EP2796787A1 - Procédé de surveillance d'incinérateurs - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance d'incinérateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2796787A1
EP2796787A1 EP14166038.1A EP14166038A EP2796787A1 EP 2796787 A1 EP2796787 A1 EP 2796787A1 EP 14166038 A EP14166038 A EP 14166038A EP 2796787 A1 EP2796787 A1 EP 2796787A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
characteristic data
incinerator
combustion
plant
monitoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14166038.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mohammadshayesh Aleysa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2796787A1 publication Critical patent/EP2796787A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/38—Remote control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/54—Recording
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05001—Measuring CO content in flue gas

Definitions

  • the application relates to a method for monitoring an incinerator and a correspondingly configured incinerator.
  • Incinerators can produce unwanted emissions. Therefore, the emissions should be monitored. Since the monitoring effort is comparatively high in small combustion plants, one is often content with a once-yearly monitoring. Sometimes it is also sufficient to check the small furnaces once during commissioning and to refrain from further tests. An undesirable increase in emissions, for example by technical deterioration of the small combustion plant, improper operation, selection of unsuitable fuels and the like is not recognized. Therefore, there is a demand for improved monitoring. Among other things, this has failed due to the fact that the cost of monitoring was comparatively high.
  • From the EP 2 246 624 A2 is a home heating system - for example, for pellets - known.
  • An ignition phase is followed by a start-up phase in time before steady-state operation is achieved.
  • the primary air flow during the Ignition phase constant and during the start-up phase dependent on the fuel flow and to regulate the secondary air flow during the ignition and starting phase depending on the residual oxygen content and the combustion temperature for different functions in both phases.
  • a method for controlling the air number of a partially premixing gas burner is known.
  • the gas burner has a fan and a gas control valve.
  • a first signal representative of the current air ratio is determined taking into account a detected fan speed.
  • a control signal for the gas control valve is derived.
  • a representative of the current burner power second signal is detected and compared with a predetermined value to derive information for the operating state of the gas burner from this comparison.
  • From the AT 413 440 B is a method for adjusting the fuel gas air ratio to the gas in a gas burner known.
  • the gas burner has a controller, means for adjusting the combustion air volume flow, means for adjusting the fuel gas volume flow and a sensor for detecting the carbon monoxide concentration in the exhaust path.
  • a measurement of the gas concentration in the exhaust path At a predetermined position of the means for adjusting the combustion air volume flow and the means for adjusting the fuel gas volume flow, a measurement of the gas concentration in the exhaust path. The measurement result is compared with a reference value or a further measurement result and, based on this, the regulation adjusts the ratio of fuel gas volume flow to the combustion air volume flow.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple monitoring method for an incinerator.
  • the solution to this problem is specified in particular in the independent claims. Further embodiments and details can be found in the dependent claims and the description and the drawings.
  • a method for monitoring an incineration plant in which by collecting and evaluating selected characteristic data one of the Incinerator outgoing emission load is determined.
  • the relationship between the selected characteristics and the emission load is calculated by using data obtained from reference measurements.
  • the selected characteristic data is the CO e content in the exhaust gas.
  • the CO e content is the sum of CO, CH 4 and other incompletely burned carbonaceous combustion products.
  • For recording relatively inexpensive sensors are available. It has been found that a sufficient determination of the emissions can already be made by the collection and evaluation of selected characteristics, if the CO e content in the exhaust gas counts by using these characteristics by mathematical determination and use of reference measurements, in which next to the selected Characteristics have also been measured a variety of other, the emission load of accurate reproducing data. Thus, it is possible with limited measurement effort sufficiently accurately to determine the emissions.
  • the selected characteristic data are the oxygen content in the exhaust gas and / or the temperature in the exhaust gas and / or the temperature in a combustion chamber of the incinerator.
  • the effort to capture these characteristics is low.
  • the oxygen content of the exhaust gas is usually detected to control the small combustion plant anyway.
  • temperatures in the exhaust gas and in the combustion chamber are detected.
  • An improvement results if, in addition, the CO e content in the exhaust gas is detected.
  • the invention thus allows a relatively inexpensive compared to the price of a small combustion plant, sufficiently accurate Determination of the emission load of a combustion plant. This removes a major obstacle to the continuous determination of the emission load of small combustion plants.
  • an incineration plant used for reference measurement is structurally identical or at least sufficiently similar to the incineration plant to be monitored.
  • the measurements of negligible individual cases are in any case usable. If applicable, this also applies to sufficiently similar incineration plants. In case of doubt, however, identical incinerators are preferred for reference measurements.
