EP2742196B1 - Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment - Google Patents

Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2742196B1
EP2742196B1 EP12742924.9A EP12742924A EP2742196B1 EP 2742196 B1 EP2742196 B1 EP 2742196B1 EP 12742924 A EP12742924 A EP 12742924A EP 2742196 B1 EP2742196 B1 EP 2742196B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ductility
adhesive
textile
building
woven fabric
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EP12742924.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2742196A2 (fr
Inventor
Harald Kraus
Wolfgang Arndt
Matthias Wintermantel
Heinz-Werner Lucas
Dirk Dijkstra
Lothar Stempniewski
Moritz URBAN
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Covestro Deutschland AG
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Covestro Deutschland AG
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a building part, comprising the step of adhering a textile on the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive. It further relates to such a reinforced building part and the use of a textile in combination with an adhesive for reinforcing a building part, wherein the textile is adhered to the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive.
  • Masonry consists essentially of an arrangement of bricks and joints. Due to the arrangement of the components masonry is a highly anisotropic building material and is well suited for the removal of vertical stress.
  • the anisotropic material properties of the individual components are mainly responsible for the directional behavior of masonry.
  • the resistance to shear loads is comparatively low.
  • the failure-free absorbable horizontal loads are limited.
  • WO 1995; 034724 A1 describes a method of reinforcing walls to prevent damage such as occurring under atypical loads, such as during an earthquake.
  • the method includes the step of applying a resin-impregnated fabric layer to a portion of a disclosed wall to be reinforced.
  • the method further includes the A step of anchoring the resin-impregnated fabric layer to a structural portion of the wall by means of fasteners, adhesives, or a combination thereof.
  • US-B 6,806,212 relates to a combination of a structure having a wall which has a surface and a composite coating applied to the surface of the wall for reinforcing the wall against explosive forces acting on the structure.
  • a first layer comprising an elastomer is in intimate contact with the wall and permanently adheres to it.
  • a second layer comprising an elastomer is in intimate contact with the first layer and adheres permanently thereto.
  • a textile between the first and the second layer is involved, wherein the elastomer is the product of a liquid precursor which cures under ambient conditions to the elastomer.
  • the purpose of the composite coating is to increase the extensibility and the change in length of the wall when sudden lateral or explosive forces act on the structure.
  • the precursor is a two-component formulation which reacts to an elastomer after mixing.
  • DE 10 2008 026615 A1 discloses a hybrid textile reinforcement structure for masonry, textile-reinforced structural elements or reinforcing layers for building elements made of mineral-bound building materials, in particular of concrete, in which lattice-like textile structures made of concrete-compatible high-performance fibers are used as reinforcing material.
  • the grid-like textile structure has at the same time high-strength reinforcing elements in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction and is also equipped in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction with elements that have a high ductility.
  • the high-strength reinforcing elements may consist of high-modulus filament systems, preferably of AR glass or carbon, arranged in parallel in the 0 ° and / or 90 ° direction.
  • the ductile elements of low modulus filament systems may preferably be made of polypropylene or polyethylene arranged in parallel in the 0 ° and / or 90 ° direction US 2003/110733 A1 and US Pat. No. 6,806,212 B2 show other methods or reinforced building parts according to the prior art. Too stiff materials or combinations of materials that are glued to a plaster surface, the tensile forces occurring in the textile can not be distributed to this plaster surface and an early component failure occurs. Furthermore, the plaster must first be removed if the materials are applied directly to the masonry.
  • the building part after bonding a ductility in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 30, particularly preferably in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 20.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that in reinforced with fiber composites masonry rapid response of the reinforcement at a deformation load to increase the load capacity and a high plastic elongation capacity to improve the ductility are necessary.
  • ductility The ability to endure plastic deformation while maintaining a resistive force is called ductility. Adequate carrying behavior under load earthquake can be achieved by a high load capacity and a lower ductility as well as by a high ductility and a low load capacity.
  • the ductility of the textile prior to bonding is selected according to the invention. This is the textile to understand before it was contacted with adhesive. In general, therefore, the textile can be selected based on the material properties of the commercially available, not further treated product. This ductility is preferably ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 20, and more preferably ⁇ 1.5 to ⁇ 10.
  • the ductility of the adhesive in the cured state is selected. This condition may be due to drying, filming, crosslinking or other chemical reactions in the adhesive, for example.
  • the cured state is thus the final state that the adhesive occupies after application and when it no longer changes significantly.
  • different formulations of the adhesive such as solids content, degree of dilution, solvent content, and the like, do not matter.
