EP2742196A2 - Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment - Google Patents

Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment

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Publication number
EP2742196A2
EP2742196A2 EP12742924.9A EP12742924A EP2742196A2 EP 2742196 A2 EP2742196 A2 EP 2742196A2 EP 12742924 A EP12742924 A EP 12742924A EP 2742196 A2 EP2742196 A2 EP 2742196A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ductility
textile
adhesive
building part
fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12742924.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2742196B1 (fr
Inventor
Harald Kraus
Wolfgang Arndt
Matthias Wintermantel
Heinz-Werner Lucas
Dirk Dijkstra
Lothar Stempniewski
Moritz URBAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH, Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT filed Critical Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Priority to EP12742924.9A priority Critical patent/EP2742196B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a building part, comprising the step of adhering a textile on the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive. It further relates to such a reinforced building part and the use of a textile in combination with an adhesive for reinforcing a building part, wherein the textile is adhered to the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive.
  • Masonry consists essentially of an arrangement of bricks and joints. Due to the arrangement of the components masonry is a highly anisotropic building material and is well suited for the removal of vertical stress.
  • the anisotropic material properties of the individual components are mainly responsible for the directional behavior of masonry.
  • the resistance to shear loads is comparatively low.
  • the failure-free absorbable horizontal loads are limited.
  • earthquake-induced horizontal accelerations generate high horizontal loads on masonry structures. Damage to the structure's structural system is the consequence.
  • the use of masonry in seismically active regions therefore requires improvements in the removal of horizontal loads.
  • subsequent amplification measures to comply with the, usually prescribed by standards design loads are required.
  • the method includes the step of applying a resin-impregnated fabric layer to a portion of a disclosed wall to be reinforced.
  • the method further includes the A step of anchoring the resin-impregnated fabric layer to a structural portion of the wall by means of fasteners, adhesives, or a combination thereof.
  • US-B 6,806,212 discloses a combination of a structure with a wall having a surface and a composite coating applied to the surface of the wall for strengthening the wall against explosive forces acting on the structure.
  • a first layer comprising an elastomer is in intimate contact with the wall and permanently adheres to it.
  • a second layer comprising an elastomer is in intimate contact with the first layer and adheres permanently thereto.
  • a textile between the first and the second layer is involved, wherein the elastomer is the product of a liquid precursor which cures under ambient conditions to the elastomer.
  • the purpose of the composite coating is to increase the extensibility and the change in length of the wall when sudden lateral or explosive forces act on the structure.
  • the precursor is a two-component formulation which reacts to an elastomer after mixing.
  • DE 10 2008 026615 AI discloses a hybrid textile reinforcement structure for masonry, textile-reinforced components or reinforcing layers for components made of mineral-bonded building materials, in particular concrete, in which lattice-like textile structures made of concrete-compatible high-performance fibers are used as reinforcement material.
  • the grid-like textile structure has at the same time high-strength reinforcing elements i longitudinal and / or transverse direction and is also equipped in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction with elements that have a high ductility.
  • the high-strength reinforcing elements may consist of high E modulus filament systems, preferably of A glass or carbon, arranged in parallel in the 0 ° and / or 90 ° direction.
  • the ductile elements of low modulus filament systems may preferably be made of polypropylene or polyethylene, arranged in parallel in the 0 ° and / or 90 ° direction. Too stiff materials or combinations of materials that are glued to a plaster surface, the tensile forces occurring in the textile can not be distributed to this plaster surface and an early component failure occurs. Furthermore, the plaster must first be removed if the materials are applied directly to the masonry.
  • a method for reinforcing a building part comprising the step of bonding a textile on the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive, wherein the textile prior to bonding in each fiber direction has a ductility of> 1, 0 (measured according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1 Edition April 1999 In order to avoid incorrect measurements due to damage to the glass fibers due to their sensitivity to transverse pressure, the ends of the test strips are glued into metal jaws), the adhesive has a ductility of> 1.5 in the cured state (measured according to DIN EN 12188, July 1999 edition, with metal punches replaced by equivalent concrete punches of cylinder strength of at least 50 N / mm 2 ) and the building part after bonding (which of course also includes curing of the adhesive) perpendicular to the wall plane (out-of-plane) has measured ductility of> 2, the ductility being determined in each case as the ratio of the amount of the total
  • the ductility of a support element is in question, since it depends not only on the material, but also on the shape and type of load of the support element (see, for example, Hugo Bachmann, "Earthquake Protection of Structures ", 2nd revised edition, Chapter 3.5, Birkenhäuser Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-7643-6941 -8).
  • the ductility of the adhesive or textile is referred to as material ductility.
