US4688387A - Method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures - Google Patents
Method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4688387A US4688387A US06/796,799 US79679985A US4688387A US 4688387 A US4688387 A US 4688387A US 79679985 A US79679985 A US 79679985A US 4688387 A US4688387 A US 4688387A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- biological material
- container
- ice
- pressure
- contents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0278—Physical preservation processes
- A01N1/0289—Pressure processes, i.e. using a designated change in pressure over time
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for the preservation of biological material and more particularly to a method for preserving viable biological material, typically cells, tissues or organs, at cryogenic temperatures for long periods of time, and in such a condition that a useful level of biological function is retained by said material and said biological function is capable of being re-established upon reintroduction into a host organism.
- tissue banks or organ banks
- organ banks are recognized as a major problem in modern medicine, and is the area to which the present invention is directed.
- the present invention is primarily directed at the cryopreservation of tissues and organs.
- Blood can be stored for up to about three years in the frozen state and frozen human embryos have also been successfully introduced into a host mother.
- these techniques work well enough to be medically useful chiefly because the preserved material consists of separated single cells (in the case of blood) or an aggregate of a very small number of cells (typically 4 in the case of a frozen embryo).
- perfusion of cryoprotectant material (as discussed below) is much more easily accomplished and the removal of cryoprotectants is also much easier.
- Frozen embryos likewise have a high mortality rate and typically several must be fertilized and frozen to insure a viable embryo will be available upon thawing.
- the present invention can advance the art of storage of single cells, and aggregates of small numbers of cells, by reducing the high mortality rate of the individual cells stored by freezing.
- the second primary cause of cell death on freezing is the loss of water from the interior of the cell by osmosis. If freezing is carried out slowly, ice will tend to form outside the cell rather than inside. With further cooling, water from the interior of the cell will pass by osmosis through the cell membrane to add to the growing extracellular ice crystals. In leaving the cell, large and often fatal concentrations of solutes remain behind in the interior of the cell. (Contraction by loss of water apparently does not affect the cell as much as expansion by freezing.) Thus, rapid cooling is usually fatal to the cell due to intracellular ice formation; slow cooling is usually fatal due to high concentrations of solute inside the cell.
- Tissues usually have different types of cells with different membrane permeabilities, water content, ability to withstand expansion or contraction, etc. Heat and fluids may not rapidly transfer from one part of the tissue to another. Cells on the surface of the tissue or organ may be subjected to particularly severe conditions. It appears with the present state of knowledge that the basic biophysics of cell freezing determines to a large extent the lethality mechanisms encountered in the freezing of tissues or organs. Tissues and organs present additional serious technical complications, caused by the different properties of the different cells present, as well as heat and mass transfer problems within the tissue.
- the present invention addresses the problems in the basic biophysics of cell preservation by freezing. As pointed out below, the present invention is such that the additional complications introduced in preserving tissues, organs or, perhaps whole organisms, are minimized by the present invention.
- the objective of preservation of biological material in a viable state is to cause biological and chemical activity to cease without causing irreversible damage of fatal extent to the material in the process. Cooling the material to cryogenic temperatures would work if lethal cellular damage could be avoided during cooling, warming and during the storage of the material at low temperature. As noted above, the direct approach of simply cooling the material is not successful in preserving the viability of the samples, most likely due to the formation of intracellular or extracellular ice. Thus, prior work in the area has focused on attempting to avoid the formation of ice, or more likely, delay the onset of ice formation to as low a temperature as possible. To this end, a variety of materials known generically as "cryoprotectants" have been used.
- the cryoprotectants are typically glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylamine acetate, or other high molecular weight solutes capable of strongly hydrogen-bonding to water.
- the function of the cryoprotectant is to bond to cellular water to suppress the freezing point of the resultant solution as much as possible. Thus, the freezing point of water in the cellular system is effectively depressed, and lower temperatures can be achieved without causing cellular damage.