  • the ductility thus selected is preferably ⁇ 1.5 to ⁇ 20 and more preferably ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 10.
  • the term "cured state" refers to a material or an adhesive in which the polymerization reaction has been completed and thus, as a rule no reactive monomers are present.
  • the application of the adhesive may be carried out by means of spraying, brushing, rolling, trowelling and the like. After application, depending on the adhesive used, an exhaust time can be waited before the textile is applied to the adhesive.
  • Suitable adhesives are in particular polyurethane adhesives, since they can be obtained with the necessary ductility in the cured state.
  • Suitable textiles are in particular woven and knitted fabrics.
  • the desired ductility can be achieved by making the backing of the fabric comparatively coarse / loose and additionally having ductile fibers which may be long or short.
  • ductile fibers are those of glass, polyaramid, graphite, quartz, carbon fiber, ceramic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide or naturally occurring fibers.
  • Particularly preferred such fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass, polyamide, graphite, quartz, carbon fiber, ceramic, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyimide.
  • said high ductility fibers should be arranged horizontally and / or inclined at a slope of 30 to 60 ° on the building part.
  • the surface of the building part is a plaster surface.
  • the term "plaster” is here generally understood as a covering comprising plaster. Examples of such a plaster are lime plaster, lime plaster, gypsum plaster, plaster-lime plaster and gypsum-lime-cement plaster. In this way, already existing buildings or parts of buildings / walls can be subsequently reinforced without the existing plaster must be removed.
  • the thickness of the plaster may, for example, be in a range of ⁇ 0.5 cm to ⁇ 5.0 cm.
  • adhesion shear strength measured according to DIN 16964 alternatively that the adhesion in accordance with DIN EN 1542, July 1999 issue between the plaster and the underlying stone or masonry at a plaster application thickness of ⁇ 1.2 cm is ⁇ 0, 15 N / mm 2 occupies.
  • the tensile force per meter of textile for example from 8 kN to 35 kN.
  • the adhesive is first applied to the surface of the building part and then the textile is applied to the applied adhesive. This causes a further simplification of the method since Do not work with adhesive-impregnated textile webs. Although it is basically not necessary, but you can, if desired, apply to the attached textile even more adhesive.
  • the ratio of the ductility of the textile before bonding to the ductility of the adhesive in the cured state is as far as possible in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10. Through this approximation of the ductilities, a particularly effective force absorption and power transmission to bonded textile can be achieved.
  • Preferred is a range of 1: 2 to 1: 5, more preferably 1: 3 to 1: 4.
  • the textile comprises a glass fiber fabric and the glass fiber fabric comprises glass fibers extending at right angles to each other.
  • Particularly suitable is a plain weave glass fiber fabric in which glass fiber rovings made of E glass or AR glass with a filament number of between 1k and 3k or even up to 6k are interwoven.
  • the textile comprises fibers which have an additional coating.
  • Various methods such as spraying, impregnating, impregnating and others can be used.
  • This coating is intended to protect the fibers from notching and chemical stresses both during and after the textile application.
  • the main function is to improve the bond between textile and component surface.
  • the textile comprises an at least biaxial fabric and on the at least biaxial fabric additional fibers are arranged in the form of a fabric.
  • These fibers are preferably arranged on the rear side, that is to say the side facing the building part and thus the adhesive.
  • the fibers can also already be glued to the fabric. In this way, mechanical failure of the fibers does not occur simultaneously but sequentially.
  • Suitable fibers are in particular polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene fibers. It is advantageous if these fibers are much shorter than the threads of the fabric. For example, this fiber length may be from 0.5 cm to 10 cm.
  • a potentially ionic group is a group capable of forming an ionic group.
  • the polyurethanes (A) are preferably prepared from ⁇ 7% by weight to ⁇ 45% by weight A1), ⁇ 50 to ⁇ 91% by weight A2), ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 15% by weight A5), ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 12 % By weight of ionic or potentially ionic compounds A4) and, if appropriate, ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 30% by weight of compounds A3), the sum of A4) and A5) being ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 27% by weight and the sum of Add components to 100% by weight.
  • the polyurethanes (A) are particularly preferably composed of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 35% by weight of A1), ⁇ 55 to ⁇ 90% by weight of A2), ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 10% by weight of A5), ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 9% by weight. % of ionic or potentially ionic compounds A4) and optionally 0 to ⁇ 10% by weight of compounds A3), the sum of A4) and A5) being ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 19% by weight and the sum of the components being Add 100% by weight.
