EP2801772B1 - Kühlvorrichtung und -verfahren zur erkennung der abfüllung eines falschen kühlmittels - Google Patents

Kühlvorrichtung und -verfahren zur erkennung der abfüllung eines falschen kühlmittels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2801772B1
EP2801772B1 EP12862282.6A EP12862282A EP2801772B1 EP 2801772 B1 EP2801772 B1 EP 2801772B1 EP 12862282 A EP12862282 A EP 12862282A EP 2801772 B1 EP2801772 B1 EP 2801772B1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
charged
type
saturation temperature
temperature characteristics
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2801772A1 (de
EP2801772A4 (de
Inventor
Makoto Ikemiya
Hisaaki Takaoka
Kazuhide Mizutani
Akitoshi Ueno
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/18—Refrigerant conversion

Definitions

  • PATENT DOCUMENT 1 When a refrigeration apparatus including a refrigerant circuit through which refrigerant circulates to perform a refrigeration cycle, such as an air conditioner or a refrigerator, is newly provided or renewed as described in, for example, PATENT DOCUMENT 1, an operation in which a normal refrigerant is charged into the refrigerant circuit is performed.
  • PATENT DOCUMENT 2 provides a refrigerating cycle comprising a heat exchanger temperature detector and a pressure detector. At the time of stopping its operation, when a temperature of the exchanger is detected by the temperature detector, the pressure detector detects a pressure in the cycle at that time and sends it to a processor. The processor compares the relation between a temperature and a pressure previously stored in terms of the fed signal. If the value is different, it is displayed on a display unit.
  • the method further includes: an inputting step of, when, in the characteristics determination step, a determination is made that the saturation temperature characteristics of the refrigerant charged in the charging step are identical to the saturation temperature characteristics of the previously determined normal refrigerant, manually inputting a type of the charged refrigerant to a data storage (103); and a forcible prohibition step of, when the type input to the data storage (103) is identical to a type of a predetermined refrigerant different from the previously determined normal refrigerant, forcibly prohibiting start of operation of the refrigeration apparatus.
  • the derived saturation temperature characteristics are identical to those of the normal refrigerant
  • an operator inputs the type of the charged refrigerant to the data storage (103).
  • the type of the refrigerant input to the data storage (103) is identical to the type of the predetermined refrigerant different from the normal refrigerant, the start of operation of the refrigeration apparatus is forcibly prohibited.
  • the predetermined refrigerant is a refrigerant that may cause, for example, damage to a machine of the refrigerant circuit (20).
  • the method of the first aspect of the invention may further include: an operation authorization step of, when the type input to the data storage is identical to a type of the previously determined normal refrigerant, recording a signal allowing start of operation of the refrigeration apparatus in the data storage (103).
  • the operator checks whether the type of the charged refrigerant is identical to the type of the normal refrigerant.
  • the operator starts operating the refrigeration apparatus.
  • the saturation temperature characteristics of the refrigerant charged into the refrigerant circuit (20) are derived from the pressure and temperature thereof.
  • the derived saturation temperature characteristics are different from those of the normal refrigerant (a refrigerant selected as a refrigerant to be charged)
  • a determination is made that a refrigerant different from the normal refrigerant has been charged into the refrigerant circuit (20), and an alarm indicating the determination is issued.
  • the refrigerant circuit (20) is, for example, evacuated, and then the normal refrigerant is again charged into the refrigerant circuit (20).
  • the operator checks whether the type of the charged refrigerant is identical to the type of the normal refrigerant.
  • the operator actuates the compressor (30). In other words, operation of the refrigeration apparatus is started.
  • a container refrigeration apparatus (10) of this embodiment is configured to cool the interior of a container for use in, for example, marine transportation, and forms a refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the container refrigeration apparatus (10) includes a refrigerant circuit including a compressor (30), a condenser (31), and an evaporator (33), and forms a refrigeration cycle.
  • the container refrigeration apparatus (10) serves as a lid body blocking an open lateral end of a container body (1a).
  • the refrigerant circuit (20) includes various sensors. Specifically, a high pressure sensor (60), a high pressure switch (61), and a discharge temperature sensor (62) are provided on the high pressure gas pipe (24).
  • the high pressure sensor (60) detects the pressure of the high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor (30).
  • the discharge temperature sensor (62) detects the temperature of the high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor (30).
  • a low pressure sensor (63) and a suction temperature sensor (64) are provided on a low pressure gas pipe (28) between the evaporator (33) and the compressor (30).
  • the low pressure sensor (63) detects the pressure of the low pressure gaseous refrigerant sucked into the compressor (30).
  • the suction temperature sensor (64) detects the temperature of the low pressure gaseous refrigerant sucked into the compressor (30).
  • the method for detecting whether a different refrigerant has been charged is a method for detecting whether a refrigerant different from a normal refrigerant (a refrigerant selected as a refrigerant to be charged) has been charged into the refrigerant circuit (20).
  • the normal refrigerant is refrigerant R134a.
  • the type of the refrigerant herein is an example.
  • the value detected by the outside temperature sensor (69) is used as the temperature of the refrigerant before being charged, i.e., the temperature of the refrigerant outside the container, to obtain the accurate temperature of the refrigerant. This enables the derivation of the accurate saturation temperature characteristics of the charged refrigerant.
