EP2765854A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur druck-kryokonservierung einer biologischen probe - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur druck-kryokonservierung einer biologischen probeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2765854A2 EP2765854A2 EP12772885.5A EP12772885A EP2765854A2 EP 2765854 A2 EP2765854 A2 EP 2765854A2 EP 12772885 A EP12772885 A EP 12772885A EP 2765854 A2 EP2765854 A2 EP 2765854A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- pressure vessel
- biological sample
- cryopreservation
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/14—Mechanical aspects of preservation; Apparatus or containers therefor
- A01N1/146—Non-refrigerated containers specially adapted for transporting or storing living parts whilst preserving
- A01N1/147—Carriers for immersion in cryogenic fluid for slow freezing or vitrification
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/16—Physical preservation processes
- A01N1/162—Temperature processes, e.g. following predefined temperature changes over time
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/16—Physical preservation processes
- A01N1/165—Pressure processes, e.g. following predefined pressure changes over time
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the cryopreservation of a biological sample, comprising biological cells and an aqueous preservation medium, with a pressure vessel. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for cryopreserving the biological sample and the use of a stabilizer substance, with which a glassy phase of water is stabilized, in the cryopreservation of biological samples. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for heating the cryopreserved biological sample.
- Cryopreservation of cells has so far been the only way to reversibly halt vital processes at the cellular level in such a way that they can restart after being heated to physiological temperatures.
- the cryopreservation finds no equivalent in nature.
- organisms such. As fish, found in polar regions embedded in ice, which maintain their vitality for a limited duration. However, these organisms are not completely frozen through, but contain in their cells glycerol and other freezing point-lowering substances, or they express proteins (so-called anti-freeze proteins), which influence the ice structure ⁇ .
- a permanent preservation is not possible in this was to ⁇ because even lead diffusion processes over weeks and months to the disintegration of the biological system at temperatures below 0 ° C. The permanent preservation would rather a cooling z. B. require to a temperature of flüssi ⁇ gem nitrogen, in which the liquid in the Cells would freeze. But then the organisms can not be reanimated.
- cryoprotectants antifreeze additives, cryoadditiva
- Cryoprotectants typically comprise klei ⁇ ne molecules, such. As dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which penetrate into the cells, or higher molecular weight substances, such as. As sugar, which remain in the medium outside the cells or at the surface.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- Cryoprotectants are frequently only in ho ⁇ hen, for the most part non-physiological concentrations (10% to 50%) is effective. They may be added (4 ° C), therefore, only at lower than physiological temperatures, Müs ⁇ sen quickly penetrate into the cells and are washed out after thawing once.
- cryopreservation may be due to a vitality rate (survival rate), e.g. B. by the quotient of the number of living cells after and before the cryopreservation, characterized. It is known that the vitality rate depends on the type of cell, the volume and various others in the
- cryopreservation depends in particular on the physical-biological boundary conditions, eg. As the properties of the water and those of the cryoprotectants from. So far, it is assumed that cryoprotectants must pass through diffusion in all cells and the heat in a short time (ms to min) must be dissipated to the outside, since only from there ge ⁇ can be cooled. It is further assumed that these conditions are due to the thermal conductivity of the dominant water in the cells and the low diffuse are ions educa of cryoprotectants (suspended cells in a nutrient solution and with the addition of cryoprotectants) through the Zellmembra ⁇ NEN only very small objects fulfilled.
- JLM Leunissen et al. [4] For cryomicroscopy, a process is described which can be expected to vitrification: a thin-walled copper tube with a diameter of ⁇ 1 mm is filled with a cell suspension, closed at the ends by squeezing gas-free and then in a cooling liquid such as propane , Nitrogen, etc., are found in cryogenic cryosections of the tubes excellently preserved cell structures indicating vitrification. However, heating the cryoprocesses shows that the cells did not survive the cooling process.
- the paper by JLM Leunissen et al. [4] described method is unsuitable for vitality-preserving heating of the sample. So far, it is therefore assumed that methods for cryomicroscopy do not allow revitalization by reheating. There is an urgent interest in reducing or overcoming the disadvantages of conventional cryopreservation in view of evolving regenerative medicine and biotechnology as well as environmental protection and conservation.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved cryopreservation device which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional techniques and in particular enables cryopreservation with an increased vitality rate and / or increased sample volume.
- the object of the invention is furthermore to provide an improved method for cryopreservation which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional techniques and which, in particular, makes it possible to adjust process conditions during cooling and / or thawing in such a way that an increased vitality rate is achieved.
- it is an object of the invention to provide an improved method for heating a cryopreserved biological sample which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional techniques and in particular allows to suppress a vitality-limiting influence of the biological samples in the transition to a thawed state.
- a cryopreservation apparatus provided for cryopreserving a biological sample.
- the cryopreservation device comprises a pressure vessel having a container wall and an interior adapted to receive the biological sample is set up.
- the pressure vessel is configured to be stored in a cooling bath of a cooling device up to a cryopreservation temperature, e.g. B. below
- the pressure vessel is configured such that the interior of the cooling tank can be pressurized to a pressure higher than the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure vessel is adapted for permanent cryopreservation of the biological sample and location ⁇ tion at the cryopreservation temperature and main- conservation of the increased pressure in the pressure vessel.
- the pressure container comprises an actuating device, which is aimed briefly- for a time and / or location-dependent SET ⁇ development of temperature and pressure in the pressure tank.
- the adjusting device is connected to the container wall of the pressure vessel and adapted to the adjustment of the cryopreservation temperature and pressure in the interior of the pressure vessel time and / or location-dependent to beeinflus ⁇ sen.
- the adjusting device is set up to selectively control the cooling and / or heating of the biological sample according to a predetermined temperature-time function.
- the setting means capable of influencing the tem ⁇ peraturver republic in the pressure vessel.
- the adjusting device is suitable for controlling the pressure in the pressure vessel in accordance with a predetermined pressure-time function.
- the temperature and pressure-time functions can be set re ⁇ tively to each other.
- the adjusting device allows targeted first to cool the biological sample and then to apply an increased pressure to carry out the cooling and the pressure increase simultaneously or first to increase the pressure and on ⁇ closing the cryopreservation set.
- the actuator is suitable to control the location of pressure generation in the pressure vessel.
- the adjusting device comprises at least one Druckeinstellelement, at least one cooling element and / or at least one heat conducting element.
- the print setting is configured to adjust the pressure-time function, a location of a Primae ⁇ ren entry pressure and / or the amount of pressure with which the interior of the pressure vessel is pressurized.
- the cooling element and / or the heat-conducting element optionally in conjunction with the action of the cooling device, are arranged to control the temperature-time function, the spatial temperature distribution and the cryopreservation temperature.
- the biological sample contains biological cells and an aqueous preservation medium.
- the biological cells comprise individual cells, such as. B. individual stem cells, progenitor cells, fibroblasts, germ cells, cell groups, in particular from the cell types mentioned, pieces of tissue or organs or parts thereof.
- the biological cells may even form complete organisms, especially microorganisms such as worms or insects.
