EP2734795A2 - Module pour pompe à chaleur - Google Patents

Module pour pompe à chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP2734795A2
EP2734795A2 EP12740341.8A EP12740341A EP2734795A2 EP 2734795 A2 EP2734795 A2 EP 2734795A2 EP 12740341 A EP12740341 A EP 12740341A EP 2734795 A2 EP2734795 A2 EP 2734795A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
module according
housing
module
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP12740341.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Schiehlen
Steffen Thiele
Thomas Wolff
Eberhard Zwittig
Hans-Heinrich Angermann
Roland Burk
Holger Schroth
Stefan Felber
Steffen Brunner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG, Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2734795A2 publication Critical patent/EP2734795A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/025—Liquid transfer means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof
    • F25B2315/002—Generator absorber heat exchanger [GAX]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof
    • F25B2315/006—Reversible sorption cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B35/00—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
    • F25B35/04—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/026—Evaporators specially adapted for sorption type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a module for a heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1,
  • WO 2010/112433 A2 describes a heat pump which has stacks of hollow elements, in each of which an adsorption-desorption zone and a condensation-evaporation zone are arranged.
  • the hollow elements are each filled with a working fluid which can be displaced between the two areas.
  • An adsorbent is applied to sheets having passages for passage of pipes.
  • Such a support structure may for example be formed as a trapezoidal sheet comprising longitudinal folds which are aligned transversely to provided in a housing cover longitudinal beads.
  • the trapezoidal sheet is dispensed with and this is replaced by two supporting elements which mutually support two housing shells provided with transverse beads.
  • Alternative detailed designs of the support structure are possible, for example as a grid, a plurality of rods u. ä.
  • the latter comprises in the first region (adsorption-desorption zone) adsorber structures comprising at least one tube through which a heat-carrying fluid can flow, and an adsorbent, wherein the working medium can be adsorbed and desorbed on the adsorbent and the adsorbent is in thermal communication with the tube, wherein the adsorbent is formed as at least one, in particular a plurality of moldings, which is directly adjacent to a tube wall of one of the tubes. Due to the formation of the adsorbent as immediately adjacent to the pipe wall molding a direct heat transfer is achieved by the fluid through the pipe wall to the molding. This can further simplify the structural design, save space and construction costs and increase the overall effectiveness.
  • An immediate adjoining within the meaning of the invention is to be understood as the geometrically direct abutment of the moldings on the shape of the pipes.
  • one or more further layers may be present between a bearing material of the tube walls and the shaped bodies, for example adhesive, thermal compound, solder and / or a corrosion protection layer of the tube wall.
  • a preferred but not necessary working medium for adsorption and desorption is methanol.
  • the adsorbent is advantageously based on activated carbon.
  • the shaped body has a thickness of at least about 1 mm, preferably at least about 2 mm. Such relatively large thicknesses allow high efficiency and optimization of the installation space.
  • An upper limit for the thicknesses of the shaped body structures in this sense is advantageously about 10 mm and more preferably about 6 mm.
  • a possible embodiment of the invention provides that the shaped body is connected to the pipe wall by means of a preferably elastic adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive layer has a silicone base, whereby a good elasticity is achieved at the same time high heat resistance and chemical resistance.
  • An exemplary preferred silicone-based adhesive is ELASTOSIL® E43, or more preferably the 1-K addition-curing Semicosil 988.
  • the adhesive layer also has additives to increase thermal conductivity.
  • additives to increase thermal conductivity may be boron nitride and / or finely ground graphite, expanded graphite and / or carbon black.
  • the adhesive layer preferably has an at least short-term temperature stability of about 250 ° C., so that at least one complete complete adsorber desorption, for example in the course of an initial installation, is made possible.
  • a durable resistance of the adhesive layer to the working medium, in particular methanol, is given up to at least about 130 ° C.
  • the adhesive layer is preferably selected such that an elongation at break or breaking elongation of at least about 200%, preferably about 300%, is present. As a result, a spalling of the molded body is avoided by the pipe wall by different thermal expansion at larger temperature changes.
