EP0897086B1 - Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0897086B1
EP0897086B1 EP98112509A EP98112509A EP0897086B1 EP 0897086 B1 EP0897086 B1 EP 0897086B1 EP 98112509 A EP98112509 A EP 98112509A EP 98112509 A EP98112509 A EP 98112509A EP 0897086 B1 EP0897086 B1 EP 0897086B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
temperature
average
combustion
part surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98112509A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0897086A3 (fr
EP0897086A2 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Josef Edmund Dipl.-Ing. Martin
Walter J. Dipl.-Ing. Martin
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Publication of EP0897086A2 publication Critical patent/EP0897086A2/fr
Publication of EP0897086A3 publication Critical patent/EP0897086A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55009—Controlling stoker grate speed or vibrations for waste movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the average radiation and that associated with this radiation Average temperature of a surface area of a Burning bed using infrared camera or thermography camera in incineration plants and control of the combustion process at least in the observed area this incinerator.
  • the object of the invention is a method of the above specified type so that the interference by Flame radiation, radiation of those present in the exhaust gases Gases and solid-state radiation of soot particles and the like. Largely be excluded.
  • This task is based on a process of the beginning explained type solved according to the invention in that the Measurement is limited to a waveband that the Corresponds to the minimum of the disturbing gases above the combustion bed, that the area to be recorded in an area grid is divided with several sub-areas that in one Period in which in the area to be recorded the burning bed as still and the radiation or temperature of the burning bed can be assumed to be almost constant multiple images taken in time be that by comparing the images of a period of time the sub-areas with each other with a radiation of static radiation media from the partial areas with a Radiation from moving radiation media can be distinguished and that to calculate the average radiation or the average temperature of the surface area only the radiation or temperature of the partial areas of the radiation of stationary radiation media are taken into account.
  • the invention thus makes two fundamental considerations Use, the one basic idea of which is through Spectral analysis the radiation intensity at least the most common gases occur, the minimum to determine this radiation intensity of the gases and the used measuring device in the form of infrared cameras or To tune thermographic cameras to this waveband, in order to eliminate most of the disruptive gas radiation.
  • the second basic idea is that the between Combustion bed and measuring device existing radiation, e.g. of solid particles, in particular of soot or individual gas components, thereby eliminating that you have several pictures of one divided into an area grid Area in short time intervals and thereby those partial areas of the area grid for the averaging is eliminated, the strong fluctuations are subject.
  • Such parameters can be: the total amount of air supplied to the combustion process, the Amount of primary air, the air volume distribution in the primary air, the oxygen concentration of the primary air, the temperature the primary combustion air, the fuel feed quantity overall or on certain sections of the grate related, the stoking speed of the entire grate, the local stoking speed of the grate etc.
  • the controlled variable is an average of the average radiation or the average temperature from several consecutive periods is formed.
  • there a time period can be 0.1 to 5 seconds.
  • the mean of the averages is 5 successive periods of time.
  • the area to be observed should be at least 1m 2 and be subdivided into an area grid with at least 10 partial areas.
  • the area grid corresponds to the primary air zones of the grate area that is active for combustion.
  • the method according to the invention is also particularly suitable advantageous for checking the proper Operation of a grate. For this, at strongly from Average value of a period of time deviating radiation values or temperature values of individual partial areas Radiation or temperature values of the corresponding sub-areas observed over several periods and the corresponding Images of the partial areas with regard to deviations with one another compared. So if a certain sub area over always an average of several times has a significantly different value, for example has a much too high temperature, this can be due to a mechanical defect and a related one indicate poorly distributed air supply. If in contrast an area the temperature is constantly too low, so this is due to constipation and therefore much too low Indicate primary air supply.
  • the infrared camera or thermographic camera used is equipped with filters so that it works in a wave range of 3.5 to 4 ⁇ m. In this area, the emission strength of the gases that normally occur in a furnace is a minimum. These are the gases CO 2 , CO and water vapor.
  • the soot which cannot always be avoided, has a lower value in this wavelength range than in the lower wavelength range, but it is a considerable source of interference, which is eliminated with the aid of the procedural measures explained at the beginning.