- cryoprotectants have several undesirable side effects. The higher the concentration of cryoprotectant, the more the freezing point is depressed. However, the higher the concentration of cryoprotectant, the more damage done to the cell by the cryoprotectant itself, and the harder it is to remove from multi-cellular materials such as tissues or organs. Thus, cryoprotectants are only effective in preserving single cells (such as sperm or blood) or biological material containing a very few cells (such as embryos). Even in these cases, concentrations of cryoprotectant that can be tolerated by the cells are not adequate to depress freezing as much as one would like. A large number of the cells preserved by freezing do not survive. (Unlike the case with tissues and organs, enough blood cells or embryos do survive to make freezing a medically useful procedure. But there is clear room for improvement.)
- Fahy and Hirsch demonstrate a 5% reduction in the amount of cryoprotectant needed to achieve a vitrification (presumably without the formation of ice crystals) by the application of 1000 atmospheres (atm) pressure. They speculate, but do not demonstrate that a 15% reduction could be achieved with application of 2000 atm pressure.
- the cryoprotectant levels remaining in their experiments seriously affect the viability of the organs studied. Also, their work does not deal with the daunting problems of perfusing the cryoprotectant into and out of the organ in whatever concentration may be needed (at least 85% to 95% of levels used without high pressure).
- a key factor in the invention disclosed by Segall is the stated necessity to purge the pressure chamber with inert gas, such as helium, and maintain the material in the presence of helium during pressurization.
- inert gas such as helium
- the invention of Segall requires helium to achieve uniform and relatively rapid heat transfer.
- the results of our studies indicate that this is quite fatal to the preservation of viable biological material: the gas apparently infusing the cells under pressure, causing the cells to explode (rather like popcorn) upon return to normal pressures.
- the invention disclosed herein contrary to the teaching of the prior art, specifically requires the exclusion of as much gas as possible.
- the present invention extends the concepts of McMahon in a way that permits the storage of the viable biological material at cryogenic temperatures (e.g. liquid nitrogen temperature) but at atmospheric pressure.
- cryogenic temperatures e.g. liquid nitrogen temperature
- the present invention requires only low temperature for the storage of organs, easily maintained by an organ bank.
- the present invention requires high pressures only for organ bank "deposits" and “withdrawals", not a pressure vessel for every organ, maintained under high pressure for perhaps years. "Recent work by Fahy (U.S. Pat. No.
- 4,559,298 combines the use of moderate pressures (not higher than 2000 atm) with perfusion of the sample by relatively high concentrations of cryoprotectants.
- the resulting material is subject to "vitrification" to a glassy state rather than freezing.
- the present invention in contrast to the invention of Fahy, uses pressures much in excess of 2000 atm and markedly lower concentrations of cryoprotectants (even zero)."
- Pressure propogates through matter at the speed of elastic deformation of the material (i.e. at the speed of sound in the material). Therefore, pressure changes are communicated to every part of the material very rapidly, and virtually instantaneously compared with changes in temperature.
- the present invention uses pressures to minimize cellular damage caused by freezing. Thus, the very difficult task of maintaining precise cooling rates throughout a large organ or tissue is avoided.
- the present invention relates to a method for preservation of viable biological material using a combination of high pressure and low temperature in such a way as to substantially minimize damage to cells, organs and tissues on freezing or thawing.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for preservation of biological cells, tissues or organs by freezing such that, upon subsequent thawing, substantial biological function is preserved.
- a further object of the present invention is to utilize high pressure during freezing of biological material to substantially minimize damage to said biological material caused by freezing.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for storage of viable biological material at cryogenic temperatures with a reduced amount of cryoprotectant being required to maintain viability.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for freezing biological materials while avoiding the formation of ice I.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of thawing cryogenic biological material without substantially damaging the biological function and viability of said material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for storing biological material at cryogenic temperatures with the formation of metastable phases of ice.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for cryopreservation of tissues and organs which reduces the requirements for heat transfer within the tissue or organ.
- FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of the pressure vessel containing the tissue sample, surrounding fluid, and protective enclosure.