  • the method is used to determine operating data, the operating data in particular an efficiency of the small combustion plant and / or the annual operating hours and / or fuels used and / or the quality of fuel used and / or the amount of used Fuel and / or the quality of service are. Also, as a rule, reference measurements are required.
  • the method according to the invention therefore allows very wide applications with manageable extensions.
  • the determination of further operating data is very expedient. For example, it can be stated that there is an undesirably high emission load of bad fuel, for example to damp wood. In this case, the user can be alerted and avoided by better fuel emissions.
  • the incinerator is best equipped with a unit which is designed to carry out the method described above. It should be noted that the evaluation of the collected data does not have to take place in the incinerator itself. The recorded data could also be read out and evaluated on a data processing system of a chimney sweep.
  • the incinerator is designed such that only one authorized person can detect and / or evaluate the selected characteristic data can influence. This is to prevent manipulation of the incinerator by users willing to accept excessive emissions. This is to think about certain encryption technologies, a seal of the unit for performing the method forming chip and the like. It is understood that such measures can only significantly reduce the probability that unauthorized persons can influence the detection and / or evaluation of the characteristic data. A complete security to exclude this is not given.
  • the recorded and / or evaluated characteristic data can be read out, in particular for purposes of monitoring the small-scale firing system.
  • the chimney sweep it is possible for the chimney sweep to regularly read the recorded characteristic data and to evaluate the recorded characteristic data on its mobile or stationary data processing system.
  • the detected and / or evaluated characteristic data can be transmitted to a monitoring unit with telecommunication means, in which case a transmission can take place, in particular when limit values are exceeded.
  • a transmission can take place, in particular when limit values are exceeded.
  • it does not make sense to send data to a monitoring center whenever a limit value is exceeded. It makes sense to proceed according to rules, that is only when exceeding a limit by a certain value for a certain time. It is both possible to transmit recorded characteristic data as well as the result of the evaluation of the selected characteristic data.
  • sophisticated algorithms can be used to decide whether there is a limit value to be exceeded.
  • the telecommunications equipment can be used not only for the transmission of limit value exceedances.
  • the detected and / or evaluated characteristic data can be used to control or regulate the incinerator.
  • the control of the incinerator can be improved.
  • the control or regulation of the incinerator can be better optimized to avoid emissions pollution.
  • the unit which is designed to carry out the above-described method is part of a control device of the small combustion plant. It is possible that the hardware is identical or at least has shared components. As a rule, the measured values, at least the oxygen content in the exhaust gas and temperatures in the firebox and exhaust gas, are to be recorded anyway both for the regulation of the incinerator and for the determination of the emission load. The detection of the CO e content in the exhaust gas, which is useful for determining the emission load, can be helpful for the control of the combustion system.
  • a common software for the control of the incinerator and for the determination of the emission load may be advantageous. If, for example, it is determined from the determination of the emission load that the CO value in the exhaust gas is too high, this must be counteracted by the control. In this case, it makes sense to know the reason for a meaningful regulation. An increased CO value can be the result of a too low oxygen supply. But it can also be the result of too low a combustion temperature. If, in the latter case, the oxygen supply were to be increased, the temperature would continue to drop during combustion and the CO value would continue to increase.
  • This illustrative analysis makes it clear that the determination of the emission load and the control of the incinerator are based on common Hardware and / or software as they are interdependent actions and considerations.
  • the focus is the control and control unit 1 of the incinerator.
  • the rule and control unit 1 also serves as a monitoring unit.
  • An oxygen sensor 2 detects the oxygen content of the exhaust gas flowing out of the combustion system.
  • a temperature sensor 3 detects the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • Another temperature sensor 4 detects the temperature in the combustion area. If required, further temperature sensors may be provided to detect temperatures at various locations in the combustion area.
  • a CO e sensor 5 is present, which detects the CO e content of the exhaust gas.
  • the data coming from the sensors are transferred to the control and control unit 1. There, the data is compared in an integrated computer unit 6 with data derived from reference measurements with an identical incinerator. From this comparison and additional supplementary calculations, the emission load is determined.
  • the cause is also determined and transmitted to the control and regulation unit 1. There, a fan 7 of the incinerator is controlled accordingly.
  • the determined emission load is in regular intervals with Telecommunications 8 transmitted to a central office. Furthermore, a transmission occurs when a relevant limit value is exceeded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP14166038.1A 2013-04-26 2014-04-25 Procédé de surveillance d'incinérateurs Withdrawn EP2796787A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013207720.3A DE102013207720B4 (de) 2013-04-26 2013-04-26 Verfahren zur Überwachung von Verbrennungsanlagen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2796787A1 true EP2796787A1 (fr) 2014-10-29