  • a building part in the sense of the present invention is in particular a load-bearing or non-load-bearing wall. Buttresses and other elements of a building are also included according to the invention.
  • the building part has a ductility in the range of> 2 to ⁇ 30, particularly preferably in the range of> 3 to ⁇ 20.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that in reinforced with fiber composites masonry rapid response of the reinforcement at a deformation load to increase the load capacity and a high plastic elongation capacity to improve ductility are necessary.
  • the inventive selection of the textile and the adhesive the inherently low ductility of masonry support elements is increased so far that eroded larger earthquake forces can be.
  • the textile makes it possible to distribute the forces acting on the entire wall surface. Cracks in the masonry are bridged by fibers of the same or different material.
  • a correspondingly ductile adhesive which ensures an areal distribution of the tensile forces, the textile can be severely distorted and thus large global ductility for the thus reinforced support member allows.
  • the ability to endure plastic deformation while maintaining a resistive force is called ductility.
  • a sufficient load-bearing capacity in case of earthquake can be achieved by a high load-bearing capacity and a lower ductility as well as by a high ductility and a low load-bearing capacity.
  • a design of a building for an earthquake, which survives the design quake in the linear elastic behavior range, ie no plastic deformations are allowed for the load case, is by a great effort to increase the resistance usually uneconomical than a ductile design, the greater plastic deformation Energy dissipation allows.
  • the ductility of the textile prior to bonding is selected according to the invention. This is the textile to understand before it was contacted with adhesive.
  • the textile can be selected based on the material properties of the commercially available, not further treated product.
  • This ductility is preferably> 1.0 to ⁇ 20 and more preferably> 1.5 to ⁇ 10.
  • the ductility of the adhesive in the cured state is selected. This condition may be due to drying, filming, crosslinking or other chemical reactions in the adhesive, for example.
  • the cured state is thus the final state that the adhesive occupies after application and when it no longer changes significantly.
  • different formulations of the adhesive such as solids content, degree of dilution, solvent content, and the like, do not matter.
  • the ductility so selected is preferably> 1.5 to ⁇ 20 and more preferably> 2 to ⁇ 10.
  • cured state refers to a material or an adhesive in which the polymerization reaction has been completed and thus, as a rule
  • the application of the adhesive may be carried out by means of spraying, brushing, rolling, puttying, etc. After application, an exhaust time may be allowed to elapse before the textile is applied to the adhesive, depending on the adhesive used.
  • Suitable adhesives are in particular polyurethane adhesives, since they can be obtained with the necessary ductility in the cured state.
  • Suitable textiles are in particular fabrics and knits, in the case of a woven fabric, the desired ductility can be achieved by making the base fabric of the textile comparatively coarse / loose and additionally having ductile fibers which may be long or short.
  • ductile fibers are those of glass, polyaramid, graphite, quartz, carbon fiber, ceramic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide or naturally occurring fibers.
  • Particularly preferred such fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass, polyamide, graphite, quartz, carbon fiber, ceramic, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyimide.
  • said high ductility fibers should be arranged horizontally and / or inclined at a slope of 30 to 60 ° on the building part.
  • maximum tensile forces per meter of the material in the weft direction (transverse) of> 45 kN to ⁇ 70 kN and in the chain direction (longitudinal) of> 50 kN to ⁇ 90 kN have proven successful, measured in each case according to DIN EN ISO 13934- 2 (issued in April 1999, in order to avoid measurement errors due to damage to the glass fibers due to their resistance to cross-talk, the ends of the test strips are glued into metal jaws),
  • the surface of the building part is a plaster surface.
  • the term "plaster” is here generally understood as a covering comprising plaster. Examples of such a plaster are lime plaster, lime plaster, gypsum plaster, plaster-lime plaster and gypsum-lime-cement plaster. In this way, already existing buildings or building parts / walls can be subsequently reinforced without the existing plaster having to be removed.
  • the thickness of the plaster may for example be in a range of> 0.5 cm to ⁇ 5.0 cm.
  • adhesion shear strength measured according to DIN 16964 alternatively that the adhesion in accordance with DIN EN 1542, July 1999 issue between the plaster and the underlying stone or masonry at a plaster application thickness of ⁇ 1.2 cm is> 0, 15 N / mm 2 occupies.
  • the tensile strength per meter of textile for example from 8 kN to 35 kN.
  • the adhesive is first applied to the surface of the building part and then the textile is applied to the applied adhesive. This causes a further simplification of the method since Do not work with adhesive-impregnated textiles. Although it is basically not necessary, but you can, if desired, apply to the attached textile even more adhesive.
