EP2770255B1 - Procédé de combustion de combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion de combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2770255B1
EP2770255B1 EP13450046.1A EP13450046A EP2770255B1 EP 2770255 B1 EP2770255 B1 EP 2770255B1 EP 13450046 A EP13450046 A EP 13450046A EP 2770255 B1 EP2770255 B1 EP 2770255B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
water content
air
proportion
primary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP13450046.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2770255A2 (fr
EP2770255A3 (fr
Inventor
Anton Maggale
Egon Ruß
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Individual
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Priority to PL13450046T priority Critical patent/PL2770255T3/pl
Publication of EP2770255A2 publication Critical patent/EP2770255A2/fr
Publication of EP2770255A3 publication Critical patent/EP2770255A3/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/08—Preheating the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/12—Recycling exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/16—Controlling secondary air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method having the features of the introductory part of claim 1.
  • the water content (moisture) of the fuel plays a decisive role in the achievable performance.
  • US 2008/0163803 A1 deals with the burning of waste (municipal solid waste, "MSW"). It is mentioned (paragraph [0003]) that the water content of MSW should be kept as constant as possible by adding either water or liquid waste. According to US 2008/0163803 A1 [0005] and controlling the burning of MSW according to the detected water content (paragraphs [0006] and [0007]) by controlling the supply of MSW to the furnace. Paragraph [0025] states that data relating to the humidity of MSW are given to the controller, which then serve to adjust the supply from the waste supply system and the air supply from the line. Abs.
  • US 2008/0163803 A1 teaches that the detected humidity of the MSW is used to regulate the supply of liquid (water or liquid waste) so that the calorific value of MSW is kept constant. This is also stated in Abs. [0036] "to maintain relatively constant MSW heating value". Thus revealed US 2008/0163803 A1 in that the humidity of fuel (MSW) is to be detected. US 2008/0163803 A1 also indicates that the supply of MSW can be "adjusted" depending on the detected humidity of the MSW.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method by which the predetermined (desired) performance of the combustion can be maintained in a combustion plant even with changing water content of the fuel.
  • the method according to the invention not only allows to maintain the desired performance of combustion in an incinerator, but also to optimize the combustion temperature, the residual oxygen, the efficiency and the emissions (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons).
  • the amount of supplied fuel is regulated as a function of the detected water content (moisture of the fuel).
  • the power of the supply of fuel (amount of fuel supplied to the combustion per unit time) is increased when fuel of higher humidity is supplied.
  • the amount of fuel supplied per unit time is reduced when the water content of the fuel detected in the method according to the invention is low.
  • the method according to the invention is capable, for example of burning biomass, of a furnace, in particular of a biomass (lignin or other biomass) Charged firing, without operator intervention for fuels with different water content, for example, from 10 to 60%, and a power range of 5 to 100%, in particular fully automatic, to regulate.
  • a biomass lignin or other biomass
  • the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air in the combustion air is regulated as a function of the detected water content of the fuel.
  • the proportion of primary air in the combustion air is increased at a higher water content in relation to the energy content and the proportion of secondary air is reduced, and at low water content, the proportion of primary air is reduced and increases the proportion of secondary air.
  • the ratio between primary air and secondary air on the one hand and recirculation gas on the other hand is selected as a function of the water content of the fuel.
  • the temperature of primary air and secondary air as a function of the water content of the fuel. It is preferred to set the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air in the region of the outlet of primary air / secondary air from the air preheater.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out in largely any plants for burning fuel. It is preferred in the context of the invention, when the burning of the fuel with fixed grate, moving grate, with stationary fluidized bed, with circulating fluidized bed or with Einblas85ung is performed.
  • the detection of the water content in the fuel takes place while it is stored (in a silo or other storage container) and / or while it is being fed to the furnace, for example through a fuel delivery channel.
  • the parameters for the combustion of fuel such as the fuel supply and / or the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air in the combustion air and / or the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air and the temperature, with the primary air and / or Secondary air is passed into the combustion chamber, to be changed if when (continuously) detecting the water content of the fuel to be burned, a change in the water content is detected.