- the preservation medium comprises an aqueous physiological medium (nutrient medium, culture medium) as known from the cultivation of biological cells.
- a second aspect of the invention provides a method for the cryopreservation of the biological sample is ceremoniesge ⁇ provides, in which the biological sample is placed in a pressure vessel and the pressure vessel in a cooling device is cooled from ⁇ , to the biological sample in the cryopreserved fourth state in a at least partially glassy phase is transferred.
- a time- and / or location-dependent adjustment of the temperature and the pressure in the pressure vessel is carried out using a control unit. tion with at least one Druckeinstellelement, at least one cooling element and / or at least one heat conducting element.
- the cryopreservation device according to the first aspect of the invention is preferably used to carry out the method according to the invention for the cryopreservation of biological samples.
- a method of heating a biological sample comprising biological cells and a preservation medium in a frozen state disposed in a glassy phase in a pressure vessel.
- the temperature of the pressure vessel and the biological sample is increased and maintained during the temperature increase in the pressure vessel, an elevated pressure above the ambient atmospheric pressure.
- the method of heating the biological sample is carried out using the cryopreservation device according to the first aspect of the invention.
- At least one stabilizer substance ie a single substance or a mixture of several substances
- at least one stabilizer substance in the cryopreservation of biological samples as a constituent of the preservation medium which is suitable for increasing the temperature of a biological sample biological cells and a preservation medium, preferably to obtain a glassy state of the supercooled melt without crystallization to the transition to the liquid state.
- the invention is based on the finding that the freezing of aqueous systems avoids the formation of the crystalline phase and instead the glassy phase (amorphous phase). can be produced by applying a pressure to the aqueous system.
- the transfer of the biological sample into the cryopreserved state, the cryopreservation and / or the heating of the cryopreserved samples take place in a region of the phase diagram of the aqueous system in which the glassy phase is preferably formed. Since the survival rate of the biological cells in the biological sample in the vitreous phase is considerably higher than in the crystalline phase, the invention enables an increased vitality rate of the cryopreservation.
- the adjusting device makes it possible to selectively vary pressure and temperature parameters during freezing and / or thawing in order to achieve a maximum vitality rate.
- a true cryopreservation with the possibility of re-thawing and revitalization of the cells in the biological sample is provided while the art by JLM Leunissen et al. [4] represents only a cryopreparation for microscopic examinations.
- the glassy state of the sample particularly the preservation medium
- this allows cryopreserved biological samples such.
- the preservative medium is preferably stabilized with at least one stabilizer substance which is capable of stabilizing the glassy phase of the supercooled melt as the temperature of the biological sample increases, preferably to the point of melting.
- the cryopreservation device according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to influence the path of the sample conditions through the phase diagram past the solid-liquid phase transition.
- the adjusting device comprises at least one Druckeinstellelement which is connected to the container wall and / or the interior of the pressure vessel.
- various variants of the Druckeinstellelements are possible, which can be selected individually or in combination depending on the preservation task and the spatial conditions of the cryopreservation.
- At least one pressure screw can be provided in the container wall of the pressure vessel.
- the container wall contains a threaded opening for liquid-tight recording of the pressure screw. By screwing the pressure screw into the threaded opening, the free volume of the interior can be reduced in the pressure vessel and increased according to the pressure in the pressure vessel.
- an expansion region can be provided, which communicates with the interior of the pressure vessel and is adapted to receive a liquid or gaseous expansion medium. If the expansion medium expands in the expansion area, the free volume in the interior is correspondingly reduced and the pressure in the pressure vessel is increased.
- the Druckeinstellelement may comprise a pressure clamp, which acts from the outside on the container wall.
- the container wall is formed of a flexible material in order to transmit the mechanical pressure exerted by the pressure clamp on the interior of the pressure vessel.
- the pressure clamp can be equipped with cooling openings in order to accelerate the cooling of the pressure vessel in the cooling bath of the cooling device.
- the pressure clamp may be designed for mechanical or electrical actuation.
- the expansion region comprises at least one hollow conduit for receiving the expansion medium, which communicates with the inner space of the pressure vessel and which protrudes from the pressure vessel.
- the hollow line contains z. As water, an aqueous solution or parts of the biological sample. Due to the protrusion of the hollow conduit from the pressure vessel, the expansion medium in the hollow conduit is spatially separated from the interior of the pressure vessel. This advantageously allows a cooling of the hollow conduit in the cooling bath of the cooling device, while the remaining pressure vessel is still at an elevated temperature, for. B. is at room temperature. In the hollow line crystalline ice can be generated, which towards the Interior expands, reduces the remaining volume and thus causes an increase in the pressure in the interior.
- the hollow conduit has branches.
- this makes it possible to increase the volume of the expansion area in comparison to a single, unbranched hollow conduit.
- the branched hollow line makes it possible to influence the time function of the pressure generation in the pressure vessel.
- a plurality of hollow conduits may be provided which protrude from the pressure vessel in different spatial directions.
- this makes it possible to influence the pressure generation as a function of the orientation of the pressure vessel relative to the cooling bath of the cooling device. If the inventively provided adjusting device a
- cooling element this is preferably formed by a cooling line, which is arranged in the pressure vessel.
- the cooling line runs through the interior of the container. It is adapted to with a coolant such. B. with liquid nitrogen to be flowed through.
- the cooling line allows adjustment of the beginning and the time function of the temperature reduction in the pressure vessel.
- Heat-conducting element comprises, it is preferably formed by an outer profile on an outer side of the pressure vessel, an inner profile on an inner side of the pressure vessel and / or heat-conducting body in the interior of the pressure vessel.
- These variants of heat conducting elements make it possible to accelerate the transport of heat from the pressure vessel into the cooling bath during the cooling of the pressure vessel.
- a further advantage of the cryopreservation device according to the invention is that the pressure vessel can be produced with a large number of geometric shapes.
- a tubular pressure vessel may be straight or curved. In both cases, the spatial distribution of the temperature and pressure setting in the pressure vessel can each be influenced by its shape.
- cryopreservation device may be provided in the interior of an inner container, which is adapted to receive the biological sample.
- the biological sample in the inner container is materially separated from the remaining volume of the inner space. This allows influencing the glassy phase in the immediate vicinity of the biological sample.
- a substrate can be arranged in the interior, which is set up for the adherent recording of biological cells which are part of the biological sample.
- the substrate may, for. B. be arranged in the inner container.
- a substrate substrate materials are suitable, which are used for adherent cell cultures, such. As plastic or glass.
- a segmentation of the interior can be provided in interior sections.
- the segmentation advantageously enables the targeted adjustment of different pressure-temperature conditions in each of the interior sections.
- a sensor device may be arranged in the interior, which comprises at least one temperature sensor and / or at least one pressure sensor.
- the sensor device enables teilhaft wash a measurement of temperature and / or Dru ck in the interior.
- the cryopreservation can be controlled.
- a substance reservoir can be arranged in the interior, which is directed to release a substance into the interior.
- the substance reservoir comprises z. B. hollow spheres that can be destroyed under the effect of increased pressure in the interior to release a substance.