  • thermomechanical stresses occurring during thermal cycling by means of predetermined breaking points introduced into the adsorber moldings.
  • less elastic types of adhesives and / or very thin adhesive layers can be used, which can only compensate for lower thermal expansion differences.
  • this opens up further diffusion paths of the working medium into and out of the adsorbent (see below).
  • at least one of a plurality of moldings is subjected to a force, preferably frictionally engaged, abuts the tube wall of the tube.
  • a cohesive fixing or bonding is dispensed with, so that different thermal expansions can be optimally compensated.
  • the kraftbeetzmannte holder causes a defined, even more direct and thus higher heat transfer.
  • At least one of the two, tubular or shaped bodies has a substantially wedge-shaped cross section, wherein in particular at least one of the two is held by force in a wedge direction.
  • flat wedge angles of a few degrees are preferably selected.
  • an adsorber structure according to the invention may comprise both cohesively and purely non-positively held shaped bodies.
  • the tube is designed as a flat or rectangular tube, wherein the shaped body preferably adjacent to broad sides of the flat or rectangular tube.
  • Flat tubes are easy and inexpensive to produce and have large areas for heat transfer.
  • all known types of flat tubes are ever conceivable for use, for example welded and / or brazed tubes, hydroformed tubes, tubes with flanged seams, snap-over tubes and / or B-type tubes.
  • the tube is designed substantially as a round tube or polygon tube, wherein the tube is embedded by two or more Formkorper. Such a design allows a largely dense stacking in two spatial directions, which is the utilization of space especially accommodating.
  • the shaped bodies embedding the tube have a total of a polygonal, in particular hexagonal outer contour, so that one in
  • the shaped bodies are substantially plate-shaped, wherein they each have a plurality of indentations for partially enclosing a plurality of the tubes. In this way, a good use of space can be achieved with few one-time parts.
  • the shaped body has a recess which at least partially forms a vapor channel for the adsorbent and / or a predetermined breaking point of the shaped body.
  • a predetermined breaking point allows a defined breaking, for example due to a locally too high thermal expansion.
  • the mechanical and thermal integrity of the overall structure, in particular the thermal contact between the tube and the adsorbent is maintained.
  • the formation of defined cracks parallel to the direction of heat conduction improves the access area of the working medium and the kinetics of mass transfer.
  • the tube consists essentially of an iron-based alloy.
  • Such alloys are particularly robust against many working fluids, especially methanol.
  • the tube consists of a ferritic stainless steel (low thermal expansion coefficient) such as 1 .4509, 1 .4512 etc. and / or a tinned stainless steel. It can also consist of a normal tinned steel, such as inexpensive tinplate. Another variant is to use galvanized base material, in particular galvanized steel. It is also possible low alloyed To use steel or stainless steel such as DC03, if contact corrosion and surface corrosion (the latter by suitable corrosion inhibitors in the fluid) can be avoided. When designed as flat tubes, a hydraulic diameter of less than approximately 5 mm, preferably in the range between 1 mm and 2 mm, is preferably present.
  • the wall thicknesses of the flat tube is advantageously in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.
  • this When trained as a round tube, this preferably has a diameter in the range between 4 mm and 6 mm.
  • the round tube advantageously has wall thicknesses in the range between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm and preferably between 0, 1 mm and 0.3 mm.
  • the round tube can be equipped with turbulence inserts to increase the inside heat transfer coefficient.
  • the adsorber structures are formed as a mechanical support of the housing, which leads to a particularly high resistance to external pressure.
  • a spatially particularly dense arrangement of the moldings and tubes is achieved at the same time.
  • the housing wall of the module is preferably made of an iron-based alloy, for example steel, stainless steel, tinned or galvanized steel or the like.
  • the material may correspond to a material of the tubes.
  • the exterior of the housing may be painted or otherwise coated to prevent corrosion.
  • Particularly preferred may be provided in the interior of the housing between the two areas, a support frame to prevent excessive collapse of the housing in this area.