  • the fuel supply can be increased if it is determined when detecting the water content that increases the water content of the supplied fuel. Analogously, the fuel supply can be reduced if the water content of the supplied fuel is smaller.
  • the proportion of primary air can be increased and the secondary air in the combustion air can be reduced if, when (continuously) detecting the water content of the supplied fuel, it is determined that the water content is increasing. Analogously, the proportion of primary air can be reduced and the secondary air can be increased if the water content of the supplied fuel is smaller.
  • the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is reduced when (continuous) detecting the water content in the fuel an increase in the water content in the fuel is detected. Also, according to the invention, the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is increased when, during the (continuous) detection of the water content in the fuel, a decrease in the water content in the fuel is detected.
  • the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air can be increased if, during the (continuous) detection of the water content in the fuel, it is ascertained that the water content in the fuel increases.
  • the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air can be lowered if, when (continuously) detecting the water content in the fuel, it is determined that the water content in the fuel is decreasing.
  • the process parameters fuel supply and / or primary air, secondary air fraction in the combustion air and / or proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air and / or the temperature of primary air and secondary air
  • the process parameters or only one of the aforementioned process parameters are adjusted by changing if the water content in the supplied fuel from 10 to 60% deviates upwards or downwards.
  • An in Fig. 1 schematically shown plant for burning fuel, in particular of biomass (lignin or other biomass) includes in addition to the actual furnace 1 a fuel conveyor 2, is supplied by the fuel of the furnace 1. Flue gas flows out of the furnace 1 via a flue gas duct 3.
  • the firing system 1 is supplied with primary air 5 via a combustion air blower 4. It can also be provided that - preferably the top of the supply of primary air 5 - secondary air 6 is supplied.
  • the primary air 5 and / or the secondary air 6 can be passed through heat exchangers to adjust their temperature to the desired value.
  • a portion of the flue gas is mixed by a flue gas recirculation 7 with control valve 8 or fan of the combustion air, for example, the primary air 5 and the secondary air, or mixed into the furnace via its own recirculation fan.
  • control valve 8 or fan of the combustion air for example, the primary air 5 and the secondary air
  • the oxygen content in the recirculated flue gas (recirculation gas) is detected. This detection can take place with the aid of an oxygen probe 9, in particular a lambda probe.
  • the water content of the supplied fuel moisture of the fuel
  • the measurement by means of a sensor 10 in particular continuously takes place.
  • the method according to the invention it is possible to produce the desired recirculation ratio (combustion air mixture consisting of primary air / secondary air on the one hand and flue gas as recirculation gas on the other hand).
  • the optimum oxygen content required for the advantageous combustion is detected with the aid of a lambda probe (oxygen probe 9) and the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is measured by adjusting a control flap 8 or operating a ventilator with the desired power as a function of the detected water content of the fuel and continuously corrected.
  • the water content of the fuel (fuel moisture) is permanently recorded (probe 10).
  • the amount of fuel is metered for the desired performance. In this case, more fuel is metered into the furnace 1 for a given output of the furnace 1 in the case of wet fuel and less fuel per unit of time in the case of a dryer fuel.
  • the ratio between water content and calorific value is for hardwood and softwood in the diagram of Fig. 3 played. It can be assumed that wood has a lower heating value at 15% by weight of water content of about 2.3 kWh / kg and at 20% water content from about 3.84 to 4.02 kWh / kg.
  • the amount of primary air 5 is changed as a function of the water content, the procedure being such that with wet fuel a higher proportion of primary air 5 and with dry fuel a smaller proportion of primary air 5 is selected.
  • the ratio between water content and calorific value, the diagram of the Fig. 3 to take into account.
  • the ratio between primary air 5 (and secondary air) on the one hand and recirculation gas on the other hand is determined in the combustion air.
  • the fuel is wet, little or no recirculation gas is added to the combustion air. If dry fuel is burned, a higher proportion of recirculation gas is possible.
