EP2741874A1 - Method for hardening a die-cast part - Google Patents

Method for hardening a die-cast part

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Publication number
EP2741874A1
EP2741874A1 EP12740552.0A EP12740552A EP2741874A1 EP 2741874 A1 EP2741874 A1 EP 2741874A1 EP 12740552 A EP12740552 A EP 12740552A EP 2741874 A1 EP2741874 A1 EP 2741874A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
cast part
casting
mold
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12740552.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2741874B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Reiter
Herbert MÖDING
Steffen Ziegler
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KS Huayu Alutech GmbH
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KS Aluminium Technologie GmbH
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Application filed by KS Aluminium Technologie GmbH filed Critical KS Aluminium Technologie GmbH
Priority to PL12740552T priority Critical patent/PL2741874T3/en
Publication of EP2741874A1 publication Critical patent/EP2741874A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the tempering of a diecast part, in which first the diecasting part is cast in a casting mold with at least one fixed and one movable die, then the die is opened by extending the movable die half, then the diecast part in the movable die half is quenched, in the following, the diecast part is ejected from the movable mold half and finally the diecasting is hot or cold outsourced.
  • DE 10 2007 041 445 A1 proposes a method for cooling cast parts, in which the mold is slightly opened after solidification of the sprue channel and after solidification of the cast part, the gap being smaller than the thickness of the cast part and subsequently into the gap is injected with a coolant. This cycle times are to be improved.
  • the disadvantage is that the injected coolant must be distributed over the surface of the casting, so that temperature gradient occur over the casting. Accordingly, a particularly good cooling in the edge region of the gap, at the Eindüsposition. Furthermore, a bad cooling effect can be caused by the Leidenfrost ' see effect. It is therefore an object to provide a method for the compensation of a diecasting, with which in desired areas an increase in the hardness, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy can be achieved at the same possible elongation values without increasing the energy consumption.
  • the spraying tools of the spraying device are aligned with thick-walled areas of the die-cast part.
  • the spray pressure is at least 8 bar, preferably 25 bar.
  • the coolant is accelerated so that the Leidenfrost ' see effect is reliably penetrate even with hot die castings. If the atomized coolant exits through the nozzle and hits the still hot wall of the casting at a correspondingly high rate of speed, a vapor cushion is produced by the evaporation, but this is not capable of spraying the further spray according to the Leidenfrost ' effect of the Keep away surface, since the spray jet breaks through the steam cushion due to its high kinetic energy. Thus, however, the coolant passes directly to the surface of the wall.
  • the solid mold half can be sprayed simultaneously with the spraying of the diecast part in the movable mold half, so that it is also cooled in one process step.
  • the spray medium is a coolant-air mixture, wherein the ratio between air and coolant is controlled.
  • the ratio between air and coolant is controlled.
  • the spraying tools of the spraying device are extended out of the intermediate space between the mold halves before the ejection of the die-cast part and retracted again after the ejection of the die-cast part for cooling the casting mold.
  • the spraying device is attached to an ejector, so that the spraying device is extended only when ejecting from the space between the mold halves. So can be dispensed with an additional arm on the robot. Furthermore, the cycle time is shortened, as can be dispensed with an extension and retraction.
  • a particularly high level of strength can be achieved if the thermal aging is carried out at a temperature of 140-250 ° C., since oversaturated in the aluminum crystal dissolved gases, in contrast to the T6 heat treatment, are not eliminated at these temperatures, and thus does not increase the degree of porosity .
  • the die casting is a cylinder crankcase and the spray tools are aligned with the bearing block area.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the closed mold.
  • FIG. 2 shows the mold after opening.
  • FIG. 3 shows the casting mold after ejection of the die-cast part.
  • FIG. 1 shows a casting mold 2 for carrying out a diecasting process which has a fixed mold half 4 and a movable mold 6.
  • a spraying device 8 is arranged, which, like the casting mold 2, is connected to a control device 10.
  • the spray device 8 usually consists at least of a coolant inlet and a coolant tank, wherein the coolant is conveyed via a frequency-controlled fluid pressure pump to a spray device 12, wherein the pressure of the coolant is increased to 25 bar.
  • the pressure-resistant spray device 12 has a plurality of spray tools 14, of which at least one for the spraying of the fixed mold half 4 and one for the spraying of the movable mold half 6 or arranged in the movable mold half 6 die casting 16 are aligned.
  • the movement of the spray device 12 and the spray tools 14 can be done computer controlled by the controller 10.