  • the ratio of the ductility of the textile before bonding to the ductility of the adhesive in the cured state is preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10.
  • a particularly effective force absorption and force transmission can be achieved reach glued textile.
  • Preferred is a range of 1: 2 to 1: 5, more preferably 1: 3 to 1: 4.
  • the textile comprises a glass fiber fabric and the glass fiber fabric comprises glass fibers extending at right angles to one another.
  • Particularly suitable is a plain weave glass fiber fabric in which glass fiber rovings made of E glass or AR glass with a filament number of between 1 k and 3 k or up to 6 k are interwoven.
  • the textile comprises fibers which have an additional coating.
  • Various methods such as spraying, impregnating, impregnating and others can be used.
  • This coating is intended to protect the fibers from notching and chemical stresses both during and after the textile application.
  • the main function is to improve the bond between textile and component surface.
  • the textile comprises an at least biaxial fabric and on the at least biaxial fabric additional fibers are arranged in the form of a fabric. These fibers are preferably arranged on the rear side, that is to say the side facing the building part and thus the adhesive.
  • the fibers can also already be glued to the fabric. In this way, mechanical failure of the fibers does not occur simultaneously but sequentially.
  • Suitable fibers are in particular polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene fibers. It is advantageous if these fibers are much shorter than the threads of the fabric. For example, this fiber length may be from 0.5 cm to 10 cm.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion. It is preferably an aqueous polyurethane dispersion with polyurethanes (A) which are reaction products of the following components:
  • AI) polyisocyanates A2) polymeric polyols having average molecular weights of> 400 g / mol to ⁇ 8000 g / mol determined according to DIN 55672-1,
  • A3) optionally mono- and / or polyalcohols or mono- and / or polyamines or aminoalcohols having molecular weights of ⁇ 400 g / mol, and at least one compound selected from A4) compounds which have at least one ionic or potentially ionic group and
  • a potentially ionic group is a group capable of forming an ionic group.
  • the polyurethanes (A) are preferably prepared from> 7% by weight to ⁇ 45% by weight of Al),
  • polyurethanes (A) composed of> 10 to ⁇ 35% by weight) Al),> 55 to ⁇ 90% by weight A2),> 0 to ⁇ 10% by weight A5),> 1 to ⁇ 9% by weight % of ionic or potentially ionic compounds A4) and optionally> 0 to ⁇ 10% by weight of compounds A3), the sum of A4) and A5) being> 0.1 to ⁇ 19% by weight> and the sum of Add components to 100% by weight.
  • the polyurethanes (A) are prepared from> 15 to ⁇ 35% by weight) Al),> 55 to ⁇ 75% by weight A2),> 0 to ⁇ 8% by weight A5),> 1 to ⁇ 5 %
  • Suitable polyisocyanates (AI) are aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use mixtures of such polyisocyanates.
  • polyisocyanates examples include butylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HD!). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4 and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, the isomeric bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes or mixtures thereof of any isomer content, isocyanatomethyl-l, 8-octane diisocyanate , 1, 4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4'- or 4,4'-diphenylmethanediisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4 , 4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate or their derivatives with urethane, isocyanurate, allophan
  • polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures of the type mentioned with exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups. Also preferred are 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate.
  • Very particularly preferred starting components (AI) are polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures based on HDI, IPDI and / or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.
  • AI polyisocyanates
  • any polyisocyanates prepared by modifying simple aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic diisocyanates and composed of at least two diisocyanates with uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and or oxadiazinetrione structure, as described, for example, in J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) p. 185-200.
  • Suitable polymers (A2) have an OH functionality of> 1.5 to ⁇ 4, such as, for example, polyacrylates, polyesters, polylactones, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyestercarbonates, polyacetals, polyolefins and polysiloxanes. Preference is given to polyols in a molecular weight range of> 400 g / mol to ⁇ 2500 g / mol with an OH functionality of> 1.9 to ⁇ 3.
  • hydroxyl-containing polycarbonates are available by reaction of carbonic acid derivatives, for example, diphenyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or phosgene with len available.
  • diols are ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bishydroxymethylcyclo hexane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3-dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A as well as lactone-modified diols Question.
  • the diol component preferably contains> 40% by weight to ⁇ 100% by weight of hexanediol, preferably 1,6-hexanediol and / or hexanediol derivatives, preferably those which have ether or ester groups in addition to terminal OH groups, for example products which by reacting 1 mol of hexanediol with at least 1 mol, preferably 1 to 2 mol of caprolac clay according to DE-A 1 770 245 or by Verethemng of hexanediol with itself to di- or tri-hexyl englykol were obtained.