  • the adsorption-desorption area occupies a greater part of the modulus than the evaporation-condensation area.
  • the ratio of the volumes occupied by these regions within the housing in each case is between approximately 1, 5 or 1, 7 and approximately 4.
  • the module may be used as an adsorptive heat and / or cold storage or in a classical adsorption heat pump concept with multiple adsorption reactors, with a common but separate condenser and evaporator.
  • a molded article according to the invention comprising an adsorbent for a heat pump consists of a mixture comprising an adsorbent and a binder comprising a ceramic binder.
  • the ceramic binder is based on silicates, preferably, but not necessarily, on aluminosilicates. Also, siliceous ceramics such as eg magnesium silicates (example steatite), magnesium aluminum silicates (example cordierite) are possible.
  • the proportion by weight of the ceramic binder in the molding is between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 15% and 30%.
  • the mixture advantageously contains a powder of a sorption active
  • Base material in a particle size in the range between 2 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 5 pm and 100 pm.
  • the sorbent-active base material may, for example, be activated carbon.
  • the mixture may contain excipients to improve the heat conduction, for example expanded graphite and / or boron nitride and / or silicon carbide and / or aluminum nitride.
  • the additives preferably have a mass fraction of between 5% and 50%, particularly preferably between 10% and 35%.
  • inorganic fibers may be added which improve the thermal conductivity and / or the mechanical stability.
  • activated carbon fibers are added, which advantageously both include a heat conduction function and / or mechanical stabilization and can perform an adsorption function.
  • a manufacturing method of the molded article of the present invention may be e.g. Extrude and / or sintering include.
  • the sintering can be carried out under inert gas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a spatially open view of a module with adsorber structures according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows the module of Fig. 1 in an exploded view.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of housing parts of the module from FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view through the module from FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an adsorber structure of the invention with material-locking support.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view through a stacked arrangement of a plurality of the adsorbent structures of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a spatial view of adsorber structures of FIG. 5 stacked in two spatial directions.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 shows sectional views of several types of flat tubes of the adsorber structures from FIGS. 5 to 7 and a sectional view of a flat tube inserted in a tubesheet.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of adsorber structures with non-positive retention.
  • Fig. 10 shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 9 with wedge-shaped flat tubes.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a spatial representation of another example of an adsorber structure of the invention with a round tube.
  • FIG. 12 shows a stacking of adsorber structures according to FIG. 11 in two spatial directions.
  • Fig. 13 shows a plate-shaped molded body of another embodiment of an adsorber structure.
  • FIG. 14 shows a modification of the molding of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 15 shows an adsorber structure with round tubes and shaped bodies according to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 16 shows an exploded view of the parts of an alternative housing concept
  • Fig. 17 shows a module structure with two support elements in cross section
  • Fig. 18 shows the module assembly with two support elements without the upper housing half shell
  • Fig. 19 shows another alternative housing concept with one piece
  • Fig. 20 shows the internal structure of the one-piece hydroformed housing concept with a support element
  • the module shown in Fig. 1 is one of several modules of a heat pump. It comprises a housing 1, in which a first area as adsorption-desorption area 2 and a second area are arranged next to each other as a condensation evaporation Studentsber 3. Each of the regions 2, 3 comprises a plurality of tubes 4, in the present case flat tubes, which are arranged in two spatial directions as bundles.
  • the tubes 4 of the first region are each designed as an adsorber structure 5 (see FIG. 5).
  • the wide sides of the flat tubes 4 are each connected in a planar manner to a shaped body 6, in this case by gluing.
  • the shaped body 6 consists of a mixture of adsorbent, precipitated) activated carbon, and binder.
  • An adhesive layer 7 for connecting the molded bodies 6 to the tubes 4 comprises a silicone-based elastic adhesive, in the present case Semicosil 988.
  • moldings recesses 6a, 6b which serve as steam channels 6a for the collected supply and discharge of working fluid and / or predetermined breaking points 6b, by which a chipping of the moldings of the tube 4 is avoided in excessive thermal stress.