  • the spray tools 14 have a compressed air connection and a connection for the coolant and are also designed for the high fluid pressures. In the spray tool 14, the compressed air and the coolant are mixed. This mixture creates a uniform atomization of the coolant. For this purpose, a sufficient flow velocity of the compressed air in the mixing chamber of the spray tool 14 is required, which is ensured by a correspondingly regulated air pump 18 for the compressed air.
  • the die cast part 16 in the present exemplary embodiment is a cylinder crankcase with a bearing seat area 20 and a cylinder area 22.
  • This effect is particularly high at high temperature gradients, ie high outlet temperatures and low coolant temperatures at the diecasting part, so that the opening of the casting mold 2 is opened as soon as possible after the diecasting part 16 has solidified and the coolant should act as directly as possible on the diecasting part.
  • the coolant is applied at a pressure of 25bar, which on the hot mold wall, although a vapor cushion is formed by the evaporation, but this is not able to keep the other spray according to the Leidenfrost ' effect effect from the surface, since the spray due to its high kinetic energy breaks through the steam cushion.
  • the coolant passes directly to the surface of the die casting 16. This avoids the elimination of equilibrium phases.
  • the die casting 16 is ejected after the spraying tools 14 have been extended out of the space between the mold halves. After removal, the spraying tools for further cooling of the fixed mold half 4 and the movable mold half 6 are retracted again.
  • the die-cast part is subsequently warm-laid at a temperature of about 150 ° C. In this way, tensile strengths of 300 MPa can be achieved without having to carry out a subsequent homogenization annealing. Elements dissolved in the aluminum crystal
  • cylinder crankcases can be produced which have a markedly increased strength level in the highly loaded bearing block area, without changing the structures in the stress-critical areas of the cylinder tubes. Accordingly, costs can be significantly reduced compared to the otherwise necessary T6 heat treatment. In this case, particularly good results in terms of the structure are achieved at high temperature gradients between die casting and coolant.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Methods for hardening die-cast parts are known, in which firstly the die-cast part (16) is poured into a casting mould (2) having at least one fixed and one movable mould half (4, 6), then the casting mould (2) is opened by moving out the movable mould half (6), the die-cast part (16) in the movable mould half (6) is quenched, then the die-cast part (16) is ejected from the movable mould half (6) and finally, the die-cast part (16) is aged artificially. To increase the strength, according to the invention, spray tools (14) of a spraying device (8) are inserted between the mould halves (4, 6) immediately after or while the casting mould (2) is opened, with which spray tools a coolant is applied to the die-cast part (16) to quench same.

Description

B E S C H R E I B U N G Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils  B E S C H R E I N A G Method of annealing a die-cast part
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils, bei dem zunächst das Druckgussteil in einer Gießform mit zumindest einer festen und einer beweglichen Form hälft e gegossen wird, daraufhin die der Gießform durch Ausfahren der beweglichen Formhälfte geöffnet wird, anschließend das Druckgussteil in der beweglichen Formhälfte abgeschreckt wird, im Folgenden das Druckgussteil aus der beweglichen Formhälfte ausgeworfen wird und abschließend das Druckgussteil warm- oder kaltausgelagert wird. The invention relates to a method for the tempering of a diecast part, in which first the diecasting part is cast in a casting mold with at least one fixed and one movable die, then the die is opened by extending the movable die half, then the diecast part in the movable die half is quenched, in the following, the diecast part is ejected from the movable mold half and finally the diecasting is hot or cold outsourced.
Zum Vergüten beziehungsweise Aushärten von Aluminium- Gusslegierungen sind verschiedene Verfahren bekannt, welche je nach gewünschter Härte, Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung angewendet werden. Bei der Herstellung von Zylinderkurbelgehäusen für die Automobilindustrie wurde in den letzten Jahren zur Vergütung der Aluminiumlegierungen bevorzugt eine T5-Wärmebehandlung angewendet. Bei diesem Verfahren wird das Gussteil aus der Gießhitze kontrolliert akgekühlt und anschließend warm ausgelagert. Bei diesem Verfahren werden jedoch häufig insbesondere im dickwandigen Lagerstuhlbereich nicht die geforderten Werte prozesssicher erreicht. Insbesondere entsteht durch die Zeitverzögerung zwischen dem Öffnen der Form und der Kühlung ein Temperaturverlust, der zur Ausscheidung von Gleichgewichtsphasen, also zur Reduzierung der Übersättigung des Aluminium-Mischkristalls führt, eine Verringerung des Festigkeitsniveaus des Gussteils. Alternativ ist es bekannt, eine Vergütung durch das T6-Verfahren herbeizuführen. Dabei wird vor dem Warmauslagern zunächst ein Lösungsglühprozess durchgeführt, und das Gussteil abgeschreckt. Diese Homogenisierungsglühung findet bei Temperaturen von etwa 450 bis 540°C statt, so dass ein hoher Energieaufwand erforderlich ist, um bessere Festigkeiten zu erreichen. For tempering or curing of aluminum casting alloys, various processes are known, which are used depending on the desired hardness, tensile strength and elongation. In the production of engine blocks for the automotive industry, T5 heat treatment has been preferably used in recent years for the tempering of aluminum alloys. In this process, the cast part is cooled from the casting heat and then hot-aged. In this method, however, the required values are often reliably achieved, especially in the thick-walled bearing block area. In particular, due to the time delay between the opening of the mold and the cooling, a temperature loss which leads to the precipitation of equilibrium phases, ie to the reduction of the supersaturation of the aluminum mixed crystal, results in a reduction of the strength level of the cast part. Alternatively, it is known to effect compensation by the T6 method. In the process, a solution annealing process is carried out before hot aging carried out, and the casting quenched. This homogenization annealing takes place at temperatures of about 450 to 540 ° C, so that a high energy consumption is required to achieve better strengths.
