EP2739895B1 - Abgedichteter wärmeisolierender behälter - Google Patents

Abgedichteter wärmeisolierender behälter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2739895B1
EP2739895B1 EP12744110.3A EP12744110A EP2739895B1 EP 2739895 B1 EP2739895 B1 EP 2739895B1 EP 12744110 A EP12744110 A EP 12744110A EP 2739895 B1 EP2739895 B1 EP 2739895B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
layer
lagging
foam
tank according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12744110.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2739895A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Jolivet
Sébastien DELANOE
Gery Canler
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP2739895A1 publication Critical patent/EP2739895A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0123—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks arranged in a bearing structure for containing a cold fluid, in particular to membrane tanks for containing liquefied gases.
  • Sealed and thermally insulating tanks are known arranged in the hull of a ship for the transport of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) with a high methane content.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Such a tank is disclosed for example in FR-A-2867831 .
  • a primary insulating barrier and a secondary insulating barrier are formed in a modular form using juxtaposed wooden parallelepiped boxes.
  • the crates are filled with an expanded perlite insulation or aerogels.
  • FR-A-2798902 discloses another LNG tank arranged in the hull of a ship in which a primary insulating barrier and a secondary insulating barrier each consist of a single layer of caissons filled with low density foam blocks in the range of 33 to 40 kg / m3 glued to wooden plywood spacers.
  • the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank arranged in a supporting structure for containing a fluid, in which a wall of the tank comprises at least one sealed barrier and at least one insulating barrier disposed between the sealed barrier. and the supporting structure, in which the insulating barrier comprises a first set of heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a first layer and a second set of heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a second layer located between the first layer and the supporting structure, a heat insulating element of the first layer comprising in each case a box filled with an insulating packing consisting essentially of mineral or organic wool, aerogels or low-density polymer foam, or other non-rigid insulating materials, a heat insulating element of the second layer comprising in each case a block of high density polymer foam.
  • the insulating barrier comprises a first set of heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a first layer and a second set of heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a second layer located between
  • such a tank may comprise one or more of the following provisions.
  • the low density polymer foam has a density of less than 50 kg / m3.
  • the low density polymer foam may be selected from the group consisting of polyurethane foam and polyvinyl chloride foam.
  • the high density polymer foam has a density greater than 100 kg / m3.
  • the high density polymer foam may be selected from the group consisting of polyurethane foam and glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foam.
  • the insulating lining of the heat insulating element of the first layer further comprises anti-convection strips, for example strips of paper or synthetic film, on which the mineral wool is glued to reduce the convection in the box.
  • a heat insulating element of the first layer and a heat insulating element of the second layer each have the same dimensions in a plane of the tank wall and are arranged in an aligned manner, and integral retaining members of the supporting structure are arranged at the corners of the aligned heat-insulating elements and cooperate with edge pieces of the heat-insulating elements of the first layer to retain the aligned heat-insulating elements of the two layers of the insulating barrier against the supporting structure, a heat-insulating element of the second layer each comprising rigid battens extending in the direction of the thickness of the block of high density polymer foam at the corners of the block of high density polymer foam to resume the efforts of the retaining members.
  • the heat insulating element of the first layer and the heat insulating element of the second aligned layer are fixed one on the other and form a prefabricated insulating module.
  • the heat insulating element of the second layer comprises a plywood cover panel attached to the foam block.
  • the cover panel may include an inner fir wood ply and an outer birch ply. Birch wood has better mechanical strength than fir wood, which is better thermal insulator. This combination thus offers a compromise advantageous as regards the properties of mechanical strength and thermal insulation.
  • cords of mastic placed on a lower surface of the heat insulating element of the second layer bear against the supporting structure so as to compensate for flatness defects of the carrier structure.
  • the heat insulating element of the second layer comprises a rigid bottom panel fixed under the foam block, the cords of mastic being fixed on the bottom panel.
