EP2741874B1 - Method for hardening a die-cast part - Google Patents
Method for hardening a die-cast part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2741874B1 EP2741874B1 EP12740552.0A EP12740552A EP2741874B1 EP 2741874 B1 EP2741874 B1 EP 2741874B1 EP 12740552 A EP12740552 A EP 12740552A EP 2741874 B1 EP2741874 B1 EP 2741874B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- cylinder crankcase
- die
- hardening
- spraying
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for tempering a cylinder crankcase produced by die casting, wherein first the cylinder crankcase is cast in a mold with at least one fixed and one movable mold half, then the mold is opened by extending the movable mold half, then the cylinder crankcase in the movable mold half is quenched in the following, the cylinder crankcase is ejected from the movable mold half and finally the cylinder crankcase is outsourced warm.
- the disadvantage is that the injected coolant must be distributed over the surface of the casting, so that temperature gradient occur over the casting. Accordingly, a particularly good cooling in the edge region of the gap, at the Eindüsposition. Furthermore, a bad cooling effect can be caused by the Leidenfrost' Basic effect.
- a similar method discloses the DE 10 2006 057 660 A1 .
- a method for die casting in particular of thin-walled components is known in which the component immediately after solidification quenched in the die.
- water can be applied to the casting via a spraying device, as used to cool a casting mold.
- the problem is that with thick-walled components no sufficient cooling effect due to the Leidenfrost' Permanent effect is achieved.
- a metered cooling of the diecasting can be performed, which can be optimized both in terms of position and the introduced amounts of coolant. So optimal microstructural qualities can be achieved.
- the coolant is accelerated so that the Leidenfrost'sehe effect is reliably penetrate even with hot die castings.
- the solid mold half can be sprayed simultaneously with the spraying of the cylinder crankcase in the movable mold half, so that it is cooled in one process step.
- the spray medium is a coolant-air mixture, wherein the ratio between air and coolant is controlled.
- the ratio between air and coolant is controlled.
- the spraying tools of the spraying device are extended from the intermediate space between the mold halves before ejection of the cylinder crankcase and retracted after ejection of the cylinder crankcase for cooling the mold.
- the spraying device is attached to an ejector, so that the spraying device is extended only when ejecting from the space between the mold halves. So can be dispensed with an additional arm on the robot. Furthermore, the cycle time is shortened, as can be dispensed with an extension and retraction.
- a particularly high level of strength can be achieved if the thermal aging is carried out at a temperature of 140-250 ° C., since oversaturated in the aluminum crystal dissolved gases, in contrast to the T6 heat treatment, are not eliminated at these temperatures, and thus does not increase the degree of porosity ,
- a cylinder crankcase can be produced correspondingly, which has different optimum structural properties in the different areas without incurring additional costs.
- the stress critical zones of the cylinder tubes and bushings are covered by the mold half, so that the bearing blocks are selectively sprayed without affecting the cylinder areas to a greater extent, in which a higher hardness is often not desired.
- a mold 2 for performing a die-casting process which has a fixed mold half 4 and a movable mold half 6.
- a spraying device 8 is arranged, which, like the casting mold 2, is connected to a control device 10.
- the spray device 8 usually consists at least of a coolant inlet and a coolant tank, wherein the coolant is conveyed via a frequency-controlled fluid pressure pump to a spray device 12, wherein the pressure of the coolant is increased to 25 bar.
- the pressure-resistant spray device 12 has a plurality of spray tools 14, of which at least one for the spraying of the fixed mold half 4 and one for the spraying of the movable mold half 6 or arranged in the movable mold half 6 die casting 16 are aligned.
- the movement of the spray device 12 and the spray tools 14 can be done computer controlled by the controller 10.
- the spray tools 14 have a compressed air connection and a connection for the coolant and are also designed for the high fluid pressures. In the spray tool 14, the compressed air and the coolant are mixed. This mixture creates a uniform atomization of the coolant. For this purpose, a sufficient flow velocity of the compressed air in the mixing chamber of the spray tool 14 is required, which is ensured by a correspondingly regulated air pump 18 for the compressed air.