Daher wird in der DE 10 2007 041 445 AI ein Verfahren zur Kühlung von Gussteilen vorgeschlagen, bei dem nach der Erstarrung des Angusskanals und nach dem Erstarren des Gussteils die Form geringfügig geöffnet wird, wobei der Spalt kleiner ist als die Dicke des Gussteils und anschließend in den Spalt ein Kühlmittel eingedüst wird. Hierdurch sollen Zykluszeiten verbessert werden. For this reason, DE 10 2007 041 445 A1 proposes a method for cooling cast parts, in which the mold is slightly opened after solidification of the sprue channel and after solidification of the cast part, the gap being smaller than the thickness of the cast part and subsequently into the gap is injected with a coolant. This cycle times are to be improved.
Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass das eingedüste Kühlmittel sich über die Fläche des Gussteils verteilen muss, so dass Temperaturgefälle über das Gussteil auftreten. Entsprechend entsteht eine besonders gute Kühlung im Randbereich des Spaltes, an der Eindüsposition. Des Weiteren kann eine schlechte Kühlwirkung durch den Leidenfrost ' sehen Effekt entstehen. Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils bereit zu stellen, mit welchem in gewünschten Bereichen eine Erhöhung der Härte, der Streckgrenze und der Zugfestigkeit der Legierung bei möglichst gleich bleibenden Dehnungswerten erreichbar ist, ohne den Energieverbrauch zu erhöhen. The disadvantage, however, is that the injected coolant must be distributed over the surface of the casting, so that temperature gradient occur over the casting. Accordingly, a particularly good cooling in the edge region of the gap, at the Eindüsposition. Furthermore, a bad cooling effect can be caused by the Leidenfrost ' see effect. It is therefore an object to provide a method for the compensation of a diecasting, with which in desired areas an increase in the hardness, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy can be achieved at the same possible elongation values without increasing the energy consumption.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
Dadurch, dass unmittelbar nachdem oder während die Gießform geöffnet wird, Sprühwerkzeuge einer Sprühvorrichtung zwischen die Formhälften eingefahren werden, mit welchen ein Kühlmittel zum Abschrecken auf das Druckgussteil aufgebracht wird, kann eine dosierte Kühlung des Druckgussteils durchgeführt werden, welche sowohl bezüglich der Position als auch der eingebrachten Kühlmittelmengen optimiert werden kann. So können optimale Gefügequalitäten erreicht werden. Characterized in that immediately after or while the mold is opened, spraying tools of a spraying device are retracted between the mold halves, with which a coolant for quenching on the Die casting is applied, a metered cooling of the die-cast part can be performed, which can be optimized both in terms of position and the introduced amounts of coolant. So optimal microstructural qualities can be achieved.