  • the evaluation device downstream of the camera with a fuzzy control system is set up in such a way that the images or the measurement signals obtained are fuzzified, subjected to an inference process and then defuzzified.
  • the result is a relative quality of the image information that comes very close to the actual condition of the surface of the burner bed.
  • a threshold is set in the software, below which an infrared image is defined as no longer usable. The radiation information or temperature information obtained is passed on above this threshold without further evaluation of the image quality. If the image quality is poor, for example for more than two minutes, the image control loops override the camera control loops and then reactivate them. This is to prevent that, due to bad images, regulation takes place which does not correspond to the actual conditions. This can be the case, for example, when excessive soot development, which practically forms a gapless layer between the separating bed and the infrared camera, "looking through” this layer does not allow usable image evaluation because of the lack of "windows". Such conditions are only of short duration and, moreover, such conditions can be avoided by arranging a plurality of infrared cameras which are directed at the combustion bed from different angles.
  • the furnace shown in Figure 1 includes one Firing grate 1, a loading device 2, a combustion chamber 3 with subsequent throttle cable 4 and a reversing space 5, in which the exhaust gases into a downward gas train 6 are routed, from which they into the usual, a firing system downstream units, especially steam generators and emission control systems.
  • the furnace grate 1 comprises individual grate levels 7, which in turn formed from individual grate bars lying side by side are. Every second grate level of the designed as a push-back grate Firing grate is marked with a total of 8 Drive connected, which allows the stoking speed adjust. Below the grate 1 are subdivided both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction Underwind chambers 9.1 to 9.5 are provided, which are separated supplied with primary air via individual lines 10.1 to 10.5 become. At the end of the grate, the burned out falls Slag via a slag roller 25 into a slag chute 11, in which possibly also the heavier ones, in the lower one Reversing space 12 from the exhaust gas separated solids reach.
  • the firebox 3 there are several rows of secondary air nozzles 13, 14 and 15 aligned for controlled combustion of flammable gases and those in the air Fuel parts by supplying so-called secondary air to care. These secondary air nozzle rows can be controlled separately, since different conditions are spread over the firebox to rule.
  • the feed device 2 comprises a feed hopper 16, a feed chute 17, a feed table 18 and one or several side by side, possibly independent of each other controllable feed piston 19, which in the feed chute 17th falling garbage over the loading edge 20 of the feed table 18 in the firebox on the grate 1.
  • an infrared camera 22 In the ceiling 21, which closes the upper reversal space 5 an infrared camera 22 is mounted, which has a device 23 is connected, which is used to evaluate the received Images, formation of a controlled variable and output of control commands for the various furnishing systems serves to influence the combustion process. At 23 is thus referred to an evaluation and control device.
  • the infrared camera 22 is used to determine the on the combustion bed 1 located combustion bed 24 outgoing Radiation or to determine the combustion bed temperature, the is assigned to the combustion bed radiation. This will cause disruptions by the flame 24a or those contained in the exhaust gases gaseous and solid components largely excluded, as explained in more detail below.
  • the heaped up bed and the burning bed 24 fuel is pre-dried through the downwind zone 9.1 and the radiation in the combustion chamber warmed and ignited.
  • the area of the underwind zones 9.2 and 9.3 is the main fire zone, while in the underwind zone 9.4 and 9.5 the slag that forms burns out and then got into the slag chute.
  • the one from the burning bed rising gases still contain combustible parts that by supplying secondary air through the rows of secondary air nozzles 13 to 15 are completely burned.
  • the regulation the feed quantity of the fuel, the primary air quantities in the individual underwind zones and their composition regarding the oxygen content will be dependent the burning behavior, which depends on the calorific value of the fuel depends, and subject to large fluctuations in waste is regulated, whereby to record the necessary controlled variable the radiation emanating from the burning bed and the associated temperature is used, which with Help of the infrared camera 22 detected and by the evaluation and control device 23 evaluated and sent to the corresponding Actuators is passed on.