  • the polyurethanes (A) are very particularly preferably prepared from ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 35% by weight A1), ⁇ 55 to ⁇ 75% by weight A2), ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 8% by weight A5), ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5% by weight % of ionic or potentially ionic compounds A4) and optionally ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 8% by weight of compounds A3), the sum of A4) and A5) being ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 10% by weight and the sum of the components add to 100% by weight.
  • Suitable polyisocyanates (A1) are aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use mixtures of such polyisocyanates.
  • suitable polyisocyanates are butylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4 and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, the isomeric bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes or mixtures thereof of any desired isomer content, Isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octane diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4'- or 4,4'-d
  • polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures of the type mentioned with exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups. Also preferred are 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate.
  • Very particularly preferred starting components (A1) are polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures based on HDI, IPDI and / or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.
  • polyisocyanates (A1) are any polyisocyanates prepared from at least two diisocyanates and prepared by modifying simple aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic diisocyanates with uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and or oxadiazinetrione structure, as described, for example, in J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) p. 185-200 are described.
  • Suitable polymers (A2) have an OH functionality of ⁇ 1.5 to ⁇ 4, such as, for example, polyacrylates, polyesters, polylactones, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyestercarbonates, polyacetals, polyolefins and polysiloxanes. Preference is given to polyols in a molar weight range of ⁇ 400 g / mol to ⁇ 2500 g / mol with an OH functionality of ⁇ 1.9 to ⁇ 3.
  • the candidate hydroxyl-containing polycarbonates are obtainable by reaction of carbonic acid derivatives, for example diphenyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or phosgene with diols.
  • diols are ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bis-hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A but also lactone-modified diols in question.
  • the diol component preferably contains ⁇ 40% by weight to ⁇ 100% by weight of hexanediol, preferably 1,6-hexanediol and / or hexanediol derivatives, preferably those which have ether or ester groups in addition to terminal OH groups, for example products which by reacting 1 mole of hexanediol with at least 1 mole, preferably 1 to 2 moles of caprolactone according to DE-A 1 770 245 or by etherification of hexanediol with itself to di- or trihexylenglycol were obtained.
  • the preparation of such derivatives is for example DE-A 1 570 540 known. Also in DE-A 3 717 060 described polyether-polycarbonate can be used.
  • the hydroxyl polycarbonates should preferably be linear. However, they may optionally be easily branched by the incorporation of polyfunctional components, especially low molecular weight polyols.
  • polyfunctional components especially low molecular weight polyols.
  • glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol-1,2,6, butanetriol-1,2,4, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, quinitol, mannitol, and sorbitol, methylglycoside, 1,3,4,6-dianhydrohexitols are suitable for this purpose.
  • Suitable polyether polyols are the polytetramethylene glycol polyethers known per se in polyurethane chemistry, which can be prepared, for example, by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by cationic ring opening.
  • suitable polyether polyols (A2) are the polyaddition products of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin prepared by using starter molecules, and their mixed and graft polyaddition products and by condensation of polyhydric alcohols or mixtures thereof and by alkoxylation of water, polyvalent Alcohols, amines or amino alcohols obtained polyether used.
  • the average functionality of the polyether polyols is greater than 1.85, preferably from 1.88 to 3.
  • difunctional polyethers having a functionality of from 1.92 to 2.05.
  • the proportion of ethylene oxide in the homo- and / or Mischpolyadditionsberichten of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide is 0 to 100%, preferably 0 to 30%, particularly preferably 0 to 10%.
  • the polyether polyol (A) is a homopoly addition product of propylene oxide having a molecular weight of 800 to 2000 Da and a functionality of 1.92 to 2.05.
  • Suitable polyester polyols are, for example, reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polybasic, preferably dibasic carboxylic acids.
  • polyhydric preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols
  • polybasic preferably dibasic carboxylic acids.
  • free polycarboxylic acids it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof to prepare the polyesters.
  • the polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.
  • Particularly preferred polymeric polyols (A2) are polycarbonates and polyethers, most preferably polyethers.
  • the components (A3) are suitable for chain extension and / or termination of the polyurethane prepolymer. These are monofunctional alcohols and monoamines into consideration. Preferred monoalcohols are aliphatic monoalcohols having 1 to 18 C atoms, such as, for example, ethanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2-ethylhexanol, 1-octanol, 1-dodecanol or 1-hexadecanol.
  • Preferred monoamines are aliphatic monoamines, such as diethylamine, dibutylamine, ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine or N, N-diethanolamine and amines of the Jeffamin ® M series (Huntsman Corp. Europe, Belgium) or amino-functional polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides.
  • component (A3) are polyols, aminopolyols or polyamines having a molecular weight below 400 g / mol, which are described in large numbers in the corresponding literature.