  • the casing of the heat insulating element of the first layer comprises a bottom panel, lateral sails fixed to said bottom panel and protruding perpendicularly from one side of the bottom panel to delimit the outline of a internal space of the box, a plurality of mutually parallel internal partitions perpendicular to said bottom panel which extend between the side walls so as to divide said interior space into a plurality of compartments in which the heat-insulating lining is arranged, and a panel of lid supported and fixed on an upper edge of the side walls and internal partitions parallel to the bottom panel and at a distance thereof to close the interior space of the box.
  • an internal wall of the box comprises a hollow structure consisting of two walls fixed to one another spaced apart and parallel by means of spacers arranged between the two walls.
  • the wall of the tank comprises successively a primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid, a primary insulating barrier, secondary waterproof membrane and secondary insulating barrier, wherein the first layer and the second layer of heat insulating elements form the secondary insulating barrier between the secondary waterproof membrane and the supporting structure.
  • the first layer is thinner than the second layer, which is advantageous when relatively expensive materials are used in the first layer.
  • the primary insulating barrier consists of juxtaposed heat insulating elements, a heat insulating element of the primary insulating barrier comprising in each case a box filled with an insulating packing consisting essentially of mineral wool or perlite.
  • the edges of the heat insulating elements of the primary insulating barrier are substantially aligned with the edges of the heat insulating elements of the secondary insulating barrier, and the integral retaining members of the supporting structure are arranged at the corners of the heat-insulating elements and cooperate with edge pieces of the heat-insulating elements of the primary insulating barrier and the secondary insulating barrier to retain the heat-insulating elements of the primary insulating barrier. against the secondary waterproof membrane and the heat insulating elements of the secondary insulating barrier against the supporting structure.
  • the or each sealed membrane comprises parallel metal sheet strips whose longitudinal edges are raised projecting inwardly of the tank and parallel welding wings retained on the underlying thermal insulation barrier and projecting inwardly from the vessel each between two strips of sheet metal to form a sealed welded joint with the adjacent raised longitudinal edges.
  • Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deepwater, including a LNG carrier, a floating unit of Storage and Regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating unit of Storage and Regasification
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to design a tank wall structure with advantageous properties as to thermal insulation, mechanical strength and cost.
  • Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of choosing and positioning materials in the vessel wall structure according to temperature ranges where the thermal properties of these materials are the best.
  • the invention starts from the observation that a cold fluid tank has relatively cooler wall portions located towards the inside of the tank in the direction of the thickness of the wall and relatively warmer wall portions located towards the outside of the tank.
  • Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of designing an insulating barrier structure from selected materials for their compatibility with cryogenic conditions, particularly in the field of LNG, their extended life and relatively low cost.
  • Certain aspects of the invention start from the idea of selecting relatively little or very little rigid materials, typically having a rigidity below 0.9 MPa in compression at room temperature, but good thermal insulators for filling caissons carrying an intermediate insulation layer, exploited for example in a temperature range of about -80 ° C to -110 ° C .
  • the figure 1 represents the evolution of the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature over a temperature range from about -162 ° C (LNG at atmospheric pressure) to about 20 ° C for a selection of suitable materials for the construction of a tank of LNG.
  • the most appropriate materials from the point in terms of cost and safety of use in a LNG ship are generally mineral wool, including glass wool, polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams with high and low density, possibly with embedded glass fibers, and perlite. Other polymeric foams are also conceivable.
  • Table 1 shows the characteristic stiffness values according to the thickness direction of a foam block, for foams of different natures and densities.
  • Table 1 Foam type Density kg / m3 Z stiffness in MPa COULD 50 0.4 PVC 35 0.35 PVC 60 0.7 to 0.8 C.99 C.99 C.99 C.99 C.99 HARM 10 0.8
  • the high density foams 95 and 98 provide structural rigidity for using these materials as structural components, with or without stiffer reinforcing elements.
  • Materials such as mineral wools and aerogels offer zero or negligible stiffness but can be used as a liner in a rigid box capable of resuming the pressure forces.
  • organic wools for example synthetic or natural fibers, for example cellulose wadding, which have characteristics similar to mineral wools and can be used under the same conditions as these.