- the diecast part 16 is a cylinder crankcase having a bearing seat portion 20 and a cylinder portion 22.
- the mold 2 After casting the die-cast part 16 opens, as in FIG. 2 is shown, the mold 2 so the movable mold half 6 is moved away with the therein diecasting 16 from the fixed mold half 4, so that a space is formed in the about simultaneously with the opening of the mold 2, the spray tools 14 of the sprayer 12 are retracted.
- the spraying tools 14 subsequently spray on one side the fixed mold half 2, which is thus cooled, but on the opposite side the die casting 16 and here due to its position in the mold, especially the thick-walled portion of the bearing block 20, while the stress-critical zones of Cylinder tubes 22 and - remain bushes covered by the movable mold half 6 and the sleeves.
- This effect is particularly high at high temperature gradients, ie high outlet temperatures and low coolant temperatures at the diecasting part, so that the opening of the casting mold 2 is opened as soon as possible after the diecasting part 16 has solidified and the coolant should act as directly as possible on the diecasting part.
- the coolant is applied at a pressure of 25 bar, whereby on the hot mold wall, although a vapor cushion is formed by the evaporation, however, this is not able to keep the other spray according to the Leidenfrost' Permanent effect from the surface, since the spray jet breaks through the steam cushion due to its high kinetic energy. Thus, however, the coolant passes directly to the surface of the die casting 16. This avoids the elimination of equilibrium phases.
- the die casting 16 is ejected after the spraying tools 14 have been extended out of the space between the mold halves. After removal, the spray tools for further cooling of the fixed mold half 4 and the movable mold half 6 can be retracted again.
- the die-cast part is subsequently warm-laid at a temperature of about 150 ° C. In this way, tensile strengths of 300 MPa can be achieved without having to carry out a subsequent homogenization annealing. Elements dissolved in the aluminum crystal are not precipitated and are accordingly available during the curing process.
- cylinder crankcases can be produced which have a markedly increased strength level in the highly loaded bearing block area, without changing the structures in the stress-critical areas of the cylinder tubes. Accordingly, costs can be significantly reduced compared to the otherwise required T6 heat treatment. In this case, particularly good results in terms of the structure are achieved at high temperature gradients between die casting and coolant.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vergütung eines durch Druckgießen hergestellten Zylinderkurbelgehäuses, bei dem zunächst das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse in einer Gießform mit zumindest einer festen und einer beweglichen Formhälfte gegossen wird, daraufhin die Gießform durch Ausfahren der beweglichen Formhälfte geöffnet wird, anschließend das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse in der beweglichen Formhälfte abgeschreckt wird, im Folgenden das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse aus der beweglichen Formhälfte ausgeworfen wird und abschließend das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse warm ausgelagert wird.The invention relates to a method for tempering a cylinder crankcase produced by die casting, wherein first the cylinder crankcase is cast in a mold with at least one fixed and one movable mold half, then the mold is opened by extending the movable mold half, then the cylinder crankcase in the movable mold half is quenched in the following, the cylinder crankcase is ejected from the movable mold half and finally the cylinder crankcase is outsourced warm.