  • Component (A4) contains ionic groups, which may be either cationic or anionic in nature.
  • Cationic or anionic dispersing compounds are those which contain, for example, sulfonium, ammonium, phosphonium, carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphonate groups or the groups which can be converted into the abovementioned groups by salt formation (potentially ionic groups), and can be incorporated into the macromolecules by means of existing isocyanate-reactive groups.
  • suitable isocyanate-reactive groups are hydroxyl and amine groups.
  • Suitable ionic or potentially ionic compounds (A4) are, for example, mono- and dihydroxycarboxylic acids, mono- and diaminocarboxylic acids, mono- and dihydroxysulfonic acids, mono- and diaminosulfonic acids and mono- and dihydroxyphosphonic acids or mono- and diaminophosphonic acids and their salts, such as dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, hydroxypivalic acid , N- (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, 2- (2-amino-ethylamino) -ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine- ⁇ -ethylsulfonic acid, ethylenediamine-propyl- or -butylsulfonic acid, malic acid, Citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, lysine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
  • Preferred ionic or potential ionic compounds are those which have carboxy or carboxylate and / or sulfonate groups and / or ammonium groups.
  • Particularly preferred ionic compounds are those which contain carboxyl and / or sulfonate groups as ionic or potentially ionic groups, such as the salts of N- (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, of 2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid or the addition product of IPDI and acrylic acid ( EP-A 0 916 647 Example 1) and the dimethylolpropionic acid.
  • Suitable nonionic hydrophilicizing compounds (A5) are, for example, polyoxyalkylene ethers containing at least one hydroxy or amino group. These polyethers contain from 30% to 100% by weight of building blocks derived from ethylene oxide. In question are linear polyethers of functionality between 1 and 3, but also compounds of general formula (III), in which R 1 and R 2 are each independently a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical having 1 to 18 C atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen and / or nitrogen atoms, and R 3 is an alkoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide radical.
  • Nonionically hydrophilizing compounds are, for example, also monohydric, on average ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 70, preferably ⁇ 7 to ⁇ 55 ethylene oxide units per molecule having Polyalkylenoxidpolyetheralkohole as they are accessible in a conventional manner by alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules (for Example in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 19, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim pp. 31-38 ).
  • starter molecules are saturated monoalcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, the isomers pentanols, hexanols, octanols and nonanols, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n Hexadecanol, n-octadecanol, cyclohexanol, the isomeric methylcyclohexanols or hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, 1,1-dimethylallyl alcohol or oleic alcohol, di
  • Alkylene oxides which are suitable for the alkoxylation reaction are, in particular, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which can be used in any desired order or even as a mixture in the alkoxylation reaction.
  • the polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols are either pure polyethylene oxide polyethers or mixed polyalkylene oxide polyethers whose alkylene oxide units consist of at least 30 mol%, preferably at least 40 mol%, of ethylene oxide units.
  • Preferred nonionic compounds are monofunctional mixed polyalkylene oxide polyethers having at least 40 mole percent ethylene oxide and at most 60 mole percent propylene oxide units.
  • ionic hydrophilicizing agents For the preparation of the polyurethane (A), a combination of ionic (A4) and nonionic (A5) hydrophilicizing agents may be used. Anionic hydrophilicizing agents are preferably used.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion (A) which is the reaction product of a mixture of HDI and IPDI (A1), a homopolyaddition product of propylene oxide having a molecular weight of 800 to 1500 Da and a functionality of 1.92 to 2.05 (A2), 1,4-butanediol (A3) and the sodium salt of 2- (2-amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid.
  • A aqueous polyurethane dispersion
  • the preparation of the aqueous polyurethane (A) can be carried out in one or more stages in homogeneous, or in multistage reaction, partly in disperse phase. After complete or partial polyaddition carried out a dispersing, emulsifying or dissolving step. This is followed, if appropriate, by a further polyaddition or modification in disperse phase.
  • any of the methods known in the art such as emulsifier shear force, acetone, prepolymer blending, melt emulsifying, ketimine and solid spontaneous dispersing methods or derivatives thereof, may be used to prepare the polyurethane (A) become.
  • emulsifier shear force such as acetone, prepolymer blending, melt emulsifying, ketimine and solid spontaneous dispersing methods or derivatives thereof.
  • melt-emulsifying, prepolymer-mixing and acetone process is particularly preferred.
  • acetone process is particularly preferred.