  • actuators are shown in schematic form in Figure 1 indicated, with 29 the actuator for Influencing the rust speed, with 30 the adjusting device for influencing the speed of the slag roller, at 31 the control device for influencing the grate speeds regarding different courses, with 32 the Actuator for the switch-on and switch-off frequency or the Speed of the feed piston, at 33 the actuator for setting the primary air volume, with 34 the control device for adjusting the composition of the Primary air with regard to the oxygen content and with 35 die Actuator for setting the temperature of an air preheater are designated for the primary air.
  • the infrared camera 22 and its orientation on the burning bed is shown.
  • FIG. 2 it is examined how the radiation behavior of the gases and solid particles encountered in the combustion chamber 3 is developed. According to FIG. 2, it is found that there is a minimum of infrared radiation for the gases CO 2 , CO and H 2 O occurring in high concentrations in the wave range between 3.5 and 4 ⁇ m due to the drying and combustion reaction of the fuel. Accordingly, the infrared camera is equipped with a wavelength-selective filter that works in the minimum of these interfering gases, ie in the range from 3.5 to 4 ⁇ m. It can also be seen from FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows an area monitored by an infrared camera, which is subdivided into 25 partial areas according to an area grid.
  • the dark partial areas represent those areas which have a significantly higher radiation intensity and thus a higher temperature than the light partial areas. The reason for this is that the surface of the combustion bed is relatively cool compared to the gas atmosphere above. If one now considers FIG. 4, it is found that other partial areas have this high radiation intensity or temperature.
  • FIG. 4 shows a recording which was taken a few tenths of a second later and thus captures those changes which can occur within this short period of time. If it is found that there is a different radiation or temperature distribution in FIG. 4 than in FIG. 3, these deviations can only result from those radiating media which can change both their temperature and their position within a short time.
  • a controlled variable which is output by the evaluation and control device 23 to the various actuating devices
  • seven pictures are taken within 3.5 seconds and an average value is formed from this in accordance with the comparison shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • Five such averages are then combined into a controlled variable.
  • the time intervals within which the individual recordings are made can be adapted to the respective conditions, so that it is also possible to work with much shorter time intervals.
  • the partial area that is observed by an infrared camera corresponds in practice to the area that occupies at least two underwind zones up to 15 underwind zones.
  • the area of a sub-wind zone area is about 2-4 m 2 , this area then being divided according to the actually existing primary air zones observed by the camera and then each of these image segments corresponding to a primary air zone for evaluation in accordance with the explanations in connection with the figures 3 to 5 is divided into approx. 25 subareas. This subdivision and the specified time intervals for two consecutive recordings have proven to be sufficient in connection with a firing system with sliding grate to determine the combustion bed temperature.
  • Control variables serve to influence the individual control devices, as shown in a schematic overview is shown in Figure 6. According to this, the control device 23 the adjusting devices for the grate speed 29 influenced up to the temperature in the air preheater 35 that has already been specified above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen et par ce rayonnement de la température moyenne d'un secteur de surface d'un lit de combustion au moyen d'une caméra infra-rouge, telle qu'une caméra thermo-graphique, dans une installation d'incinération et de régulation du processus d'incinération au moins dans le secteur de surface observé de l'installation d'incinération, caractérisé en ce que la mesure est limitée à une bande de fréquence qui correspond au minimum de perturbation par les gaz au dessus du lit de combustion, que le secteur de la surface de saisie est subdivisée en plusieurs zones selon une grille, que, dans un intervalle de temps pendant lequel le lit de combustion peut être considéré comme immobile et que le rayonnement, et par conséquent la température du lit fluidisé, peut être considéré comme constant, plusieurs images successives peuvent être prises, que les subdivisions avec un rayonnement émis par un élément fixe peuvent être différenciées des subdivisions avec un rayonnement émis par un élément en mouvement par la comparaison d'images successives, et que seul le rayonnement et par conséquent la température des zones dont le rayonnement est émis par un élément fixe est pris en considération pour la détermination du rayonnement moyen et donc de la température moyenne du secteur de surface.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la variable régulée pour la régulation d'une ou de la totalité des commandes ajustables en dépendance directe ou indirecte de la température d'incinération est établie au moyen de la logique floue à partir des valeurs saisies.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une valeur moyenne du rayonnement moyen donc de la température moyenne est établie pour l'optimisation de la variable régulée à partir de plusieurs intervalles de temps successifs.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un intervalle de temps est compris entre 0,1 et 5 secondes.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la valeur moyenne des valeurs moyennes est établie pour l'optimisation de la variable régulée à partir de cinq intervalles de temps successifs.