  • the tubes 4 are in end portions 4a beyond the moldings 6 and open in passages 10a of tube sheets 10. These are designed so that they can absorb thermo-mechanical expansion differences between the housing parts on the one hand and the pipes on the other elastic. 25 For this purpose, they may also have one or more annular beads, which surrounds the passage region of the tube bundle.
  • the flat tubes 4 may be formed in any desired manner, for example according to FIG. 8 as a laser-longitudinally welded tube, snap-over tube, B-type tube or crimping tube (from left to right).
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show embodiments with flat tubes 4, in which the moldings 6 are not glued or materially connected, but non-positively, in this case frictionally engaged in the example of FIG. 9, the moldings are slightly wedge-shaped and the flat tubes are formed conventionally , Each shaped body 6 extends in a depth direction over a plurality of flat tubes 4. In the longitudinal direction or stacking direction, the orientations of the shaped bodies 6 alternate. In the example of FIG. 10, both the molded body 6 and the flat tubes 4 are slightly wedge-shaped.
  • a shaped body in each case a shaped body extends over a flat tube, rows of flat tubes lying one behind the other in the depth direction being shown in reverse orientation.
  • the moldings as in FIG. 9, project over the flat tubes in the depth direction, so that the moldings are held in the wedge direction by support means or elastically force-loading means (not shown).
  • respective holding elements 8 are provided on the end side, which support at least the end-side shaped bodies with static or elastic force in this direction. At least part of the support force in the stacking direction can also be intercepted by the pipes 4 received in passages.
  • the end-side support means of the tube bundle can also be braced against each other, for. B. by means of one or more straps.
  • FIG. 1 1 are in place of flat tubes before round tubes 4, which may be formed polygonal depending on the modification.
  • the round tubes 4 are each partially surrounded by a plurality of, in the present case two, shaped bodies 6.
  • the moldings 6 embed the tube 4 in particular total completely (except for tolerance or adhesive gaps), wherein they have an overall hexagonal outer contour.
  • the adsorber structures 5 consisting of one tube 4 and two moldings 6 can be stacked in dense packing in two spatial directions (see FIG. 12).
  • the preferred thickness of the shaped bodies 6 results from the average length of the heat conduction path, for which the same specifications apply to all shapes (preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm, particularly preferably between 2 mm and 6 mm).
  • edges of the outer contours of the shaped bodies are rounded in a rounded manner, so that steam channels 6a are formed in each case in the stack.
  • segmentation of the molded body in the tube longitudinal direction and spacing of the segments may be formed transverse to the tube longitudinal axis extending, additional steam channels.
  • the example according to FIGS. 11, 12 may be formed with a material-locking and / or force-fit connection of the shaped bodies 6 to the tubes 4.
  • the same adhesive system can be used as in the other embodiments.
  • the shaped bodies 6 are substantially plate-shaped, with each of the plates 6 having a plurality of bulges 9 for partially enclosing the tubes 4.
  • the tubes are present, but not necessary, round tubes.
  • the moldings 6 each have recesses 8a, 8b for the formation of steam channels and predetermined breaking points. It is understood that an 6a, 6b can fulfill both functions at the same time.
  • FIG. 15 shows an adsorber structure 5 which comprises a stack of several of the shaped bodies according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 with rows of round tubes 4 arranged therebetween.
  • the adsorber structures described above preferably have the following properties:
  • the tubes of the bundles are well thermally conductive connected to the moldings, with end-side projections ranging from 5 mm to 1 5 mm.
  • the tubes of the tube bundles are characterized by:
  • Base material Fe-base material particularly preferably ferritic stainless steel; this has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than austenitic stainless steels.
  • tinned stainless steel or tinned steel can also be used as the pipe material.
  • galvanized base material in particular galvanized steel.
  • inexpensive steel inexpensive steel (mild steel) can also be used.
  • they can also be coated or painted in an anticorrosive manner to the outside only after the final cohesive joining of the entire module.