- FIG. 1 shows in cross-sectional view a typical pressure vessel containing a typical organ, 1, to be preserved by freezing to cryogenic temperatures.
- the present invention is equally applicable to tissues and small cellular aggregates, to be concrete we base our description on the preservation of a typical organ.
- the organ, 1, to be preserved is removed from the donor in a viable state. It is then typically perfused with a suitable solution, typically saline, saline with cryoprotectants, or another suitable solution.
- the solution perfusing the organ is denoted, 2, in FIG. 1.
- the organ is typically then tightly sealed in a suitable container, typically a flexible plastic, 3 in FIG. 1.
- the container, 3 must be capable of transmitting applied hydrostatic pressure to the organ, 1. Therefore, the container, 3 should either be suitably flexible to contract under pressure, thereby equalizing the internal pressure with the external pressure, or have an alternative means for equalizing the pressure applied externally to the container with that inside said container.
- container, 3 While in transit from the location of the donor to the preservation apparatus, container, 3, along with organ, 1, and solution, 2, are typically packed in ice to retard degradation of the biological viability of the organ. Nevertheless, time should be considered of the essence in transporting the organ from the donor to the preservation apparatus.
- the container, 3, along with its contents is then typically placed into the cavity of the pressure vessel, 4.
- the cavity, 4 is typically filled with a fluid, and hydrostatic pressure applied by means of opening, 5.
- a typical pressure vessel will also contain pressure relief openings, 6.
- the pressure vessel must be able to withstand cryogenic temperatures as well as high pressures.
- the pressure vessel in then typically placed into an apparatus (not shown) in which controlled pressures can be applied and controlled cooling can simultaneously be applied to the samples, as is standard in the art.
- the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention involves maintaining the sample, 1, at approximately the ambient temperature at which it was placed into the container, while the applied pressure is steadily increased.
- the formation of ice I leads to an expansion of the water in the cells upon freezing to ice I. This is known to be very harmful to biological material.
- the applied pressure is typically increased a value where ice I will no longer form on cooling, typically above about 2,100 atmospheres (atm).
- At pressures from about 2,108 atm to 3,506 atm water will freeze to the ice III phase on cooling.
- From 3,506 atm to 6,343 atm water will freeze to the ice V phase on cooling, while above 6,343 atm ice VI will form (at least up to about 19,000 atm).
- all of these ice phases except ice I contract upon freezing, thus avoiding the presumed major mechanism of cellular damage.
- An alternative embodiment of the present invention is to increase the pressure on the organ, 1, without cooling, until solidification occurs. It is well known from the phase diagram of water that the freezing point of water decreases with pressure to a minimum freezing point of about -20 deg. Celsius at an applied pressure of about 2,100 atm. At still higher pressures, the freezing point of water continuously increases again, reaching values in excess of +50 deg. Celsius for pressures of about 13,600 atm. (Thus, at these high pressures, melting ice is quite hot.) If the organ, 1, is initially placed into the pressure apparatus at a temperature of typically in the neighborhood of 0 deg. Celsius, applied pressures of about 6,000 atm will be sufficient to cause solidification without additional cooling. Either ice V or ice VI will form depending on the precise conditions, since 0 deg. Celsius is very close to the phase boundary between these two phases (the transition occurring at 0.16 deg. Celsius and 6,174 atm in pure water).
- the sample under high pressure is now cooled to cryogenic temperatures, typically by immersion of the entire pressure vessel in liquid nitrogen or an equivalent cryogenic fluid. Temperatures below -150 deg. Celsius are typically attained. At these temperatures, all biological activity has stopped and the chemistry of the cells has likewise ceased, allowing storage for at least several years.
- the present invention uses rapid release of applied pressure to quench the high pressure phase of ice already formed. Based upon phase diagrams of water, it is thought that the trapped metastable phase of water formed is the metastable phase of ice known as ice Ic. However, other evidence from the physical chemistry of water indicates that other phases of ice (II, VI and IX) are formed at high pressure and low temperature. These phases seem to be themselves metastable in that, upon return to atmospheric pressure, they persist for an indefinite period.