- the mentioned variants of the interior design can be provided individually or in combination.
- the container wall may be equipped with an optical unit.
- the optical unit comprises an imaging optics, which is set up for an optical observation of the interior of the container Druckbe.
- the optical unit allows optical monitoring of the state of the biological sample during cryopreservation.
- the pressure and temperature setting in the pressure vessel to arrive in different ways in the pressure-temperature-state diagram of biological sample to the desired Kryokonservéess fortune.
- a first variant it is possible to first increase the pressure in the pressure vessel with the at least one pressure adjusting element and then lower the temperature in the pressure vessel with the cooling device.
- the pressure increase and the temperature reduction are in each case according to predetermined, separate time functions.
- the increase of the pressure and the lowering of the temperature can be adjusted so that the respective time functions overlap by the lowering of the temperature before reaching the final pressure or at conversely, the increase in pressure is started before the cryoconcentration temperature is reached.
- the pressure vessel it is possible first to lower the temperature in the pressure vessel to the cryopreservation temperature and then to increase the pressure in the pressure vessel.
- Which of the mentioned variants is chosen depends on the conditions of the specific cryopreservation task, in particular on the structure of the cryopreservation device and the composition of the biological sample.
- the optimal variant can be selected empirically by tests in which the vitality rate of the biological sample for the different variants is tested under the specific conditions of use.
- the pressure and temperature-time functions in particular with respect to the speed of the pressure increase and the temperature reduction and / or the shape of the function, such.
- the pressure-adjusting element comprises an expansion region in the form of a protruding from the pressure vessel hollow pipe
- the pressure-temperature setting is simplified.
- the pressure can be increased in the pressure vessel by first immersing the at least one hollow conduit in the cooling bath of the cooling device. An expansion medium in the at least one hollow conduit expands, so that the pressure in the rest of the pressure vessel increases. Subsequently, the remaining pressure vessel is also immersed in the cooling bath of the cooling device so as to set the cryopreservation temperature for the biological sample in the interior of the pressure vessel.
- the storage of the sample takes place in the pressure vessel.
- the preservation medium contains at least one stabilizer substance which is suitable for stabilizing the glassy phase of the supercooled melt when the temperature of the biological sample is increased, preferably until it changes to the liquid state.
- the stabilizer substance causes the glassy phase to be maintained at higher temperatures than would be the case without the stabilizer substance.
- the glassy phase is maintained longer on thawing, and the formation of the crystalline phase is avoided.
- the glass transition temperature of the preservation medium is increased by the stabilizer substance.
- the stabilizer substance results in a reduced number of nucleation nuclei in the preservation medium, so that the nucleation probability is reduced and ice formation during thawing is minimized.
- the biological sample e.g. B. a cell suspension
- the at least one stabilizer substance is used, as it has been used only conditionally or not at all for conventional cryopreservation or according to the invention develops its effect at much lower concentrations and this is different than that of the known cryoprotectants.
- the stabilizer substance preferably substances are selected which do not penetrate into the cells at atmospheric pressure and therefore normally find no use in the conventional cryopreservation of cells and tissues. The remarkable thing about the use of the stabilizer substance is that experiments ments of the inventors showed that with an addition of z. B.
- the surprising effect of the stabilizer substance is that, for the first time during the thawing of the sample, it allows the return path via the combination of high pressure / rapid freezing and pressure-controlled heating with virtually unaffected vitality of the cells. It is thus the combination of at least one substance dissolved in the preservation medium which allows the return from the vitrified area by influencing the water structure and the presence of nucleation germs.
- the stabilizer substance materially different, in ih ⁇ rer effect and / or with respect to the preferred concentration selected from the conventional cryoprotectants.
- the stabilizer substance is by conventional
- Cryoprotectants targeted increases the number of nucleation to promote the formation of the largest possible number of ice crystals during freezing. With the number of Eiskris ⁇ metals, however, also reduces the chance of sizes ⁇ growth, so be prevented by conventional cryoprotectants large crystals. For this purpose, a distribution and high mobility in the Kon ⁇ Servi mecanicsmedium is desired in conventional cryoprotectants to the cells.
- the stabilizer substance is selected from at least ei ⁇ ner of the substance groups, the long-chain uncharged polymers having a molecular weight greater than 500 g / mol, in particular greater than 1000 g / mol, monosaccharides, di- and Oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, starch derivatives, such as. Starch hydrolysis products, sugar alcohols, water-soluble polymers, colloids (nanoparticle dispersions), in particular with silver, gold, diamond and / or nanotube particles, dendrimers, polycations, and polyanions.
- the stabilizer substance is biocompatible so that the cells in the biological sample are not adversely affected by the stabilizer substance.
- the concentration (% vol.%) Of the stabilizer substance preferably less than 30%, particularly preferably less than 20%, in particular less than 10%, such. B. less than 3% or less than 1%. A preferred minimum concentration is 0.1%.
- the stabilizer substance in the preservation medium outside of the biological cells is arranged. The cells remain free of the stabilizer substance, which has advantages for the vitality after thawing the sample.
- Another advantage of the stabilizer substance therein may be stand ⁇ that this under the action of elevated pressure and reduced temperature in the cryopreservation their properties, in particular structure and / or molecular weight changes.
- molecules of the stabilizer substance can be broken down into fragments so that they can diffuse into the interior of the cells in order to achieve an additional cryoprotective effect there.
- a method of heating a biological sample comprising biological cells and a preservative medium in a vitrified state disposed in a glassy phase in a pressure vessel wherein the temperature of the pressure vessel and the biological sample is increased; until the biological sample reaches a liquid state, and wherein the preservation medium contains the at least one stabilizer substance capable of stabilizing the glassy state upon elevation of the temperature of the biological sample, preferably until transition to the liquid state.
- the pressure in the pressure vessel upon reaching the transition from the glassy state of the subcooled melt to the liquid state, the pressure in the pressure vessel is reduced. This minimizes damage to the biological sample after reaching the liquid state.
- the pressure in the pressure vessel instantaneously, ie in particular stepped and with negligible delay, reduced.
- the pressure reduction can be achieved by the pressure container released, z. B. is opened, so that a pressure equalization is achieved with an external atmospheric pressure.
- a release of the pressure vessel is not mandatory. Rather, the pressure reduction may also be due to a contraction of the biological sample at the transition from the supercooled melt to the liquid
- the volume of the sample may decrease according to the processes explained below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, so that the pressure in the pressure vessel drops.
- the elevated pressure above the atmospheric pressure is at least 100 MPa, in particular at least 150 MPa and / or at most 300 MPa, in particular at most 250 MPa. These pressure ranges have proven to be particularly advantageous for a rapid transition from the glassy state to the liquid state and vice versa.