  • Aerogels are an optimal choice in terms of thermal conductivity when one accepts their generally higher cost. This is particularly acceptable on a relatively thin layer.
  • the figure 2 represents a sealed and thermally insulating wall in broken perspective to show the structure of this wall.
  • Such a structure can be implemented on large surfaces having various orientations, for example to cover bottom, ceiling and side walls of a tank.
  • the orientation of the figure 1 is not exhaustive in this respect.
  • the tank wall is attached to the wall of a load-bearing structure 1.
  • the term “above” a position located closer to the inside of the tank and “below” a position located closer to the structure carrier 1, regardless of the orientation of the vessel wall relative to the earth's gravity field.
  • the vessel wall comprises a secondary insulating barrier 2, a secondary impermeable barrier (not shown) retained on the top 3 of the secondary insulating barrier 2, a primary insulating barrier 4 retained on the secondary watertight barrier 2 and a primary impermeable barrier not shown retained on the top 5 of the primary insulating barrier 4.
  • the secondary insulating barrier 2 consists of a plurality of parallelepipedal secondary insulating modules 6 which are arranged side by side, so as to substantially cover the inner surface of the carrier structure 1.
  • a secondary insulating module consists of two parts: a block of foam 10 in the lower part close to the supporting structure 1 and a wooden box 11 filled with a non-structural seal in the upper part.
  • the foam block 10 is shown on the figure 3 . It is made of high density polymer foam, especially in the rigid foam 98 which has its most interesting thermal properties between -50 ° C and 20 ° C. It has an overall shape of rectangular parallelepiped with cut edges 12 in the corners to pass fasteners which will be described below.
  • the cutting of the insulating block 10 is optimized so as to limit as far as possible the thermal chimneys present between the foam blocks.
  • the only games present are the mounting sets and the passages of the fasteners in the corners.
  • mastic cords (not shown) are installed between the supporting structure 1 and the lower surface of the blocks 10. These cords of mastic are for example glued on the lower surface of the blocks 10. They do not adhere to the support structure 1 due to the establishment of a kraft paper not shown between the carrier structure 1 and the sealant.
  • the foam block 10 is provided with corner pillars 27 to take back part of the compressive load in use and thus limit crushing and creep of the foam.
  • the foam block 10 may also be provided with a cover panel 13 and / or a bottom panel 14, for example plywood.
  • the bottom panel 14 is for example wood plywood 9mm thick. Such a panel allows a better distribution of the compressive stresses, a better hold of the cords of mastic and limits the local deterioration of the foam.
  • the compressive stresses applied by the cords of mastic to the insulation are due to the static and dynamic pressure of the LNG of the tank.
  • the use of the bottom panel 14 which distributes these stresses makes it possible to position the cords of mastic relatively freely with respect to the edges of the foam blocks 10.
  • the cords of mastic may be corrugated cords as described in FIG. FR-A1-2931535 .
  • the bottom panel 14 may also be made of composite material resistant to bending and shearing.
  • the assembly between the bottom panel 14 and the foam block 10 is made by gluing.
  • the cover panel 13 adhered to the upper part of the foam block 10 also serves, where appropriate, to distribute the compressive stresses.
  • the casing 11 located in the upper part of the secondary insulating module 6 is represented on the figure 5 without its cover panel 18, visible on the figure 2 .
  • the casing 11 comprises the cover panel 18, for example 9mm plywood, a bottom panel 17 also made of 9mm plywood, external plywood sails 16 and internal anti-collapse partitions. 15.
  • the internal partitions 15 are plywood sails
  • the internal partitions 115 are hollow structures comprising spacing elements 20 sandwiched between two planar channels 21. Such a hollow structure allows better mechanical strength.
  • the interior space of the box 11 is filled with a not shown insulating lining made of glass wool or low density PVC foam.
  • insulating lining made of glass wool or low density PVC foam.
  • anti-convective elements are preferably integrated, for example in the form of sheets of paper on which the glass wool is glued.
  • the box 11 with its lining can be entirely prefabricated.