In einem bevorzugten Verfahren werden die Sprühwerkzeuge der Sprühvorrichtung auf dickwandige Bereiche des Druckgussteils ausgerichtet. Durch den Abschreckeffekt werden in den dickwandigen Bereichen Gefüge mit hohen Festigkeiten und guten Dehnungswerten erzielt, da die Übersättigung des Aluminiummischkristalls nicht abgebaut wird , und die gelösten Elemente noch für den Aushärtungsprozess zur Verfügung stehen . In a preferred method, the spraying tools of the spraying device are aligned with thick-walled areas of the die-cast part. As a result of the quenching effect, structures with high strengths and good elongation values are achieved in the thick-walled regions, since the supersaturation of the aluminum mixed crystal is not degraded, and the dissolved elements are still available for the curing process.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung beträgt der Sprühdruck mindestens 8 bar, vorzugsweise 25 bar. Bei diesen Sprühdrücken wird das Kühlmittel derart beschleunigt, dass der Leidenfrost ' sehe Effekt auch bei noch heißen Druckgussteilen zuverlässig durchschlagen wird. Tritt das zerstäubte Kühlmittel durch die Düse aus und trifft mit einer entsprechend hohen Auftrittsgeschwindigkeit auf die noch heiße Wand des Gussteils, so entsteht zwar ein Dampfpolster durch die Verdampfung, jedoch ist dieses nicht in der Lage den weiteren Sprühstrahl gemäß des Leidenfrost ' sehen Effektes von der Oberfläche fernzuhalten, da der Sprühstrahl aufgrund seiner hohen kinetischen Energie das Dampfpolster durchschlägt. Somit gelangt jedoch das Kühlmittel direkt auf die Oberfläche der Wand. Hieraus resultiert sowohl eine sehr gute Kühlwirkung, als auch eine optimale Benetzung der Formwand der Gussform mit dem Trennmittel. Die besonders kurze Abschreckzeit mit besonders hohem Temperaturgradienten zwischen Kühlmittel und Gussteil führt zu einem hohen Festigkeitspotential für nachfolgende Aushärtungsvorgänge. Zur Reduzierung der Taktzeiten kann gleichzeitig mit dem Besprühen des Druckgussteils in der beweglichen Formhälfte die feste Formhälfte besprüht werden, so dass diese in einem Verfahrensschritt mit gekühlt wird. In a preferred embodiment, the spray pressure is at least 8 bar, preferably 25 bar. At these spray pressures, the coolant is accelerated so that the Leidenfrost ' see effect is reliably penetrate even with hot die castings. If the atomized coolant exits through the nozzle and hits the still hot wall of the casting at a correspondingly high rate of speed, a vapor cushion is produced by the evaporation, but this is not capable of spraying the further spray according to the Leidenfrost ' effect of the Keep away surface, since the spray jet breaks through the steam cushion due to its high kinetic energy. Thus, however, the coolant passes directly to the surface of the wall. This results in both a very good cooling effect, as well as an optimal wetting of the mold wall of the mold with the release agent. The particularly short quenching time with a particularly high temperature gradient between the coolant and the casting leads to a high strength potential for subsequent curing processes. To reduce the cycle times, the solid mold half can be sprayed simultaneously with the spraying of the diecast part in the movable mold half, so that it is also cooled in one process step.
Vorzugsweise ist das Sprühmedium ein Kühlmittel- Luft- Gemisch, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen Luft und Kühlmittel geregelt wird. So kann eine optimale Zerstäubung erreicht werden, die den Kühleffekt verstärkt. Preferably, the spray medium is a coolant-air mixture, wherein the ratio between air and coolant is controlled. Thus, an optimal atomization can be achieved, which enhances the cooling effect.
In einer weiterführenden Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden vor dem Auswerfen des Druckgussteils die Sprühwerkzeuge der Sprühvorrichtung aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften ausgefahren und nach dem Auswerfen des Druckgussteils zur Kühlung der Gießform wieder eingefahren. Durch dieses erneute Besprühen der festen Formhälfte und dem erneuten Besprühen der beweglichen Formhälfte werden diese besonders schnell für den nächsten Zyklus zur Verfügung gestellt. In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the spraying tools of the spraying device are extended out of the intermediate space between the mold halves before the ejection of the die-cast part and retracted again after the ejection of the die-cast part for cooling the casting mold. By re-spraying the solid mold half and re-spraying the movable mold half, they are provided very quickly for the next cycle.
Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Sprühvorrichtung an einem Auswerferarm befestigt ist, so dass die Sprühvorrichtung erst beim Auswerfen aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften ausgefahren wird. So kann auf einen zusätzlichen Arm am Roboter verzichtet werden. Des Weiteren wird die Taktzeit verkürzt, da auf ein Ein- und Ausfahren verzichtet werden kann. It is particularly advantageous if the spraying device is attached to an ejector, so that the spraying device is extended only when ejecting from the space between the mold halves. So can be dispensed with an additional arm on the robot. Furthermore, the cycle time is shortened, as can be dispensed with an extension and retraction.