  • the preparation of such derivatives is known, for example, from DE-A 1 570 540.
  • the polyether-polycarbonate diols described in DE-A 3 717 060 can also be used.
  • the hydroxyl polycarbonates should preferably be linear. However, they may optionally be easily branched by the incorporation of polyfunctional components, especially low molecular weight polyols.
  • polyfunctional components especially low molecular weight polyols.
  • Suitable polyether polyols are the polytetramethylene glycol polyethers known per se in polyurethane chemistry, which can be prepared, for example, by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by cationic ring opening.
  • suitable polyether polyols (A2) are the polyaddition products of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin prepared by using starter molecules, and their mixed and graft polyaddition products and by condensation of polyhydric alcohols or mixtures thereof and by alkoxylation of water, polyvalent Alcohols, amines or amino alcohols obtained polyether used. Preference is given to homo- and / or Mischpolyadditionsverwmditch of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide having a number average molecular weight of 400 to 4000 Da, more preferably from 400 to 2500 Da, most preferably from 800 to 2000 Da.
  • the average functionality of the polyether polyols is greater than 1.85, preferably from 1.88 to 3. Particularly preferred are di-functional polyethers having a functionality of from 1.92 to 2.05.
  • the proportion of ethylene oxide in the homo- and / or Mischpolyadditionsverwmdungen of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide is 0 to 100%, preferably 0 to 30%, particularly preferably 0 to 10%.
  • the polyether polyol (A) is a homopolyaddition product of propylene oxide having a molecular weight of 800 to 2000 Da and a functionality of 1.92 to 2.05.
  • Suitable polyester polyols are for example! Reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polybasic, preferably dibasic carboxylic acids.
  • polyhydric preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols
  • polybasic preferably dibasic carboxylic acids.
  • free polycarboxylic acids it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof to prepare the polyesters.
  • the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.
  • Particularly preferred polymeric polyols (A2) are polycarbonates and polyethers, most preferably polyethers.
  • the components (A3) are suitable for chain extension and / or termination of the polyurethane prepolymer. These are monofunctional alcohols and monoamines into consideration.
  • Preferred monoalcohols are aliphatic monoalcohols having 1 to 18 ( " atoms, such as, for example, ethanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2-ethylhexanol, 1-octanol, 1-dodecanol or 1-hexadecanol.)
  • Preferred monoamines are aliphatic monoamines, such as lenoxide for example, diethylamine, dibutylamine, ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine or ⁇ , ⁇ -diethanolamine and ⁇ - the mine Jeffamine ® M series (Huntsman Corp. Europe. Belgium) or amino-functional polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides.
  • component (A3) are polyols, aminopolyols or polyamines having a molecular weight below 400 g / mol, which are described in large numbers in the corresponding literature.
  • Preferred components (A3) are, for example: a) alkanediols or triols, such as ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- and 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1, 3 - Dimethylpropanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-butylpropanediol, trimethylpentanediol, positionally isomeric diethyloctanediols, 1, 2 and 1, 4-cyclohexanediol, hydrogenated bisphenol A [2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) -propane], 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid (2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl este
  • R is an alkylene or arylene radical having 1 to 10 C atoms, preferably 2 to 6 ( " atoms, x 2 to 6 and y 3 to 5, such as 5-hydroxybutyl-e-hydroxy-caproic acid esters, co-hydroxyhexyl-y-hydroxybutyric acid esters, adipic acid (.beta.-hydroxyethyl) esters and terephthalic acid bis (.beta.-hydroxyethyl) esters and d) di- and polyamines such as Example 1, 2-diaminoethane, 1, 3 diaminopropane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1, 3 and 1, 4-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diphenylmethanediamine, isophoronediamine, isomer mixture of 2,2,4- and 2,4 , 4-trimethylhexa-methylenediamine, 2-methyl-pentamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, 1, 3- and 1, 4-xylylenedi
  • hydrazine hydrazine hydrate and substituted hydrazines
  • N-methylhydrazine N, N'-dimethylhydrazine and their homologs
  • acid dihydrazides adipic acid, ⁇ -methyl adipic acid, sebacic acid, hydracrylic acid and terephthalic acid
  • Semicarbazido-alkylene hydrazides such as ß - S emicarb azidopr opi onklade (for example described in DE-AI 770 591)
  • semicarbazidoalkylene-carbazinester such as 2-Semicarbazidoethyl- carbazinester (for example, described in DE-A I 918,504) or amino-amicarbazide compounds, for example ⁇ -amin
  • Component (A4) contains ionic groups, which may be either cationic or anionic in nature.