  • the flat tubes 4 (FIGS. 5 to 10) have a hydraulic diameter of ⁇ 5 mm, preferably in the range between 1 and 2 mm.
  • the wall thickness ken of the flat tubes are in the range 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm.
  • the round tubes (FIGS. 11 to 15) preferably have a diameter in the range between 4 and 6 mm.
  • the round tubes 4 have wall thicknesses in the range between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.
  • adsorption-active base material for adsorption of the selected working fluid (in this case methanol) having the following properties:
  • adsorber compound consisting of:
  • Powder of the sorption-active base material having a particle size in the range between 2 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 5 pm and 100 pm.
  • Ceramic binder based on siliceous ceramics e.g. Magnesium silicates (example steatite), magnesium aluminum silicates
  • the proportion by weight of the ceramic binder in the molding is between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 15% and 30%.
  • Heat-conductive additives in particular expanded graphite, BN, SiC, AIN, in the mass fraction between 5% and 50%, preferably from 10% to
  • Extrusion e.g. to a film or a strand which is rolled into a film, are rolled into the grooves, grooves or blind holes with subsequent cutting.
  • the starting mixture may optionally contain a pore-forming agent, e.g. in
  • One- or two-sided groove structure with a groove distance correlated by a factor between 0.5 and 2 with the plate thickness.
  • a groove width is ⁇ 1 mm, preferably ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • groove volume as adhesive displacement volume to achieve thin adhesive layers
  • -Durable stability to the working medium preferably methanol, up to 130 ° C;
  • enrichment with heat-conducting auxiliaries such as BN, finely ground graphite, expanded graphite or carbon black;
  • Elongation at break (elongation at break) at room temperature is at least 300%
  • a layer thickness of the adhesive layer is between 10 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 50 pm and 150 pm.
  • the heat transfer fluid flowing through the tubes 4 can be chosen as desired, but is preferably a water-propylene glycol mixture.
  • the module for a heat pump shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has in its first region 2 preferably, but not necessarily, adsorber structures according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • any evaporation condensation structures can be arranged, but preferably structures according to the document. EP 1 918 668 B1.
  • the housing 1 of the module comprises a lower housing part 1 a and an upper housing part 1 b, each having in a first direction (Durchströ- tion direction) embossed longitudinal beads for stiffening.
  • the housing 1 also includes the bottoms 10 with the passages 10a, in which the tubes 4 are inserted.
  • the edges of the bottoms are hermetically sealed by the two housing parts 1 a, 1 b.
  • each support structures 1 1 are provided between housing parts 1 a, 1 b and the first and second regions 2, 3 each support structures 1 1 are provided.
  • the support structures 1 1 are formed flat, in the present case as trapezoidal sheets (see in particular Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).
  • a folding of the trapezoidal sheets 1 1 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the housing parts 1 a, 1 b.
  • the trapezoidal sheets lie from the inside to the housing parts 1 a, 1 b and are firmly connected to these by means of material-joining method, such as resistance spot welding.
  • the crossover of the longitudinal corrugations and the folds results overall in a high pressure stability of the housing walls, in particular against external overpressure, and good thermal decoupling between internal structures and the housing parts.
  • a further support is the stacked adsorber structures 5 in the first region. At least at operating temperatures and / or under the corresponding pressure influence (installation with minimally necessary play), the moldings 6 abut each other in the vertical and on the trapezoidal sheets of the housing, so that an optimal Support against the usually higher external pressure takes place.
  • the floors 10 are provided from the outside with water boxes 12 made of plastic, as it is known in principle from the heat exchanger construction.
  • the water boxes 12 have connections 1 2a for the supply and removal of heat transfer fluid.
  • trays 10 In the trays 10 are ports 13 for filling the module with working fluid, in this case methanol provided.
  • a connection 14 is designed as a pressure relief valve with actuatable valve stamper.
  • a support frame 1 5 is arranged in the module between the first region 2 and the second region 3 in order to further improve the mechanical stability, in particular in the vicinity of the second region 3.