- the process disclosed here is not troubled by the problems of achieving a uniform cooling at all cells throughout a bulk tissue or organ. Since the present process is based upon the propagation of pressure waves through the material (at the speed of sound in the material), pressure uniformity is easily achieved. The pressures used permit enough margin of safety that precise temperature control throughout the sample is not as crucial as in previous methods of preservation.
- the process is reversed.
- the material is reintroduced into the pressure apparatus and placed under applied hydrostatic pressures in excess of 2,100 atm.
- the temperature of the material is then raised, typically in a uniform manner by microwave or radiofrequency heating.
- the pressure is then relieved to recover the viable organ.
Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/796,799 US4688387A (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 | Method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures |
JP61203914A JPS62114901A (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1986-09-01 | Method of preserving and storing biological material |
EP86630168A EP0232672B1 (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1986-11-11 | A method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures |
DE8686630168T DE3675533D1 (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1986-11-11 | METHOD FOR THE CONSERVATION AND STORAGE OF LIVABLE BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES. |
IN928/CAL/86A IN167783B (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1986-12-19 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/796,799 US4688387A (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 | Method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4688387A true US4688387A (en) | 1987-08-25 |
Family
ID=25169085
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/796,799 Expired - Lifetime US4688387A (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 | Method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4688387A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0232672B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62114901A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3675533D1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN167783B (en) |
Cited By (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4799361A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1989-01-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method for cryopreparing biological tissue for ultrastructural analysis |
US4865871A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1989-09-12 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Method for cryopreparing biological tissue |
US4890457A (en) * | 1987-01-02 | 1990-01-02 | Cryolife, Inc. | Method for cryopreserving heart valves |
US4965185A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-10-23 | Grischenko Valentin I | Method for low-temperature preservation of embryos |
US5024830A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1991-06-18 | The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Method for cryopreparing biological tissue for ultrastructural analysis |
WO1991010361A1 (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-07-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Composition to improve survival of biological materials |
US5044165A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1991-09-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Cryo-slammer |
US5100676A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-03-31 | Biosurface Technology, Inc. | Cool storage of cultured epithelial sheets |
WO1993000808A1 (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-01-21 | The American National Red Cross | Computer controlled cryoprotectant perfusion apparatus and method |
US5190880A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1993-03-02 | Robert Cassou | Tube known as straw, for cryogenically preserving biological samples |
US5328821A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-07-12 | Robyn Fisher | Cold and cryo-preservation methods for human tissue slices |
US5336616A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1994-08-09 | Lifecell Corporation | Method for processing and preserving collagen-based tissues for transplantation |
US5348852A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1994-09-20 | Analytical Control Systems Inc. | Diagnostic and therapeutic compositions |
US5358931A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1994-10-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Interaction of thermal hysteresis proteins with cells and cell membranes and associated applications |
US5364756A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1994-11-15 | Lifecell | Method of cryopreserving a suspension of biological material |
US5493865A (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1996-02-27 | Wohlwend; Martin | Method and apparatus for vitrification of water or moisture-containing test samples, particularly biological samples |
US5613982A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1997-03-25 | Cryolife, Inc. | Method of preparing transplant tissue to reduce immunogenicity upon implantation |
US5723282A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1998-03-03 | The American National Red Cross | Method of preparing organs for vitrification |
US5772695A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1998-06-30 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of treatment and use |