  • Cationic or anionic dispersing compounds are those which include, for example, sulfonium, ammonium, phosphonium, carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphonate or the groups which can be converted into the abovementioned groups by salt formation (potentially ionic groups) and can be incorporated by existing isocyanate-reactive groups in the macromolecules.
  • suitable isocyanate-reactive groups are hydroxyl and amine groups.
  • Suitable ionic or potentially ionic compounds (A4) are, for example, mono- and dihydroxycarboxylic acids, mono- and diaminocarboxylic acids, mono- and dihydroxysulfonic acids, mono- and diaminosulfonic acids and mono- and dihydroxyphosphonic acids or mono- and diaminophosphonic acids and their salts, such as dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, 1 1-hydroxypivalic acid, N- (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, 2- (2-aminoethylamino) -ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine- ⁇ -ethylsulfonic acid, ethylenediamine-propyl- or -butylsulfonic acid , Malic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, lysine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
  • Preferred ionic or potential ionic compounds are those which have carboxy or carboxylate and / or sulfonate groups and / or ammonium groups.
  • Particularly preferred ionic compounds are those which contain carboxyl and / or sulfonate groups as ionic or potentially ionic groups, such as the salts of - (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, the 2- (2-amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid or the addition product of iPDI and acrylic acid (EP-A 0 916 647, Example 1) and the dimethlylpropionic acid.
  • Suitable nonionic hydrophilicizing compounds (A5) are, for example, polyoxyalkylene ethers containing at least one hydroxy or amino group. These polyethers contain from 30% to 100% by weight of building blocks derived from ethylene oxide. I question are linear polyethers of a functionality between 1 and 3, but also compounds of general formula (III),
  • R 1 and R independently of one another each represent a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical having 1 to 18 C atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen and / or nitrogen atoms, and R 3 is an alkoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide radical.
  • Nonionic hydrophilizing compounds are, for example, also monovalent polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols having a statistical average of> 5 to ⁇ 70, preferably> 7 to ⁇ 55 ethylene oxide units per molecule, as are obtainable in a conventional manner by alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules (for example in Ullmanns Encyclopaedia der Technical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 19, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim pp. 31-38).
  • Suitable starter molecules are, for example, saturated monoalcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, the isomers pentanols, hexanols, octanols and nonanols, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n Hexadecanol, n-octadecanol, cyclohexanol, the isomeric methylcyclohexanols or hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as, for example, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, 1.1 methylalcohol
  • Alkylene oxides which are suitable for the alkoxylation reaction are, in particular, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which can be used in any desired order or even as a mixture in the alkoxylation reaction.
  • the polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols are either pure polyethylene oxide polyethers or mixed polyalkylene oxide polyethers whose alkylene oxide units consist of at least 30 mol%, preferably at least 40 mol%, of ethylene oxide units.
  • Preferred nonionic compounds are monofunctional mixed polyalkylene oxide polyethers which have at least 40 mol% of ethylene oxide and not more than 60 mol% of propylene oxide units.
  • ionic hydrophilicizing agents For the preparation of the polyurethane (A), a combination of ionic (A4) and nonionic (A5) hydrophilicizing agents may be used. Anionic hydrophilicizing agents are preferably used.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion (A) which is the reaction product of a mixture of 11DI and IPDI (AI), a homopoly addition product of the propylene oxide having a molecular weight of 800 to 1500 Da and a functionality of 1.92 to 2.05 (A2), 1, 4-butanediol (A3) and the sodium salt of 2- (2-amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid.
  • A aqueous polyurethane dispersion
  • AI a mixture of 11DI and IPDI
  • AI a homopoly addition product of the propylene oxide having a molecular weight of 800 to 1500 Da and a functionality of 1.92 to 2.05
  • A3 1, 4-butanediol
  • 2- (2-amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid 2- (2-amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid.
  • the preparation of the aqueous polyurethane (A) can be carried out in one or more stages in homogeneous, or in multistage reaction, partly in disperse phase. After complete or partial polyaddition carried out a dispersing, emulsifying or dissolving step. This is followed, if appropriate, by a further polyaddition or modification in disperse phase.
  • melt-emulsifying, prepolymer-mixing and acetone process is particularly preferred.
  • acetone V experienced.
  • the constituents (A2) to (A5) which have no primary or secondary amino groups, and a polyisocyanate (AI) for the preparation of a polyurethane prepolymer in the reactor in whole or in part, and optionally with a water-miscible but against isocyanate groups diluted inert solvent, but preferably without solvent, to higher temperatures, preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C, heated.
