4, 5 und 6), die vorher in der besagten Schachtel platziert wurden, deren Höhe gegebenenfalls geringer als die halbe Breite der Schachtel sein kann, umfassend:
    - Mittel (18, 19) zum Anbringen horizontaler Nuten (oder Rillen) (7a, 7b, 7c und 7d) an jeder der Seitenwände im Wesentlichen auf gleiche Höhe wie die Oberseite der genannten gestapelten Objekte;
    - Mittel (18, 19) um in jedem oberen Abschnitt jedes der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände (1a, 1c) der Schachtel zwei schräge Kerblinien (oder Nuten) (8aa, 8ab, 8ca und 8cb) einzubringen, deren jeweils eines Ende sich auf der Höhe eines der Enden der horizontalen Falte (7a, 7c) befindet, welche an der besagten Wand vorgesehen wurden und deren anderes Ende sich in der Höhe des oberen Endes (9a, 9c) der besagten Seitenwand befindet, derart, dass die schräge Kerblinie einen Winkel von im Wesentlichen 45° mit der horizontalen Ebene bildet;
    - Mittel (11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) zum Falten des obere Teils der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände (1a, 1 c) der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte der Schachtel, um die horizontale Falte (7a, 7c) herum unter einem Winkel, der im Wesentlichen gleich 90° ist, und Mittel (12a, 12b, 13) zum gleichzeitigen Falten der oberen Teile der zwei parallelen Querseitenwände der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte, um die horizontale Falte (7b, 7d) herum unter einem Winkel, der im Wesentlichen gleich 90° ist, und zum gleichzeitige Falten, des einen auf den anderen der verschiedenen Klappen (1aa, 1ab, 1ac, 1ca, 1cb und 1cc), die durch die schrägen Kerblinien separiert sind, die die oberen Teile der parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel aufweisen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel aufweist, die es ermöglichen die genannten horizontalen Nuten bzw. Rillen (7a, 7b, 7c und 7d) in einer im Wesentlichen gleiche Höhe wie die der Oberseite des Stapels von Gegenständen, zu realisieren, so dass der Abstand zwischen der besagten Oberseite und der Oberseite des Kastens größer ist, als die halbe Breite der Schachtel, und dass diese Mittel (14) aufweist, die es ermöglichen während der Phase des Faltens der oberen Teile der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände (1a, 1c) der Schachtel in Richtung zur Mitte hin und vor dem Zusammentreffen der Enden oder der oberen Seitenkanten (9a, 9c) der besagten oberen Teile die Neigungswinkel der oberen Teile zueinander derart zu verändern, dass beim Zusammentreffen der letzgenannten die obere Kante (9a, 9c) des einen oberen Teils über die obere Kante (9c oder 9a) des anderen oberen Teils gelangt, wobei die genannten oberen Teile während der letzten Phase des Zusammenfaltens aufeinander gleiten.
  9. Maschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (14a) aufweist, um den oberen Rand (9a) des oberen Teils einer der parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel nach unten abzulenken und gleichzeitig die obere Kante (9c) von dem oberen Teil der anderen parallelen Längsseitenwand der Schachtel während dem Falten der oberen Teile der genannten parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel nach oben abzulenken.
  10. Maschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umlenkmittel für die oberen Kanten (9a, 9b) der parallelen Längsseitenkanten der Schachtel nach unten und oben durch einen schwenkbaren Umlenker (14) gebildet werden, welche auf dem zum Zentrum der Schachtel gerichteten Schwenkweg der genannten oberen Teile der oberen Kanten (9a, 9c) der oberen Teile angeordnet ist.
  11. Maschine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte Umlenker (14) ein L-Profil aufweiset, dessen innerer Schenkel oder Flügel (14c) mit dreieckigem Querschnitt zwei aktive gegenüberliegenden Seiten bildet, eine Oberseite (14b) und einer Unterseite (14a) bildet.
  12. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie, zur Realisierung der horizontalen Nuten und der schrägen Nuten, Nuteneinheiten (18, 20, 22) mit beispielsweise quadratischem, rechteckigem, halbrundem oder dreieckigem Querschnitt und Werkzeuge (19, 21, 23) mit einem Endabschnitt, der eine im Wesentlichen gleichen Querschnitt, wie die der besagten Nuten aufweist.
  13. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (26a, 26b, 27) zum Erzeugen auf jeder der beiden parallelen Querseitenwände (1 b, 1 d) der Schachtel mindestens eine horizontale Doppel-Nut (30b, 30d) aus zwei horizontalen parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Rillen aufweist.
  14. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (26a, 26b, 27) zum Erzeugen auf jeder der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände (1a und 1c) der Schachtel mindestens eine horizontale Doppel-Nut (31 aa, 31 ab) aus zwei horizontalen parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Rillen aufweist.
  15. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche bis 8 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (32a, 32c, 33a, 33c) zum Halten des unteren Teils der parallelen Längsseitenwände (1a und 1 c) der Schachtel in vertikaler Position während dem Falten der oberen Teile jedes der beiden Seitenwände in Richtung der Mitte der genannten Schachtel aufweist.
  16. Maschine nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel, die zum Halten der vertikalen Position der unteren Teile der beiden parallelen Längsseitenwände der Schachtel während dem Falten der oberen Teile jedes der beiden Seitenwände zur Mitte hin, durch Sauger (32a, 32b, die einem oder mehreren Vakuum-Generatoren (33a, 33c) zugeordnet sind, gebildet werden.
EP13708197.2A 2012-02-08 2013-02-05 Verfahren und maschine zur reduzierung der höhe von schachteln mit einem quadratischem oder rechteckigem querschnitt Active EP2812180B1 (de)

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PCT/FR2013/050238 WO2013117852A1 (fr) 2012-02-08 2013-02-05 Procédé et machine pour réduire la hauteur de boîtes à section carrée ou rectangulaire

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FR2986459B1 (fr) 2015-12-18
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CN203306250U (zh) 2013-11-27
US20150013278A1 (en) 2015-01-15
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