Ein besonders hohes Festigkeitsniveau lässt sich erreichen, wenn das Warmauslagern bei einer Temperatur von 140 - 250 °C durchgeführt wird, da übersättigt im Aluminiumkristall gelöste Gase, im Gegensatz zur T6 Wärmebehandlung, bei diesen Temperaturen nicht ausgeschieden werden, und somit keine Erhöhung des Porositätsgrades erfolgt. In einer bevorzugten Verwendung ist das Druckgussteil ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse und die Sprühwerkzeuge werden auf den Lagerstuhlbereich ausgerichtet. So kann im hochbelasteten Lagerstuhlbereich eine hohe Festigkeit erzielt werden, ohne die Zylinderbereiche stark zu beeinflussen, und Spannungsniveau signifikant zu erhöhen. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils kann entsprechend ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse hergestellt werden, welches in den unterschiedlichen Bereichen unterschiedliche optimale Gefügeeigenschaften aufweist, ohne dass zusätzliche Kosten entstehen. Die spannungskritischen Zonen der Zylinderrohre und - buchsen sind durch die Formhälfte abgedeckt, so dass die Lagerstühle selektiv angesprüht werden ohne die Zylinderbereiche in höherem Maße zu beeinflussen, in denen eine höhere Härte häufig nicht gewünscht ist. Im Folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beispielhaft anhand der Figuren erklärt. A particularly high level of strength can be achieved if the thermal aging is carried out at a temperature of 140-250 ° C., since oversaturated in the aluminum crystal dissolved gases, in contrast to the T6 heat treatment, are not eliminated at these temperatures, and thus does not increase the degree of porosity , In a preferred use, the die casting is a cylinder crankcase and the spray tools are aligned with the bearing block area. Thus, high strength can be achieved in the highly loaded bearing block area, without greatly affecting the cylinder areas, and significantly increase the voltage level. With the method according to the invention for the compensation of a die-cast part, a cylinder crankcase can be produced correspondingly, which has different optimal structural properties in the different areas without incurring additional costs. The stress critical zones of the cylinder tubes and bushes are covered by the mold half, so that the bearing blocks are selectively sprayed without affecting the cylinder areas to a greater extent in which a higher hardness is often not desired. The method according to the invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the figures.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch die geschlossene Gießform. Figure 1 shows schematically the closed mold.
Figur 2 zeigt die Gießform nach dem Öffnen. FIG. 2 shows the mold after opening.
Figur 3 zeigt die Gießform nach dem Auswerfen des Druckgussteils. FIG. 3 shows the casting mold after ejection of the die-cast part.
In der Figur 1 ist eine Gießform 2 zur Durchführung eines Druckgussverfahrens dargestellt, welche eine feste Formhälfte 4 und eine bewegliche Form h äffte 6 aufweist. In der Figur ist im Bereich der Trennfläche zwischen fester und beweglicher Formhälfte 4, 6 eine Sprühvorrichtung 8 angeordnet, die wie die Gießform 2 mit einem Steuergerät 10 verbunden ist. Die Sprühvorrichtung 8 besteht üblicherweise zumindest aus einem Kühlmittelzulauf und einem Kühlmitteltank, wobei das Kühlmittel über eine frequenzgeregelte Flüssigkeitsdruckpumpe zu einem Sprühgerät 12 gefördert wird, wobei der Druck des Kühlmittels auf 25 bar erhöht wird. Das druckfest ausgeführte Sprühgerät 12 weist mehrere Sprühwerkzeuge 14 auf, von denen jeweils zumindest eine für das Besprühen der festen Formhälfte 4 und eine für das Besprühen der beweglichen Formhälfte 6 beziehungsweise eines in der beweglichen Formhälfte 6 angeordneten Druckgussteils 16 ausgerichtet sind. Die Bewegung des Sprühgerätes 12 und der Sprühwerkzeuge 14 kann dabei computergesteuert über das Steuergerät 10 erfolgen. Die Sprühwerkzeuge 14 weisen einen Druckluftanschluss und einen Anschluss für das Kühlmittel auf und sind ebenfalls auf die hohen Fluiddrücke ausgelegt. Im Sprühwerkzeug 14 werden die Druckluft und das Kühlmittel gemischt. Durch diese Mischung entsteht eine gleichmäßige Zerstäubung des Kühlmittels. Hierzu ist eine ausreichende Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Druckluft in der Mischkammer des Sprühwerkzeugs 14 erforderlich, die durch eine entsprechend geregelte Luftpumpe 18 für die Druckluft sichergestellt wird. FIG. 1 shows a casting mold 2 for carrying out a diecasting process which has a fixed mold half 4 and a movable mold 6. In the figure, in the region of the separating surface between the fixed and movable mold halves 4, 6, a spraying device 8 is arranged, which, like the casting mold 2, is connected to a control device 10. The spray device 8 usually consists at least of a coolant inlet and a coolant tank, wherein the coolant is conveyed via a frequency-controlled fluid pressure pump to a spray device 12, wherein the pressure of the coolant is increased to 25 bar. The pressure-resistant spray device 12 has a plurality of spray tools 14, of which at least one for the spraying of the fixed mold half 4 and one for the spraying of the movable mold half 6 or arranged in the movable mold half 6 die casting 16 are aligned. The movement of the spray device 12 and the spray tools 14 can be done computer controlled by the controller 10. The spray tools 14 have a compressed air connection and a connection for the coolant and are also designed for the high fluid pressures. In the spray tool 14, the compressed air and the coolant are mixed. This mixture creates a uniform atomization of the coolant. For this purpose, a sufficient flow velocity of the compressed air in the mixing chamber of the spray tool 14 is required, which is ensured by a correspondingly regulated air pump 18 for the compressed air.