Zum Vergüten beziehungsweise Aushärten von Aluminium-Gusslegierungen sind verschiedene Verfahren bekannt, welche je nach gewünschter Härte, Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung angewendet werden. Bei der Herstellung von Zylinderkurbelgehäusen für die Automobilindustrie wurde in den letzten Jahren zur Vergütung der Aluminiumlegierungen bevorzugt eine T5-Wärmebehandlung angewendet. Bei diesem Verfahren wird das Gussteil aus der Gießhitze kontrolliert, abgekühlt und anschließend warm ausgelagert. Bei diesem Verfahren werden jedoch häufig insbesondere im dickwandigen Lagerstuhlbereich nicht die geforderten Werte prozesssicher erreicht. Insbesondere entsteht durch die Zeitverzögerung zwischen dem Öffnen der Form und der Kühlung ein Temperaturverlust, der zur Ausscheidung von Gleichgewichtsphasen, also zur Reduzierung der Übersättigung des Aluminium-Mischkristalls führt, eine Verringerung des Festigkeitsniveaus des Gussteils, Alternativ ist es bekannt, eine Vergütung durch das T6-Verfahren herbeizuführen. Dabei wird vor dem Warmauslagern zunächst ein Lösungsglühprozess durchgeführt, und das Gussteil abgeschreckt. Diese Homogenisierungsglühung findet bei Temperaturen von etwa 450 bis 540°C statt, so dass ein hoher Energieaufwand erforderlich ist, um bessere Festigkeiten zu erreichen.For tempering or curing of aluminum casting alloys, various processes are known, which are used depending on the desired hardness, tensile strength and elongation. In the production of engine blocks for the automotive industry, T5 heat treatment has been preferably used in recent years for the tempering of aluminum alloys. In this process, the casting is controlled from the casting heat, cooled and then outsourced warm. In this method, however, the required values are often reliably achieved, especially in the thick-walled bearing block area. In particular, due to the time delay between the opening of the mold and the cooling, a temperature loss that leads to the elimination of equilibrium phases, ie to reduce the supersaturation of the aluminum mixed crystal, results in a reduction of the strength level of the casting. Alternatively, it is known that a compensation by the T6 Procedure. there a solution annealing process is carried out before the aging process, and the casting is quenched. This homogenization annealing takes place at temperatures of about 450 to 540 ° C, so that a high energy consumption is required to achieve better strengths.
Ein derartiges Verfahren wird beispielsweise in der
Daher wird in der
Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass das eingedüste Kühlmittel sich über die Fläche des Gussteils verteilen muss, so dass Temperaturgefälle über das Gussteil auftreten. Entsprechend entsteht eine besonders gute Kühlung im Randbereich des Spaltes, an der Eindüsposition. Des Weiteren kann eine schlechte Kühlwirkung durch den Leidenfrost'sehen Effekt entstehen.The disadvantage, however, is that the injected coolant must be distributed over the surface of the casting, so that temperature gradient occur over the casting. Accordingly, a particularly good cooling in the edge region of the gap, at the Eindüsposition. Furthermore, a bad cooling effect can be caused by the Leidenfrost'sehen effect.
Zusätzlich ist es aus der
Ein ähnliches Verfahren offenbart die
Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils bereit zu stellen, mit welchem in gewünschten Bereichen eine Erhöhung der Härte, der Streckgrenze und der Zugfestigkeit der Legierung bei möglichst gleich bleibenden Dehnungswerten erreichbar ist, ohne den Energieverbrauch zu erhöhen.It is therefore an object to provide a method for the compensation of a diecasting, with which in desired areas an increase in the hardness, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy can be achieved at the same possible elongation values without increasing the energy consumption.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