EP0853238A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-07-15 | Daniel Dr. Studer | Sample holder for water-containing samples and method for use thereof |
US6269649B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-08-07 | Leica Mikrosysteme Ag | High-pressure freezing system |
US6300130B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2001-10-09 | The General Hospital Corporation And University Of Massachusetts | Ultra rapid freezing for cell cryopreservation |
US6347525B2 (en) | 1996-01-30 | 2002-02-19 | Organogenesis Inc. | Ice seeding apparatus for cryopreservation systems |
US6403376B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2002-06-11 | General Hospital Corporation | Ultra rapid freezing for cell cryopreservation |
US20030054330A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-20 | Fischer Thomas H. | Fixed-dried red blood cells |
US20050287512A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2005-12-29 | Cullis Herbert M | Specimen storing device and method |
US20060070392A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Washington University | Apparatus for freezing a biological sample |
US20060210960A1 (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 2006-09-21 | Lifecell Corporation, A Texas Corporation | Method for processing and preserving collagen-based tissues for transplantation |
DE102005021962A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Specimen holder for high-pressure freezing device, includes first shaped part, and second shaped part defining specimen space which is completely closed to outside such that pressure medium cannot contact the specimen |
US20070231787A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-04 | Voelker Mark A | Methods and devices for imaging and manipulating biological samples |
US20070227719A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-04 | Voelker Mark A | Methods and devices for thawing frozen biological samples |
US7358284B2 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2008-04-15 | Lifecell Corporation | Particulate acellular tissue matrix |
US20080268530A1 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2008-10-30 | Zeikus J Gregory | Pneumatic Bioreactor |
US20090155340A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-06-18 | Research Foundaton At State University Of New York | Method of cell storage in a delivery system |
US20090186405A1 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-23 | Milton Chin | Rapid Chilling Device for Vitrification |
US20100184012A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2010-07-22 | Voelker Mark A | Methods and devices for imaging and manipulating biological samples |
US9255261B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2016-02-09 | Qol Medical Llc | Ultrapure hypoallergenic solutions of sacrosidase |
US10306882B2 (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2019-06-04 | Wei Lou | Biological sample vitrification carrier and usage thereof |
US10531657B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2020-01-14 | Coopersurgical, Inc. | Low temperature specimen carriers and related methods |
WO2021003563A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | CryoStasis Ltd. | Method and apparatus for storage of biological material |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2549770B2 (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1996-10-30 | 積水樹脂株式会社 | Illuminated switch |
GB9202024D0 (en) * | 1992-01-30 | 1992-03-18 | Acton Elizabeth | Process to control the freezing of foodstuffs |
US6413713B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2002-07-02 | Hyperbaric Systems | Method for preserving blood platelets |
JP2006524260A (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2006-10-26 | ヒューマン バイオシステムズ | Improved methods and solutions for donor organ storage |
DK1667517T3 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2010-07-19 | Cryo Innovation Kft | Improvement of survival after thawing cryopreserved biological material by hydrostatic pressure provocation |
AT508582B1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-09-15 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WATER-RESISTANT SAMPLE INCLUDED IN A SAMPLE CONTAINER AND A SAMPLE CONTAINER FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
CN102246743B (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2013-07-10 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 | Biological tissue cryopreservation device |
DE102011115467A1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Apparatus and method for pressure-cryopreserving a biological sample |
FR3062284B1 (en) * | 2017-01-30 | 2020-10-09 | Genialis | PROCESS FOR COOLING A BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL AND ITS CONSERVATION |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2662520A (en) * | 1951-02-06 | 1953-12-15 | Little Inc A | Preservation and storage of biological materials |
US3677024A (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1972-07-18 | Paul E Segall | Preservation and storage of biologic materials |
US4423600A (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1984-01-03 | Mckenna Joan J | Method for preservation of living organic tissue by freezing |
US4462215A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-07-31 | Hoxan Corporation | Method of preserving organ and apparatus for preserving the same |