Das Druckgussteil 16 ist in vorliegendem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse mit einem Lagerstuhlbereich 20 und einem Zylinderbereich 22. The die cast part 16 in the present exemplary embodiment is a cylinder crankcase with a bearing seat area 20 and a cylinder area 22.
Nach dem Gießen des Druckgussteils 16 öffnet sich, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt ist, die Gießform 2 also die bewegliche Formhälfte 6 wird mit dem darin befindlichen Druckgussteil 16 von der feststehenden Formhälfte 4 wegbewegt, so dass ein Zwischenraum entsteht, in den etwa gleichzeitig mit dem Öffnen der Gießform 2 die Sprühwerkzeuge 14 des Sprühgerätes 12 eingefahren werden. Die Sprühwerkzeuge 14 besprühen im Folgenden an der einen Seite die feststehende Formhälfte 2, die somit gekühlt wird, an der entgegengesetzten Seite jedoch das Druckgussteil 16 und hier aufgrund seiner Lage in der Form vor allem den dickwandigen Bereich des Lagerstuhls 20, während die spannungskritischen Zonen der Zylinderrohre 22 beziehungsweise - buchsen durch die bewegliche Formhälfte 6 und die Pinolen abgedeckt bleiben. Entsprechend entsteht eine selektive Kühlung des Lagerstuhlbereichs, die dazu führt, dass ein Härteanstieg in diesem Bereich von etwa 17% nachweisbar ist, während die Härte im Abstand von ca. 30mm vom Zylinderdeck lediglich um etwa 3 bis 5% ansteigt und am Zylinderdeck gar nicht ansteigt. Gleichzeitig steigt die Zugfestigkeit um etwa 13% und die 0,2%-Dehngrenze um 23%. After casting of the die casting 16 opens, as shown in Figure 2, the mold 2 so the movable mold half 6 is moved away with the therein diecasting 16 of the fixed mold half 4, so that a gap is formed in the approximately simultaneously with the Opening the mold 2, the spray tools 14 of the sprayer 12 are retracted. The spraying tools 14 subsequently spray on one side the fixed mold half 2, which is thus cooled, but on the opposite side the diecast part 16 and here due to its position in the mold especially the thick-walled portion of the bearing block 20, while the tension critical zones of the cylinder tubes 22 and bushings remain covered by the movable mold half 6 and the sleeves. Accordingly, a selective cooling of the bearing block area results, which leads to a hardness increase in this range of about 17% is detectable, while the hardness at a distance of about 30mm from the cylinder deck increases only by about 3 to 5% and does not increase on the cylinder deck , At the same time, the tensile strength increases by about 13% and the 0.2% proof strength by 23%.