  • the proportion of recirculation gas required in each case depends on its residual oxygen content, that of the lambda probe 9, that in the area of the primary air 5 or the secondary air 6 is integrated, is measured from. In this case, a residual oxygen content in the range of, for example, 5 to 21% is advantageous and can be maintained.
  • the recirculation ratio can be controlled with the control flap 8, which regulates the admixture of recirculation gas to the primary air flow 5 (secondary air 6).
  • Another advantageous measure in the method according to the invention is the setting of a maximum desired temperature of primary air 5 and / or secondary air 6 as a function of the water content of the fuel (fuel moisture).
  • the air temperature in the region of the exit of the primary air and / or secondary air from an air preheater (heat exchanger) is selected and corrected via the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors 11 and 12.
  • a furnace 1 is supplied via a fan 4 with associated lambda probe 9 primary air 5.
  • Fuel is the furnace 1 via a fuel conveyor 2 (symbolized by an arrow), wherein the fuel conveyor 2, a humidity sensor 10 is associated.
  • Secondary air 6 is supplied to the furnace 1 at several locations above the locations where primary air 5 is supplied.
  • Flue gas flows through a filter 17 and a flue gas fan 18 and is mixed as needed via the line 7 of the secondary air 6 (regulated by the flaps 8).
  • Flue gas (recirculation gas) can be removed either before or after the flue gas fan 18 via line 7.
  • an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows:
  • fuel in the form of biomass such as wood
  • a water content moisture
  • a combustion plant with rust, fluidized bed or with Einblas85ung supplying combustion air, containing primary air, secondary air and recirculation gas (flue gas)
  • the water content of the fuel is detected continuously.
  • the amount of fuel supplied in the unit time is increased at a constant power of the combustion, if the fuel has an increased water content or the water content increases.
  • the amount of recirculation gas in the combustion air is reduced.
  • the temperature of the primary air 5 at higher water content of the fuel, or when the water content increases is also increased to a high water content sufficient primary air for drying the fuel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de combustion de combustible dans un air de combustion contenant de l'air primaire (5), de l'air secondaire (6) et un gaz de recirculation, dans lequel procédé la teneur en eau (humidité) du combustible est détectée, dans lequel la détection de la teneur en eau du combustible est effectuée pendant que celui-ci est stocké et/ou pendant que le combustible est amené à un foyer (1), dans lequel, en tenant compte de la teneur énergétique du combustible, pour une puissance choisie, l'amenée de combustible est augmentée lorsque la teneur en eau est plus élevée et diminuée lorsque la teneur en eau est plus faible, dans lequel le rapport dans l'air de combustion entre l'air primaire (5) et l'air secondaire (6) d'une part et le gaz de recirculation d'autre part est choisi en fonction de la teneur en eau du combustible, dans lequel la proportion de gaz de recirculation dans l'air de combustion est diminuée lorsque la teneur en eau du combustible est plus élevée ou croissante et augmentée lorsque la teneur en eau du combustible est plus faible ou décroissante, dans lequel la proportion d'air primaire (5) et/ou d'air secondaire (6) dans l'air de combustion est choisie en fonction de la teneur en eau du combustible détectée, la proportion d'air primaire (5) étant augmentée et la proportion d'air secondaire (6) diminuée lorsque la teneur en eau est plus élevée ou croissante et la proportion d'air primaire (5) étant diminuée et la proportion d'air secondaire (6) augmentée lorsque la teneur en eau est plus faible ou décroissante, et dans lequel la température de l'air primaire (5) et de l'air secondaire (6) est réglée en fonction de la teneur en eau du combustible.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en eau du combustible est détectée de manière continue.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à brûler du combustible solide, en particulier de la lignine et de la biomasse agricole, comme du bois, des graminées et de la paille.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une teneur résiduelle en oxygène de 5 à 21 % est maintenue dans le gaz de recirculation.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la température de l'air primaire (5) et/ou de l'air secondaire (6) est réglée dans la zone de la sortie d'air primaire/air secondaire du réchauffeur d'air.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la température de l'air primaire (5) et/ou de l'air secondaire (6) est augmentée lorsque la teneur en eau du combustible est plus élevée ou croissante et diminuée lorsque la teneur en eau est plus faible ou décroissante.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la combustion du combustible est réalisée avec une grille fixe, une grille mobile, avec un lit fluidisé fixe, avec un lit fluidisé circulant ou avec un foyer à injection.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à brûler un combustible ayant une teneur en eau comprise entre 10 et 60 %.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en eau du combustible est détectée de manière continue ou discontinue pendant le stockage du combustible ou pendant l'amenée du combustible à la combustion, par exemple par un canal de transport de combustible.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de gaz de recirculation dans l'air de combustion est régulée par un volet de régulation (8) ou par une soufflerie (ventilateur).