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Family Applications (1)

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EP14166038.1A Withdrawn EP2796787A1 (fr) 2013-04-26 2014-04-25 Procédé de surveillance d'incinérateurs

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EP (1) EP2796787A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013207720B4 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115111601A (zh) * 2022-07-04 2022-09-27 浙江大学 多变负荷下内嵌算法融合的多目标锅炉燃烧优化控制方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE712463C (de) 1933-10-11 1941-10-20 Bernh Braeger Schutzraumbeluefter
DE69418199T2 (de) 1993-08-05 1999-12-30 Pavilion Tech Inc Virtuelle emissionsüberwachungseinrichtung für kraftfahrzeuge
EP1002997B1 (fr) 1998-11-20 2004-04-28 G. Kromschröder Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour commander le rapport d'air / carburant d'un brûleur à gaz prémélangé complet
AT413440B (de) 2003-10-08 2006-02-15 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur anpassung des brenngas-luft- verhältnisses an die gasart bei einem gasbrenner
US20100028819A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2010-02-04 Knittel Trevor S Combustion gas analysis
US7698074B1 (en) * 2006-11-16 2010-04-13 Michael Cybulski Emission monitoring methods and systems
EP2246624A2 (fr) 2009-04-29 2010-11-03 Heinz Prof. Dr. Kohler Installation de combustion ménagère dotée d'une combustion de matière solide continue et son procédé de fonctionnement
US20120031167A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2012-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for controlling or monitoring firing systems and for monitoring buildings having gas burners

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4315969A1 (de) 1993-05-10 1995-02-23 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Optimierung von Verbrennungsanlagen

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE712463C (de) 1933-10-11 1941-10-20 Bernh Braeger Schutzraumbeluefter
DE69418199T2 (de) 1993-08-05 1999-12-30 Pavilion Tech Inc Virtuelle emissionsüberwachungseinrichtung für kraftfahrzeuge
EP1002997B1 (fr) 1998-11-20 2004-04-28 G. Kromschröder Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour commander le rapport d'air / carburant d'un brûleur à gaz prémélangé complet
AT413440B (de) 2003-10-08 2006-02-15 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur anpassung des brenngas-luft- verhältnisses an die gasart bei einem gasbrenner
US7698074B1 (en) * 2006-11-16 2010-04-13 Michael Cybulski Emission monitoring methods and systems
US20100028819A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2010-02-04 Knittel Trevor S Combustion gas analysis
US20120031167A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2012-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for controlling or monitoring firing systems and for monitoring buildings having gas burners
EP2246624A2 (fr) 2009-04-29 2010-11-03 Heinz Prof. Dr. Kohler Installation de combustion ménagère dotée d'une combustion de matière solide continue et son procédé de fonctionnement

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115111601A (zh) * 2022-07-04 2022-09-27 浙江大学 多变负荷下内嵌算法融合的多目标锅炉燃烧优化控制方法
CN115111601B (zh) * 2022-07-04 2024-05-14 浙江大学 多变负荷下内嵌算法融合的多目标锅炉燃烧优化控制方法

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DE102013207720B4 (de) 2019-10-17
DE102013207720A1 (de) 2014-10-30

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