Dies ist auf den Abschreckeffekt zurückzuführen, durch den die Ausscheidung von Gleichgewichtsphasen verhindert wird und ein hoher Übersättigungsgrad des Aluminiummischkristalls erhalten bleibt und somit ein hohes Festigkeitsniveau, vergleichbar mit einer Homogenisierungsbehandlung, erzielt werden kann . Dieser Effekt ist bei hohen Temperaturgradienten, also hohen Ausgangstemperaturen und niedrigen Kühlmitteltemperaturen am Druckgussteil besonders hoch, so dass die Öffnung der Gießform 2 möglichst unmittelbar nachdem das Druckgussteil 16 erstarrt ist, geöffnet wird und das Kühlmittel möglichst unmittelbar am Druckgussteil wirken sollte. Hierzu wird das Kühlmittel mit einem Druck von 25bar aufgebracht, wodurch auf der heißen Formwand zwar ein Dampfpolster durch die Verdampfung entsteht, jedoch ist dieses nicht in der Lage den weiteren Sprühstrahl gemäß des Leidenfrost ' sehen Effektes von der Oberfläche fernzuhalten, da der Sprühstrahl aufgrund seiner hohen kinetischen Energie das Dampfpolster durchschlägt. Somit gelangt jedoch das Kühlmittel direkt auf die Oberfläche des Druckgussteils 16. Hierdurch wird ein Ausscheiden von Gleichgewichtsphasen vermieden. This is due to the quenching effect, which prevents the precipitation of equilibrium phases and maintains a high degree of supersaturation of the aluminum mixed crystal and thus a high level of strength, comparable to a homogenization treatment, can be achieved. This effect is particularly high at high temperature gradients, ie high outlet temperatures and low coolant temperatures at the diecasting part, so that the opening of the casting mold 2 is opened as soon as possible after the diecasting part 16 has solidified and the coolant should act as directly as possible on the diecasting part. For this purpose, the coolant is applied at a pressure of 25bar, which on the hot mold wall, although a vapor cushion is formed by the evaporation, but this is not able to keep the other spray according to the Leidenfrost ' effect effect from the surface, since the spray due to its high kinetic energy breaks through the steam cushion. Thus, however, the coolant passes directly to the surface of the die casting 16. This avoids the elimination of equilibrium phases.
Im Folgenden wird das Druckgussteil 16 ausgeworfen, nachdem die Sprühwerkzeuge 14 aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften ausgefahren wurden. Nach der Entnahme können die Sprühwerkzeuge zur weiteren Kühlung der festen Formhälfte 4 und der beweglichen Formhälfte 6 wieder eingefahren werden. Alternativ ist es möglich, die Sprühvorrichtung 8 direkt am Auswerferarm zu befestigen, so dass auf ein Ausfahren der Sprühvorrichtung 8 vor dem Auswerfen verzichtet werden kann. Hereinafter, the die casting 16 is ejected after the spraying tools 14 have been extended out of the space between the mold halves. After removal, the spraying tools for further cooling of the fixed mold half 4 and the movable mold half 6 are retracted again. Alternatively, it is possible to attach the spray device 8 directly to the ejector, so that it can be dispensed with an extension of the spray device 8 before ejection.
Das Druckgussteil wird im Folgenden bei einer Temperatur von etwa 150°C warmausgelagert. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Zugfestigkeiten von 300MPa erreichen, ohne eine folgende Homogenisierungsglühung durchführen zu müssen. Im Aluminiumkristall gelöste Elemente The die-cast part is subsequently warm-laid at a temperature of about 150 ° C. In this way, tensile strengths of 300 MPa can be achieved without having to carry out a subsequent homogenization annealing. Elements dissolved in the aluminum crystal
werden nicht ausgeschieden und stehen entsprechend beim Aushärtungsvorgang zur Verfügung.  are not eliminated and are accordingly available during the curing process.
Aus alledem folgt, dass mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens Zylinderkurbelgehäuse hergestellt werden können, die im hochbelasteten Lagerstuhlbereich ein deutlich erhöhtes Festigkeitsniveau aufweisen, ohne die Strukturen in den spannungskritischen Bereichen der Zylinderrohre zu ändern. Entsprechend können Kosten im Vergleich zur sonst notwendigen T6- Wärmebehandlung deutlich reduziert werden. Dabei werden bei hohen Temperaturgradienten zwischen Druckgussteil und Kühlmittel besonders gute Ergebnisse bezüglich des Gefüges erzielt. It follows from all that, by means of the method according to the invention, cylinder crankcases can be produced which have a markedly increased strength level in the highly loaded bearing block area, without changing the structures in the stress-critical areas of the cylinder tubes. Accordingly, costs can be significantly reduced compared to the otherwise necessary T6 heat treatment. In this case, particularly good results in terms of the structure are achieved at high temperature gradients between die casting and coolant.