- FIGS 1 to 4 phase diagrams with illustrations of different phases of water
- FIG. 5 Embodiments of the invention
- FIGS. 7 to 11 experimental results showing the
- FIG. 12 Illustrate the effect of a cryoprotectant or stabilizer substance
- FIGS. 13 to 19 show further embodiments of cryopreservation devices according to the invention and their use
- FIGS. 20 to 28 show further embodiments of cryopreservation devices according to the invention, in which the pressure vessel has the shape of a flat cylinder;
- Figure 29 is a schematic illustration of an optical unit in the container wall of a pressure vessel
- FIG. 30 shows a further embodiment of the cryopreservation device according to the invention and its use
- FIG. 31 to 35 show further embodiments of invention shown SSER Kryokonserv istsvortechniken, wherein the pressure container has the shape of a sphere or cylinder;
- FIG. 36 shows a further embodiment of the cryopreservation device according to the invention;
- FIGS. 37 to 39 show further embodiments of inventive cryopreservation devices in which a substrate is arranged in the interior of the pressure vessel;
- FIGS. 40 and 41 show further embodiments of inventive cryopreservation devices with a segmentation of the pressure vessel interior
- FIG. 42 shows a further embodiment of the cryopreservation device according to the invention and its use.
- the invention will be described in the following first through a Erläute ⁇ tion of findings of the inventors, and then by specifying details of Kryokonserv istsvortechnisch and the process control. It is emphasized that the following theoretical considerations serve as an approach to explain the excellent vitality rates achieved with the cryopreservation of the present invention. However, the embodiment of the invention is not bound to the completeness and accuracy of the theoretical considerations. Theoretical considerations of the phase diagrams of aqueous Sys ⁇ tems and the effect of stabilizer substances
- phase diagrams of the water are of limited use. Nevertheless, for illustrative purposes, the inventors' explanation is referred to phase diagrams of the water shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4.
- FIG. 2 shows in expanded state diagrams of the water and its metastable states that there are possibilities for influencing ice formation.
- the freezing point z. B. be lowered stable (colligative effects). That's the principle that organisms use in nature. They freeze so z. B. at -10 ° C or 20 ° C.
- an aqueous solution can be supercooled. Ice melts with pure water and normal pressure at 0 ° C, but it does not freeze at this temperature.
- LDL Low Density Liquid
- HDL High Density Liquid
- Vitrification requires a very high cooling rate (> 10 6 ° / s) in the case of the rapid fluctuation of the water molecules, but not the limited thermal conductivity of the water in the case of a cell (> 10 ⁇ ) more accessible (max. some 10 4o / s). with increasing size of the frozen objects of cooling rates distance ever more dramatic (many orders of magnitude) is so that a real Vitrifizie- tion (formation of a glassy phase without additives) previously not possible.
- the freezing point due to the anomaly of the water in the LDL range, the freezing point, however, can also be lowered by increasing the pressure. This process is reversed precisely at the transition from LDL to HDL in a way, that wa et ⁇ 200 MPa form the preferred upper pressure limit, which is still effective for lowering the freezing point. Thereafter, the freezing point, as in any other liquid, normally increases again with increasing pressure.
- FIG. 4 illustrates once again that in the LD range, during cooling and thawing, a respective critical region is formed but to reach this area or to seek full vitrification would have been the solution to the problem.
- a biolo gical ⁇ sample in a known manner to prepare biological cell h ⁇ len and a preservation medium at room temperature and un ⁇ ter atmospheric pressure.
- At least one stabilizer substance is preferably added to the preservation medium at a concentration of less than or equal to 5%, or this takes place during the cooling process or else only in the low-temperature state or before thawing. But it can also be provided higher concentrations.
- Suitable groups of substances for the stabilizer substance particularly for use with the below-described exporting ⁇ approximately forms of Kryokonserv mecanicsvortechnisch and Verfa ren for cooling or for heating of biological samples, sin
- FIGS. 5A to 5C show embodiments of the cryopreservation device 100 according to the invention which has a pressure vessel 10 and an adjusting device 20.
- the pressure vessel 10 has a container wall 11 in the form of a tube (tube), the interior of which forms the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10.
- the adjusting device 20 comprises Druckeinstellelemente, which are each formed by pressure screws 21 at the axial ends of the pressure vessel 10.
- a third pressure screw 21 may be radially projecting on the container wall 11 z. B. along the half axial length of the pressure vessel 10 may be provided ( Figure 5B).
- the pressure vessel 10 preferably has an outer diameter that is less than or equal to 5 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 2 mm or 1 mm, z. B. is 0.5 mm.
- the axial length of the pressure vessel 10 is z. B. in the range of 10 mm to 20 cm.
- the thickness of the container wall 11 is z. B. 1/4 to 1/10 of the outer diameter of the pressure vessel.
- the container wall 11 is z. B. made of stainless steel, aluminum, gold or silver. Alternatively, other metals or alloys may be used which have a high thermal conductivity speed for rapid cooling in the interior 12 and a pressure resistance for prints up to z. B. 200 MPa.
- the pressure vessel made of a plastic or a composite material, for. As plastic-metal composite, be made.
- the pressure vessel 10 For receiving the pressure screws 21, the pressure vessel 10 at its axial ends on internal thread.
- the container wall 11 For receiving the radially projecting pressure screw 21 (FIG. 5B), the container wall 11 is provided with a threaded projection.
- the pressure screws 21 can also be used as a bleed screw.
- a single pressure screw 21 can be provided as the setting device (see, for example, FIG. 14A).
- the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10 can be subdivided into individual interior sections 15.
- the segmentation with interior sections 15 has proven to be advantageous for the vitality rate of biological cells, which is maximum in the central interior sections 15.
- the sample 1 in the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10 is filled (see partially open view of the container wall 11 in Figure 5A).
- the preservation medium contains one or more stabilizer substances, such as. B. Dextran at a concentration of 30% mixed with 10% ethylene glycol.
- the pressure screws 21 are closed so that the inner space 12 is bubble-free.
- the inside of the container wall 11 must be completely wetted by the biological sample 1.
- the inside of Be ⁇ plierwand 11 may be coated hydrophilic. Furthermore, follows a vent on one of the pressure screws 21.
- an elevated pressure in the Innraum 11 of the pressure vessel 10, z. B. in the range of 0.1 MPa to 300 MPa are set.
- the amount of pressure can be determined by calibration ⁇ tests or by using a sensor device 16 (see below).
- the segmentation in interior sections 15 can be provided by squeezing the container wall 11.
- the filled cryopreservation device 100 is cooled in the cooling bath of a cooling device (not shown in FIG. 5, see, for example, FIG.
- the pressure vessel is preferably immersed horizontally in the cooling bath, so that the cooling takes place substantially simultaneously along the entire axial length of the pressure vessel 10.
- the cooling bath comprises z.
- liquid propane liquid nitrogen or other liquefied gas.
- cryopreservation temperature z. B. -197 ° C
- the further cryopreservation in the cooling bath or in a storage container can take place, which by liquid nitrogen or by vapor of the liquid nitrogen to a temperature of, for. B. -140 ° C is cooled.
- cryopreservation device 100 For vitality-preserving heating of the biological sample 1, the cryopreservation device 100 is placed in a heating bath
- Liquid bath at a temperature above 0 ° C comprising, for. As water, alcohol or an oil immersed.