  • a value detected by not the low pressure sensor (63) but the high pressure sensor (60) may be input, as the pressure of the charged refrigerant, to the characteristics determiner (101).
  • the operator manually inputs refrigerant charging information to the data storage (103) (step ST5, an inputting step).
  • the refrigerant charging information includes the "type of the charged refrigerant,” “the amount of the refrigerant charged,” “whether the refrigerant circuit is filled,” a “cylinder number” for the charged refrigerant, the "name of a company to which the operator having charged the refrigerant belongs (repair shop code),” and the "name” of the operator.
  • the actuation authorization section (104) determines that the input type is different from the type of the normal refrigerant, it outputs a corresponding signal to the actuation prohibition section (105). Then, the actuation prohibition section (105) determines whether the "type of the refrigerant" input to the data storage (103) is identical to the type of a predetermined refrigerant different from the normal refrigerant (step ST8, a type determining step).
  • the predetermined refrigerant is refrigerant R40.
  • the refrigerant R40 has saturation temperature characteristics substantially equivalent to those of the normal refrigerant R134a, and is not so compatible with the container refrigeration apparatus (10) of this embodiment.
  • the alarm (102) issues an alarm indicating that the charged refrigerant is different from the normal refrigerant (step ST4).
  • the actuation prohibition section (105) determines that the type of the refrigerant input to the data storage (103) is identical to the type of the predetermined refrigerant (R40), it outputs an "operation start disapproval” signal to the data storage (103), and the signal is recorded in the data storage (103) (step ST, a forcible prohibition step).
  • one of the "operation start authorization" signal or the "operation start disapproval” signal is recorded in the data storage (103), and when the "operation start disapproval” signal has been recorded, the compressor (30) cannot be actuated.
  • the actuation authorization section (104) determines whether or not the "operation start authorization” signal has been recorded in the data storage (103) (step ST11). If the "operation start authorization” signal has been recorded, the compressor (30) is actuated to start operation of the container refrigeration apparatus (10). If no "operation start authorization” signal has been recorded, i.e., if the "operation start disapproval” signal has been recorded, the compressor (30) is not actuated, and the operator performs operations to cancel the recorded "operation start disapproval” signal. For example, the operator collects the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (20), evacuates the refrigerant circuit (20), and again charges the normal refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit (20). In other words, the operator performs operations such that this process returns to step ST1. Thus, when, in step ST7, the "operation start authorization" signal is recorded, the recorded "operation start disapproval” signal is canceled.
  • the operator When the refrigerant circuit (20) is sensed to be out of gas, for example, during the above-described cooling mode (step ST20), the operator additionally charges a refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit (20) while continuing the cooling mode, i.e., with the compressor (30) driven (step ST21).
  • the situation where the refrigerant circuit (20) is out of gas corresponds to a situation where the amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (20) is inadequate.
  • the recorded "operation start authorization" signal can ensure the start of operation of the container refrigeration apparatus (10) (actuation of the compressor (30)).
  • the recorded "operation start disapproval” signal can ensure the prevention of the start of operation of the container refrigeration apparatus (10) (actuation of the compressor (30)).
  • the operation of the container refrigeration apparatus (10) can be reliably prevented from starting. This can prevent, for example, damage to the refrigeration machine before it occurs.
  • a more highly reliable container refrigeration apparatus (10) can be provided.
  • the present invention is not limited to the container refrigeration apparatus (10), and can be applied to other refrigeration apparatuses, such as an air conditioner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zum Detektieren, ob ein unterschiedliches Kältemittel in eine Kältemitteleinrichtung geladen wurde, die einen Kältemittelkreislauf (20) beinhaltet, durch den ein Kältemittel zirkuliert und der somit einen Kühlzyklus durchführt, das Verfahren umfassend:
    einen Ladungsschritt zum Laden eines Kältemittels in den Kältemittelkreislauf (20);
    einen Eigenschaftsbestimmungsschritt zum Bestimmen, ob Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels, das im Ladeschritt geladen wurde, mit Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften eines zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch sind, wobei die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels von einem Druck und einer Temperatur des Kältemittels abgeleitet werden;
    einen Warnschritt zum Ausgeben eines Alarms, der anzeigt, dass sich das geladene Kältemittel von dem normalen Kältemittel unterscheidet, wenn im Eigenschaftsbestimmungsschritt eine Bestimmung vorgenommen wird, dass sich die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels, das im Ladeschritt geladen wurde, von den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels unterscheiden;
    einen Eingabeschritt zum manuellen Eingeben einer Art des geladenen Kältemittels in einen Datenspeicher (103), wenn im Eigenschaftsbestimmungsschritt eine Bestimmung vorgenommen wird, dass die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels, das im Ladeschritt geladen wurde, mit den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch sind;
    einen zwangsweisen Verhinderungsschritt zum zwangsweisen Verhindern eines Betriebsstarts der Kältemitteleinrichtung, wenn die Art, die in den Datenspeicher (103) eingegeben wird, mit einer Art eines vorbestimmten Kältemittels identisch ist, das sich von dem zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittel unterscheidet, und