Dadurch, dass unmittelbar nachdem oder während die Gießform geöffnet wird, Sprühwerkzeuge einer Sprühvorrichtung zwischen die Formhälften eingefahren werden, mit welchen ein Kühlmittel zum Abschrecken auf das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse aufgebracht wird, wobei der Sprühdruck mindestens 8 bar, vorzugsweise 25 bar beträgt und die Sprühwerkzeuge auf den Lagerstuhlbereich ausgerichtet werden, kann eine dosierte Kühlung des Druckgussteils durchgeführt werden, welche sowohl bezüglich der Position als auch der eingebrachten Kühlmittelmengen optimiert werden kann. So können optimale Gefügequalitäten erreicht werden. Bei diesen Sprühdrücken wird das Kühlmittel derart beschleunigt, dass der Leidenfrost'sehe Effekt auch bei noch heißen Druckgussteilen zuverlässig durchschlagen wird. Tritt das zerstäubte Kühlmittel durch die Düse aus und trifft mit einer entsprechend hohen Austrittsgeschwindigkeit auf die noch heiße Wand des Gussteils, so entsteht zwar ein Dampfpolster durch die Verdampfung, jedoch ist dieses nicht in der Lage den weiteren Sprühstrahl gemäß des Leidenfrost'sehen Effektes von der Oberfläche fernzuhalten, da der Sprühstrahl aufgrund seiner hohen kinetischen Energie das Dampfpolster durchschlägt. Somit gelangt jedoch das Kühlmittel direkt auf die Oberfläche der Wand. Hieraus resultiert sowohl eine sehr gute Kühlwirkung, als auch eine optimale Benetzung der Formwand der Gussform mit dem Trennmittel. Die besonders kurze Abschreckzeit mit besonders hohem Temperaturgradienten zwischen Kühlmittel und Gussteil führt zu einem hohen Festigkeitspotential für nachfolgende Aushärtungsvorgänge. So kann im hochbelasteten Lagerstuhlbereich eine hohe Festigkeit erzielt werden, ohne die Zylinderbereiche stark zu beeinflussen, und Spannungsniveau signifikant zu erhöhen. Durch das Ausrichten der Sprühwerkzeuge der Sprühvorrichtung auf den dickwandigen Bereich des Lagerstuhls des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses und den dadurch entstehenden Abschreckeffekt werden in den dickwandigen Bereichen Gefüge mit hohen Festigkeiten und guten Dehnungswerten erzielt, da die Übersättigung des Aluminiummischkristalls nicht abgebaut wird und die gelösten Elemente noch für den Aushärtungsprozess zur Verfügung stehen.Characterized in that immediately after or while the mold is opened, spraying tools of a spraying device are retracted between the mold halves, with which a coolant is applied for quenching the cylinder crankcase, wherein the spray pressure is at least 8 bar, preferably 25 bar and the spray tools on the bearing block area be aligned, a metered cooling of the diecasting can be performed, which can be optimized both in terms of position and the introduced amounts of coolant. So optimal microstructural qualities can be achieved. At these spraying pressures, the coolant is accelerated so that the Leidenfrost'sehe effect is reliably penetrate even with hot die castings. Occurs the atomized coolant through the nozzle and hits with a correspondingly high exit velocity on the still hot wall of the casting, so although a vapor cushion by the evaporation, but this is not capable of the other spray according to the Leidenfrost'sehen effect of the Keep surface away as the spray jet is due to its high kinetic energy breaks through the steam cushion. Thus, however, the coolant passes directly to the surface of the wall. This results in both a very good cooling effect, as well as an optimal wetting of the mold wall of the mold with the release agent. The particularly short quenching time with a particularly high temperature gradient between the coolant and the casting leads to a high strength potential for subsequent curing processes. Thus, high strength can be achieved in the highly loaded bearing block area, without greatly affecting the cylinder areas, and significantly increase the voltage level. By aligning the spraying tools of the spraying device on the thick-walled portion of the bearing block of the cylinder crankcase and the resulting quenching effect in the thick-walled areas structure with high strengths and good elongation values are achieved because the supersaturation of the aluminum mixed crystal is not degraded and the dissolved elements still for the curing process be available.
Zur Reduzierung der Taktzeiten kann gleichzeitig mit dem Besprühen des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses in der beweglichen Formhälfte die feste Formhälfte besprüht werden, so dass diese in einem Verfahrensschritt mit gekühlt wird.To reduce the cycle times, the solid mold half can be sprayed simultaneously with the spraying of the cylinder crankcase in the movable mold half, so that it is cooled in one process step.