US4559298A (en) * | 1982-11-23 | 1985-12-17 | American National Red Cross | Cryopreservation of biological materials in a non-frozen or vitreous state |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1527655A (en) * | 1977-04-05 | 1978-10-04 | Boc Ltd | Preservation method |
-
1985
- 1985-11-12 US US06/796,799 patent/US4688387A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-09-01 JP JP61203914A patent/JPS62114901A/en active Pending
- 1986-11-11 EP EP86630168A patent/EP0232672B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-11 DE DE8686630168T patent/DE3675533D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-19 IN IN928/CAL/86A patent/IN167783B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2662520A (en) * | 1951-02-06 | 1953-12-15 | Little Inc A | Preservation and storage of biological materials |
US3677024A (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1972-07-18 | Paul E Segall | Preservation and storage of biologic materials |
US4559298A (en) * | 1982-11-23 | 1985-12-17 | American National Red Cross | Cryopreservation of biological materials in a non-frozen or vitreous state |
US4423600A (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1984-01-03 | Mckenna Joan J | Method for preservation of living organic tissue by freezing |
US4462215A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-07-31 | Hoxan Corporation | Method of preserving organ and apparatus for preserving the same |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
Fahey, G. M. et al.: "Prospects for Organ Preservation by Vitrification", Organ Preservation: Basic and Applied Aspects, Edit. D. E. Pegg, I. A. Jacobson, N. A. Halasz, MTP Press Limited, 1982, pp. 399-404. |
Fahey, G. M. et al.: Prospects for Organ Preservation by Vitrification , Organ Preservation: Basic and Applied Aspects, Edit. D. E. Pegg, I. A. Jacobson, N. A. Halasz, MTP Press Limited, 1982, pp. 399 404. * |
Johnson, F. H. et al: "Kinetic Basis of Molecular Biology", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1954, pp. 286-368. |
Johnson, F. H. et al: Kinetic Basis of Molecular Biology , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1954, pp. 286 368. * |
Mazur, Peter: Fundamental Cryobiology & Preservation of Organs by Freezing, Organ Preservation for Transplantation, Edit: A. M. Karow, Jr. & D. E. Pegg, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2nd Edition, 1981, p. 144. * |
Cited By (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4865871A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1989-09-12 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Method for cryopreparing biological tissue |
US5024830A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1991-06-18 | The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Method for cryopreparing biological tissue for ultrastructural analysis |
US4799361A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1989-01-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method for cryopreparing biological tissue for ultrastructural analysis |
US5044165A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1991-09-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Cryo-slammer |
US4890457A (en) * | 1987-01-02 | 1990-01-02 | Cryolife, Inc. | Method for cryopreserving heart valves |
US4965185A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-10-23 | Grischenko Valentin I | Method for low-temperature preservation of embryos |
US5190880A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1993-03-02 | Robert Cassou | Tube known as straw, for cryogenically preserving biological samples |
WO1991010361A1 (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-07-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Composition to improve survival of biological materials |
JPH089521B2 (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1996-01-31 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティー オブ カリフォルニア | Thermal hysteresis protein isolated and purified from polar fish |
WO1992012722A1 (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1992-08-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Antifreeze glycopeptide compositions to protect cells and tissues during freezing |
US5358931A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1994-10-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Interaction of thermal hysteresis proteins with cells and cell membranes and associated applications |
US5100676A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-03-31 | Biosurface Technology, Inc. | Cool storage of cultured epithelial sheets |
US5348852A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1994-09-20 | Analytical Control Systems Inc. | Diagnostic and therapeutic compositions |
US5780295A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1998-07-14 | Life Cell Corporation | Apparatus for cryopreparation, dry stabilization and rehydration of biological suspensions |
US5336616A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1994-08-09 | Lifecell Corporation | Method for processing and preserving collagen-based tissues for transplantation |
US5364756A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1994-11-15 | Lifecell | Method of cryopreserving a suspension of biological material |
US20060210960A1 (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 2006-09-21 | Lifecell Corporation, A Texas Corporation | Method for processing and preserving collagen-based tissues for transplantation |
US8067149B2 (en) | 1990-09-12 | 2011-11-29 | Lifecell Corporation | Acellular dermal matrix and method of use thereof for grafting |