  • the constituents (A2) to (A5) which have no primary or secondary amino groups, and a polyisocyanate (A1) for the preparation of a polyurethane prepolymer in the reactor in whole or in part, and optionally with a water-miscible but isocyanate-inert solvent diluted, but preferably without solvent, to higher temperatures, preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C, heated.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which can be added later not only at the beginning of the preparation but optionally also in parts.
  • Preferred are acetone and butanone. It is possible to carry out the reaction under normal pressure or elevated pressure, for example, above the normal pressure boiling temperature of a solvent such as acetone.
  • the catalysts known for accelerating the Isocyanatadditionsrefractress such as triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, dibutyltin oxide, tin dioctoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin bis (2-ethylhexanoate), zinc dioctoate, zinc -bis (2-ethylhexanoate) or other organometallic compounds are initially charged or added later.
  • dibutyltin dilaurate zinc dioctoate and zinc bis (2-ethylhexanoate), particularly preferred is zinc bis (2-ethylhexanoate).
  • the constituents (A1), (A2), if appropriate (A3) and (A4) and / or (A5), which are optionally not added at the beginning of the reaction, are metered in and also have higher temperatures
  • the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is ⁇ 0.90 to ⁇ 3, preferably ⁇ 0.95 to ⁇ 2.5, especially preferably ⁇ 1.05 to ⁇ 2.0.
  • the reaction of the components (A1) to (A5) is based on the total amount of isocyanate-reactive groups of the part of (A2) to (A5), which has no primary or secondary amino groups, partially or completely, but preferably completely.
  • the degree of conversion is usually monitored by monitoring the NCO content of the reaction mixture.
  • spectroscopic measurements for example infrared or near-infrared spectra, determinations of the refractive index as well as chemical analyzes, such as titrations, of samples taken can be made.
  • Polyurethane prepolymers containing free isocyanate groups are obtained in bulk or in solution.
  • the partial or complete salt formation of the anionically and / or cationically dispersing groups takes place.
  • bases such as ammonia, ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate are used, preferably triethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine or diisopropylethylamine.
  • the molar amount of the bases is between 50 and 120%, preferably between 50 and 100% and particularly preferably between 60 and 90% of the molar amount of the anionic groups.
  • cationic groups organic or inorganic acids are used. If only nonionically hydrophilized compounds (A5) with ether groups are used, the neutralization step is omitted. The neutralization can also take place simultaneously with the dispersion in which the dispersing water already contains the neutralizing agent.
  • Possible aminic components are (A2), (A3) and (A4) with which optionally remaining isocyanate groups can be reacted.
  • This chain extension can be carried out either in a solvent before dispersing, during dispersion or in water after dispersion. If used as (A4) aminic components, the chain extension is preferably carried out before the dispersion.
  • the aminic component (A3) or (A4) may be added to the reaction mixture with organic solvents and / or diluted with water. Preference is given to using ⁇ 70% by weight to ⁇ 95% by weight of solvent and / or water. If several amino components are present, the reaction can be carried out successively in any order or simultaneously by adding a mixture.
  • the polyurethane prepolymers optionally with high shear, such as strong stirring or using a jet disperser, either added to the dispersing water or, conversely, the dispersing water is stirred to the prepolymers. Then, if not yet done in the homogeneous phase, the molecular weight increase by reaction of optionally present isocyanate groups with the component (A2), (A3) take place.
  • the amount of polyamine (A2), (A3) used depends on the remaining unreacted isocyanate groups. Preferably, ⁇ 45 to ⁇ 100%, particularly preferably ⁇ 50 to ⁇ 75% of the molar amount of the isocyanate groups is reacted with polyamines (A2), (A3).
  • the organic solvent can be distilled off.
  • the dispersions have a solids content of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 70% by weight, preferably ⁇ 25 to ⁇ 65% by weight and particularly preferably ⁇ 30 to ⁇ 60% by weight.
  • the polyurethane dispersions can, alone or with known binders, excipients and impact substances, in particular light stabilizers such as UV absorbers and sterically hindered amines (HALS), furthermore antioxidants, fillers and paint auxiliaries, for example anti-settling agents, defoaming and / or wetting agents, leveling agents, reactive diluents , Plasticizers, catalysts, auxiliary solvents and / or thickeners and additives, such as dispersions, pigments, dyes or matting agents.
  • light stabilizers such as UV absorbers and sterically hindered amines (HALS), furthermore antioxidants, fillers and paint auxiliaries, for example anti-settling agents, defoaming and / or wetting agents, leveling agents, reactive diluents , Plasticizers, catalysts, auxiliary solvents and / or thickeners and additives, such as dispersions, pigments, dyes or matting agents.
  • HALS sterically hindered
  • additives before or during the dispersion of the binder or binder / crosslinker mixture.