Vorzugsweise ist das Sprühmedium ein Kühlmittel- Luft- Gemisch, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen Luft und Kühlmittel geregelt wird. So kann eine optimale Zerstäubung erreicht werden, die den Kühleffekt verstärkt.Preferably, the spray medium is a coolant-air mixture, wherein the ratio between air and coolant is controlled. Thus, an optimal atomization can be achieved, which enhances the cooling effect.
In einer weiterführenden Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden vor dem Auswerfen des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses die Sprühwerkzeuge der Sprühvorrichtung aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften ausgefahren und nach dem Auswerfen des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses zur Kühlung der Gießform wieder eingefahren. Durch dieses erneute Besprühen der festen Formhälfte und dem erneuten Besprühen der beweglichen Formhälfte werden diese besonders schnell für den nächsten Zyklus zur Verfügung gestellt.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the spraying tools of the spraying device are extended from the intermediate space between the mold halves before ejection of the cylinder crankcase and retracted after ejection of the cylinder crankcase for cooling the mold. By re-spraying the solid mold half and the renewed Spraying the movable mold half will make it available very quickly for the next cycle.
Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Sprühvorrichtung an einem Auswerferarm befestigt ist, so dass die Sprühvorrichtung erst beim Auswerfen aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften ausgefahren wird. So kann auf einen zusätzlichen Arm am Roboter verzichtet werden. Des Weiteren wird die Taktzeit verkürzt, da auf ein Ein- und Ausfahren verzichtet werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if the spraying device is attached to an ejector, so that the spraying device is extended only when ejecting from the space between the mold halves. So can be dispensed with an additional arm on the robot. Furthermore, the cycle time is shortened, as can be dispensed with an extension and retraction.
Ein besonders hohes Festigkeitsniveau lässt sich erreichen, wenn das Warmauslagern bei einer Temperatur von 140 - 250 °C durchgeführt wird, da übersättigt im Aluminiumkristall gelöste Gase, im Gegensatz zur T6 Wärmebehandlung, bei diesen Temperaturen nicht ausgeschieden werden, und somit keine Erhöhung des Porositätsgrades erfolgt.A particularly high level of strength can be achieved if the thermal aging is carried out at a temperature of 140-250 ° C., since oversaturated in the aluminum crystal dissolved gases, in contrast to the T6 heat treatment, are not eliminated at these temperatures, and thus does not increase the degree of porosity ,
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses kann entsprechend ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse hergestellt werden, welches in den unterschiedlichen Bereichen unterschiedliche optimale Gefügeeigenschaften aufweist, ohne dass zusätzliche Kosten entstehen. Die spannungskritischen Zonen der Zylinderrohre und -buchsen sind durch die Formhälfte abgedeckt, so dass die Lagerstühle selektiv angesprüht werden ohne die Zylinderbereiche in höherem Maße zu beeinflussen, in denen eine höhere Härte häufig nicht gewünscht ist.With the method according to the invention for the compensation of a cylinder crankcase, a cylinder crankcase can be produced correspondingly, which has different optimum structural properties in the different areas without incurring additional costs. The stress critical zones of the cylinder tubes and bushings are covered by the mold half, so that the bearing blocks are selectively sprayed without affecting the cylinder areas to a greater extent, in which a higher hardness is often not desired.
Im Folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beispielhaft anhand der Figuren erklärt.
-
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch die geschlossene Gießform. -
zeigt die Gießform nach dem Öffnen.Figur 2 -
Figur 3 zeigt die Gießform nach dem Auswerfen des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses.
-
FIG. 1 schematically shows the closed mold. -
FIG. 2 shows the mold after opening. -
FIG. 3 shows the mold after ejecting the cylinder crankcase.