US6194136B1 (en) | 1990-09-12 | 2001-02-27 | Lifecell Corporation | Cryoprotective solutions comprising DMSO, PG, 2,3-butanediol,raffinose and PVP |
US5863296A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1999-01-26 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of treatment and use |
US5855617A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1999-01-05 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of treatment and use |
US5772695A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1998-06-30 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of treatment and use |
WO1993000808A1 (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-01-21 | The American National Red Cross | Computer controlled cryoprotectant perfusion apparatus and method |
US5962214A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1999-10-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The American National Red Cross | Method of preparing tissues and cells for vitrification |
US5821045A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1998-10-13 | The American National Red Cross | Methods for removal of cryoprotectant from organs prior to transplantation |
US6187529B1 (en) | 1991-07-08 | 2001-02-13 | The American National Red Cross | Method for preparing organs for transplantation after cryopreservation |
US5723282A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1998-03-03 | The American National Red Cross | Method of preparing organs for vitrification |
US5328821A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-07-12 | Robyn Fisher | Cold and cryo-preservation methods for human tissue slices |
US5493865A (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1996-02-27 | Wohlwend; Martin | Method and apparatus for vitrification of water or moisture-containing test samples, particularly biological samples |
US5632778A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1997-05-27 | Cryolife, Inc. | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of preparation |
US5899936A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1999-05-04 | Cryolife, Inc. | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of preparation |
US5843182A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1998-12-01 | Cryolife, Inc. | Treated tissue for implantation and methods of preparation |
US5613982A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1997-03-25 | Cryolife, Inc. | Method of preparing transplant tissue to reduce immunogenicity upon implantation |
US6347525B2 (en) | 1996-01-30 | 2002-02-19 | Organogenesis Inc. | Ice seeding apparatus for cryopreservation systems |
EP0853238A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-07-15 | Daniel Dr. Studer | Sample holder for water-containing samples and method for use thereof |
US6758362B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2004-07-06 | Leica Ag | Specimen holders for hydrous specimens and method of using them |
US7358284B2 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2008-04-15 | Lifecell Corporation | Particulate acellular tissue matrix |
US6300130B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2001-10-09 | The General Hospital Corporation And University Of Massachusetts | Ultra rapid freezing for cell cryopreservation |
US6403376B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2002-06-11 | General Hospital Corporation | Ultra rapid freezing for cell cryopreservation |
US6269649B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-08-07 | Leica Mikrosysteme Ag | High-pressure freezing system |
US6884573B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2005-04-26 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Fixed dried red blood cells and method of use |
US20060083719A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2006-04-20 | Fischer Thomas H | Fixed-dried red blood cells |
US20030054330A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-20 | Fischer Thomas H. | Fixed-dried red blood cells |
US7358039B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2008-04-15 | University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Fixed-dried red blood cells |
US20090155340A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-06-18 | Research Foundaton At State University Of New York | Method of cell storage in a delivery system |
US8021869B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2011-09-20 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Method of cell storage in a delivery system comprising a fibrous matrix |
US20050287512A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2005-12-29 | Cullis Herbert M | Specimen storing device and method |
US7293426B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2007-11-13 | Washington University | Apparatus for freezing a biological sample |
US20060070392A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Washington University | Apparatus for freezing a biological sample |
DE102005021962B4 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2009-08-13 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Sample holder for high pressure freezing samples and high pressure freezer with sample holder |
US20060255520A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Fritz Bierleutgeb | Specimen Holder For Specimens For High-Pressure Freezing And High-Pressure Freezing Device Having A Specimen Holder |
US7632469B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2009-12-15 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Specimen holder for specimens for high-pressure freezing and high-pressure freezing device having a specimen holder |