- the immersion is also preferably carried out horizontally and at high speed, so that the increased pressure in the pressure vessel 10 is maintained until the crystalline ice formed melts. Subsequently, the pressure jump ⁇ decreases to z. B. 0.1 MPa.
- FIG. 6A shows, for example, how the pressure is initially increased during freezing.
- FIG. B the pressure screws 21 shown in FIG 5 used. Only after reaching the pressure of 200 MPa, the temperature is lowered by the immersion (Eintician) of Kryokonservierungsvortechnisch 100 in the cooling bath. When thawing a pressure relief, and then heating of the biological sample may be first reverse vorgese ⁇ hen to room temperature.
- FIG. 6B shows the opposite variant, in which the temperature is first lowered during the cryopreservation and then the pressure is built up.
- the pressure screws 21 are only after reaching the Kryokonserv iststemperatur of z. B. - 200 ° C actuated.
- FIG. 6C shows a more complicated temperature-time function, which depends on the concrete preservation conditions can be selected.
- FIG. 7 shows a sequence of microscope images of a section of the sample 1 with cells 2 at room temperature, after the preservation medium 3 has been added a cryoprotectant.
- the time in seconds, s shows the time dependence after addition of the stabilizer substance to the sample 1. It is clear that a considerable shrinkage process takes place in a short time.
- Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the dramatic shrinkage of the cells (here HeLa cells) to almost the residual osmotic volume which is beneficial for high vitality rates.
- the round shape of the cells ( Figures 9A to 9C, top left) is completely lost ( Figures 9A to 9C, right and bottom).
- the decrease in the diameter of the cells was measured with a measuring system determines Invitrogen (diagram in Figure 8), but not Reflectors ⁇ has full osmotic shrinking, since the proportion of the deviation from the spherical shape not into account is taken. Consequently, the cells shrink more than can be seen from the graph number value.
- FIG. 10 shows the shrunken cells in the electron microscopic section. It can be seen the extremely strong shrinkage, which is achieved in the cryogenic medium with one of the above compositions, so that the cell membrane system is strongly folded.
- FIG. 11 shows the structural changes of adherent cells (HeLa). Again, the osmotic shrinkages occur very quickly (after seconds).
- FIG. 12 shows variants of arming and / or cooling elements provided according to the invention.
- FIG. 12A initially shows the circular cross-section of the tubular pressure vessel 10 (see FIG. 5).
- FIGS. 12B to 121 show embodiments of the cryopreservation device according to the invention in a schematic sectional view of the pressure vessel 10, in which the adjusting device is set up for setting the temperature using at least one heat-conducting element or at least one cooling element.
- heat-conducting elements comprise outer profiles 35, which are arranged so as to project radially on an outer side of the container wall 11.
- the outer profiles 35 accelerate the cooling or heating of the pressure vessel 10 when immersed in the cooling bath or the warm liquid keitsbad.
- inner profiles 36 are arranged on an inner side of the container wall 11.
- the inner profiles 36 also support the heat transfer from or to the biological sample in the pressure vessel 10.
- FIGS. 12D to 12G illustrate a pressure vessel 10 having a hexagonal, hexagonal cross-section.
- the outside of the container wall 11 forms the outer profile 35, which offers a large surface for wetting with a coolant or a thawing agent and thus is suitable for influencing the temperature-time function during cooling or thawing.
- heat conducting bodies 37 in the form of partitions (FIG. 12E), inserted filaments or spheres (FIG. 12F) or colloidal particles (FIG. 12F) are additionally provided in the interior of the pressure vessel 10
- FIG. 12G shows a variant of the invention in which a cooling line 34 runs in the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10 as a cooling element.
- the cooling line 34 is connected to ademe ⁇ dium reservoir and arranged by a cooling medium, such. As liquid nitrogen or a cooling gas, to be flown through. Alternatively, a cooling line 34 may extend adjacent to the interior 12, as shown schematically in FIG. 121.
- FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the cryopreservation device 100 according to the invention (FIG. 13A) and its use during cooling (FIG. 13B) and thawing (FIG. 13C) of the biological sample with cells 2 in the preservation medium 3.
- FIG Adjustment device for time and / or location-dependent adjustment of the temperature and the pressure in the pressure vessel 10 three Druckeinstellelemente comprising pressure screws 21 and an expansion region 22.
- the pressure screws 21 are provided for generating the pressure and / or for venting the inner space 12 of the pressure vessel 10 (see Figure 5).
- the expansion region 22 comprises a radially projecting from the pressure vessel 10 hollow conduit which communicates at one end via an opening in the container wall 12 with the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10 in connection and the opposite, free end is closed. Between the inner space 12 and the expansion area 22, a filter 29 may be provided to prevent the ingress of biological cells into the expansion area 22.
- the expansion area 22 is z. B. made of the same material as the container wall 12 of the pressure vessel 10.
- the expansion region 22 is adapted to receive a liquid Ex ⁇ pansionsmedium that expands upon cooling.
- the expansion medium includes z.
- the aqueous preservative medium of the biological sample or, alternatively, another aqueous liquid suitable for forming the crystalline phase of water.
- the dimensions (length, inner diameter, outer diameter) of the expansion area 22 can be selected by the user depending on the concrete preservation conditions.
- the expansion region 22 allows rapid formation of the crystalline phase when the temperature of the expansion region 22 is lowered below the freezing point of water.
- the cooling of the expansion region 22 can be decoupled in time from the cooling of the remaining pressure vessel 10, as illustrated in FIG. 13B.
- a schematically shown cooling device 200 with a cooling bath 210 is provided.
- the cooling device 200 includes, for example, a vessel into which the cooling bath 210, e.g. B. from liquid nitrogen, filled and which is connected to a cooling medium reservoir.
- the cryopreservation device 100 For cryopreservation of the biological sample 1, the cryopreservation device 100 is first immersed in the cooling bath 210 exclusively with the expansion region 22 (immersion depth D1), while the remaining pressure vessel is still outside the cooling bath. In this phase, crystalline ice is formed in the expansion region 22, which expands, so that in the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10, the pressure increases.
- the duration of the pressure generation with the expansion area 22 is z. In the range of milliseconds, seconds or minutes.
- the cryoconservation device 100 is completely immersed in the cooling bath 210, so that the desired cryopreservation temperature of z. B. - 195.7 ° C is reached. For this purpose, the cryopreservation device 100 is lowered to a second immersion depth D2.
- the heating for recovery of the biological sample is carried out in the reverse manner according to FIG. 13C.
- immersion depth Dl a heating bath 310 of a thawing device 300
- the reduction takes place up to the immersion depth D2, so that the pressure in the pressure vessel 10 is reduced.
- FIG. 14A illustrates an embodiment of the cryopreservation device 100 according to the invention, in which an inner container 13 is arranged in the interior 12 of the pressure container 10.
- the inner container 13 is provided for receiving the biological sample 1 and comprises a bubble-free filled tube of a flexible material.
- the inner container 13 is z. B.