In der
Das druckfest ausgeführte Sprühgerät 12 weist mehrere Sprühwerkzeuge 14 auf, von denen jeweils zumindest eine für das Besprühen der festen Formhälfte 4 und eine für das Besprühen der beweglichen Formhälfte 6 beziehungsweise eines in der beweglichen Formhälfte 6 angeordneten Druckgussteils 16 ausgerichtet sind. Die Bewegung des Sprühgerätes 12 und der Sprühwerkzeuge 14 kann dabei computergesteuert über das Steuergerät 10 erfolgen. Die Sprühwerkzeuge 14 weisen einen Druckluftanschluss und einen Anschluss für das Kühlmittel auf und sind ebenfalls auf die hohen Fluiddrücke ausgelegt. Im Sprühwerkzeug 14 werden die Druckluft und das Kühlmittel gemischt. Durch diese Mischung entsteht eine gleichmäßige Zerstäubung des Kühlmittels. Hierzu ist eine ausreichende Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Druckluft in der Mischkammer des Sprühwerkzeugs 14 erforderlich, die durch eine entsprechend geregelte Luftpumpe 18 für die Druckluft sichergestellt wird.The pressure-
Das Druckgussteil 16 ist ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse mit einem Lagerstuhlbereich 20 und einem Zylinderbereich 22.The
Nach dem Gießen des Druckgussteils 16 öffnet sich, wie in
Dies ist auf den Abschreckeffekt zurückzuführen, durch den die Ausscheidung von Gleichgewichtsphasen verhindert wird und ein hoher Übersättigungsgrad des Aluminiummischkristalls erhalten bleibt und somit ein hohes Festigkeitsniveau, vergleichbar mit einer Homogenisierungsbehandlung, erzielt werden kann. Dieser Effekt ist bei hohen Temperaturgradienten, also hohen Ausgangstemperaturen und niedrigen Kühlmitteltemperaturen am Druckgussteil besonders hoch, so dass die Öffnung der Gießform 2 möglichst unmittelbar nachdem das Druckgussteil 16 erstarrt ist, geöffnet wird und das Kühlmittel möglichst unmittelbar am Druckgussteil wirken sollte. Hierzu wird das Kühlmittel mit einem Druck von 25bar aufgebracht, wodurch auf der heißen Formwand zwar ein Dampfpolster durch die Verdampfung entsteht, jedoch ist dieses nicht in der Lage den weiteren Sprühstrahl gemäß des Leidenfrost'sehen Effektes von der Oberfläche fernzuhalten, da der Sprühstrahl aufgrund seiner hohen kinetischen Energie das Dampfpolster durchschlägt. Somit gelangt jedoch das Kühlmittel direkt auf die Oberfläche des Druckgussteils 16. Hierdurch wird ein Ausscheiden von Gleichgewichtsphasen vermieden.This is due to the quenching effect, which prevents the precipitation of equilibrium phases and maintains a high degree of supersaturation of the aluminum mixed crystal and thus a high level of strength, comparable to a homogenization treatment, can be achieved. This effect is particularly high at high temperature gradients, ie high outlet temperatures and low coolant temperatures at the diecasting part, so that the opening of the
Im Folgenden wird das Druckgussteil 16 ausgeworfen, nachdem die Sprühwerkzeuge 14 aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften ausgefahren wurden. Nach der Entnahme können die Sprühwerkzeuge zur weiteren Kühlung der festen Formhälfte 4 und der beweglichen Formhälfte 6 wieder eingefahren werden. Alternativ ist es möglich, die Sprühvorrichtung 8 direkt am Auswerferarm zu befestigen, so dass auf ein Ausfahren der Sprühvorrichtung 8 vor dem Auswerfen verzichtet werden kann.Hereinafter, the die casting 16 is ejected after the
Das Druckgussteil wird im Folgenden bei einer Temperatur von etwa 150°C warmausgelagert. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Zugfestigkeiten von 300MPa erreichen, ohne eine folgende Homogenisierungsglühung durchführen zu müssen. Im Aluminiumkristall gelöste Elemente werden nicht ausgeschieden und stehen entsprechend beim Aushärtungsvorgang zur Verfügung.The die-cast part is subsequently warm-laid at a temperature of about 150 ° C. In this way, tensile strengths of 300 MPa can be achieved without having to carry out a subsequent homogenization annealing. Elements dissolved in the aluminum crystal are not precipitated and are accordingly available during the curing process.