  • a polyisocyanate (AI) for the preparation of a polyurethane prepolymer in the reactor in whole or in part, and optionally with a water-miscible but against isocyanate groups diluted inert solvent, but preferably without solvent, to higher temperatures, preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C, heated.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which may be added not only at the beginning of the preparation, but also in some cases later.
  • Preferred are acetone and butanone. It is possible to carry out the reaction under normal pressure or elevated pressure, for example, above the normal pressure boiling temperature of a solvent such as acetone.
  • the catalysts known for accelerating the Isocyanatadditionsretress such as triethylamine, l, 4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, dibutyltin oxide, tin dioctoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin bis (2-ethylhexanoate), zinc dioctoate, zinc -bis (2-ethylhexanoate) or other metal organic compounds are initially charged or added later.
  • the constituents (AI), (A2), if appropriate (A3) and (A4) and / or (A5), which are not yet added at the beginning of the reaction, are then metered in, and have likewise no higher primary or secondary amino groups. preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C, heated ..
  • the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups > 0.90 to ⁇ 3, preferably> 0.95 to ⁇ 2.5, especially preferably> 1.05 to ⁇ 2.0.
  • the reaction of components (AI) to (A5) is based on the total amount of isocyanate-reactive groups of the part from (A2) to (A5), which has no primary or secondary amino groups, partially or completely, but preferably completely.
  • the degree of conversion is usually monitored by monitoring the NCO content of the reaction mixture.
  • spectroscopic measurements for example infrared or near-infrared spectra, can be used.
  • Polyurethane prepolymers containing free isocyanate groups are obtained in bulk or in solution.
  • the partial or complete salt formation of the anionically and / or cationically dispersing groups takes place.
  • bases such as ammonia, ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogencarbonate, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate are used, preferably triethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine or diisopropylethylamine.
  • the molar amount of the bases is between 50 and 120%, preferably between 50 and 100% and particularly preferably between 60 and 90% of the molar amount of the anionic groups.
  • cationic groups organic or inorganic acids are used. If only nonionically hydrophilized compounds (A5) with ether groups are used, the neutralization step is omitted. The neutralization can also take place simultaneously with the dispersion in which the dispersing water already contains the neutralizing agent.
  • Possible aminic components are (A2), (A3) and (A4) with which optionally still flat isocyanate groups can be reacted.
  • This chain extension can be carried out either in a solvent before dispersing, during dispersion or in water after dispersion. If used as (A4) aminic components, the chain extension is preferably carried out before the dispersion.
  • the aminic component (A3) or (A4) may be added to the reaction mixture with organic solvents and / or diluted with water. Preference is given to using> 70% by weight to ⁇ 95% by weight of solvent and / or water. If several amino components are present, the reaction can be carried out successively in any order or simultaneously by adding a mixture.
  • the polyurethane prepolymers In order to prepare the polyurethane dispersion (A), the polyurethane prepolymers, if appropriate under high shear, for example by vigorous stirring or using a jet jet disperser, are either introduced into the dispersing water or, conversely, the dispersing water is stirred into the prepolymers. Then, if not yet done in the homogeneous phase, the molecular weight increase by reaction of optionally present isocyanate groups with the component (A2), (A3) take place.
  • the amount of polyamine (A2), (A3) used depends on the remaining unreacted isocyanate groups. Preferably,> 45 to ⁇ 100%>, particularly preferably> 50 to ⁇ 75%> of the molar amount of the isocyanate groups is reacted with polyamines (A2), (A3).
  • the organic solvent can be distilled off.
  • the dispersions have a solids content of> 10 to ⁇ 70% by weight, preferably> 25 to ⁇ 65% by weight and more preferably> 30 to ⁇ 60% by weight>.
  • the polyurethane dispersions alone or with known binders, excipients and impact substances, in particular light stabilizers such as UV absorbers and sterically hindered amines (HALS), furthermore antioxidants, fillers and paint auxiliaries, for example anti-settling agents, defoaming and / or wetting agents, leveling agents, reactive - Thinners.
  • Plasticizers, catalysts, auxiliary solvents and / or thickeners and additives such as dispersions, pigments, dyes or matting agents are used, in particular, combinations with polyurethane dispersions or polyacrylate dispersions, which may optionally be hydroxy-functional, easily possible.
  • the additives can be added to the PU dispersions immediately before processing. However, it is also possible to add at least part of the additives before or during the dispersion of the binder or binder / crosslinker mixture. The selection and the dosage of these substances, which can be added to the individual components and / or the total mixture, are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • embedded fastening elements are provided in the building part, which are accessible on the surface of the building part and to which the textile is adhered.