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un secteur de surface observé soit d'au minimum 1 m2 et qu'une grille comporte au moins dix subdivisions.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que au niveau du foyer, la grille de subdivision correspond aux zones d'air primaire de la zone de la grille active pour la combustion.
  8. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que lors d'une variation anormale de la valeur moyenne du rayonnement, donc de la température dans un intervalle de temps et sur une seule subdivision, le rayonnement de cette même subdivision est observé sur plusieurs intervalles et les images correspondantes des subdivisions sont comparées ensemble par rapport à l'anomalie.
  9. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la mesure du rayonnement est effectuée dans le spectre de 3,5 à 4 µm.
EP98112509A 1997-08-13 1998-07-06 Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0897086B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19735139A DE19735139C1 (de) 1997-08-13 1997-08-13 Verfahren zum Ermitteln der durchschnittlichen Strahlung eines Brennbettes in Verbrennungsanlagen und Regelung des Verbrennungsvorganges
DE19735139 1997-08-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0897086A2 EP0897086A2 (fr) 1999-02-17
EP0897086A3 EP0897086A3 (fr) 2001-03-14
EP0897086B1 true EP0897086B1 (fr) 2002-06-05

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EP98112509A Expired - Lifetime EP0897086B1 (fr) 1997-08-13 1998-07-06 Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US5890444A (fr)
EP (1) EP0897086B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3111177B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE218688T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9803742B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2244704C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ291661B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE19735139C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0897086T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2176860T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO313215B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL327965A1 (fr)
PT (1) PT897086E (fr)
RU (1) RU2144645C1 (fr)
SG (1) SG63854A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW357247B (fr)

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CN102132099B (zh) * 2008-04-22 2013-11-13 巴斯夫欧洲公司 控制辅助燃料添加的方法
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JP5574475B2 (ja) * 2009-09-16 2014-08-20 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物溶融処理方法および廃棄物溶融処理装置
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TWI421721B (zh) * 2010-12-09 2014-01-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 燃燒火焰診斷方法
JP5804255B2 (ja) * 2011-07-13 2015-11-04 東京電力株式会社 透過部材
CN105042599A (zh) * 2015-06-18 2015-11-11 惠州东江威立雅环境服务有限公司 焚烧炉回转窑安全监控及应急处理方法
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DE102020000980A1 (de) 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Feuerungsanlage

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Publication number Publication date
NO983679D0 (no) 1998-08-11
ES2176860T3 (es) 2002-12-01
CZ251498A3 (cs) 1999-03-17
EP0897086A3 (fr) 2001-03-14
BR9803742A (pt) 1999-11-09
CZ291661B6 (cs) 2003-04-16
SG63854A1 (en) 1999-03-30
NO983679L (no) 1999-02-15
BR9803742B1 (pt) 2012-01-10
PT897086E (pt) 2002-11-29
ATE218688T1 (de) 2002-06-15
RU2144645C1 (ru) 2000-01-20
TW357247B (en) 1999-05-01
DE59804291D1 (de) 2002-07-11
CA2244704C (fr) 1999-11-30
JP3111177B2 (ja) 2000-11-20
JPH11118146A (ja) 1999-04-30
NO313215B1 (no) 2002-08-26
DE19735139C1 (de) 1999-02-25
EP0897086A2 (fr) 1999-02-17
US5890444A (en) 1999-04-06
PL327965A1 (en) 1999-02-15
DK0897086T3 (da) 2002-09-30

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