- the provision of the inner container 13 has the advantage that the formation of the crystalline phase on the inside of the container wall 12 is separated from the biological sample 1.
- different liquids may be provided in the interior 12 outside the inner container 13 on the one hand and in the inner container 13 on the other hand.
- pure water or an aqueous composition of water with a salt, glycerin and / or an alcohol may be provided outside the inner container 13.
- the aqueous composition has the advantage of lowering the freezing point, so that it is possible to set at which temperature below the freezing point of pure water the pressure in the pressure vessel 10 is to be generated.
- the inner container 13 does not extend over the entire length of the interior 12.
- the pressure vessel 10 will be a relatively large space maraf ⁇ fen in which no biological sample 1 is located, and preferably generates the crystalline phase of water in the closed end 12.1 can.
- an expansion within the pressure vessel 10 Ons Scheme created as part of the control device used in the invention which may have an advantageous effect on the cooling and heating of the Kryokonserv istsvortechnisch 100 (see in particular Figure 14C).
- the outer shape of the inner container 13 may be the same as the inner shape of the pressure container 10.
- other cross sections of the outer and / or inner molds may be provided, such. Square, hexagonal, octagonal or all combinations thereof.
- different cross-sectional shapes of the outer and inner molds can be provided.
- FIG. 14B schematically illustrates the cooling of the cryopreservation device 100 in a cooling device 200, which in this case contains two superimposed cooling baths 210 with liquid nitrogen and 220 with liquid propane.
- the use of liquid propane has the advantage that it more easily wets the outside of the pressure vessel 10 and thus accelerates the cooling.
- the pressure vessel 10 may be oriented such that the entire length of the pressure vessel 10 simultaneously dips into the heating bath 310 (horizontal orientation). In this case, an increase in the temperature of the biological sample 1 and, as soon as the crystalline ice has thawed, also the reduction of the pressure in the pressure vessel 10. Alternatively, first the closed end 12.1 with the expansion region immersed in the water bath 310, so that first the crystalline phase is melted and the pressure in the pressure vessel 10 is reduced and then the remaining biological sample 1 is heated (vertical orientation of the pressure vessel 10).
- the use of the cryopreservation device 100 according to the invention is not limited to the preservation of cell suspensions. Rather, the biological sample 1 cell groups, cell aggregates, organs of 4 biological organisms or complete biological organisms 5, such as. As nematodes, worms or arthropods included.
- the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10 has an inner diameter in the range of at least 5 mm, preferably at least 10 mm.
- the inner diameter of the inner space 11 is less than 5 cm, more preferably less than 3 cm.
- an inner container 13 is provided for receiving the biological sample 1, which may optionally be divided into individual chambers.
- the cryopreservation of the biological sample 1 also takes place in the embodiment according to FIG. 15, in that the pressure vessel 10 is immersed in at least one liquid bath of the cooling device 200.
- immersion of the pressure vessel 10 with horizontal alignment first takes place first into the liquid bath 220 of liquid propane and then into the liquid bath 210 with liquid nitrogen.
- the time function of the pressure generation relative to the time function of the cooling can be adjusted.
- the heating takes place in the reverse order, by first submerging the pressure vessel 10 in a heating bath 310 until the biological sample 1 has thawed. Subsequently, the complete lowering of the cryopreservation device 100 into the heating bath 310 takes place.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show further embodiments of the cryopreservation device 100 which are equipped with an expansion area 22 is equipped.
- the expansion area 22 comprises a hollow conduit which has branches in the illustrated variants.
- the expansion portion 22 has a T-shape with side arms.
- the expansion area 22 may first be immersed in the cooling bath 210 (immersion depth D1) so that the liquid inside it freezes, forms hexagonal ice, and increases the pressure. Only then is the system fully submerged (immersion depth D2) and completely frozen (Figure 16B).
- Immersion depth D2 When heating is reversed, or you have the opportunity in two layers (boom first in the warm phase or as shown here last) into the heating bath 310 to dive (Figure 16C). According to the latter principle, the pressure is maintained by the existing ice until thawing at values of about 200 MPa.
- Figure 17 shows another embodiment of the expansion area 22 with branches forming a fan-out jib system.
- a larger internal volume and a larger surface area are provided than, for example, in FIG. 16, so that the pressure can be increased faster.
- FIG. 18 shows embodiments of the cryopreservation device 100 with a spherical pressure vessel 10 and a plurality of expansion areas 22, which extend into different spatial axes (spatial directions).
- the pressure vessel 10 comprises a hollow sphere for receiving the biological sample.
- the hollow sphere is z.
- B. stainless steel Herge ⁇ provides and has an inner diameter of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 12 mm.
- the hollow conduits form stub lines projecting from the hollow sphere.
- the number, geometric ⁇ specific dimensioning and orientation of the hollow tubes can be ge ⁇ selected depending on the actual use conditions (see examples in Figs 18A to 18C).
- the filling of the hollow ball is effected by a closable opening (not shown) in the container wall or by one of the hollow conduits, which is equipped in this case with a closure element.
- a closable opening not shown
- the geometric orientation of the Druckbe ⁇ container 10 when immersed up to the immersion depths Dl and D2 in a cooling bath 210 ( Figure 18D) or in a heating 310 ( Figure 18E) allows a setting when the pressure in the pressure vessel 10th should rise and fall.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B show embodiments of the cryopreservation device 100 in which the container wall 11 of the pressure vessel 10 has the shape of a curved tube with a single curvature (FIG. 19A) or a multiple curvature (FIG. 19B).
- the pressure vessel 10 is curved in a plane of curvature, so that the local temperature distribution when immersed in a cooling bath depending on the orientation of the pressure vessel 10 can be adjusted relative to the cooling bath (see Figure 19C, 19D).
- FIG. 19A shows by way of example variants of pressure setting elements comprising pressure screws 21 and an expansion region 22, which may be provided individually or as shown in combination.
- the pressure screws 21 are formed as described above with reference to FIG.
- the expansion all rich 22 includes a plurality of hollow conduits in the plane of curvature of the pressure vessel 10 and respectively to the In ⁇ are disposed communicatively nenraum of the pressure vessel 10 degrees.
- the pressure adjustment elements can also be provided in the variant according to FIG. 19B.
- the multiple curvature of FIG. 19B may be a waveform having more than the three extremes shown.
- the local distributions and time functions of pressure generation and temperature reduction in the cryopreservation Device 100 depends on the orientation of the pressure vessel 10 when immersed in the cooling bath 210.
- FIG. 19C shows, by way of example, plunging with the plane of curvature perpendicular or parallel to the surface of the cooling bath 210. With the vertical orientation, the pressure generation and the temperature reduction first take place in the extremes of the multiple curvature which protrude into the cooling bath. With the parallel orientation, however, the pressure generation and the temperature reduction in the entire pressure vessel 10 are carried out simultaneously. Deviating from the illustration, immersion with other orientations into the fluids may be provided, resulting in an extended variability in the setting of the pressure and temperature-time functions.
- the local distributions and time functions of pressure reduction and temperature increase in the cryopreservation device 100 also depend on the orientation of the pressure vessel 10 upon immersion in a heating bath 310 ( Figure 19D).