  • the selection and the dosage of these substances, which can be added to the individual components and / or the total mixture, are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • embedded fastening elements are provided in the building part, which are accessible on the surface of the building part and to which the textile is adhered.
  • the accessible part of the fastener is arranged flush with the surface of the building part.
  • a fastener may be, for example, an anchor fastener. It is also possible that the fastener penetrates the building part and is glued on both sides with the textile.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a reinforced building part comprising a textile bonded to its surface, wherein the textile has a ductility of ⁇ 1.0 before bonding and the adhesive has a ductility of ⁇ 1.5 in the cured state and wherein the Ductility is determined in each case as the ratio of the amount of the total elastic and plastic deformation to the amount of elastic deformation.
  • the reinforced part of the building then has a ductility of ⁇ 2, preferably ⁇ 3.
  • the reinforced building part can be obtained by a method according to the invention. It is furthermore possible to use all the embodiments mentioned in connection with the method according to the invention individually or in combination for producing the reinforced part of the building. For details, reference is made to the above remarks to avoid unnecessary repetition.
  • the textile comprises an at least biaxial tissue and on the at least biaxial tissue additional fibers are arranged in the form of a Geleges.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a textile in combination with an adhesive for reinforcing a building part, wherein the textile is bonded to the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive, wherein the textile has a ductility of ⁇ 1.0 and the adhesive before bonding in the cured state has a ductility of ⁇ 1.5 and wherein the ductility is determined in each case as the ratio of the amount of the total elastic and plastic deformation to the amount of elastic deformation.
  • the textile comprises an at least biaxial tissue and on the at least biaxial tissue additional fibers are arranged in the form of a Geleges.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • FIG. 1 shows the vertical laying of textiles in the context of the method according to the invention.
  • Textile webs 11, 12, 13 selected according to the invention are bonded to a masonry with adhesive selected according to the invention. This is done overlapping, so that, for example, the left edges 1, 3, 7 of the textile webs 11, 12, 13 come to rest under (or over) the right edges 5, 9 of the webs.
  • FIG. 2 shows an additionally reinforced with a recessed fastener in the form of an anchor 25 masonry 15.
  • the reaching through the plaster layer 17 anchor 25 is secured by mortar or adhesive 23 in the masonry 15.
  • An inventively selected textile 21 is bonded by means of the invention selected adhesive 19 on the plaster 17 and the outwardly reaching portion of the armature 25. Interfaces between the layers are textile adhesive 27 and 33, adhesive plaster 29 and 35 and plaster masonry 31 and 37.
  • FIG. 3 shows a both sides with a recessed fastener in the form of an anchor (without reference numerals, analogous to FIG. 2 Reinforced masonry 45.
  • plaster layers 43, 47 are mounted, through which the anchor protrudes.
  • Textiles 39, 51 selected according to the invention are bonded to the plaster layers 43, 47 by means of adhesives 41, 49 selected according to the invention.
  • Interfaces between the layers are textile air 53 and 67, textile adhesive 55 and 65, adhesive plaster 57 and 63, and plaster masonry 59 and 61.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a usable in the context of the present invention textile in the form of a fabric.
  • the fabric is here in plain weave, with weft thread 69 and warp threads 71, 73 and 75 are listed by way of example.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further example of a textile usable in the context of the selection according to the invention.
  • a textile usable in the context of the selection according to the invention.
  • a biaxial fabric in plain weave with weft 79 and warp 77 are listed by way of example.
  • Additional fibers 81, 83 are arranged in the form of a mat or fleece on the fabric.
  • FIG. 6 shows the load-displacement curves of two Steinabscher turbulente.
  • the curve 601 represents an amplified and curve 602 an unamplified sample.
  • FIG. 7 shows the load-displacement curves of two plate bodies (consisting of 6 sand-lime bricks), which were determined in the 3-point bending test.
  • the curve 701 represents an amplified and curve 702 an unamplified sample.
  • FIG. 8th shows the load-displacement curves of two plate bodies (consisting of 6 bricks), which were determined in the 3-point bending test.
  • the curve 801 represents an amplified and curve 802 an unamplified sample.
  • FIG. 9 shows the shear stress-displacement curve of the adhesive used.
  • 1252.5 g of a polypropylene oxide diol (OH number 112, average molecular weight 1000 g / mol) were dehydrated at 100 ° C. and 50 mbar for 60 minutes. Subsequently, 112.4 g of 1,4-butanediol and 0.170 g of zinc-bis- (2-ethylhexanoate Borchi ® Kat 22 from OMG Borchers GmbH, Germany) was added (and the mixture was homogenized at 90 ° C for 15 min.