Es sollte deutlich sein, dass der Schutzbereich der Anmeldung nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt ist. Insbesondere können sich die Druckgussformen und Sprühgeräte von den dargestellten unterscheiden. Auch lässt sich dieses Verfahre auf andere herzustellende Werkstücke als Zylinderkurbelgehäuse übertragen. It should be clear that the scope of protection of the application is not limited to the embodiment described. In particular, the die casting molds and sprayers may differ from those shown. Also, this method can be transferred to other workpieces to be produced as a cylinder crankcase.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgusstei!s ( 16) mit folgenden Schritten :  P A T E N T A N S P R E C H E 1. Method of tempering a die-cast iron (16), comprising the following steps:
Gießen des Druckgussteils (16) in einer Gießform (2) mit zumindest einer festen und einer beweglichen Formhälfte (4, 6) Öffnen der Gießform (2) durch Ausfahren der beweglichen Formhälfte (6)  Casting the die-cast part (16) in a casting mold (2) with at least one fixed and one movable mold half (4, 6) opening the casting mold (2) by extending the movable mold half (6)
Abschrecken des Druckgussteils (16) in der beweglichen Formhälfte (6)  Quenching of the die-cast part (16) in the movable mold half (6)
Auswerfen des Druckgussteils ( 16) aus der beweglichen Formhälfte (6)  Ejecting the die-cast part (16) from the movable mold half (6)
- Warmauslagern des Druckgussteils (16)  - hot aging of the diecast part (16)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
unmittelbar nachdem oder während die Gießform (2) geöffnet wird, Sprühwerkzeuge (14) einer Sprühvorrichtung (8) zwischen die Formhälften (4, 6) eingefahren werden, mit welchen ein Kühlmittel zum Abschrecken auf das Druckgussteil (16) aufgebracht wird.  immediately after or while the mold (2) is being opened, spraying tools (14) of a spraying device (8) are retracted between the mold halves (4, 6) with which a coolant is applied to quench the diecast part (16).
2. Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 2. A method for the coating of a die-cast part according to claim 1, characterized in that
die Sprühwerkzeuge (14) der Sprühvorrichtung (8) auf dickwandige Bereiche (20) des Druckgussteils (16) ausgerichtet werden.  the spraying tools (14) of the spraying device (8) are aligned with thick-walled areas (20) of the die-cast part (16).
3. Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, 3. Method for the tempering of a die-cast part according to one of claims 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der Sprühdruck mindestens 8 bar, vorzugsweise 25 bar beträgt. Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, the spray pressure is at least 8 bar, preferably 25 bar. Method of coating a die-cast part according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
gleichzeitig mit dem Druckgussteil (16) in der beweglichen Formhälfte (6) die feste Formhälfte (4) besprüht wird,  simultaneously with the die casting (16) in the movable mold half (6) the solid mold half (4) is sprayed,
Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method of coating a die-cast part according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das Sprühmedium ein Kühlmittel- Luft- Gemisch ist, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen Luft und Kühlmittel geregelt wird.  the spray medium is a refrigerant-air mixture, whereby the ratio between air and coolant is controlled.
Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method of coating a die-cast part according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
vor dem Auswerfen des Druckgussteils (16) die Sprühwerkzeuge (14) der Sprühvorrichtung (8) aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften (4, 6) ausgefahren werden und nach dem Auswerfen des Druckgussteils (16) zur Kühlung der Gießform (2) wieder eingefahren werden.  before ejection of the die casting (16), the spraying tools (14) of the spraying device (8) are extended out of the space between the mold halves (4, 6) and retracted after ejection of the die casting (16) to cool the casting mold (2) ,
Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method of coating a die-cast part according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Sprühvorrichtung (8) an einem Auswerferarm befestigt ist, so dass die Sprühvorrichtung (8) erst beim Auswerfen aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Formhälften (4, 6) ausgefahren wird. the spraying device (8) is fastened to an ejector arm, so that the spraying device (8) is not moved out of the intermediate space between the mold halves (4, 6) until it is ejected.
Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method of coating a die-cast part according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Warmauslagern bei einer Temperatur von 140 - 250 °C durchgeführt wird. characterized in that the aging is carried out at a temperature of 140-250 ° C.
Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Druckgussteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method of coating a die-cast part according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das Druckgussteil (16) ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse ist und die Sprühwerkzeuge (14) auf den Lagerstuhlbereich (20) ausgerichtet werden. the die casting (16) is a cylinder crankcase and the spray tools (14) are aligned with the bearing block area (20).
EP12740552.0A 2011-08-09 2012-07-19 Method for hardening a die-cast part Active EP2741874B1 (en)

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DE102011052514.9A DE102011052514B4 (en) 2011-08-09 2011-08-09 Method of tempering a cylinder crankcase produced by die casting
PCT/EP2012/064178 WO2013020786A1 (en) 2011-08-09 2012-07-19 Method for hardening a die-cast part

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DE (1) DE102011052514B4 (en)
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CN112404392A (en) * 2020-09-11 2021-02-26 蚌埠隆华压铸机有限公司 Multi-functional extrusion forges adjustable die casting machine

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RU2014109026A (en) 2015-09-20
DE102011052514A1 (en) 2013-02-14
DE102011052514B4 (en) 2018-04-19
WO2013020786A1 (en) 2013-02-14
ES2728133T3 (en) 2019-10-22
CN103717328A (en) 2014-04-09

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