- Figure 20 shows an embodiment of the cryopreservation apparatus 100, wherein the container wall 11 of the pressure vessels ⁇ ters 10 has the shape of a flat or disk-shaped Zy ⁇ Linders.
- This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that when immersed in a cooling bath, a relatively large area is cooled. Therefore, a thin layer of crystalline phase is ge ⁇ forms on the inside of the container wall 11 which is sufficient to produce the desired pressure in the Druckbe ⁇ container 10, while allowing a relatively large space for the glassy phase.
- the pressure vessel 10 according to Figure 20A has a diameter of z. B. 1 cm to 10 cm and thickness of z. B. 1 mm to 1 cm. He is z. B. made of stainless steel, aluminum, gold or silver.
- the adjusting device for time- and / or location-dependent adjustment of the temperature and the pressure in the pressure vessel 10 comprises a pressure clamp 23.
- the pressure clamp 23 comprises two clamp plates 24, which via a
- Hinge 25 (axle hinge) are pivotable. With a clamp screw 26 (set screw), the distance between the clamp plates 24 can be adjusted.
- the pressure clamp 23 is adapted to pressurize the pressure vessel 10 with respect to the atmospheric pressure, before the cryopreservation device 100 by a dip in a
- FIGS. 20C-20D show variants of the cylindrical pressure vessel 10 which with a reinforced peripheral region (sectional perspective view in Figure 20C) and / or a both-side (sectional view in FIG 20D) or one-sided
- FIG. 20E (Sectional view in FIG. 20E) can be equipped with an elastically deformable container wall 11.
- a stable bottom wall 11.3 is a side ⁇ provided.
- Figures 21 to 24 show further variants of the pressing bracket 23, in which the clamping plates 24 are provided on their side facing the pressure vessel 10 inner sides with holes 27 and with profiles 28, in the open state and in the ge ⁇ closed state (assembled state) of the Druckklam ⁇
- Figure 23 shows egg ⁇ ne plan view of the pressing bracket 23 with one of the clamp ⁇ plates 24, the hinge 25, the clamp screw 26 and the holes 27th
- the holes 27 allow direct contact of a cooling fluid, for. B. of liquid nitrogen or propanol, or of a heating fluid, for. B. of water, with the pressure vessel 10 and thus an acceleration of the cooling or heating of the pressure vessel 10.
- the profiles 28 are provided to produce locally different pressures on the pressure vessel 10.
- the cylindrical pressure vessel 10 can be equipped with a vent pipe 30.
- FIG. 25 shows a variant of the invention in which the cryopreservation device 100 is immersed only on one side in a liquid (cooling bath 210 or heating bath).
- the pressure clamp 23 has holes 27 only on the lower clamp plate 24 facing the liquid. This is be ⁇ Sonder advantageous. when adherent cells grow on the lower side of the pressure vessel 10 or the cells sediment there.
- Figure 26 schematically illustrates a variant of the invention in which the venting of the pressure vessel 10 and the mechanical ⁇ specific pressure generating chamber with the plates 24 with electric drive elements 32 are controlled 33rd
- This embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous for automation of cryopreservation.
- a sensor device comprising a pressure sensor 16. 1, is arranged in the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10.
- the pressure sensor 16.1 supplies a sensor signal which can be used to control the pressure using the pressure screw 21, possibly with an electrical control element (eg piezo element, not shown). It can be generated a predetermined external pressure, which acts in the interior 12 on the inner container 13 during freezing and thawing.
- the inner container 13 is formed by a flexible bag containing the biological sample, for. B. a cell suspension or a
- the inner container 13 includes z. B. a blood bag, as it is used for blood donation purposes.
- FIG. 29 schematically illustrates an enlarged detail of the container wall 11 of a pressure vessel 10.
- the vessel wall 11 contains an optical unit 60, which is set up for an optical, in particular microscopic, observation of the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10. It is Z.
- the optical lens 61 may, for. B. be configured for a mikrosko ⁇ pische mapping of the cells 2.
- FIG. 30 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the cryopreservation device 100 has a tube arrangement with external pressure generation (hydrostatically, see arrow) via a T-element comprises.
- the tube arrangement is equipped with a pressure sensor 16.1 and a temperature sensor 16.2, with the sensor signals of which both the pressure and the temperature-time functions can be regulated.
- Figures 31 and 32 show embodiments of the Kryokon- serv istsvoriques 100, in which the container wall 11 of the pressure vessel 10 has the shape of a ball.
- Pressure vessel 10 is composed of two hemispheres 11.2, which are bolted together in the middle of the pressure vessel 10.
- the ball has a diameter in the range of z. B. 5 mm to 10 cm.
- Figure 31A is the
- FIG. 31B additionally illustrates optionally provided parts, such as a sensor device 16 and a filling line 11.1 which can be decoupled from the pressure vessel 10.
- FIGS. 31C and 31D illustrate the cooling and heating of the cryopreservation device 100 analogously to the methods described above.
- the spherical pressure vessel 10 may be alternatively or additionally provided with a pressure adjustment in the shape of a ⁇ pansions Kunststoffs Ex 22 (Figure 32).
- the expansion section 22 comprises a cylinder piece that is configured as described above for receiving an expansion medium and Dru ⁇ cker generation when cooled.
- Figures 32C and 32D illustrate analogous to those described above procedural ⁇ ren cooling and heating of the Kryokonserv istsvor- direction 100th
- the cryopreservation according to the invention of biological samples comprising organs 4 or whole organisms 5 is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 33 to 35.
- the biological sample is preferably added to the stabilizer substance.
- Fi gur ⁇ 33A is provided as the pressure vessel 10 is a cylindrical vessel, which is dimensioned in the illustrated example for receiving a fish embryo.
- FIGS. 33C and 33D two immersion variants for pressure-temperature control during freezing of the cryopreservation device 100 are illustrated.
- Figures 34A and 34B is shown as a pressure vessel 10, a spherical vessel which is suitable for receiving an organ 4, with an inner diameter of the
- the organ 4 is arranged in an inner container 13.
- Figure 35 shows a pressure vessel 10, a spherical vessel in which tissue, organisms 5 or organs in an inner container 13, z. B. a bag or a thin-walled vessel, so that the outer solution to the bag inner medium can be chosen differently (eg, outside oil, inside nutrient solution with the stabilizer substance).
- FIG. 36 shows an embodiment of the cryopreservation device 100, in which pressure is not caused by the expansion of a freezing expansion medium but by a vaporous expansion medium, e.g. B. evaporating liquid nitrogen is formed.
- the expansion region 22, which contains the liquid nitrogen, is connected to the pressure vessel 10 via a pressure line 39.
- the vaporizing liquid nitrogen is injected continuously or in portions from the expansion region 22 into the pressure vessel 10.
- FIGS. 37 to 39 show embodiments of the cryoconservation device 100 which are configured by the provision of at least one substrate 14 in the interior 12 of the pressure container 10 for the cryoconservation of adherent cells 2. According to the variants shown in FIGS.