  • the bottom wall of the boxes 11 protrudes laterally on the two short sides of the box 11, so that in each corner of the box, on this projecting portion, are fixed cleats 9 which cooperate with the fasteners of the boxes 30.
  • the secondary insulating module 6 can be provided in the form of a prefabricated element in which the foam block 10 is bonded to the caisson 11. This bonding must at least hold during the installation. installation of insulating modules. Indeed, once installed, it is not necessary that this bonding is durable because the anchoring of the insulating barrier is achieved by the fasteners 30.
  • a fastener 30 comprises a bushing 22 whose base is welded to the supporting structure 1 at a position corresponding to a clearance at the corners of four adjacent foam blocks.
  • the bushing 22 carries a first rod 23 screwed to it.
  • the rod 23 passes between the adjacent modules 6.
  • a metal support plate 24 is mounted on the rod 23 to clamp the cleats 9 of the box 11 against the supporting structure 1 by means of a nut.
  • a piece of plywood 25 is mounted on plate 24 of as a spacer between the plate 24 and an upper plate 26 and reduce the thermal bridge to the carrier structure. The height of this arrangement is determined so that the upper plate 26 comes flush with the cover panels 18 of the boxes 11.
  • the compression force applied by the fixing member 30 to the insulating module 6 is entirely taken up by the corner pillars 27.
  • the cover panels 18 of the insulating boxes 11 further comprise a pair of parallel grooves 31 in substantially inverted T-shape to receive welding wings in the shape of a square.
  • the portion of the welding flanges projecting towards the top of the panels 18 allows the anchoring of the secondary sealing barrier not shown.
  • the secondary sealing barrier consists of a plurality of Invar strakes with raised edges, having a thickness of the order of 0.7 mm. The raised edges of each strake are welded to the aforementioned welding wings.
  • the primary insulating barrier 4 which consists of a plurality of primary insulating boxes 33.
  • Each primary insulating box 33 consists of a rectangular parallelepiped box made of plywood, which is filled non-structural insulating material such as perlite or glass wool.
  • the primary insulating boxes 33 also comprise internal partitions, a bottom panel and a top panel 5.
  • the top panel 5 has two grooves 35 in the general shape of inverted T, to also receive a welding flange (not shown) on which are welded the raised edges of the strakes of the primary sealing barrier.
  • the gap between two grooves 31 or 35 of the same box 11 or 33 corresponds to the width of a strake.
  • the gap between the grooves and the adjacent edge of the same box corresponds to the half-width of a strake, so that a strake comes to overlap two adjacent boxes.
  • the bottom panel of the primary insulating box 33 overflows on its short sides, so that cleats 34 abut the protruding portion of the bottom panel to cooperate with the fasteners 30.
  • Line 41 of the figure 7 represents the secondary watertight barrier and the line 42 represents the interface between the caisson 11 and the foam block 10.
  • the caisson 11 operates in a temperature range [-110 ° C., -80 ° C. in which the thermal properties of the glass wool 94 or the low density PVC foam 97 are optimal.
  • the foam block 10 is largely in a temperature range [-50 ° C, 5 ° C] in which the thermal properties of the high-density PU foam 98 are optimal. This results in a very good thermal behavior of the tank which limits the natural evaporation (boil-off) of LNG.
  • Airgel is an insulating material that can be packaged in various forms, for example powder, blanquette of synthetic fibers loaded with powder, spherical agglomerates (beads).
  • the techniques described above for making a sealed and insulated wall can be used in different types of tanks, for example to form the wall of an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
  • a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the figure 5 represents an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a Installation on land 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all the LNG carriers.