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en oxygène du gaz de recirculation est détectée avec une sonde à oxygène, en particulier avec une sonde lambda (9).
EP13450046.1A 2013-02-25 2013-10-17 Procédé de combustion de combustible Active EP2770255B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13450046T PL2770255T3 (pl) 2013-02-25 2013-10-17 Sposób spalania paliwa

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1412013 2013-02-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2770255A2 EP2770255A2 (fr) 2014-08-27
EP2770255A3 EP2770255A3 (fr) 2018-01-03
EP2770255B1 true EP2770255B1 (fr) 2019-12-04

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Family Applications (1)

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EP13450046.1A Active EP2770255B1 (fr) 2013-02-25 2013-10-17 Procédé de combustion de combustible

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2770255B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT15458U1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2770255T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE048630T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL2770255T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT523384A4 (de) * 2020-02-20 2021-08-15 Maggale Ing Anton Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201800005896A1 (it) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-01 Camporese Enzo Dispositivo modulare autonomo con possibile integrazione in sistemi di combustione preesistenti, consistente in un microprocessore ASIC appositamente progettato, con funzionalità plug and play per le varie sonde di misura esistenti in commercio per ottimizzare la combustione di biomassa. Attraverso la analisi qualitativa e quantitativa della quantità di ossigeno e altri elementi derivanti dalla combustione, gestisce in modo autonomo interfacciando diverse tipologie di attuatori alimentati sia in tensione continua che alternata
CN109827169B (zh) * 2019-03-19 2023-09-26 中国能源建设集团华北电力试验研究院有限公司 一种锅炉低温烟气再循环燃烧系统及其应用方法
AU2020342700B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2022-07-28 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating system, as well as its components
ES2925384T3 (es) 2019-09-26 2022-10-17 Oekofen Forschungs Und Entw M B H Dispositivo de calefacción
DE102020124544A1 (de) 2020-09-21 2022-03-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Verfahren und Anlage zum thermischen Verwerten von festem Brennstoff in einem Reaktionsraum
EP4056895A1 (fr) * 2021-03-10 2022-09-14 SL-Technik GmbH Installation de chauffage à biomasse destinée à la combustion flexible des combustibles biogéniques et procédure de fonctionnement de l'installation

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EP1918637A1 (fr) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-07 Karl Stefan Riener Contrôle d'un four à biomasse
US20080163803A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Covanta Energy Corporation Method and systems to control municipal solid waste density and higher heating value for improved waste-to-energy boiler operation
DE102007055168A1 (de) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 Siemens Ag Österreich Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung
CN101446418B (zh) * 2008-12-01 2010-09-08 中国电力科学研究院 一种燃料水分对锅炉负荷影响进行修正控制的方法
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT523384A4 (de) * 2020-02-20 2021-08-15 Maggale Ing Anton Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff
AT523384B1 (de) * 2020-02-20 2021-08-15 Maggale Ing Anton Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2770255A2 (fr) 2014-08-27
EP2770255A3 (fr) 2018-01-03
PL2770255T3 (pl) 2020-05-18
AT15458U1 (de) 2017-09-15
HUE048630T2 (hu) 2020-08-28
DK2770255T3 (da) 2020-03-09

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