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • aqueous dispersion 5000 g of the aqueous dispersion were initially charged at room temperature in a 10 liter vessel and with vigorous stirring (stirring motor: Heidolph RZR 2100 electronic, stirrer: Visco Jet®, rotational speed about 1000 rpm) 150 g of a mixture of 60 g Borchi gel ® L 75 N (polyurethane-based, non-ionic liquid thickener, 50% supply form from OMG Borchers GmbH, Germany) and 90 g of water was added. The mixture was then stirred for a further 30 minutes. The resulting dispersion had a solids content of 34.7% and a Brookfield viscosity of 197,000 m Pas (measured with the Brookfield DV-III Ultra viscometer, spindle 4/1 RPM 23 ° C).
  • Example 3a Plate bending test (load from wall plane)
  • a textile of ductility 1 was bonded with the adhesive according to Example 1 on a plastered sand-lime brickwork.
  • the results of the panel test are in FIG. 7 , Curve 701, shown.
  • an experiment was carried out which did not involve masonry reinforced according to the invention but only plastered. Its results are in curve FIG. 7 Curve 702 is shown.
  • Example 3b Plate bending test (loading from the wall plane)
  • a textile of ductility 1 was bonded with the adhesive according to Example 1 on a plastered brick masonry.
  • the results of the panel test are in FIG. 8th shown in curve 801.
  • an experiment was carried out which did not involve masonry reinforced according to the invention but only plastered. Its results are shown in curve 802.
  • the reinforced plate (s. FIG. 8th , Curve 801) shows no brittle fracture unlike the unreinforced sample (s. FIG. 8th , Curve 802) and has a pronounced Nachbruch with residual capacity.
  • Example 4 Shear strength of the adhesive according to DIN 12188
  • Example 1 An adhesive according to Example 1 is used for bonding a concrete body, which was made in accordance with DIN 12188 with the dimensions 160 mm x 40 mm x 40 mm. Transverse to the longer side, an inclined average was placed at an angle of 45 °. Both cut edges were wetted with glue and glued together. The pressure load in the direction of the longer side caused a shearing off of the two sample halves. The resulting shear stress displacement curve 901 is shown in FIG FIG. 9 shown. After relieving the sample, a permanent displacement of 3 mm is measured, which is a measure of the plastic behavior and thus of the ductility.

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de renforcement d'une partie d'un bâtiment, comprenant l'étape de collage d'un textile sur la surface de la partie de bâtiment au moyen d'un adhésif,
    le textile présentant avant le collage une ductilité ≥ 1,0, l'adhésif présentant à l'état durci une ductilité ≥ 1,5 et la partie de bâtiment présentant après le collage une ductilité de ≥ 2 à ≤ 30,
    la ductilité étant à chaque fois déterminée comme le rapport entre le montant de la déformation élastique et plastique totale et le montant de la déformation élastique,
    caractérisé en ce que l'adhésif comprend une dispersion aqueuse de polyuréthane, qui est le produit de réaction des composants suivants :
    A1) des polyisocyanates ;
    A2) des polyols et/ou polyamines polymères ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en poids de ≥ 400 g/mol à ≤ 8 000 g/mol, déterminé selon DIN 55672-1,
    ainsi qu'au moins un composé choisi parmi
    A4) les composés qui comprennent au moins un groupe ionique ou potentiellement ionique, et
    A5) les composés hydrophilisés non ioniquement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le textile présente avant le collage une ductilité dans la plage allant de ≥ 1,5 à ≤ 20.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'adhésif présente à l'état durci une ductilité dans la plage allant de ≥ 1,5 à ≤ 20.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface de la partie de bâtiment est une surface d'enduit.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le rapport entre la ductilité du textile avant le collage et la ductilité de l'adhésif à l'état durci se situe dans la plage allant de ≥ 1:1 à ≤ 1:10.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le textile comprend un tissu de fibres de verre et le tissu de fibres de verre comprend des fibres de verre disposées perpendiculairement les unes aux autres.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le textile comprend un tissu au moins biaxial et des fibres sont en outre agencées sur le tissu au moins biaxial sous la forme d'une nappe.