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Claims (18)

  1. In einer Haltestruktur (1) angeordnetes dichtes und wärmeisolierendes Gefäß zur Aufnahme einer kalten Flüssigkeit,
    wobei die Gefäßwand aufeinanderfolgend eine primäre dichte Membran, dazu bestimmt mit der Flüssigkeit in Kontakt zu treten, eine primäre isolierende Sperre (4), eine sekundäre dichte Membran und eine, zwischen der sekundären dichten Membran und der Haltestruktur angeordnete, sekundäre isolierende Sperre (2), umfasst,
    wobei die sekundäre isolierende Sperre (2) eine erste Gruppe von nebeneinanderliegenden wärmeisolierenden Elementen (11) umfasst, um eine erste Schicht zu bilden, wobei ein erstes wärmeisolierendes Element (11) der ersten Schicht jeweils ein mit einer isolierenden Füllung gefülltes Behältnis umfasst, wobei die isolierende Füllung im Wesentlichen aus einem Material besteht, welches ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Mineralwollen, organischen Wollen, Polymerschäumen mit geringer Dichte und Aerogelen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sekundäre isolierende Sperre unter anderem eine zweite Gruppe von nebeneinanderliegenden wärmeisolierenden Elementen (10) umfasst, um eine zweite Schicht, welche zwischen der ersten Schicht und der Haltestruktur angeordnet ist, zu bilden, wobei ein wärmeisolierendes Element (10) der zweiten Schicht jeweils einen Polymerschaumblock mit hoher Dichte umfasst.
  2. Gefäß gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Polymerschaum mit geringer Dichte eine Dichte unter 50kg/m3 aufweist.
  3. Gefäß gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Polymerschaum mit geringer Dichte aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethanschaum und Polyvinylchloridschaum ausgewählt ist.
  4. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Polymerschaum mit hoher Dichte eine Dichte über 100kg/m3 aufweist.
  5. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der Polymerschaum mit hoher Dichte aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethanschaum und glasfaserverstärktem Polyurethanschaum ausgewählt ist.
  6. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die isolierende Füllung des wärmeisolierenden Elements (11) der ersten Schicht weiterhin konvektionsverhindernde Bänder umfasst, auf denen die Mineralwolle geklebt ist, um die Konvektion des Behältnisses zu verringern.
  7. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein wärmeisolierendes Element (11) der ersten Schicht und ein wärmeisolierendes Element (10) der zweiten Schicht jeweils die gleichen Maße in einer Ebene der Gefäßwand aufweisen und aneinandergereiht angeordnet sind, und
    wobei die fest mit der Haltestruktur verbundenen Halteelemente (3) auf Höhe der Ecken der aneinandergereihten wärmeisolierenden Elemente angebracht sind und mit den Randstücken (9) der wärmeisolierenden Elemente der ersten Schicht zusammenwirken, um die aneinandergereihten wärmeisolierenden Elemente der zweiten Schichten der isolierenden Sperre gegen die Haltestruktur zu halten, wobei ein wärmeisolierendes Element der zweiten Schicht (10) jeweils starre Leisten (27), welche sich in Richtung der Schichtdicke des Polymerschaumblockes mit hoher Dichte auf Höhe der Ecken des Polymerschaumblockes mit hoher Dichte erstrecken, umfasst, um die Kräfte der Halteelemente aufzunehmen.
  8. Gefäß gemäß Anspruch 7, wobei das wärmeisolierende Element der ersten Schicht und das aneinandergereihte wärmeisolierende Element der zweiten Schicht miteinander verbunden sind und eine vorgefertigtes Isolationsmodul (6) bilden.
  9. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das wärmeisolierende Element der zweiten Schicht eine Sperrholzabdeckplatte (13) umfasst, welche auf dem Schaumblock angebracht ist, wobei die Abdeckplatte eine innere Lage aus Tannenholz und eine äußere Lage aus Birkenholz umfasst.
  10. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 , wobei Stränge aus Kitt auf der Unterfläche des wärmeisolierenden Elementes (10) der zweiten Schicht angebracht sind, welche auf der Haltestruktur (1) aufliegen, so dass Unebenheiten der Haltestruktur ausgeglichen sind.
  11. Gefäß gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei das wärmeisolierende Element der zweiten Schicht eine starre Bodenplatte (14) umfasst, welche unter dem Schaumblock angebracht ist, wobei die Stränge aus Kitt auf der Bodenplatte angebracht sind.