Aus alledem folgt, dass mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens Zylinderkurbelgehäuse hergestellt werden können, die im hochbelasteten Lagerstuhlbereich ein deutlich erhöhtes Festigkeitsniveau aufweisen, ohne die Strukturen in den spannungskritischen Bereichen der Zylinderrohre zu ändern. Entsprechend können Kosten im Vergleich zur sonst notwendigen T6-Wärmebehandlung deutlich reduziert werden. Dabei werden bei hohen Temperaturgradienten zwischen Druckgussteil und Kühlmittel besonders gute Ergebnisse bezüglich des Gefüges erzielt.It follows from all that, by means of the method according to the invention, cylinder crankcases can be produced which have a markedly increased strength level in the highly loaded bearing block area, without changing the structures in the stress-critical areas of the cylinder tubes. Accordingly, costs can be significantly reduced compared to the otherwise required T6 heat treatment. In this case, particularly good results in terms of the structure are achieved at high temperature gradients between die casting and coolant.
Es sollte deutlich sein, dass der Schutzbereich der Anmeldung nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt ist. Insbesondere können sich die Druckgussformen und Sprühgeräte von den dargestellten unterscheiden.It should be clear that the scope of protection of the application is not limited to the embodiment described. In particular, the die casting molds and sprayers may differ from those shown.
Claims (7)
- A method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting, the method comprising the following steps:- casting the cylinder crankcase (16) in a casting mold (2) having at least one fixed and one movable mold half (4, 6),- opening the casting mold (2) by moving out the movable mold half (6),- quenching the cylinder crankcase (16) in the movable mold half (6),- ejecting the cylinder crankcase (16) from the movable mold half (6),- ageing the cylinder crankcase (16) artificially,characterized in that
spraying tools (14) of a spraying device (8) are inserted between the mold halves (4, 6) immediately after or while the casting mold (2) is opened, with which spraying tools a coolant is applied to the cylinder crankcase (16) to quench the same, wherein the spraying pressure is at least 8 bar and the spraying tools (14) are directed towards the bearing bracket portion (20). - The method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying pressure is 25 bar.
- The method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixed mold half (4) is sprayed at the same time as the cylinder crankcase (16) in the movable mold half (6).
- The method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spray medium is a cooling agent/air mixture, wherein the ratio of air and cooling agent is controlled.
- The method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, prior to the ejection of the cylinder crankcase (16), the spraying tools (14) of the spraying device (8) are moved out of the gap between the mold halves (4, 6) and are inserted again to cool the mold (2) after the cylinder crankcase (16) has been ejected.
- The method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spraying device (8) is mounted on an ejector arm so that the spraying device (8) is moved out of the gap between the two mold halves (4, 6) only upon ejection.