  8. Partie de bâtiment renforcée, comprenant un textile collé sur sa surface, le textile présentant avant le collage une ductilité ≥ 1,0, l'adhésif présentant à l'état durci une ductilité ≥ 1,5 et la partie de bâtiment renforcée présentant une ductilité de ≥ 2 à ≤ 30,
    la ductilité étant à chaque fois déterminée comme le rapport entre le montant de la déformation élastique et plastique totale et le montant de la déformation élastique,
    caractérisée en ce que l'adhésif comprend une dispersion aqueuse de polyuréthane, qui est le produit de réaction des composants suivants :
    A1) des polyisocyanates ;
    A2) des polyols et/ou polyamines polymères ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en poids de ≥ 400 g/mol à ≤ 8 000 g/mol déterminé selon DIN 55672-1,
    ainsi qu'au moins un composé choisi parmi
    A4) les composés qui comprennent au moins un groupe ionique ou potentiellement ionique, et
    A5) les composés hydrophilisés non ioniquement.
  9. Partie de bâtiment renforcée selon la revendication 8, le textile comprend un tissu au moins biaxial et des fibres sont en outre agencées sur le tissu au moins biaxial sous la forme d'une nappe.
  10. Partie de bâtiment renforcée selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle l'adhésif comprend une dispersion aqueuse de polyuréthane.
  11. Utilisation d'un textile en combinaison avec un adhésif pour le renforcement d'une partie de bâtiment, dans laquelle le textile est collé sur la surface de la partie de bâtiment au moyen d'un adhésif,
    le textile présentant avant le collage une ductilité ≥ 1,0, l'adhésif présentant à l'état durci une ductilité ≥ 1,5, la partie de bâtiment présentant après le collage une ductilité de ≥ 2 à ≤ 30,
    et la ductilité étant à chaque fois déterminée comme le rapport entre le montant de la déformation élastique et plastique totale et le montant de la déformation élastique,
    caractérisée en ce que l'adhésif comprend une dispersion aqueuse de polyuréthane, qui est le produit de réaction des composants suivants :
    A1) des polyisocyanates ;
    A2) des polyols et/ou polyamines polymères ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en poids de ≥ 400 g/mol à ≤ 8 000 g/mol déterminé selon DIN 55672-1,
    ainsi qu'au moins un composé choisi parmi
    A4) les composés qui comprennent au moins un groupe ionique ou potentiellement ionique, et
    A5) les composés hydrophilisés non ioniquement.
  12. Utilisation selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle le textile comprend un tissu au moins biaxial et des fibres sont en outre agencées sur le tissu au moins biaxial sous la forme d'une nappe.
EP12742924.9A 2011-08-09 2012-08-06 Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment Active EP2742196B1 (fr)

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EP11176886 2011-08-09
PCT/EP2012/065358 WO2013020950A2 (fr) 2011-08-09 2012-08-06 Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment
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FR3039577B1 (fr) 2015-07-30 2022-09-02 Parexgroup Sa Systeme composite et procede de consolidation notamment d'ouvrages en beton arme ou de maconnerie matrice durcissable ou durcie et grille de renfort textile constituant ce systeme
US9857351B2 (en) * 2015-11-09 2018-01-02 University Of Dammam Concrete reinforcement assembly, method of installation, and method to determine cyclic load response
DE102016104071B4 (de) * 2016-03-07 2018-10-25 Groz-Beckert Kg Verfahren zum Biegen eines Bewehrungsstabes eines Bewehrungselements sowie Biegevorrichtung
JP2019015109A (ja) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-31 大成建設株式会社 既設コンクリート部材の耐震補強構造
CN107832510A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2018-03-23 李昌霖 一种高温后预应力混凝土受弯构件剩余承载力简化计算方法
KR102003670B1 (ko) 2018-08-03 2019-07-25 한국건설기술연구원 텍스타일 그리드 고정장치를 이용한 텍스타일 보강 콘크리트 구조물 및 그 시공방법
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WO2013020950A3 (fr) 2013-04-11
JP6424248B2 (ja) 2018-11-14
CA2844533A1 (fr) 2013-02-14
KR20140058546A (ko) 2014-05-14
EP2742196A2 (fr) 2014-06-18
JP2017160780A (ja) 2017-09-14
NZ620636A (en) 2016-05-27
CN103874814B (zh) 2018-01-02
CL2014000250A1 (es) 2014-08-18
AR089166A1 (es) 2014-08-06
CO6862143A2 (es) 2014-02-10
TWI589760B (zh) 2017-07-01
TW201333315A (zh) 2013-08-16
JP6129835B2 (ja) 2017-05-17
US9546490B2 (en) 2017-01-17
PE20141014A1 (es) 2014-08-17
MX2014001197A (es) 2014-07-14
RU2014108712A (ru) 2015-09-20
CN103874814A (zh) 2014-06-18
ES2636315T3 (es) 2017-10-05
US20140215948A1 (en) 2014-08-07
USRE48584E1 (en) 2021-06-08
JP2014529694A (ja) 2014-11-13

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