EP2751494B1 - Method for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanging device - Google Patents
Method for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanging device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2751494B1 EP2751494B1 EP12758795.4A EP12758795A EP2751494B1 EP 2751494 B1 EP2751494 B1 EP 2751494B1 EP 12758795 A EP12758795 A EP 12758795A EP 2751494 B1 EP2751494 B1 EP 2751494B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- heat exchanger
- liquid
- temperature
- exchanger stage
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
- F24F2013/221—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate to avoid the formation of condensate, e.g. dew
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
- F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
- F24F2013/225—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate by evaporating the condensate in the cooling medium, e.g. in air flow from the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/04—Preventing the formation of frost or condensate
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a liquid-air heat exchange device.
- the method is suitable for operating a liquid-air heat exchange apparatus having a passive heat exchange stage in which the air is passed through a first flow channel extending in the vertical direction and the liquid through a second flow channel, the two flow channels in this stage are separated by a thermally passive partition.
- thermally passive means that the exchange of heat takes place without doing any work.
- the flow channels contain a plurality of fins, which are in good thermal communication with the thermally passive partition. The distances between the fins in the air flow channel are small relative to the size of their surface, so that the heat exchange is efficient.
- the air has a high relative humidity, it may happen, especially on hot summer days, that the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid. This causes moisture contained in the air to precipitate as condensate on the fins. Since the size of the heat exchange device is usually subject to narrow limits, it is difficult to form the slats so that the resulting water drips completely and drains, especially in vertical guidance of the air flow. As a result, the water increasingly clogs up the interstices between the lamellae and, as a result of the resulting air resistance, makes the further effective cooling of the air impossible.
- Out GB 2461365 is a central heating system with at least one radiator known, which can also be used for cooling.
- cooling mode the liquid circulating through the radiator is deprived of heat by means of a heat exchanger.
- the extracted heat is released by means of a second heat exchanger to a heat storage.
- the two heat exchangers are part of a compressor-driven heat pump.
- the dew point of the air is detected, and when the detected dew point temperature approaches the temperature of the radiator, cooling performance is reduced.
- the invention has for its object to solve the above problem.
- the invention relates to the operation of a liquid-air heat exchange apparatus having a first flow channel for the air and a second flow channel for the liquid.
- the heat exchange apparatus includes a first passive heat exchange stage in which the first flow channel and the second flow channel are separated by a thermally passive partition, and optionally a second active heat exchange stage in which the air is actively cooled, i. by pumping heat from one side to the other, cooled or heated.
- the thermally passive partition consists of a heat-conducting material.
- a suitable condensate drainage system is advantageously installed.
- the first and second flow channels may also each be a plurality of parallel flow channels.
- the air flow channel or channels contain lamellae.
- the determination of the dew point temperature of the air from the measured temperature T and the measured humidity of the air can be done for example by means of a Mollier diagram.
- h-x-diagram of the air h denotes the enthalpy, x the absolute humidity
- the condition of whether the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid is checked periodically or aperiodically by performing the first part of the process.
- pulsed operation periodically following a phase of accumulation, a phase of condensate removal follows by evaporation, while the cooling of the air continues uninterrupted.
- pulsed operation allows for a temporary accumulation of water between the fins, it still prevents condensate blockage of the fins that would block the air flow, minimizing the water flow switch time and thereby increasing the efficiency of the faucet Heat exchange device.
- the heat exchange device is equipped with the necessary temperature and humidity sensors.
- the step of preventing the liquid from flowing through the first heat exchanging stage causes the Liquid also does not flow through the second heat exchange stage and that the second heat exchange stage is turned off, or the step of preventing the liquid from flowing through the first heat exchange stage, according to a second variant, causes the liquid to bypass the first heat exchange stage (Bypass). so that it can still flow through the second heat exchanger stage.
- the Fig. 1 and 2 show schematically in side view and in plan the necessary for the understanding of the invention parts of a liquid-air heat exchange device 1 with a first, passive heat exchange stage 2 and, optionally, a downstream, active heat exchange stage 3.
- the first heat exchange stage 2 comprises at least one, preferably a plurality of flow channels 4 for the air and at least one, preferably a plurality of flow channels 5 for the liquid.
- the flow channels 4 for the air and the flow channels for the liquid 5 are arranged in alternating sequence and separated by thermally passive, heat well-conducting partitions.