  • the active structures for evaporation and condensation In general, in contrast to the adsorber structures 5 of the first region 2, it is not provided that the active structures for evaporation and condensation The second region is abutted against one another in the manner of a mechanical support. This prevents condensed working fluid from flowing from top to bottom between the structures.
  • a further particularly preferred further embodiment has, according to FIGS. B1 to B3, the following deviating features;
  • the direction of the Gescousickenicken of the two half-shells is rotated by 90 ° and divided into three sections, between which there are undeformed flat housing surfaces.
  • the housing shells are internally supported by a total of two support frames in the area of the undeformed flat surfaces, which have flags which partially pass through the housing shells. These flags are subsequently welded from the outside cohesively and hermetically sealed with the housing parts with the advantage that this embodiment can accommodate even greater pressures without damage.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown with two support frame in combination with the modified bead structure of the housing half-shells allows the elimination of the trapezoidal sheet and thus a reduction of the inner surface and the housing ground.
  • the tubesheets have the following features: Low thermally conductive metal base material, preferably austenitic stainless steel such as 1 .4301 or 1 .4404. A thickness range of the tubesheet is between 0.3 mm and 1, 5 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm. Depending on the type of tube used and the method of joining, tinned or galvanized base materials or uncoated, inexpensive steels can also be used.
  • a spacing of the tubesheet passages for thermal decoupling of the two regions 2, 3 as a function of the thermal conductivity of the tubesheets is provided (adiabatic zone 16).
  • the tubesheet can also be provided with an impressed transverse beading for reducing the heat conduction losses between the regions.
  • the tubesheets 10 have integrally formed tube passages 10a and have an optional coating which is adapted to the type of tube used and the fluid-tight joining method implemented, for example a tin layer for the case of joining by means of soft soldering.
  • a fluid-tight tube-ground connection can be made by remote laser beam welding, characterized by:
  • a fluid-tight tube-ground connection can be achieved by soft soldering, characterized by:
  • a fluid-tight pipe-ground connection can be achieved by gluing, characterized by:
  • a suitable adhesive preferably from the group of epoxy resin adhesives
  • Adhesive joint ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • the housing 1 of the hollow element is preferably characterized by:
  • Base material made of stainless steel preferably austenitic
  • a reinforcement by a trapezoidal sheet 1 1 with a folded edge perpendicular to the direction of the outer wall characterized by:
  • Trapezoid height tuned to support the inner trapezoidal surfaces on the Adsorber Modell; Recesses for 90 ° reshaping towards the side surfaces;
  • the housing half-shells 1 a, 1 b are preferably connected by welding through the upper and lower plate by means of laser beam deep welding cohesively and hermetically,
  • the floor-housing connection is carried out by seam welding
  • the support frame 15 is arranged in the region of the adiabatic zone 16 between the sorption zone 2 and the phase change zone 3 and is preferably characterized by:
  • the terminals 13, 14 for evacuating and filling preferably consist of welded to the tube sheet by resistance welding stainless steel or copper nozzle, in each of which an evacuation and Be Scholirohr copper, for squeezing, ultrasonic welding and / or soldering, are soldered.
  • an evacuation and Be Scholirohr copper for squeezing, ultrasonic welding and / or soldering
  • it may be screwed into the nozzle and sealed by means of metal gasket Industriesfittinge, in which a evacuation / Be Shelirohr copper for squeezing and soldering or ultrasonic welding is soldered.
  • the water boxes 12 are preferably made of an injection-molded and largely hydrolysis-resistant plastic inner part, preferably made of PA or PPS, comprising:
  • Elastomer seal for sealing against the tube sheet; -any fluid connection;
  • An optional pressure bell made of metal may have: -Blockentiefe tuned to support the inner, sealing plastic inner part;
  • Figures 16 to 18 show a module consisting of several modules together a heat pump. It comprises a housing 1 consisting of the upper housing half 1b and the lower housing half 1a, in which a first region as adsorption-desorption region 2 and a second region as condensation evaporation region 3 are arranged side by side.