    im Eigenschaftsbestimmungsschritt eine Temperatur, die von einem Außentemperatursensor (69) detektiert wird, der eine Außentemperatur misst, bei Ableitung der Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels als die Temperatur des Kältemittels verwendet wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter umfassend:
    einen Betriebsautorisierungsschritt zum Aufzeichnen eines Signals, das Betriebsstart der Kältemitteleinrichtung erlaubt, im Datenspeicher (103), wenn die Art, die in den Datenspeicher eingegeben wird, mit einer Art des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    wenn im Eigenschaftsbestimmungsschritt eine Bestimmung vorgenommen wird, dass die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels, das im Ladeschritt geladen wurde, mit den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch sind, ein Bediener prüft, ob eine Art des geladenen Kältemittels mit einer Art des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch ist oder nicht, und der Bediener Betrieb der Kältemitteleinrichtung startet, wenn die Art des geladenen Kältemittels mit der Art des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    im Eingabeschritt nicht nur die Art des geladenen Kältemittels, sondern auch eine Zylindernummer für das geladene Kältemittel, ein Name einer Firma, zu der ein Bediener, der das Kältemittel geladen hat, gehört, und ein Name des Bedieners manuell in den Datenspeicher eingegeben werden.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    der Kältemittelkreislauf (20) eine Temperatur von Innenluft einstellt.
  6. Kältemitteleinrichtung, das einen Kältemittelkreislauf (20), der mit einem Kompressor (30) verbunden ist, durch den ein Kältemittel zirkuliert und der somit einen Kühlzyklus durchführt, einen Niederdrucksensor (63), der gestaltet ist, den Druck von Niederdruckgas im Kältemittelkreislauf (20) zu detektieren, oder einen Hochdrucksensor (60), der gestaltet ist, den Druck von Hochdruckgas im Kältemittelkreislauf (20) zu detektieren, und einen Außentemperatursensor (69), der gestaltet ist, eine Außentemperatur zu messen, beinhaltet, wobei die Einrichtung weiter umfasst:
    einen Eigenschaftsbestimmer (101), der gestaltet ist, Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften eines Kältemittels, das in den Kältemittelkreislauf (20) geladen ist, aus einem Druck, der von dem Niederdrucksensor (63) oder dem Hochdrucksensor (60) detektiert wird, und einer Temperatur des Kältemittels, nachdem ein Innendruck einer Kältemittelleitung des Kältemittelkreislaufs (20) null oder weniger erreicht hat, abzuleiten, wobei die Temperatur von dem Außentemperatursensor (69) detektiert wird, und zu bestimmen, ob die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften mit den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften eines zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch sind;
    einen Alarm (102), der gestaltet ist, einen Alarm auszugeben, der angibt, dass sich das in den Kältemittelkreislauf (20) geladene Kältemittel von dem normalen Kältemittel unterscheidet, wenn der Eigenschaftsbestimmer (101) bestimmt, dass sich die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften von den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des normalen Kältemittels unterscheiden;
    einen Datenspeicher (103), der gestaltet ist, eine Art des Kältemittels, das in den Kältemittelkreislauf (20) geladen ist, durch manuelle Eingabe zu empfangen, wenn der Eigenschaftsbestimmer (101) bestimmt, dass die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des geladenen Kältemittels mit den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des normalen Kältemittels identisch sind;
    einen Betätigungsverhinderungsabschnitt (105), der gestaltet ist, zwangsweise Betätigung des Kompressors (30) zu verhindern, wenn die Art, die in den Datenspeicher (103) eingegeben wird, mit einer Art eines vorbestimmten Kältemittels identisch ist, die sich von dem zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittel unterscheidet, und
    der Eigenschaftsbestimmer (101) gestaltet ist, bei Ableitung der Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des Kältemittels eine Temperatur, die von einem Außentemperatursensor (69) detektiert wird, der eine Außentemperatur misst, als die Temperatur des Kältemittels zu verwenden.
  7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, weiter umfassend:
    einen Betätigungsautorisierungsabschnitt (104), der gestaltet ist, ein Signal, das Betätigung des Kompressors (30) erlaubt, im Datenspeicher (103) aufzuzeichnen, wenn die Art, die in den Datenspeicher (103) eingegeben wird, mit einer Art des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch ist.
  8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei
    wenn der Eigenschaftsbestimmer (101) bestimmt, dass die Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des geladenen Kältemittels mit den Sättigungstemperatureigenschaften des normalen Kältemittels identisch sind, ein Bediener prüft, ob eine Art des geladenen Kältemittels mit einer Art des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch ist oder nicht, und
    die Kältemitteleinrichtung weiter einen Betriebsstartsteuerabschnitt beinhaltet, der gestaltet ist, den Kompressor (30) zu betätigen, wenn die Art des geladenen Kältemittels mit der Art des zuvor bestimmten normalen Kältemittels identisch ist.
  9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei
    der Datenspeicher (103) gestaltet ist, nicht nur die Art des geladenen Kältemittels, sondern auch eine Zylindernummer für das geladene Kältemittel, einen Name einer Firma, zu der ein Bediener, der das Kältemittel geladen hat, gehört, und einen Namen des Bedieners durch manuelle Eingabe in den Datenspeicher (103) zu empfangen.
  10. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei
    der Kältemittelkreislauf (20) eine Temperatur von Innenluft einstellt.
EP12862282.6A 2011-12-29 2012-12-25 Kühlvorrichtung und -verfahren zur erkennung der abfüllung eines falschen kühlmittels Active EP2801772B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2011290214A JP5445577B2 (ja) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 冷凍装置およびその異冷媒充填検出方法
PCT/JP2012/008227 WO2013099200A1 (ja) 2011-12-29 2012-12-25 冷凍装置およびその異冷媒充填検出方法