- the flow channels 4 for the air contain a plurality of fins 6, which are in good thermal communication with the thermally passive partitions. The distances between the fins 6 are small so that the heat exchange between the air and the liquid is efficient.
- the flow channels 4 for the air in this example extend in the vertical direction.
- the optional second, active heat exchange stage 3 can be designed in various ways. For example, it may include a refrigeration cycle with a compressor in which a cooling fluid circulates, with the air exchanging heat with the refrigeration circuit.
- the second heat exchange stage 3 is designed so that heat between the liquid and the air can be exchanged by supplying electrical energy, namely by means of at least one Peltier element 10.
- the second heat exchange stage 3 includes at least one flow channel 7 for the air, at least one flow channel 8 for the liquid and the at least one interposed Peltier element 10, which pumps heat from the liquid to the air when the air is to be heated, and which pumps heat from the air to the liquid when the air is to be cooled.
- the liquid in this example does not undergo any change in state of aggregation.
- the air flows between parallel blades 9, which are in good thermal contact with the at least one Peltier element 10.
- the heat exchange device 1 also comprises a valve 11 and optionally a bypass line 12, whose purpose is described below.
- thermoelectric element is often used in the art as a synonym, the term “thermoelectric element” or the term “Peltier heat pump”.
- the thermoelectric elements are based in particular on the Peltier effect, but they can also be based on another thermoelectric effect, such as the principle known as thermo-tunneling ("thermo-tunneling").
- the heat exchange device 1 has an inlet 13 and an outlet 14, which can be connected to an external fluid circuit.
- the circulating liquid in the liquid circuit is heated or cooled by an external, central device to a predetermined temperature.
- the liquid used is usually water or a water-based liquid; but it can also be used any other suitable liquid.
- the flow channels 4 for the air extend in the vertical direction.
- the flow channels for the liquid are designed as a conduit system which connects the inlet 13 and the outlet 14 with each other.
- the heat exchange device 1 also includes a fan and the necessary baffles and guide elements for the positive guidance of the air through the first heat exchanger stage 2 and, if present, the second heat exchanger stage 3, and a flow 15 for condensate accumulating in the second heat exchanger stage 3.
- the flow direction of the liquid is represented by arrows 16, the flow direction of the air by arrows 17.
- the heat exchange device 1 further comprises the sensors necessary for the operation according to the invention, namely at least one temperature sensor 18 for measuring the temperature and a humidity sensor 19 for measuring the humidity of the air, which are arranged in front of the first heat exchanger stage 2, a temperature sensor 20 for the measurement the temperature of the air, which is arranged after the first heat exchanger stage 2, and a control unit 21.
- the temperature of the liquid is either measured by means of a temperature sensor 22, for example arranged at the inlet or transmitted from the external, central device to the control unit 21.
- the control unit 21 evaluates the data transmitted by the sensors and controls both the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 and the at least one Peltier element 10.
- the Fig. 3 shows three superimposed diagrams illustrating the function of time t following features of the inventive method by way of example.
- the middle diagram shows the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2.
- the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 is allowed for a predetermined time period T 1 and then interrupted, wherein the interruption of the flow of liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 either by Closing of the valve 11 or, if the bypass line 12 is present, by switching the valve 11 takes place, so that the liquid flows through the bypass line 12 and thus is guided past the first heat exchanger stage 2.
- the lower diagram shows the current flowing through the at least one Peltier element 10 in the event that the interruption of the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchange stage also causes the interruption of the flow of the liquid through the second heat exchange stage 3.
- the current flowing through the at least one Peltier element 10 is switched off either simultaneously or with a time delay when the flow of liquid through the first heat exchange stage 2 is interrupted, so that the at least one Peltier element 10 does not overheat. In the other case, that the flow of the liquid through the second heat exchange stage 3 is not interrupted, the at least one Peltier element 10 is not turned off.
- the upper diagram shows the course of the temperature of the air after exiting the first heat exchanger stage 2, i. the course of the temperature sensor 20 measured temperature.
- a first temperature increase 23 in the example of 18 ° C to about 22 ° C
- an approximately constant level 24 in the example of about 22 ° C to about 27 ° C.