- The method for hardening a cylinder crankcase (16) made by die-casting of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the artificial ageing is performed at a temperature of 140 - 250°C.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL12740552T PL2741874T3 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2012-07-19 | Method for hardening a die-cast part |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011052514.9A DE102011052514B4 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2011-08-09 | Method of tempering a cylinder crankcase produced by die casting |
PCT/EP2012/064178 WO2013020786A1 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2012-07-19 | Method for hardening a die-cast part |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2741874A1 EP2741874A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP2741874B1 true EP2741874B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
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EP12740552.0A Active EP2741874B1 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2012-07-19 | Method for hardening a die-cast part |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2741874B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103717328A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011052514B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2728133T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE045223T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2741874T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2571978C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013020786A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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CN105397055A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-16 | 重庆纽思塔科技有限公司 | Die spraying system |
DE102017007085A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2018-10-04 | Daimler Ag | Method for cooling a casting |
CN112404392A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-02-26 | 蚌埠隆华压铸机有限公司 | Multi-functional extrusion forges adjustable die casting machine |
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DE19901508A1 (en) | 1999-01-16 | 2000-08-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Process for the production of castings from aluminum alloys |
DE102005039049A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 | 2007-02-22 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Ag | Method for producing a casting and cylinder crankcase |
DE102006057660A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Procedure for die casting of a thin walled non-ferrous e.g. aluminum component, comprises introducing a melted material under pressure into die, tempering the component in the die by water using a spraying device, and heating the component |
DE102009010361B3 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-10-28 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Gmbh | Method and spray device for applying a surface treatment agent to a mold wall of a casting mold |
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DE2318199C2 (en) * | 1973-04-11 | 1974-11-14 | Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Process for the heat treatment of cast parts made of a magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy |
DE3325198C2 (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1998-10-29 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Method and arrangement for cleaning cold rolled metal strips |
DE8810085U1 (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1988-10-20 | Elhaus, Friedrich Wilhelm, Dipl.-Ing., 7703 Rielasingen-Worblingen | Spray water quenching device for extruded profiles |
JPH105966A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-13 | Topy Ind Ltd | Cooling casting method of light alloy wheel and casting device |
DE19911374A1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-11-18 | Wotec Automationssysteme Gmbh | Method and apparatus for spraying a release agent onto casting molds |
DE19952116B4 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2006-09-28 | Audi Ag | Use of a metal die casting produced by vacuum casting |
RU2176174C1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Ковровский электромеханический завод" | Method of casting with crystallization under pressure |
DE10309930A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-23 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Configuration of a spray system for wetting a casting tool mold by a coolant based on a computer data model of the casting tool useful in the computer simulation of casting processes |
DE20320840U1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-03-31 | Alutec Belte Ag | Process for quenching cast part made from light metal alloy comprises using gaseous quenching medium |
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RU2404017C2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2010-11-20 | Кожокин Тимофей Иванович | Method of pressure die-casting with crystallisation |
DE102009033387B4 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-12-06 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Method and device for casting moldings, in particular non-iron anodes |
DE102010009118B4 (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2017-04-20 | Audi Ag | Process for the heat treatment of castings |
-
2011
- 2011-08-09 DE DE102011052514.9A patent/DE102011052514B4/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-07-19 EP EP12740552.0A patent/EP2741874B1/en active Active
- 2012-07-19 RU RU2014109026/02A patent/RU2571978C2/en active
- 2012-07-19 HU HUE12740552A patent/HUE045223T2/en unknown
- 2012-07-19 ES ES12740552T patent/ES2728133T3/en active Active
- 2012-07-19 WO PCT/EP2012/064178 patent/WO2013020786A1/en unknown
- 2012-07-19 PL PL12740552T patent/PL2741874T3/en unknown
- 2012-07-19 CN CN201280039003.5A patent/CN103717328A/en active Pending
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GB1148928A (en) | 1966-11-03 | 1969-04-16 | Olin Mathieson | Process for cooling a copper, aluminum, aluminum base alloy or copper base alloy article |
DE19901508A1 (en) | 1999-01-16 | 2000-08-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Process for the production of castings from aluminum alloys |
DE102005039049A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 | 2007-02-22 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Ag | Method for producing a casting and cylinder crankcase |
DE102006057660A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Procedure for die casting of a thin walled non-ferrous e.g. aluminum component, comprises introducing a melted material under pressure into die, tempering the component in the die by water using a spraying device, and heating the component |
DE102009010361B3 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-10-28 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Gmbh | Method and spray device for applying a surface treatment agent to a mold wall of a casting mold |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2014109026A (en) | 2015-09-20 |
WO2013020786A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
RU2571978C2 (en) | 2015-12-27 |
ES2728133T3 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
DE102011052514B4 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
DE102011052514A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
EP2741874A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
HUE045223T2 (en) | 2019-12-30 |
CN103717328A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
PL2741874T3 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
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