  • the accessible part of the fastener is arranged flush with the surface of the building part.
  • a fastener may be, for example, an anchor fastener. It is also possible that the fastener penetrates the building part and is glued on both sides with the textile.
  • Another object of the present invention is a reinforced building part, comprising a bonded on its surface textile, the textile before bonding has a ductility of> 1.0 and the adhesive in the cured state has a ductility of> 1.5 and wherein the ductility in each case as the ratio of the amount of the total elastic and plastic deformation is determined to the amount of elastic deformation.
  • the reinforced part of the building then has a ductility of> 2, preferably> 3.
  • the reinforced building part can be obtained by a method according to the invention. It is furthermore possible to use all the embodiments mentioned in connection with the method according to the invention individually or in combination for the production of the reinforced building part. For details, reference is made to the above remarks to avoid unnecessary repetition.
  • an inventive reinforced building part wherein the textile comprises an at least biaxial tissue and on the at least biaxial tissue additional fibers are arranged in the form of a Geleges.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a textile in combination with an adhesive for reinforcing a building part, wherein the textile is adhered to the surface of the building part by means of an adhesive, wherein the textile before ducting a ductility of> 1, 0 and the adhesive in the cured state has a ductility of> 1.5 and wherein the ductility is in each case determined as the ratio of the amount of the total elastic and plastic deformation to the amount of elastic deformation.
  • the textile comprises an at least biaxial tissue and on the at least biaxial tissue additional fibers are arranged in the form of a Geleges.
  • the adhesive comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • FIG. 1 the vertical laying of textiles to reinforce a part of the building
  • FIG. 2 an additionally reinforced with a recessed fastener building part
  • FIG. 3 a reinforced on both sides with a recessed fastener building part
  • FIG. 4 shows a textile usable according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows another textile usable according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 the results of a shear deformation test (lime sandstone masonry)
  • FIG. 7 the results of a plate bending test (lime sandstone masonry)
  • FIG. 8 the results of a plate bending test (brick masonry)
  • FIG. 9 the shear strength of the adhesive FIG. 1 shows the vertical laying of textiles in the context of the method according to the invention.
  • Textile webs 11, 12, 13 selected according to the invention are adhesively bonded to masonry with an adhesive selected according to the invention. This is done overlapping, so that, for example, the left edges 1, 3, 7 of the textile webs 11, 12, 13 come to rest under (or over) the right edges 5, 9 of the webs.
  • FIG. 2 shows an additionally reinforced with a recessed fastener in the form of an anchor 25 masonry 15.
  • the reaching through the plaster layer 17 anchor 25 is secured by mortar or adhesive 23 in the masonry 15.
  • a textile 21 selected according to the invention is glued to the plaster 17 and the part of the anchor 25 which extends to the outside by means of adhesive 19 selected according to the invention. Interfaces between the layers are textile adhesive 27 and 33, adhesive plaster 29 and 35 and plaster masonry 31 and 37.
  • FIG. 3 shows a masonry 45 reinforced on both sides with a fastening element in the form of an anchor (without reference number, analogous to FIG. 2).
  • Plaster layers 43, 47 are provided on both sides of the masonry 45, through which the armature protrudes.
  • Fabrics 39, 51 selected according to the invention are bonded to the plaster layers 43, 47 by means of adhesives 41, 49 selected according to the invention.
  • Interfaces between the layers are textile air 53 and 67, textile adhesive 55 and 65, adhesive plaster 57 and 63, and plaster masonry 59 and 61.
  • FIG. FIG. 4 shows an example of a textile usable in the context of the selection according to the invention in the form of a fabric.
  • the fabric is here in plain weave, with weft thread 69 and warp threads 71, 73 and 75 are listed by way of example.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further example of a textile which can be used within the scope of the selection according to the invention.
  • 1 lier is a biaxial fabric in plain weave, with weft 79 and warp 77 are listed by way of example. Additional fibers 81, 83 are arranged in the form of a mat or fleece on the fabric.
  • FIG. 6 shows the load-displacement curves of two stone-shearing tests. The curve 601 represents an amplified and curve 602 an unamplified sample.
  • FIG. FIG. 7 shows the load-displacement curves of two plate bodies (consisting of 6 sand-lime bricks), which were determined in the 3-point bending test.
  • the curve 701 represents an amplified and curve 702 an unamplified sample.
  • FIG. 8 shows the load-displacement curves of two plate bodies (consisting of 6 bricks), which were determined in the 3-point bending test.
  • the curve 801 represents an amplified and curve 802 an unamplified sample.