- the pulse operation is very clearly visible. Since the duration of the individual cycles (one cycle comprises a sequence of phases AD) is typically in the range of a few or several tens of minutes and the dew point temperature of the air usually changes only slowly, the dew point temperature only has to recur now and then during pulse operation measured once every half an hour or per hour, or at other intervals.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Flüssigkeit-Luft Wärmeaustauschgeräts.The invention relates to a method for operating a liquid-air heat exchange device.
Das Verfahren eignet sich zum Betrieb eines Flüssigkeit-Luft Wärmeaustauschgeräts, das eine passive Wärmeaustauschstufe aufweist, in der die Luft durch einen ersten Strömungskanal, der in vertikaler Richtung verläuft, und die Flüssigkeit durch einen zweiten Strömungskanal geführt werden, wobei die beiden Strömungskanäle in dieser Stufe durch eine thermisch passive Trennwand getrennt sind. Der Begriff "thermisch passiv" bedeutet, dass der Austausch von Wärme ohne Verrichtung von Arbeit erfolgt. Die Strömungskanäle enthalten eine Vielzahl von Lamellen, die mit der thermisch passiven Trennwand in guter thermischer Verbindung sind. Die Abstände zwischen den Lamellen im Strömungskanal für die Luft sind relativ zur Größe ihrer Oberfläche gering, damit der Wärmeaustausch effizient ist.The method is suitable for operating a liquid-air heat exchange apparatus having a passive heat exchange stage in which the air is passed through a first flow channel extending in the vertical direction and the liquid through a second flow channel, the two flow channels in this stage are separated by a thermally passive partition. The term "thermally passive" means that the exchange of heat takes place without doing any work. The flow channels contain a plurality of fins, which are in good thermal communication with the thermally passive partition. The distances between the fins in the air flow channel are small relative to the size of their surface, so that the heat exchange is efficient.
Wenn die Luft eine hohe relative Luftfeuchtigkeit aufweist, kann es, insbesondere an heissen Sommertagen, vorkommen, dass die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft höher ist als die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit. Dies führt dazu, dass in der Luft enthaltene Feuchtigkeit sich als Kondensat an den Lamellen niederschlägt. Da die Baugrösse des Wärmeaustauschgeräts in der Regel engen Grenzen unterliegt, ist es schwierig, die Lamellen so auszubilden, dass das entstandene Wasser vollständig abtropft und abfliesst, insbesondere bei vertikaler Führung des Luftstroms. Dies führt dazu, dass das Wasser die Zwischenräume zwischen den Lamellen zusehends verstopft und infolge des entstehenden Luftwiderstandes die weitere wirksame Kühlung der Luft verunmöglicht.If the air has a high relative humidity, it may happen, especially on hot summer days, that the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid. This causes moisture contained in the air to precipitate as condensate on the fins. Since the size of the heat exchange device is usually subject to narrow limits, it is difficult to form the slats so that the resulting water drips completely and drains, especially in vertical guidance of the air flow. As a result, the water increasingly clogs up the interstices between the lamellae and, as a result of the resulting air resistance, makes the further effective cooling of the air impossible.
Aus
Aus
Die aus diesem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen haben alle zum Ziel, das Ansammlung von Kondensat zu verhindern, und erreichen dies durch eine Reduzierung der Kühlleistung oder eine Unterbrechung des Kühlbetriebs.The solutions known from this prior art all aim to prevent the accumulation of condensate and achieve this by reducing the cooling capacity or interrupting the cooling operation.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das genannte Problem zu beheben.The invention has for its object to solve the above problem.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The above object is achieved according to the invention by the features of
Die Erfindung betrifft den Betrieb eines Flüssigkeit-Luft Wärmeaustauschgeräts, das einen ersten Strömungskanal für die Luft und einen zweiten Strömungskanal für die Flüssigkeit aufweist. Das Wärmeaustauschgerät enthält eine erste passive Wärmeaustauschstufe, in der der erste Strömungskanal und der zweite Strömungskanal durch eine thermisch passive Trennwand getrennt sind, und fakultativ eine zweite aktive Wärmeaustauschstufe, in der die Luft auf aktive Weise, d.h. durch Pumpen von Wärme von einer Seite auf die andere, gekühlt oder erwärmt wird. Die thermisch passive Trennwand besteht aus einem Wärme gut leitenden Material. In der zweiten Wärmeaustauschstufe ist mit Vorteil ein passendes Kondensatablaufsystem eingebaut. Der erste und zweite Strömungskanal können auch jeder eine Vielzahl von parallel verlaufenden Strömungskanälen sein. Der bzw. die Strömungskanäle für die Luft enthalten Lamellen.The invention relates to the operation of a liquid-air heat exchange apparatus having a first flow channel for the air and a second flow channel for the liquid. The heat exchange apparatus includes a first passive heat exchange stage in which the first flow channel and the second flow channel are separated by a thermally passive partition, and optionally a second active heat exchange stage in which the air is actively cooled, i. by pumping heat from one side to the other, cooled or heated. The thermally passive partition consists of a heat-conducting material. In the second heat exchange stage, a suitable condensate drainage system is advantageously installed. The first and second flow channels may also each be a plurality of parallel flow channels. The air flow channel or channels contain lamellae.
Die Erfindung schlägt ein Verfahren vor, um die genannte Aufgabe zu lösen. Das Verfahren umfasst zwei Teile, nämlich einen ersten Teil, in dem ermittelt wird, ob die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft höher als die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit ist. Dies erfolgt durch folgende Schritte:
- Ermitteln der Taupunkttemperatur der Umgebungsluft, d.h. der Taupunkttemperatur der Luft bevor sie in die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe eintritt,
- Vergleichen der ermittelten Taupunkttemperatur der Luft mit der gemessenen oder von einem übergeordneten Steuergerät übermittelten Temperatur der Flüssigkeit.
- Determining the dew point temperature of the ambient air, ie the dew point temperature of the air before it enters the first heat exchanger stage,
- Compare the determined dew point temperature of the air with the measured or transmitted by a higher-level control unit temperature of the liquid.
Die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft kann beispielsweise ermittelt werden durch:
- Messen der Temperatur der Luft und der Feuchtigkeit der Luft vor dem Eintritt der Luft in die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe, sowie anschließendes
- Bestimmen der Taupunkttemperatur der Luft aus der gemessenen Temperatur und der gemessenen Feuchtigkeit der Luft.
- Measuring the temperature of the air and the humidity of the air before entering the air in the first heat exchange stage, and then
- Determine the dew point temperature of the air from the measured temperature and the measured humidity of the air.
Die Bestimmung der Taupunkttemperatur der Luft aus der gemessenen Temperatur T und der gemessenen Feuchtigkeit der Luft kann beispielsweise mittels eines Mollier-Diagramms erfolgen.The determination of the dew point temperature of the air from the measured temperature T and the measured humidity of the air can be done for example by means of a Mollier diagram.
Die Taupunkttemperatur, bezeichnet als Tp1, kann alternativ durch Berechnung mittels der Gleichung
Es können auch zwei andere Grössen des h-x-Diagramms der Luft (h bezeichnet die Enthalpie, x die absolute Feuchtigkeit) gemessen werden, beispielsweise zwei aus der Trockenkugeltemperatur, Feuchtkugeltemperatur, spezifische Enthalpie und Dichte der Luft, und daraus die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft ermittelt werden.It is also possible to measure two other quantities of the h-x-diagram of the air (h denotes the enthalpy, x the absolute humidity), for example two from the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, specific enthalpy and density of the air, and from this the dew point temperature of the air can be determined.
Wenn und solange die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft höher als die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit ist, wird der zweite Teil des Verfahrens durchgeführt, der darin besteht, das Wärmeaustauschgerät in einem als Pulsbetrieb bezeichneten Betriebsmodus zu betreiben. Der Pulsbetrieb umfasst die folgenden, sich laufend in der gleichen Reihenfolge wiederholenden Schritte:
- die Flüssigkeit während einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe strömen lassen,
- Verhindern, dass die Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe strömt, und Messen und Überwachen der Lufttemperatur nach dem Austritt aus der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe, wobei die nach dem Austritt aus der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe gemessene Lufttemperatur einen ersten Temperaturanstieg anzeigt, dann eine gewisse Zeit auf einem in guter Näherung konstanten Niveau bleibt, das der Feuchtkugeltemperatur der Zuluft entspricht, und dann einen zweiten Temperaturanstieg anzeigt,
- Detektieren des zweiten Temperaturanstiegs und Beenden des Verhinderns, dass die Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe strömt, nachdem der zweite Temperaturanstieg detektiert wurde, und
- Wiederholen dieser Schritte solange die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft höher ist als die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit.
- allowing the liquid to flow through the first heat exchange stage for a predetermined period of time,
- Preventing the liquid from flowing through the first heat exchange stage, and measuring and monitoring the air temperature after exiting the first heat exchange stage, wherein the air temperature measured after exiting the first heat exchange stage indicates a first temperature rise, then for a time on a good approximation constant level, which corresponds to the wet bulb temperature of the supply air, and then indicates a second temperature rise,
- Detecting the second temperature rise and stopping the liquid from flowing through the first heat exchange stage after the second temperature rise has been detected, and stopping
- Repeat these steps as long as the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid.
Im Pulsbetrieb wird die Bedingung, ob die Taupunkttemperatur der Luft höher als die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit ist, periodisch oder aperiodisch überprüft, indem der erste Teil des Verfahrens durchgeführt wird.In pulsed operation, the condition of whether the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid is checked periodically or aperiodically by performing the first part of the process.
Im Pulsbetrieb folgt periodisch auf eine Phase der Ansammlung eine Phase der Entfernung von Kondensat durch Verdunsten, während die Kühlung der Luft ununterbrochen weitergeht. Der Pulsbetrieb lässt zwar eine temporäre Ansammlung von Wasser zwischen den Lamellen zu, verhindert aber dennoch die Verstopfung der Lamellen durch Kondensat, die zu einer Sperrung des Luftstroms führen würde, reduziert die Zeit der Wasserflussauschaltung auf ein Minimum und erhöht dadurch die Effizienz des Wärmeaustauschgeräts.In pulsed operation periodically following a phase of accumulation, a phase of condensate removal follows by evaporation, while the cooling of the air continues uninterrupted. Although pulsed operation allows for a temporary accumulation of water between the fins, it still prevents condensate blockage of the fins that would block the air flow, minimizing the water flow switch time and thereby increasing the efficiency of the faucet Heat exchange device.
Damit das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann, ist das Wärmeaustauschgerät mit den dazu notwendigen Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitssensoren ausgerüstet.So that the inventive method can be carried out, the heat exchange device is equipped with the necessary temperature and humidity sensors.
Wenn das Wärmeaustauschgerät eine zweite, aktive Stufe umfasst, in der Wärme zwischen der Flüssigkeit und der Luft durch Zufuhr von Energie gepumpt wird, dann bewirkt der Schritt des Verhinderns, dass die Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe strömt, gemäss einer ersten Variante zudem, dass die Flüssigkeit auch nicht durch die zweite Wärmeaustauschstufe strömt und dass die zweite Wärmeaustauschstufe ausgeschaltet wird, oder der Schritt des Verhinderns, dass die Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe strömt, bewirkt gemäss einer zweiten Variante, dass die Flüssigkeit an der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe vorbei geführt wird (Bypass), so dass sie dennoch durch die zweite Wärmeaustauschstufe strömen kann.In addition, when the heat exchanging apparatus comprises a second active stage in which heat is pumped between the liquid and the air by supplying energy, the step of preventing the liquid from flowing through the first heat exchanging stage, according to a first variant, causes the Liquid also does not flow through the second heat exchange stage and that the second heat exchange stage is turned off, or the step of preventing the liquid from flowing through the first heat exchange stage, according to a second variant, causes the liquid to bypass the first heat exchange stage (Bypass). so that it can still flow through the second heat exchanger stage.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die Figuren sind nicht massstäblich gezeichnet.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawing. The figures are not drawn to scale.
- Fig. 1, 2Fig. 1, 2
- zeigen schematisch in seitlicher Ansicht bzw. in Aufsicht die für das Verständnis der Erfindung erforderlichen Teile eines Flüssigkeit-Luft Wärmeaustauschgeräts, das für den Betrieb gemäss dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eingerichtet ist, undshow schematically in side view and in plan the necessary for the understanding of the invention parts of a liquid-air heat exchange apparatus, which is adapted for operation according to the inventive method, and
- Fig. 3Fig. 3
- zeigt drei Diagramme zur Illustration des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens.shows three diagrams to illustrate the inventive method.
Die
Die fakultative zweite, aktive Wärmeaustauschstufe 3 kann auf verschiedene Weisen ausgebildet sein. Sie kann beispielsweise einen Kühlkreislauf mit einem Kompressor enthalten, in dem eine Kühlflüssigkeit zirkuliert, wobei die Luft mit dem Kühlkreislauf Wärme austauscht.The optional second, active
Bei dem in den
Das Wärmeaustauschgerät 1 umfasst zudem ein Ventil 11 und fakultativ eine Bypassleitung 12, deren Zweck weiter unten beschrieben ist.The
Für den Begriff "Peltierelement" wird in der Fachwelt oft wie ein Synonym der Begriff "thermoelektrisches Element" oder der Begriff "Peltier-Wärmepumpe" verwendet. Die thermoelektrischen Elemente basieren insbesondere auf dem Peltier-Effekt, sie können aber auch auf einem anderen thermoelektrischen Effekt wie beispielsweise dem als Thermotunnelung (engl. "thermo tunneling") bekannten Prinzip beruhen.For the term "Peltier element" is often used in the art as a synonym, the term "thermoelectric element" or the term "Peltier heat pump". The thermoelectric elements are based in particular on the Peltier effect, but they can also be based on another thermoelectric effect, such as the principle known as thermo-tunneling ("thermo-tunneling").
Das Wärmeaustauschgerät 1 weist einen Einlass 13 und einen Auslass 14 auf, die an einen externen Flüssigkeitskreislauf anschliessbar sind. Die im Flüssigkeitskreislauf zirkulierende Flüssigkeit wird von einem externen, zentralen Gerät auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur erwärmt oder gekühlt. Die verwendete Flüssigkeit ist üblicherweise Wasser oder eine Flüssigkeit auf Wasserbasis; es kann aber auch jede andere geeignete Flüssigkeit verwendet werden. Die Strömungskanäle 4 für die Luft verlaufen in senkrechter Richtung. Die Strömungskanäle für die Flüssigkeit sind als Leitungssystem ausgelegt, das den Einlass 13 und den Auslass 14 miteinander verbindet. Das Wärmeaustauschgerät 1 enthält zudem ein Gebläse sowie die nötigen Leitbleche und Führungselemente für die Zwangsführung der Luft durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 und, sofern vorhanden, die zweite Wärmeaustauschstufe 3, sowie einen Ablauf 15 für in der zweiten Wärmeaustauschstufe 3 anfallendes Kondensat. Die Strömungsrichtung der Flüssigkeit ist durch Pfeile 16, die Strömungsrichtung der Luft durch Pfeile 17 dargestellt.The
Das Wärmeaustauschgerät 1 umfasst weiter die für den erfindungsgemässen Betrieb notwendigen Sensoren, nämlich mindestens einen Temperatursensor 18 für die Messung der Temperatur und einen Feuchtigkeitssensor 19 für die Messung der Feuchtigkeit der Luft, die vor der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 angeordnet sind, einen Temperatursensor 20 für die Messung der Temperatur der Luft, der nach der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 angeordnet ist, und ein Steuergerät 21. Die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit wird entweder mittels eines beispielsweise beim Einlass angeordneten Temperatursensors 22 gemessen oder vom externen, zentralen Gerät an das Steuergerät 21 übermittelt. Das Steuergerät 21 wertet die von den Sensoren übermittelten Daten aus und steuert sowohl den Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 als auch das mindestens eine Peltierelement 10.The
Die
Das mittlere Diagramm zeigt den Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe 2. Der Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 wird jeweils während einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer T1 zugelassen und dann unterbrochen, wobei das Unterbrechen des Durchflusses der Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 entweder durch Schliessen des Ventils 11 oder, wenn die Bypassleitung 12 vorhanden ist, durch Umschalten des Ventils 11 erfolgt, so dass die Flüssigkeit durch die Bypassleitung 12 strömt und somit an der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 vorbei geführt wird.The middle diagram shows the flow of the liquid through the first
Das untere Diagramm zeigt den durch das mindestens eine Peltierelement 10 fliessenden Strom im Fall, dass das Unterbrechen des Durchflusses der Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe auch das Unterbrechen des Durchflusses der Flüssigkeit durch die zweite Wärmeaustauschstufe 3 bewirkt. Der durch das mindestens eine Peltierelement 10 fliessende Strom wird jeweils dann, wenn der Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die erste Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 unterbrochen wird, entweder gleichzeitig oder mit einer zeitlichen Verzögerung ausgeschaltet, damit das mindestens eine Peltierelement 10 nicht überhitzt. Im anderen Fall, dass der Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die zweite Wärmeaustauschstufe 3 nicht unterbrochen wird, wird das mindestens eine Peltierelement 10 nicht ausgeschaltet.The lower diagram shows the current flowing through the at least one
Das obere Diagramm zeigt den Verlauf der Temperatur der Luft nach dem Austritt aus der ersten Wärmeaustauschstufe 2, d.h. den Verlauf der vom Temperatursensor 20 gemessenen Temperatur. Deutlich erkennbar sind ein erster Temperaturanstieg 23 (im Beispiel von 18 °C auf ca. 22 °C), ein annähernd konstantes Niveau 24 und ein zweiter Temperaturanstieg 25 (im Beispiel von ca. 22 °C auf ca. 27 °C).The upper diagram shows the course of the temperature of the air after exiting the first
Der im oberen Diagramm gezeigte Verlauf der Temperatur besteht aus den folgenden, sich wiederholenden Phasen A-D:
- Phase A: Der Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die erste
Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 ist nicht unterbrochen:- Die Luft wird gekühlt, im Beispiel auf ca. 18 °C. Im Laufe der Zeit kondensiert Wasser zwischen
den Lamellen 6, das den Strömungswiderstand der Luft zunehmend erhöht.
- Die Luft wird gekühlt, im Beispiel auf ca. 18 °C. Im Laufe der Zeit kondensiert Wasser zwischen
- Phasen B bis D: Der Durchfluss der Flüssigkeit durch die erste
Wärmeaustauschstufe 2 ist unterbrochen. Phase B: Die Temperatur der Luft steigt an auf das annähernd konstante Niveau 24. - Phase C: Die Temperatur der Luft verharrt
auf dem Niveau 24, da das zwischenden Lamellen 6 angesammelte Wasser verdunstet und dabei die Luft adiabatisch kühlt. - Phase D: Die Temperatur der Luft steigt weiter an, sobald das Wasser zwischen
den Lamellen 6 verdunstet ist.
- Phase A: The flow of the liquid through the first
heat exchanger stage 2 is not interrupted:- The air is cooled, in the example to approx. 18 ° C. Over time, water condenses between the
fins 6, which increasingly increases the flow resistance of the air.
- The air is cooled, in the example to approx. 18 ° C. Over time, water condenses between the
- Phases B to D: The flow of the liquid through the first
heat exchanger stage 2 is interrupted. Phase B: The temperature of the air rises to the approximatelyconstant level 24. - Phase C: The temperature of the air remains at
level 24, since that between thefins 6 accumulated water evaporates while the air cools adiabatically. - Phase D: The temperature of the air continues to rise as soon as the water between the
lamellae 6 has evaporated.
In der
Claims (4)
- Method for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanger device, in which air flows through at least one first flow channel (4) at least in a first passive heat exchanger stage (2), which flow channel comprises plate fins (6), and a liquid flows through at least one second flow channel (5) which is separated from the at least one first flow channel (4) by a thermally passive separating wall, the method comprising the following steps:determining the dew point temperature of the ambient air;determining whether the dew point temperature of the ambient air is higher than the temperature of the liquid, and if this is the case operating the heat exchanger device in an operating mode designated as pulsed operation according to the following steps:allowing the liquid to flow through the first heat exchanger stage (2) during a predetermined period of time;preventing that the liquid flows through the first heat exchanger stage (2), and measuring and monitoring the temperature of the air after exiting of the air from the first heat exchanger stage, wherein the temperature of the air measured after exiting the first heat exchanger stage (2) indicates a first temperature increase, remains subsequently at an approximately constant level for a specific period of time, and then shows a second temperature increase;detecting the second temperature increase and terminating the preventing that liquid flows through the first heat exchanger stage (2) once the second temperature increase was detected, andrepeating these steps as long as the dew point temperature of the ambient air is higher than the temperature of the liquid.
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dew point temperature of the ambient air is determined by
measuring the temperature of the air and the humidity of the air before entrance of the air into the first heat exchanger stage (2), and
determining the dew point temperature of the air from the measured temperature and the measured humidity of the air. - Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which heat is pumped between the liquid and the air by supply of energy in a second active heat exchanger stage (2), characterized in that the step of preventing that the liquid flows through the first heat exchanger stage (2) also ensures that the liquid does not flow through the second heat exchanger stage (3), and that the second heat exchanger stage (3) is deactivated.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which heat is exchanged between the liquid and the air by supply of energy in a second active heat exchanger stage (2), characterized in that the step of preventing that the liquid flows through the first heat exchanger stage (2) ensures that the liquid bypasses the first heat exchanger stage (2) so that it can still flow through the second heat exchanger stage (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01423/11A CH705453B1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Method of operating a liquid-to-air heat exchange device. |
PCT/EP2012/066409 WO2013030080A2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2012-08-23 | Method for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanging device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2751494A2 EP2751494A2 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
EP2751494B1 true EP2751494B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
Family
ID=46845710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12758795.4A Not-in-force EP2751494B1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2012-08-23 | Method for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanging device |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140216710A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2751494B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2014529054A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20140059215A (en) |
CN (1) | CN103765121B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014004693A2 (en) |
CH (1) | CH705453B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2565815T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2014112116A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013030080A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3026349B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2018-01-12 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEAT EXCHANGER OF AN AIR CONDITIONING AND HEATING DEVICE IN PARTICULAR OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
CN111939421A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-17 | 天津怡和嘉业医疗科技有限公司 | Ventilation therapy device |
CN114383285B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-10-20 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Method and device for controlling air conditioner, air conditioner and storage medium |
WO2024030555A1 (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2024-02-08 | Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. | Drift detection apparatus, system, and method |
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DE4006500A1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-09-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Vehicular side-window demister including warm air distributor - generates thermally insulating boundary layer to rearward of arrays of horizontal nozzles on side-door pillars |
FI88650C (en) * | 1991-04-09 | 1993-06-10 | Halton Oy | Method of controlling an air conditioner and an air conditioner according to this method |
JPH06307679A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1994-11-01 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Radiational cooling apparatus |
JP3351307B2 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 2002-11-25 | 日立プラント建設株式会社 | Refrigerant natural circulation heat exchange system |
US6470697B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2002-10-29 | Denso Corporation | Air-conditioning system for vehicles |
JP3565138B2 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2004-09-15 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP4043756B2 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2008-02-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner and control method thereof |
US6705089B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-03-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Two stage cooling system employing thermoelectric modules |
KR20040017920A (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Condensate drainage of heat exchanger |
JP4014491B2 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2007-11-28 | シャープ株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP2005178405A (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-07-07 | Zexel Valeo Climate Control Corp | Air conditioner |
JP3709482B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioning system |
CN101044358B (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-04-14 | 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 | Insulation system with condensate wicking for vertical applications |
US7574871B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2009-08-18 | Research Products Corporation | Systems and methods for whole-house dehumidification based on dew point measurements |
CN2844754Y (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2006-12-06 | 上海约顿机房设备有限公司 | Air conditioner with temperature and humidity adjusting precisively |
US8301335B2 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2012-10-30 | Chrysler Group Llc | Efficient AC operation using dew-point temperature |
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JP5296655B2 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2013-09-25 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | Gas temperature and humidity control method and gas supply device |
US20110259573A1 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-10-27 | Gac Corporation | Cooling system |
US7905096B1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-03-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dehumidifying and re-humidifying air cooling for an electronics rack |
US20120090808A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-19 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa, Incorporated | Liquid cooling of remote or off-grid electronic enclosures |
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JP2013088031A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Cooling system, and method for controlling the same |
-
2011
- 2011-08-31 CH CH01423/11A patent/CH705453B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-08-23 ES ES12758795.4T patent/ES2565815T3/en active Active
- 2012-08-23 WO PCT/EP2012/066409 patent/WO2013030080A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-08-23 KR KR1020147005384A patent/KR20140059215A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-08-23 BR BR112014004693A patent/BR112014004693A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-08-23 US US14/342,363 patent/US20140216710A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-23 EP EP12758795.4A patent/EP2751494B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-08-23 JP JP2014527593A patent/JP2014529054A/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-23 CN CN201280042463.3A patent/CN103765121B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-08-23 RU RU2014112116/12A patent/RU2014112116A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2014112116A (en) | 2015-10-10 |
KR20140059215A (en) | 2014-05-15 |
CH705453A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 |
CN103765121B (en) | 2016-07-06 |
CN103765121A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
BR112014004693A2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
US20140216710A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
WO2013030080A3 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
CH705453B1 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
JP2014529054A (en) | 2014-10-30 |
EP2751494A2 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
WO2013030080A2 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
ES2565815T3 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
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