- the substrate 14 is in the form of an elongate strip (tongue) in a tubular pressure vessel 10, which is closed on one or both sides with a pressure screw 21 and / or with a radially protruding pressure screw 21 is.
- the cells 2 are in the adherent state on one or both sides of the substrate 14, which may be suitably functionalized (eg by coating with fibronectin, polylysine and / or growth factors).
- the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10 is filled with the preservation medium, optionally with the stabilizer substance.
- FIG. 37C additionally shows a substance reservoir 17, which is arranged in the interior 12 of the pressure vessel 10.
- the sub-punching reservoir 17 is set up for introducing at least one additional substance into the interior space 12.
- substances may diffuse into the interior space 12 from the substance reservoir 17 during the freezing or thawing process.
- the substance reservoir 17 may be a destructible under the action of the pressure in the interior 12 reservoir wall, z. B. from a plastic.
- this makes it possible for the additional substance to be released only when a certain pressure is reached in the interior space 12.
- FIG. 38A a substrate 14 having a cross-shaped cross-section is illustrated, wherein provided For example, cells 2 may be disposed on all or only a few surfaces of the substrate 14.
- FIG 38B a sub ⁇ strat is shown in the form of a hollow cylinder 14, the cells are in the interior of the second
- the hollow cylinder can be made of z.
- this allows as the use of the inner container described above is that the cells 2 are exposed inside the other boundary conditions and solutions to be outside of the substrate 14.
- the substrate 14 is a body with a nano- or micro-structured surface to ⁇ which are optionally equipped with growth or differentiation factors in gradients.
- Figures 39A to 39E show an example that the sub ⁇ strat 14 as a separate component (shuttle) may be configured to be inserted into the pressure vessel.
- the boats can be formed in particular with a closed or an open mold.
- FIGS. 39A and 40 further illustrate a variant of an adjusting device according to the invention for controlling the pressure in the pressure vessel 10.
- a winding section 31 is provided at at least one end of the tubular pressure vessel 10 in this variant. By screwing the winding section 31 on the gas-free filled with the biological sample pressure vessel 10 can be increased in this before the temperature drop, the pressure.
- FIG. 40A shows a tubular pressure vessel 10 with winding sections 31.
- the preservation medium 3 in which Cells 2 may contain the stabilizer substance in the form of a gradient (eg Ficoll or Percoll of different concentration and / or molecular weight).
- Fi gur ⁇ 40B may in the inner space 12 in addition partitions 18 be seen upstream, the rapid mixing of the biological sample 1 and z. B. prevent degradation of said gradient and allow a separation of the cells in compartments.
- substance reservoirs in the form of hollow spheres 19, which are suspended in the preservation medium 3 and are set up to be destroyed at a predetermined pressure and release their contents may additionally be provided.
- further antifreeze and vitrification substances or media that assist the cells in thawing can be released.
- Figure 40D illustrates that in the pressure container ⁇ two immiscible solutions may be superposed marich ⁇ tet. In the first solution, the cells are 2. The freezing behavior of the solutions allows the pressure conditions to be set in the event of a temperature change.
- FIG. 41 illustrates a tubular pressure vessel 10, which is closed on one side with a pressure screw 21 and on one side with a winding section 31.
- the preservation medium in the form of built-up solutions z. B. Ficoll gradient or as overlays ver ⁇ VARIOUS molecular weights, that is, solutions with different ⁇ Licher density
- the cells 2 are added to the gradient on one side (FIG. 41A).
- the pressure vessel 10 is centrifuged in a vertical manner with the cells 2, so that different cell types collect at the sealing boundary surfaces (FIG. 41B). In this arrangement, the cryopreservation then takes place.
- the cryopreservation device 100 comprises a pressure vessel 10, which is closed on one side with a pressure screw 21 and in the interior 12 of which the substrate 14 for the adherence of biological cells 2 is arranged.
- the pressure screw 21 is further equipped with a heat-conducting element in the form of a cooling wire 38 which is pressure-tightly integrated into the pressure screw 21 and extends from the inner space 12 into the surroundings of the pressure vessel 10.
- the cooling wire 38 is a Me ⁇ talldraht, z. B. of silver. Outside the pressure vessel 10, the cooling wire 38 is a compact bundle, z.
- the cooling wire 38 may first enter the cooling bath 210, e.g. B. are dipped from liquid nitrogen, whereby ice forms not in the interior of the tube on the container wall 11, but the cooling wire 38 and leads to pressure increase. This is followed by the complete immersion of the system in the cooling bath 210.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011115467A DE102011115467A1 (de) | 2011-10-10 | 2011-10-10 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Druck-Kryokonservierung einer biologischen Probe |
| PCT/EP2012/004248 WO2013053471A2 (de) | 2011-10-10 | 2012-10-10 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur druck-kryokonservierung einer biologischen probe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2765854A2 true EP2765854A2 (de) | 2014-08-20 |
Family
ID=47022625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12772885.5A Withdrawn EP2765854A2 (de) | 2011-10-10 | 2012-10-10 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur druck-kryokonservierung einer biologischen probe |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140260346A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2765854A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102011115467A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013053471A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021003563A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | CryoStasis Ltd. | Method and apparatus for storage of biological material |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3123143B1 (de) * | 2014-03-28 | 2019-01-23 | Board Of Trustees Of Northern Illinois University | Gerät und verfahren zur ultraschnellen kryokonservierung von gewebe |
| US10412959B2 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2019-09-17 | Assuta Medical Centers Ltd. | Cell tray |
| US11612162B2 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2023-03-28 | Asymptote Ltd. | Methods for cryopreservation |
| DE102016005078A1 (de) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Temperaturüberwachung einer kryokonservierten biologischen Probe |
| DE102016005133A1 (de) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Temperaturüberwachung einer kryokonservierten biologischen Probe |
| DE102016005070A1 (de) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Temperaturüberwachung einer kryokonservierten biologischen Probe |
| DE102016005075A1 (de) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Temperaturüberwachung einer kryokonservierten biologischen Probe |
| FR3062284B1 (fr) * | 2017-01-30 | 2020-10-09 | Genialis | Procede de refroidissement d'une matiere biologique et sa conservation |
| GB201705652D0 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-05-24 | Asymptote Ltd | Cryopreservation apparatus and methods |
| RU2688331C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-05-21 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает ФОНД ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ | Способ криоконсервации биологических образцов под давлением и устройство для его осуществления |
| CN109964921A (zh) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-07-05 | 天津美电医疗科技有限公司 | 冰点以下温度保存生物物质的多相定容装置、系统和方法 |
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- 2012-10-10 US US14/351,136 patent/US20140260346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-10-10 WO PCT/EP2012/004248 patent/WO2013053471A2/de not_active Ceased
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| WO2021003563A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | CryoStasis Ltd. | Method and apparatus for storage of biological material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013053471A3 (de) | 2013-08-22 |
| DE102011115467A1 (de) | 2013-04-11 |
| US20140260346A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
| WO2013053471A2 (de) | 2013-04-18 |
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