  • FIG. 9 shows the shear stress-displacement curve of the adhesive used.
  • 1252.5 g of a Polypropylenoxiddiols (OH number 1 12, average molecular weight 1000 g / mol) were dehydrated at 100 ° C and 50 mbar for 60 min. Then, 1 12.4 g of 1, 4-butanediol, and 0.170 g of zinc bis (Borchi ® Kat 22 from OMG Borchers GmbH, Germany) was added 2-ethylhexanoate (5 1 and the mixture is homogenized at 90 ° C min.
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • HD hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • 5000 g of the aqueous dispersion were placed at room temperature in a 10 liter vessel and with vigorous stirring (stirring motor: I leidolph RZR 2100 electronic, stirrer: Visco Jet®, speed about 1000 rev / min) were 150 g of a mixture of 60 g Borchi gel ® L 75 N (poly-urethane-based, non-ionic liquid thickener, 50% supply form from OMG Borchers GmbH, Germany) and 90 g of water was added. The mixture was then stirred for a further 30 minutes.
  • the resulting dispersion had a solids content of 34.7% and a Brookfield viscosity of 97000 1 m Pas (measured with the device Brookfield DV '-II Ultra I viscometer, spindle 4/1 rpm 23 ° C).
  • Example 2 Visual ibTCroforming tests (loading in the wall plane.
  • a textile of ductility 1 was bonded with the adhesive according to Example 1 on a plastered sand-lime brickwork.
  • the results of the panel test are shown in FIG. 7, curve 701, shown.
  • an experiment was carried out which did not involve masonry reinforced according to the invention but only plastered. Its results are shown in curve FIG. 7, curve 702, shown.
  • a textile of ductility 1 was bonded with the adhesive according to Example I on a plastered brick masonry.
  • the results of the panel test are shown in FIG. 8 in curve 801 imaged.
  • an experiment was carried out which did not involve masonry reinforced according to the invention but only plastered. Its results are shown in curve 802.
  • the reinforced plate shows no brittle fracture in contrast to the unreinforced sample (see FIG 8, curve 802) and has a pronounced Nachbruch with residual capacity.
  • Example 4 Shear strength of the adhesive according to DIN 12188
  • An adhesive according to Example 1 is used for bonding a concrete body, which was made in accordance with DIN 12188 with the dimensions 160 mm x 40 mm x 40 mm. Angled average was placed across the longer side at an angle of 45 ", both edges were wetted with adhesive and glued together, the compression load towards the longer side caused the two halves of the sample to shear off 9. After relieving the sample, a permanent displacement of 3 mm is measured, which is the measure of the plastic behavior and thus also of the ductility.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment, comprenant l'étape de collage d'un textile à la surface de la partie de bâtiment au moyen d'une colle. L'invention concerne en outre une telle partie renforcée d'un bâtiment ainsi que l'utilisation d'un textile en combinaison avec une colle pour renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment, le textile étant collé à la surface de la partie de bâtiment au moyen d'une colle.
EP12742924.9A 2011-08-09 2012-08-06 Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment Active EP2742196B1 (fr)

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EP11176886 2011-08-09
PCT/EP2012/065358 WO2013020950A2 (fr) 2011-08-09 2012-08-06 Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment
EP12742924.9A EP2742196B1 (fr) 2011-08-09 2012-08-06 Procédé servant à renforcer une partie d'un bâtiment

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JP6107145B2 (ja) * 2013-01-10 2017-04-05 セメダイン株式会社 建築物補強方法及び繊維強化接着剤シート
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WO2013020950A3 (fr) 2013-04-11
JP6424248B2 (ja) 2018-11-14
CA2844533A1 (fr) 2013-02-14
KR20140058546A (ko) 2014-05-14
JP2017160780A (ja) 2017-09-14
NZ620636A (en) 2016-05-27
CN103874814B (zh) 2018-01-02
CL2014000250A1 (es) 2014-08-18
AR089166A1 (es) 2014-08-06
CO6862143A2 (es) 2014-02-10
TWI589760B (zh) 2017-07-01
TW201333315A (zh) 2013-08-16
JP6129835B2 (ja) 2017-05-17
US9546490B2 (en) 2017-01-17
PE20141014A1 (es) 2014-08-17
MX2014001197A (es) 2014-07-14
RU2014108712A (ru) 2015-09-20
CN103874814A (zh) 2014-06-18
EP2742196B1 (fr) 2017-07-05
ES2636315T3 (es) 2017-10-05
US20140215948A1 (en) 2014-08-07
USRE48584E1 (en) 2021-06-08
JP2014529694A (ja) 2014-11-13

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