  12. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei das Behältnis des wärmeisolierenden Elementes der ersten Schicht eine Bodenplatte (17), Seitenstreifen (16), welche auf der Bodenplatte angebracht sind und senkrecht zu einer Seite der Bodenplatte überstehen, um den Umriss eines Innenraumes des Kastens abzugrenzen, eine Vielzahl von inneren Wänden (15,115), welche beidseitig parallel und senkrecht zur Bodenplatte sind und sich zwischen den Seitenstreifen erstrecken, so dass sie den Innenraum in eine Vielzahl von Bereichen unterteilen, in welchen die wärmeisolierende Füllung angeordnet ist, und eine Abdeckplatte (18), welche auf einem oberen Rand der Seitenstreifen und der inneren Wände angeordnet und von diesem gehalten und welche parallel zur Bodenplatte und beabstandet von dieser ist, um den Innenbereich des Kasten zu schließen, umfasst.
  13. Gefäß gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei eine innere Wand des Behältnisses eine hohle Struktur (115) umfasst, welche aus zwei Wänden (21), welche jeweils beabstandet und parallel mittels Abstandhalter (20) zwischen den Wänden angebracht sind, besteht.
  14. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die primäre isolierende Sperre durch nebeneinanderliegende wärmeisolierende Elemente (33) gebildet wird, wobei ein wärmeisolierendes Element der primären isolierenden Sperre jeweils ein Behältnis, welches mit einer isolierenden Füllung, welche im Wesentlichen aus Mineralwolle oder Perlit besteht, gefüllt ist, umfasst.
  15. Gefäß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei die oder jede dichte Membran parallele Blechstreifen umfasst, deren Längsseiten erhaben zum Inneren des Gefäßes ausgebildet sind und parallele Lötflügel, welche auf der zugrundeliegenden wärmeisolierenden Sperre (3,5) gehalten sind und zum Inneren des Gefäßes jeweils zwischen zwei Blechstreifen überstehen, eine mit den aneinandergrenzenden Längsseiten dichte Lötfuge bilden.
  16. Schiff (70) zum Transport einer kalten Flüssigkeit, wobei das Schiff eine Doppelhülle (72) und ein in der Doppelhülle angeordnetes Gefäß (71) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 umfasst.
  17. Verfahren zur Verwendung eines Schiffes (70) gemäß Anspruch 16, wobei eine kalte Flüssigkeit durch isolierte Rohrleitungen (73, 79, 76, 81) von oder zu einer schwimmenden oder erdverbundenen Speicheranlage (77) zu oder von dem Gefäß (71) des Schiffes befördert wird.
  18. Transfersystem für eine kalte Flüssigkeit, wobei das System ein Schiff (70) gemäß Anspruch 16 umfasst, wobei isolierte Rohrleitungen (73, 79, 76, 81) so angeordnet sind, dass sie das in der Schiffshülle angeordnete Gefäß (71) mit einer schwimmenden oder erdverbundenen Speicheranlage (77) verbinden, sowie eine Pumpe umfasst, die einen Strom der kalten Flüssigkeit durch isolierte Rohrleitungen von oder zu der schwimmenden oder erdverbundenen Speicheranlage zu oder von dem Gefäß des Schiffs leitet.
EP12744110.3A 2011-08-01 2012-07-26 Abgedichteter wärmeisolierender behälter Active EP2739895B1 (de)

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FR1157024A FR2978748B1 (fr) 2011-08-01 2011-08-01 Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante
PCT/FR2012/051768 WO2013017781A1 (fr) 2011-08-01 2012-07-26 Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante

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CN103748401B (zh) 2015-11-25
JP2014524547A (ja) 2014-09-22
KR20140050705A (ko) 2014-04-29
WO2013017781A1 (fr) 2013-02-07
AU2012291901B2 (en) 2015-10-29
FR2978748B1 (fr) 2014-10-24
ES2647100T3 (es) 2017-12-19
AU2012291901A1 (en) 2014-03-06
JP6356602B2 (ja) 2018-07-11
KR101863989B1 (ko) 2018-07-05
EP2739895A1 (de) 2014-06-11
CN103748401A (zh) 2014-04-23
FR2978748A1 (fr) 2013-02-08

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