  • the adsorption-desorption region 2 is divided into two sub-modules, which are separated by a support element 15.
  • Each of the regions 2, 3 comprises a plurality of tubes 4, in the present case flat tubes, which are arranged stacked in two spatial directions as a bundle.
  • the tubes 4 of the first region are each formed as an adsorber 5.
  • the wide sides of the flat tubes 4 are each connected in a planar manner to a shaped body 6, in particular by gluing.
  • the molded body 6 consists of a mixture of adsorbent, in the present activated carbon, and binder.
  • recesses 6a, 6b are formed, which serve as steam channels 6a for the collected supply and removal of working fluid and / or predetermined breaking points 6b, by which a chipping of the moldings of the tube 4 is avoided in excessive thermal stress.
  • the tubes 4 are in end portions 4a beyond the moldings 6 and open in passages 10a of tube sheets 10. These are designed so that they can absorb thermo-mechanical expansion differences between the housing parts on the one hand and the pipes on the other elastic. These can also have one or more annular beads, which surrounds the passage region of the tube bundle.
  • the two support elements 15 are arranged parallel to the longitudinal extent of the tubes 4, the two transverse shells provided housing half-shells 1 a, 1 b supported each other.
  • Alternative detailed designs of the support structure are possible, for example as a grid, a plurality of rods u. ä.
  • the housing according to FIGS. 19 to 21 is composed of at least one cylinder-segment-like housing region 100 and an arbitrarily shaped second smaller housing region 101, which preferably forms a single internal high-pressure-converted component.
  • the cylinder segment 100 preferably encloses the larger sorption area (adsorption / desorption zone) of the module such that the transition area to the second housing area 101 comes to lie in the adiabatic zone.
  • This transition region is presently supported by a support frame 102 for receiving the diff erenzd ruck mechanism between the inner and the outer space.
  • Both housing sections 100, 101 are provided with beads 103 for stabilizing the shape.
  • This support element 02 is preferably designed as such. leads that it is connected to the hydroformed housing z, B, by welding material conclusive, so as to be able to absorb differential pressure forces from the inside out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un module pour une pompe à chaleur, comprenant une zone adsorption-désorption (2) dans laquelle peut être disposé un faisceau de tubes (4) apte à être parcourus par un fluide, et un carter qui renferme de manière hermétique le faisceau de tubes ainsi qu'un agent de travail transférable, une structure d'appui (11) formant un support mécanique d'une paroi (1a, 1b) du carter (1) à l'encontre de l'action d'une pression externe.
EP12740341.8A 2011-07-21 2012-07-19 Module pour pompe à chaleur Ceased EP2734795A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011079586A DE102011079586A1 (de) 2011-07-21 2011-07-21 Modul für eine Wärmepumpe
PCT/EP2012/064224 WO2013011102A2 (fr) 2011-07-21 2012-07-19 Module pour pompe à chaleur

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2734795A2 true EP2734795A2 (fr) 2014-05-28

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EP12740341.8A Ceased EP2734795A2 (fr) 2011-07-21 2012-07-19 Module pour pompe à chaleur

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US (1) US9829225B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2734795A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011079586A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013011102A2 (fr)

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DE102013222258A1 (de) 2013-10-31 2015-05-21 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeübertragers, insbesondere eines Sorptionswärmeübertragers
DE102014223058A1 (de) 2013-11-13 2015-05-13 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Thermisch angetriebener Verflüssigersatz und eine Adsorptionswärme- oder -kälteanlage
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US20170003056A1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2017-01-05 Entegris, Inc. Carbon monoliths for adsorption refrigeration and heating applications
DE102014217108A1 (de) 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Adsorbereinrichtung, Wärmeeinrichtung, Kraftfahrzeug
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013011102A3 (fr) 2013-05-10
WO2013011102A2 (fr) 2013-01-24
US20140223955A1 (en) 2014-08-14
DE102011079586A1 (de) 2013-01-24
US9829225B2 (en) 2017-11-28

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