DE102005021962A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Specimen holder for high-pressure freezing device, includes first shaped part, and second shaped part defining specimen space which is completely closed to outside such that pressure medium cannot contact the specimen |
US20070227719A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-04 | Voelker Mark A | Methods and devices for thawing frozen biological samples |
US20100184012A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2010-07-22 | Voelker Mark A | Methods and devices for imaging and manipulating biological samples |
US20070231787A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-04 | Voelker Mark A | Methods and devices for imaging and manipulating biological samples |
US20080268530A1 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2008-10-30 | Zeikus J Gregory | Pneumatic Bioreactor |
US20090186405A1 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-23 | Milton Chin | Rapid Chilling Device for Vitrification |
US10306882B2 (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2019-06-04 | Wei Lou | Biological sample vitrification carrier and usage thereof |
US9255261B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2016-02-09 | Qol Medical Llc | Ultrapure hypoallergenic solutions of sacrosidase |
US9469847B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2016-10-18 | Qol Medical Llc | Ultrapure hypoallergenic solutions of sacrosidase |
US9849161B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2017-12-26 | Qol Medical Llc | Ultrapure hypoallergenic solutions of sacrosidase |
US10588947B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2020-03-17 | Qol Medical Llc | Ultrapure hypoallergenic solutions of sacrosidase |
US10531657B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2020-01-14 | Coopersurgical, Inc. | Low temperature specimen carriers and related methods |
WO2021003563A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | CryoStasis Ltd. | Method and apparatus for storage of biological material |
EP4106520A4 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2024-02-21 | Cryostasis Inc | Method and apparatus for storage of biological material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0232672B1 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
JPS62114901A (en) | 1987-05-26 |
EP0232672A1 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
IN167783B (en) | 1990-12-22 |
DE3675533D1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4688387A (en) | Method for preservation and storage of viable biological materials at cryogenic temperatures | |
US9877475B2 (en) | Systems and methods for cryopreservation of cells | |
US10271543B2 (en) | Systems and methods for cryopreservation of cells | |
EP2038402B1 (en) | Systems and methods for cryopreservation of cells | |
CA1310588C (en) | Method for cryopreserving heart valves | |
US20100233670A1 (en) | Frozen Viable Solid Organs and Method for Freezing Same | |
CA2209952A1 (en) | Bulk cryopreservation of biological materials and uses for cryopreserved and encapsulated biological materials | |
Farrant | Mechanisms of injury and protection in living cells and tissues at low temperatures | |
RU2688331C1 (en) | Method for cryopreservation of biological samples under pressure and device for its implementation | |
Karow Jr et al. | Survival of dog kidneys subjected to high pressures: necrosis of kidneys after freezing | |
RU2144290C1 (en) | Method of bone marrow preservation | |
Mihara et al. | MRI, Magnetic resonance influenced, organ freezing method under magnetic field | |
AU2009200073B2 (en) | Systems and methods for cryopreservation of cells | |
Rapatz | Some problems associated with the freezing of hearts | |
Ueno et al. | Liver transplantation using liver grafts preserved under high pressure | |
Kayumov et al. | Rat model of heterotopic heart transplantation to investigate relevant donor heart harvesting method | |
WHEELER et al. | A method for freezing rat kidney in situ | |
Arav et al. | Transplantation of whole frozen-thawed ovaries | |
Pegg | Cryobiology-a review | |
Jacobsen | An introduction to the problems of organ cryopreservation | |
Muss et al. | Current opinion: advances in machine perfusion and preservation of vascularized composite allografts–will time still matter? | |
Arnaud | Future in cryopreservation | |
Wolfinbarger et al. | Engineering aspects of cryobiology | |
Karow Jr et al. | Contractile and ultrastructural effects of hypothermia and of high pressure on rat hearts during ischemia | |
Hirsh et al. | Deep supercooling and high pressure as approaches to cryopreservation |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VITAL FORCE, INC., 6611 LIGGETT ROAD, DUBLIN, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CONAWAY, ROBERT M.;REEL/FRAME:004482/0929 Effective date: 19851108 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ADVANCED LASER SERVICES CO., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VITAL FORCE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007824/0152 Effective date: 19960130 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VITAL FORCE, INC., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADVANCED LASER SERVICES CO.;REEL/FRAME:007881/0234 Effective date: 19960318 Owner name: COLEMAN HOLDINGS, INC., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VITAL FORCE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007894/0832 Effective date: 19960326 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |