EP2608974A1 - Heating/cooling device and method for operating a heating/cooling device - Google Patents
Heating/cooling device and method for operating a heating/cooling deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP2608974A1 EP2608974A1 EP11799612.4A EP11799612A EP2608974A1 EP 2608974 A1 EP2608974 A1 EP 2608974A1 EP 11799612 A EP11799612 A EP 11799612A EP 2608974 A1 EP2608974 A1 EP 2608974A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant circuit
- heating
- air heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3213—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency in a vehicle heat pump
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heating / cooling device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a heating / cooling device according to the preamble of claim 7.
- Heating / cooling devices and methods for their operation are known.
- heating / cooling devices are used to bring the internal temperature of a passenger compartment to a comfortable level, preferably to regulate to a predetermined temperature.
- a separate heating and a separate cooling device is typically provided, which are activated or deactivated separately from each other as needed.
- the cooling device comprises a refrigerant circuit which comprises a compressor, a gas cooler, an evaporator and an expansion valve arranged between the gas cooler and the evaporator.
- known devices show that the various heat sources and heat sinks that are available in a vehicle are not or at least not optimally interconnected, so that no synergy effects arise.
- additional heat sources such as an electric heater, are provided. Especially for vehicles with electric drive, this leads to an increased energy demand and thus at the same time to a lower range.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a heating / cooling device for vehicles, in which the possible heat sources and Heat sinks of the vehicle, in particular of an electric vehicle, are connected so that they are optimally usable, whereby significant synergy effects and energy savings can be realized.
- a heating / cooling device is provided with the features of claim 1. This is characterized in that the gas cooler with a first liquid refrigerant circuit and the evaporator cooperates with a second liquid-refrigerant circuit, wherein an indoor heat exchanger is the first or the second liquid-refrigerant circuit can be assigned, and wherein an outside air heat exchanger is assignable to the first or second liquid coolant circuit. Due to the fact that the two heat exchangers can each be assigned to the first or the second liquid coolant circuit, the various heat sources and heat sinks of the vehicle can be interconnected and therefore optimally utilized.
- a heating / cooling device is preferred in which, in a heating mode, the first liquid-coolant circuit interacts with the interior heat exchanger and the second liquid-coolant circuit interacts with the outside air heat exchanger.
- the outdoor air heat exchanger is used as a heat source for heating operation. He is thus deprived of heat.
- the first liquid-coolant Combined circuit with both the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor air heat exchanger.
- the outdoor air heat exchanger is connected as a heat sink and can be de-iced.
- the first liquid-coolant circuit preferably interacts with the outside-air heat exchanger and the second liquid-coolant circuit with the interior heat exchanger.
- the evaporator can then be used as a heat sink for cooling the interior.
- the first liquid-refrigerant circuit cooperates with a valve device, by means of which the liquid coolant can be supplied to the interior heat exchanger, the outside air heat exchanger or both, depending on the operating mode.
- the second liquid-coolant circuit preferably cooperates with a valve device, by means of which the liquid coolant can be supplied to the outside air heat exchanger, the interior heat exchanger or none of the heat exchangers, depending on the operating mode.
- the compressor In the heating mode and in the cooling mode, the compressor is preferably associated with the liquid coolant circuit which cooperates with the outside air heat exchanger. As a result, in particular during cooling operation, its operating heat can be dissipated. In heating operation, the waste heat of the compressor is preferably included in the heating power supplied to the indoor heat exchanger.
- a heating / cooling device is also preferred in which the first or the second liquid-coolant circuit interacts with a third liquid-coolant circuit.
- This serves for temperature control of an electrical storage element.
- This may be an accumulator and / or a battery in particular for Supplying an electrical drive of the vehicle with electrical power act. Since the electrical storage element reacts very sensitively to temperature changes, it makes sense to temper it or to keep its temperature as constant as possible in an optimum range.
- a heating / cooling device is preferred in which an electric motor of the vehicle is assigned to the first or the second liquid-coolant circuit, so that it acts in particular as a heat source or optionally as a heat sink.
- the electric motor is therefore preferably included as a heat-releasing or optionally also heat-absorbing element in the temperature budget of the heating / cooling device.
- the object of the invention is also to provide a method for operating a heating / cooling device according to one of claims 1 to 6, by which existing in the vehicle heat sources and heat sinks are interconnected so that they can be used optimally.
- the outside air heat exchanger is assigned to the second liquid-refrigerant circuit as a heat source. This can - as already described - ice. Therefore, in a de-icing operation, the outdoor air heat exchanger is assigned to the first liquid-refrigerant circuit as a heat sink. This makes defrosting of the outdoor air heat exchanger possible. In a cooling mode, the outdoor air heat exchanger is assigned to the first liquid-refrigerant circuit as a heat sink. In this way, in particular, the heat released in the gas cooler can be dissipated.
- the waste heat of the electric motor is then available and is included in the heating power supplied to the indoor heat exchanger.
- the heating / cooling device is switched to the de-icing mode when icing of the outdoor air heat exchanger is detected.
- an icing of the outdoor air heat exchanger is determined as follows:
- the outdoor air heat exchanger cooperates with the second liquid coolant circuit as a heat source.
- a first temporal temperature gradient is detected.
- An alternative heat source preferably the electric motor, cooperates with the second liquid coolant circuit.
- a second temporal temperature gradient is recorded.
- the detected temperature gradients are compared, and icing of the outdoor air heat exchanger is detected when the first temperature gradient is steeper than the second temperature gradient.
- the steeper course of the first gradient indicates that when the outdoor air heat exchanger is used as the heat source, the measured temperature drops faster because heat can not be absorbed quickly enough from the environment due to the insulating ice layer.
- the system switches over to the de-icing mode when the corresponding steeper gradient is detected.
- detecting the temperature gradients preference is given to using measuring sensors which are used in any case to control the heating / cooling device. These may be associated with the liquid-refrigerant circuit or the refrigerant circuit. Particularly preferably, sensors are used which are provided relatively close, preferably directly on the two heat sources investigated. As a result, their behavior can be determined particularly accurately.
- the measuring sensors are fastened directly to the heat sources, it is possible to detect both gradients-preferably simultaneously or parallel to one another, ie overlapping in time-while both heat sources are assigned to the second fluid-coolant circuit.
- At least the outside air heat exchanger is taken out of the second liquid refrigerant circuit when the temperature gradient of the alternative heat source is detected.
- the gradients are then measured successively.
- only that heat source is assigned to the second liquid-coolant circuit for which the temperature gradient is currently being measured. It is thus possible to measure the first and second temperature gradients successively or simultaneously or in parallel, for example overlapping in time.
- icing of the outside air heat exchanger is detected by at least one sensor, preferably an optical sensor.
- the optical sensor is arranged so that it can detect an ice layer on the outside air heat exchanger immediately.
- the sensor may be provided alternatively or in addition to an evaluation of the temperature gradient.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the liquid-refrigerant circuits of an embodiment of a heating / cooling device in a first operating state
- Figure 2 shows the embodiment of Figure 1 in a second
- Figure 3 shows the embodiment of Figure 1 in a third
- Figure 4 shows the embodiment of Figure 1 in a fourth
- Figure 5 shows the embodiment of Figure 1 in a fifth
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the liquid coolant circuits of an embodiment of a heating / cooling device in an operating condition in which the interior of a motor vehicle is heated and preferably an electrical storage element is cooled. Not shown is the cold medium cycle of the cooling device covered by the heating / cooling device.
- This comprises a compressor 3, a gas cooler 5 and an evaporator 7, wherein an expansion valve is arranged between the gas cooler and the evaporator.
- the refrigerant used is preferably carbon dioxide or another common refrigerant.
- the liquid-coolant circuits shown in FIG. 1 preferably comprise water and glycol, in particular a water-glycol mixture, as the liquid coolant.
- Other liquid coolants are possible.
- the gas cooler 5 interacts with a first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 shown here in a high-dashed line, and the evaporator 7 cooperates with a second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 shown here in phantom.
- the heating / cooling device comprises an interior heat exchanger 17, preferably flowed through by air, which can be assigned to the first or the second liquid-coolant circuit 9, 11. It also comprises a preferably through-flow of air outside air heat exchanger 19, which is also the first or the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 9, 11 can be assigned. It is provided a valve device which cooperates with the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 so that the liquid coolant depending on the mode of the indoor heat exchanger 17, the outside air heat exchanger 19 or both can be fed. Correspondingly, a valve device is provided which cooperates with the second liquid coolant circuit 11 so that the liquid coolant can be supplied to the outside air heat exchanger 19, the interior heat exchanger 17 or none of the heat exchangers, depending on the operating mode.
- valve device or the valve devices preferably comprise at least one valve, more preferably a plurality of valves.
- various switching and switching valves are provided, which together form a valve device which provides the described functionality.
- the number and type as well as the arrangement of the valves may vary. It is essential that the functionality explained in connection with the present exemplary embodiment is ensured.
- the refrigerant is compressed in the compressor 3, whereby it heats up strongly. It reaches the gas cooler 5, where it gives off a large part of the heat absorbed in the compressor 3 to the liquid coolant.
- an intermediate heat exchanger is arranged behind the gas cooler, where the refrigerant gives off heat to refrigerant flowing back to the compressor 3. From there, the compressed and pre-cooled refrigerant reaches an expansion valve, where it is released. It cools down strongly. It continues to the evaporator 7, where there is heat from receives the liquid coolant. From there, it preferably flows via the intermediate heat exchanger, where it absorbs further heat from the refrigerant coming from the gas cooler 5, back to the compressor 3.
- an expansion tank or tank for the refrigerant is provided behind the evaporator.
- the fluid flowing to the pump 13 has absorbed heat from the hot, compressed refrigerant. Therefore, the hottest point of the heating / cooling device is quasi - seen in the flow direction - behind the gas cooler 5 and in front of the pump 13. From this, the liquid coolant is conveyed to a switching valve 21, which - like all mentioned below switching valves - has an unmarked connection and two connections, one marked A and one marked B. In heating mode, the connection between the unmarked and the A marked port is enabled while port B is disabled.
- two switching states can be realized in the switching valves, wherein in the switching states one of the marked terminals is connected to the non-labeled terminal, while the third terminal is blocked.
- the liquid coolant passes from the switching valve 21 to the indoor heat exchanger 17, where it at least partially transfers its heat to the passenger compartment, preferably to an air stream flowing to the passenger compartment. It continues to flow to a switching valve 23 whose unmarked port is connected to port A. The connection marked B is disabled. The liquid coolant therefore flows from the valve 23 back to the gas cooler 5, where it in turn receives heat from the compressed, hot refrigerant.
- the liquid coolant in the second liquid coolant circuit 11 flows from the evaporator 7 via the pump 15 to a switching valve 25. It has given off heat in the evaporator 7 to the expanded, cold refrigerant. The coldest point of the heating / cooling device is therefore quasi - seen in the flow direction - behind the evaporator 7 and in front of the pump 15th
- the unmarked terminal is connected to terminal A while terminal B is off.
- the liquid refrigerant therefore continues to flow to a change-over valve 27 whose port A is connected to the unmarked port while port B is locked.
- the liquid coolant flows through the outside air heat exchanger 19 to a switching valve 29. Since the liquid coolant is colder here than an outside temperature, it absorbs heat in the outside air heat exchanger 19 from the environment. This therefore acts as a heat source.
- the liquid coolant continues to flow to a node a, where it is preferably divided into a liquid cooling jacket of an electric motor 31 and / or a control device 33, which controls the activation of the electric motor. sector 31 serves.
- the liquid coolant it is possible for the liquid coolant to flow only to the electric motor 31 or only to the controller 33.
- the control device 33 is preferably designed as a pulse inverter (inverter).
- the liquid coolant preferably absorbs waste heat from the electric motor 31 and / or the control device 33, these elements therefore acting as heat sources in the illustrated operating state.
- the electric motor 31 and the control device 33 with respect to the liquid-refrigerant flow not - as shown in Figure 1 - parallel, but in series, that are arranged one behind the other.
- the controller 33 is provided upstream of the electric motor 31;
- the liquid coolant therefore preferably flows first through the liquid cooling jacket of the control device 33 and then through the electric motor 31.
- a node b the preferably divided streams of liquid coolant are brought together again. From there, this flows to a liquid cooling jacket of the compressor 3, which also acts as a heat source, so that the liquid coolant absorbs its waste heat. It then arrives at a change-over valve 35 whose connection A is connected to the connection not marked, while the connection B is blocked. From there, the coolant flows back to the evaporator. 7
- FIG. 1 shows a third liquid-coolant circuit 37 with a dash-dotted line, which is shown either with the first or the second Liquid coolant circuit 9, 11 cooperates to temper an electrical storage element 39.
- the electrical storage element 39 is cooled.
- a change-over valve 41 is provided, the terminal A of which is connected to the unmarked terminal, while the terminal B is blocked. Therefore, cold liquid refrigerant is branched from the liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 in a node c and supplied to the third liquid-refrigerant circuit 37. It passes from there to a controllable valve 43, which is controlled by a controller 45. This is in turn connected to a temperature sensor 47, which detects the temperature in an inner liquid-refrigerant circuit, which flows around the electrical storage medium 39. This is formed by a bypass 49, in which a pump 51 is provided, which promotes the emerging from the electric storage element 39 liquid coolant back to a coolant inlet preferably a liquid cooling jacket of the electrical storage element 39.
- a switching valve 53 Downstream of the electrical storage element 39 and also downstream of a branch of the bypass 49, a switching valve 53 is provided, whose unmarked terminal is connected in the illustrated operating state to the terminal A, while the terminal B is locked. From there, the liquid coolant reaches a node d, where it is again supplied to the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 and flows back to the evaporator 7.
- the regulator 45 controls the variable valve 43 so that a liquid-refrigerant amount is supplied to the liquid refrigerant circulated by the pump 51 via the bypass 49, which is capable of substantially increasing the temperature in the inner circuit at a predetermined value hold.
- the pump 51 is preferably always in operation and keeps the inner circulation running. Since the liquid coolant is substantially incompressible, preferably a quantity of the same occurs from the changeover valve 53, which amount corresponds to the quantity supplied via the valve 43.
- the controller 45 also controls the switching valve 53, so that the outflowing from the inner circuit liquid-refrigerant amount is regulated. In this case, it is particularly effectively possible to keep the temperature in the inner circuit constant.
- the switching valve 53 is switched depending on the operating mode of the heating-cooling device and not regulated.
- the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 ices under certain conditions when it is included as a heat source in the heating operation of the heating / cooling device.
- the heating / cooling device preferably switches over to a defrosting operation.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the liquid coolant circuits of the embodiment of the heating / cooling device according to Figure 1 in the deicing operation. Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description. For the sake of simplicity, only the features deviating from the operating state according to FIG. 1 will be addressed below.
- the switching valve 23 the port A is locked, while the unmarked port is connected to the port B.
- the flowing in the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 from the gas cooler 5 via the indoor heat exchanger 17, de warm liquid coolant is therefore not directed by the switching valve 23 back to the gas cooler 5, but to the switching valve 27. From there it flows through the outside air heat exchanger 19 to the changeover valve 29. Its connection A is blocked and the connection B is connected to the connection not marked.
- the liquid coolant can thus flow back from the switching valve 29 to the gas cooler 5.
- the port A is blocked and the port B is connected to the port not marked. Therefore, no cold liquid coolant of the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 can pass from the evaporator 7 to the outdoor air heat exchanger 19. Instead, the liquid coolant flows directly from the switching valve 25 to the node a.
- the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 is assigned to the first liquid coolant circuit 9 as a heat sink in the defrost mode. It is de-iced by the warm liquid coolant.
- the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 must be assigned or assigned an alternative heat source accordingly.
- the electric motor 31 is preferably this.
- the control device 33 is preferably also used as the heat source in the second liquid-coolant system.
- the compressor 3 is a heat source.
- the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 can be included in the second liquid coolant circuit 11 in the heating mode readily as a heat source.
- the vehicle drives quickly, there is an increased risk of icing, so that it may be necessary to switch to the de-icing mode.
- high power is required by the electric motor 31, so that correspondingly large losses occur in the form of waste heat. Therefore, it can be easily incorporated as a heat source into the second liquid refrigerant circuit 11.
- the electric motor 31 is cooled while it is deprived of heat. Its temperature drops only slightly, because it has a very high heat capacity. In particular, it preferably comprises a liquid-cooling jacket with a large volume. The electric motor 31 does not have to have a high temperature in order to operate efficiently. Its efficiency is high even at low temperature. Overall, therefore, there are no concerns in any operating state to include the electric motor 31 as a heat source in the second coolant circuit 11.
- the electric motor 31 is associated with the second liquid coolant circuit 11 as a heat source both in heating mode and in the defrost mode.
- deicing mode only the outside air heat exchanger 19 is taken out of the liquid-refrigerant circuit 1 as an additional heat source and assigned to the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 as a heat sink.
- This procedure is readily encompassed by the formulation that the electric motor 31 and / or an alternative heat source is assigned to the second liquid-ket coolant circuit 11.
- the alternative heat source does not necessarily have to be reassigned to the second liquid coolant circuit 11, but rather the formulation comprises an embodiment in which the alternative heat source remains associated with the circuit.
- a sensor which can directly detect icing of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19.
- an optical sensor is used.
- icing of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 is preferably detected alternatively or additionally via a decrease in its capacity as a heat source.
- the outside air heat exchanger 19 cooperates with the second liquid coolant circuit 11 as a heat source. In doing so, a first temporal temperature gradient is detected.
- the outside air heat exchanger 19 is taken out of the second liquid refrigerant circuit 11, and there is a second detected temporal temperature gradient, wherein an alternative heat source, preferably the electric motor 31, with the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 cooperates.
- the alternative heat source is either assigned to the second liquid coolant circuit 1 or remains assigned to it.
- the temperature gradients thus detected are compared with each other.
- the heat source cooperates with the second liquid-coolant circuit 11, for which a temperature gradient is to be detected.
- the heat sources are preferably assigned to the circuit prior to the measurement of the corresponding temperature gradient and optionally removed from the circuit after the measurement. The temperature gradients are then measured successively.
- at least the alternative heat source for example the electric motor 31, to interact with the liquid coolant circuit 11 during the detection of both temperature gradients.
- sensors are used to detect the temperature gradient, which are already included in the heating / cooling device.
- This can be, for example, a temperature sensor in the passenger compartment.
- temperature measuring sensors directly on the outside air heat exchanger 19 and the alternative heat source, preferably the electric motor 31.
- the method can already be switched during the detection of the second temperature gradient in the de-icing.
- the outside air heat exchanger 19 is thus already assigned to the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9, while the temperature gradient for the alternative heat source is detected. After comparing the temperature gradients, either the de-icing operation can then be continued or aborted.
- the electric motor 31 Due to its high heat capacity, the electric motor 31 typically exhibits a slightly steep temperature gradient, that is to say that its temperature during use as a heat source drops only slowly over time.
- the course of the temperature gradient of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 is dependent on its degree of icing. The thicker the insulating ice layer is formed, the less heat can be supplied per unit time from the outside of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19. Accordingly, its temperature during use as a heat source decreases more rapidly the more the icing has progressed. Therefore, icing of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 can be detected if its temperature gradient is steeper than the temperature gradient of the alternative heat source or the electric motor 31. In this case, it is switched to the defrosting operation.
- the same method can be used to detect sufficient defrosting of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19, except that in this case it is possible to switch from the defrost mode to the heating mode when the temperature gradient of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 is less steep than the temperature gradient. gradient of the alternative heat source or of the electric motor 31.
- both the indoor heat exchanger 17 and the Au 2.4 Kunststoff- réelleta uscher 19 are associated with the first liquid coolant circuit 9 as a heat sinks. So it can also heated the passenger compartment and the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 are de-iced. Since an alternative heat source, preferably the electric motor 31, is available to the second liquid-coolant circuit 11 in the deicing operation, the power available for heating the passenger compartment is not reduced. The de-icing can thus take place without negatively affecting the occupants of the vehicle.
- FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of the liquid coolant circuits of the embodiment of the heating / cooling device in the cooling mode. Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description. Also in this case, only the differences that result in comparison to the operating mode shown in Figure 1 will be described.
- the unmarked connection is connected to the connection B during cooling operation, while A is locked.
- the liquid coolant is thus conveyed by the pump 13 from the gas cooler 5 to the switching valve 35, whose terminal B is connected to the unmarked terminal. Port A is blocked.
- the hot, coming from the gas cooler 5 liquid coolant of the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 enters the liquid cooling jacket of the compressor 3 and flows from this further via the node b to the liquid cooling jacket of the electric motor 31 and preferably also In the node a, the flows preferably reconnect, and the liquid coolant flows to the outside air via the valve 29 whose port B is blocked while the port A is connected to the unmarked port.
- Heat exchanger 19 From here it passes to the switching valve 27, whose terminal B is connected to the unmarked terminal, while the terminal A is locked. It therefore flows back to the gas cooler 5.
- the outside air heat exchanger 19 is included here as a heat sink in the first liquid coolant circuit 9.
- the hot liquid coolant coming from the gas cooler 5 also absorbs the waste heat of the compressor 3. Depending on the operating state of the electric motor 31 and / or the control device 33, these act as a heat source or as a heat sink. In any case, the liquid coolant in the outside air heat exchanger 19 at least partially releases the absorbed heat to the environment before it flows back to the gas cooler 5.
- the compressor 3 in both the heating mode and in the cooling operation in each case the liquid-refrigerant circuit 9, 11th is assigned, which cooperates with the outdoor air heat exchanger 19.
- the operating heat of the compressor 3, insofar as it is not included in the heating power for the passenger compartment, can be dissipated via the outside air heat exchanger 19 in each operating state.
- the liquid coolant coming from the evaporator 7 is conveyed by the pump 15 to the switching valve 25 whose port A is connected to the unmarked port. It flows from there to the switching valve 23, because the port A of the switching valve 27 is locked. In the switching valve 23, the port B is connected to the unmarked port so that the liquid coolant flows over the indoor heat exchanger 17.
- the cold liquid coolant takes heat from the interior, that is, the passenger compartment, and cools it so.
- the liquid coolant reaches a switching valve 55 which is closed in the heating and defrosting operation but open in the cooling operation. From here, the liquid coolant flows via a node e back to the evaporator 7. In the node e, the coolant flows, which come from the switching valve 55 on the one hand and from the node d on the other hand, when the electrical storage element 39 is cooled. As will be seen, no coolant from the node d to the node e, when the electric Storage element 39 is heated. In this case, namely, the connection A of the switching valve 53 is blocked.
- the interior heat exchanger 17 is assigned to the second liquid-coolant circuit 11, so that the passenger compartment can be cooled by the cold liquid coolant coming from the evaporator 7.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the liquid coolant circuits of an embodiment of a heating / cooling device in the heating mode, wherein at the same time the electric storage element is heated.
- Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description. Also with respect to Figure 4, only the differences are explained, which result in comparison to the operating state shown in Figure 1.
- the heating operation shown in FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the switching state illustrated in FIG.
- the indoor heat exchanger 17 is associated with the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 as a heat sink.
- the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 is associated with the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11 as a heat source.
- the first and the second liquid-coolant circuit 9, 11 run as described in connection with FIG.
- the electrical storage element 39 is not cooled in the operating state according to FIG. 4, but is heated.
- the terminal B is connected to the unmarked terminal, while the terminal A is locked.
- hot Liquid coolant which has already delivered heat to the passenger compartment in the interior heat exchanger 17, flows via a node f to the switching valve 41 and from there to the controllable valve 43.
- the controller 45 is controlled, which thus supplies to the inner circuit formed by the pump 51 and the bypass 49 around the electric storage element 39 around a lot of hot liquid coolant, which is suitable, the temperature in the inner circuit and thus the temperature of the electrical Store memory element 39 constant.
- the temperature of the electric storage element 39 is preferably set at a predetermined value.
- the port B is connected to the unmarked port while the port A is blocked.
- the liquid refrigerant therefore flows via the port B to a node g, where it is combined with the liquid-refrigerant flow from the indoor heat exchanger 17 and flows back to the gas cooler 5.
- the third liquid-refrigerant circuit 37 interacts with the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9. He is connected to this almost like a bypass in parallel. Warm liquid coolant is taken from the first liquid-coolant circuit 9 for a temperature control of the electrical storage element 39 at the node f and finally fed back to the node g.
- the electric storage element 39 acts as a heat sink.
- the third liquid-refrigerant circuit 37 interacts with the second liquid-refrigerant circuit 11. He is connected to this almost like a bypass in parallel. Cold liquid coolant is taken from the second liquid coolant circuit 1 at the node c and fed back to it at the node d.
- the electric storage element 39 acts as a heat source.
- the node f is preferably arranged behind the interior heat exchanger 17, as seen in the flow direction.
- the liquid coolant has already given off heat to the passenger compartment.
- the electrical storage element 39 is thus not directly charged with the coming from the gas cooler 5, hot liquid coolant, but exposed to a lowered temperature compared to this. This is useful because the electrical storage element 39 is sensitive to temperature and in particular should not be operated at too high a temperature.
- the node f - to be arranged in the flow direction - in front of the indoor heat exchanger 17, in particular when the supply of the liquid coolant to the electric storage element 39 via the controllable valve 43 is controlled by the controller 45. Even with this rule can namely be avoided that the electrical storage element 39 is acted upon with too hot liquid coolant.
- Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the liquid coolant circuits of the embodiment of a heating / cooling device in a passive operation. Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description.
- the refrigerant circuit of the heating / cooling device is deactivated, that is, in particular the compressor 3 is switched off. At the same time, preferably, the refrigerant circuit, not shown, comes to a standstill.
- the second liquid coolant circuit 11, in particular the pump 15, is deactivated. This then preferably represents a sufficiently large flow resistance, in particular for liquid coolant which optionally flows counter to its conveying direction. Accordingly, the flow in the second liquid-coolant circuit 11 comes to a standstill.
- the first liquid-refrigerant circuit 9 and in particular the pump 13 are active. Therefore, liquid refrigerant flows from the gas cooler 5 via the pump 13 to the switching valve 21. However, since the compressor 3 is deactivated, the liquid refrigerant does not absorb heat in the gas cooler 5. In this respect, this preferably acts as a passive element, ie, it is neither a heat source nor a heat sink for the first liquid-coolant circuit 9.
- the port A is connected to the unmarked port, while the port B Is blocked.
- the liquid refrigerant therefore continues to flow to a node h formed in the present operating state because the switching valve 55 is opened.
- the liquid refrigerant flows to the switching valve 35 whose port A is connected to the unlabeled port while the port B is locked.
- the liquid coolant continues to flow to the liquid cooling jacket of the deactivated and thus passive compressor 3, from which it preferably passes via the node b to the liquid cooling jacket of the electric motor 31 and / or that of the control device 33.
- the branched booster streams rejoin downstream of these elements again in node a. From there, the coolant flows to the reversing valve 29, whose port A is connected to the unmarked port, while the port B is locked.
- the liquid refrigerant flows through the outside air heat exchanger 19 to the switching valve 27 whose unmarked terminal is connected to the terminal B while the terminal A is cut off. From there it flows back to the gas cooler 5.
- the outside air heat exchanger 19 is associated with the first liquid coolant circuit 9. Waste heat of the electric motor 31 and / or the control device 33 is discharged via the outside air heat exchanger 19 to the environment.
- the passive operation can be used in the fall and in the spring when the outside temperature on the one hand is not so hot that the outside air heat exchanger 9 act as a heat source or that would have to be switched to the cooling mode of the heating / cooling device, on the other hand, but not so cold that in the heating mode of the heating / cooling device would have to be switched.
- the interior heat exchanger 17 is associated with the first liquid coolant circuit 9. However, it is - seen in the flow direction - arranged behind the node h.
- liquid refrigerant flows to the switching valve 41.
- This is fed to the third liquid refrigerant circuit 37 because the port B of the switching valve 41 is connected to the unlabeled port while the port A is locked.
- the third liquid-coolant circuit 37 thus interacts here with the first liquid-coolant circuit 9.
- the mode of operation of the third liquid-coolant circuit 37 or the tempering of the electrical storage element 39 is identical to the already described mode of operation.
- the unmarked connection is connected to the connection A, so that the liquid coolant is supplied again via the node d to the first liquid / coolant circuit 9 and from there to the changeover valve 35.
- the indoor heat exchanger 17 and the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 a heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the surroundings of the vehicle is realized.
- the passive operation is activated in autumn or spring, so the passenger compartment tends to be cooled.
- the electric storage element 39 is preferably cooled. Its waste heat is released via the outside air heat exchanger 19.
- the heating / cooling device and the method for operating the heating / cooling device enables efficient connection and thus optimum utilization of the heat sources and heat sinks present in the vehicle, in particular in the vehicle with electric drive.
- the use of waste heat of the compressor 3 for heating the interior and the inclusion of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 as a heat source in the heating operation for the passenger compartment allows a very efficient operation.
- a vehicle with electric drive achieved so by a preferably up to 30% greater range than with a conventional heating / cooling device.
- a deicing of the outdoor air heat exchanger 19 is possible at the same time with the heating operation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010035272 | 2010-08-24 | ||
PCT/DE2011/001619 WO2012075975A1 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2011-08-16 | Heating/cooling device and method for operating a heating/cooling device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2608974A1 true EP2608974A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
Family
ID=44799437
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11799612.4A Withdrawn EP2608974A1 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2011-08-16 | Heating/cooling device and method for operating a heating/cooling device |
EP11769767.2A Not-in-force EP2608973B1 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2011-08-16 | Heating/cooling device and heating/cooling module for a heating/cooling device |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11769767.2A Not-in-force EP2608973B1 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2011-08-16 | Heating/cooling device and heating/cooling module for a heating/cooling device |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20130146271A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2608974A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2013536118A (en) |
KR (2) | KR101457916B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN103068601B (en) |
DE (2) | DE112011102775A5 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2012075975A1 (en) |
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JP6052222B2 (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2016-12-27 | 株式会社デンソー | Thermal management system for vehicles |
US10131205B2 (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2018-11-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Climate control system |
DE102013109666A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-05 | Pierburg Gmbh | Heating / cooling system for vehicles and method for operating a heating / cooling system for vehicles |
DE102014205030A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-24 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | air conditioning |
JP5945306B2 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-07-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Thermal management system for vehicles |
DE102014113753B4 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2022-12-15 | Pierburg Gmbh | System and method for predictive control and/or regulation of a heating/cooling device of a vehicle |
DE102016009460A1 (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | Daimler Ag | Air conditioning device for a vehicle and vehicle with such an air conditioning device |
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KR102601560B1 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2023-11-13 | 티지이 마린 개스 엔지니어링 게엠베하 | Evaporation assembly of liquid gases to supply combustion gases for engines |
CN109910683B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2024-02-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Electric vehicle thermal management system, control method thereof and electric vehicle |
CN109910550B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-09-07 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Thermal management system, control method thereof and automobile |
DE102019119272A1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | Konvekta Aktiengesellschaft | Secured refrigeration system |
DE102019215846A1 (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | Device for temperature control of an energy storage device |
KR20230001965A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-01-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Cooling system for electric vehicle |
JP7481309B2 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2024-05-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle and vehicle control method |
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- 2011-08-16 EP EP11799612.4A patent/EP2608974A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-16 WO PCT/DE2011/001619 patent/WO2012075975A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-16 DE DE112011102775T patent/DE112011102775A5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-16 EP EP11769767.2A patent/EP2608973B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-08-16 CN CN201180041040.5A patent/CN103068601B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-08-16 US US13/818,584 patent/US20130146271A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-16 JP JP2013525136A patent/JP2013536118A/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-08-16 KR KR1020137005215A patent/KR101457916B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-08-16 WO PCT/DE2011/001618 patent/WO2012025099A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-16 JP JP2013525137A patent/JP2013536119A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-16 US US13/818,563 patent/US20130145790A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-16 KR KR1020137004405A patent/KR20130101501A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-08-16 CN CN2011800411658A patent/CN103079853A/en active Pending
- 2011-08-16 DE DE112011103960T patent/DE112011103960A5/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2012075975A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112011103960A5 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
JP2013536118A (en) | 2013-09-19 |
CN103068601B (en) | 2015-10-07 |
EP2608973A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
EP2608973B1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
CN103079853A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
WO2012075975A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
KR20130101501A (en) | 2013-09-13 |
US20130145790A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
JP2013536119A (en) | 2013-09-19 |
US20130146271A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
WO2012025099A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
KR20130062981A (en) | 2013-06-13 |
KR101457916B1 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
CN103068601A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
DE112011102775A5 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
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