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EP2801772A4 EP2801772A4 (de) 2015-10-07
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US (1) US20140373559A1 (de)
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JP (1) JP5445577B2 (de)
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DK (1) DK2801772T3 (de)
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WO (1) WO2013099200A1 (de)

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CN103530989A (zh) * 2013-10-29 2014-01-22 江苏物联网研究发展中心 防止食物变质的报警装置
JP2019011899A (ja) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-24 株式会社富士通ゼネラル 空気調和装置
CN110887168B (zh) * 2018-09-10 2021-05-18 奥克斯空调股份有限公司 一种空调器冷媒不足的检测方法及其空调器

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US5285647A (en) * 1993-03-08 1994-02-15 Spx Corporation Refrigerant handling system with air purge and multiple refrigerant capabilities
US5285647B1 (en) * 1993-03-08 1999-02-23 Spx Corp Refrigerant handling system with air purge and multiple refrigerant capabilities

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Publication number Publication date
CN103998876B (zh) 2016-07-06
EP2801772A1 (de) 2014-11-12
EP2801772A4 (de) 2015-10-07
SG11201403680QA (en) 2014-10-30
JP2013139948A (ja) 2013-07-18
WO2013099200A1 (ja) 2013-07-04
JP5445577B2 (ja) 2014-03-19
CN103998876A (zh) 2014-08-20
US20140373559A1 (en) 2014-12-25
DK2801772T3 (da) 2021-05-17

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