EP2734795A2

EP2734795A2 - Module for a heat pump

Info

Publication number: EP2734795A2
Application number: EP12740341.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas Schiehlen; Steffen Thiele; Thomas Wolff; Eberhard Zwittig; Hans-Heinrich Angermann; Roland Burk; Holger Schroth; Stefan Felber; Steffen Brunner
Original assignee: Behr GmbH and Co KG; Mahle International GmbH
Current assignee: Mahle International GmbH; Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2011-07-21
Filing date: 2012-07-19
Publication date: 2014-05-28
Also published as: US9829225B2; DE102011079586A1; WO2013011102A3; US20140223955A1; WO2013011102A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a module for a heat pump, comprising an adsorption-desorption region (2), wherein in the region a bundle of pipes (4) through which fluid can flow is arranged and a housing encloses the pipe bundle and a movable working medium in a sealing manner, wherein a supporting structure (11) forms a mechanical support of a wall (1a, 1b) of the housing (1) against the action of an external pressure.

Description

Module for a heat pump

The invention relates to a module for a heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1,

WO 2010/112433 A2 describes a heat pump which has stacks of hollow elements, in each of which an adsorption-desorption zone and a condensation-evaporation zone are arranged. The hollow elements are each filled with a working fluid which can be displaced between the two areas. An adsorbent is applied to sheets having passages for passage of pipes.

It is the object of the invention to provide a module for a heat pump, which has a pressure-resistant, in particular under jerk-resistant design.

This object is achieved according to the invention for an initially mentioned module with the characterizing features of claim 1. By providing a support structure, an improved pressure resistance of the housing, in particular with respect to a higher external pressure, can be achieved with simple means. such more modules can be combined to a heat pump according to the invention, for example according to the teaching of WO 2010/1 12433 A2.

In general, in such a module prevails at least under certain operating conditions, a negative pressure to the environment, which places special demands on the design of the housing. Due to the support structure, the externally acting pressure forces can be effectively absorbed and / or distributed.

Such a support structure may for example be formed as a trapezoidal sheet comprising longitudinal folds which are aligned transversely to provided in a housing cover longitudinal beads. In a further embodiment according to FIGS. 16 to 18, the trapezoidal sheet is dispensed with and this is replaced by two supporting elements which mutually support two housing shells provided with transverse beads. Alternative detailed designs of the support structure are possible, for example as a grid, a plurality of rods u. ä.

In a preferred embodiment of the module, the latter comprises in the first region (adsorption-desorption zone) adsorber structures comprising at least one tube through which a heat-carrying fluid can flow, and an adsorbent, wherein the working medium can be adsorbed and desorbed on the adsorbent and the adsorbent is in thermal communication with the tube, wherein the adsorbent is formed as at least one, in particular a plurality of moldings, which is directly adjacent to a tube wall of one of the tubes. Due to the formation of the adsorbent as immediately adjacent to the pipe wall molding a direct heat transfer is achieved by the fluid through the pipe wall to the molding. This can further simplify the structural design, save space and construction costs and increase the overall effectiveness.

An immediate adjoining within the meaning of the invention is to be understood as the geometrically direct abutment of the moldings on the shape of the pipes. Depending on the detail design, one or more further layers may be present between a bearing material of the tube walls and the shaped bodies, for example adhesive, thermal compound, solder and / or a corrosion protection layer of the tube wall.

A preferred but not necessary working medium for adsorption and desorption is methanol. The adsorbent is advantageously based on activated carbon.

In an advantageous embodiment, the shaped body has a thickness of at least about 1 mm, preferably at least about 2 mm. Such relatively large thicknesses allow high efficiency and optimization of the installation space. An upper limit for the thicknesses of the shaped body structures in this sense is advantageously about 10 mm and more preferably about 6 mm. A possible embodiment of the invention provides that the shaped body is connected to the pipe wall by means of a preferably elastic adhesive layer. Particularly preferably, the adhesive layer has a silicone base, whereby a good elasticity is achieved at the same time high heat resistance and chemical resistance. An exemplary preferred silicone-based adhesive is ELASTOSIL® E43, or more preferably the 1-K addition-curing Semicosil 988. Preferably, but not necessarily, the adhesive layer also has additives to increase thermal conductivity. By way of example, these may be boron nitride and / or finely ground graphite, expanded graphite and / or carbon black. Possible also metallic or ceramic particles,

The adhesive layer preferably has an at least short-term temperature stability of about 250 ° C., so that at least one complete complete adsorber desorption, for example in the course of an initial installation, is made possible. A durable resistance of the adhesive layer to the working medium, in particular methanol, is given up to at least about 130 ° C.

The adhesive layer is preferably selected such that an elongation at break or breaking elongation of at least about 200%, preferably about 300%, is present. As a result, a spalling of the molded body is avoided by the pipe wall by different thermal expansion at larger temperature changes.

In another embodiment of the invention, it is provided to reduce the thermomechanical stresses occurring during thermal cycling by means of predetermined breaking points introduced into the adsorber moldings. As a result, less elastic types of adhesives and / or very thin adhesive layers can be used, which can only compensate for lower thermal expansion differences. Of course, it is also possible to bring about the breaks before the start of operation of a module. In addition to the immediate mitigation of thermomechanical stresses, this opens up further diffusion paths of the working medium into and out of the adsorbent (see below). In a further possible embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one of a plurality of moldings is subjected to a force, preferably frictionally engaged, abuts the tube wall of the tube. Here, a cohesive fixing or bonding is dispensed with, so that different thermal expansions can be optimally compensated. The kraftbeaufschlagte holder causes a defined, even more direct and thus higher heat transfer.

In a preferred detailed design, at least one of the two, tubular or shaped bodies, has a substantially wedge-shaped cross section, wherein in particular at least one of the two is held by force in a wedge direction. In this case, flat wedge angles of a few degrees are preferably selected.

In principle, an adsorber structure according to the invention may comprise both cohesively and purely non-positively held shaped bodies.

In a generally advantageous embodiment, the tube is designed as a flat or rectangular tube, wherein the shaped body preferably adjacent to broad sides of the flat or rectangular tube. Flat tubes are easy and inexpensive to produce and have large areas for heat transfer. In principle, all known types of flat tubes are ever conceivable for use, for example welded and / or brazed tubes, hydroformed tubes, tubes with flanged seams, snap-over tubes and / or B-type tubes. In a further advantageous embodiment, the tube is designed substantially as a round tube or polygon tube, wherein the tube is embedded by two or more Formkorper. Such a design allows a largely dense stacking in two spatial directions, which is the utilization of space especially accommodating. In a preferred embodiment, the shaped bodies embedding the tube have a total of a polygonal, in particular hexagonal outer contour, so that one in

Essentially geometrically dense stacking is achievable.

In one possible detailed design, the shaped bodies are substantially plate-shaped, wherein they each have a plurality of indentations for partially enclosing a plurality of the tubes. In this way, a good use of space can be achieved with few one-time parts.

Generally, the shaped body has a recess which at least partially forms a vapor channel for the adsorbent and / or a predetermined breaking point of the shaped body. Thus, even with a spatially dense arrangement of adjacent moldings an effective supply and removal of the working fluid through the channels is given. The alternative or supplementary function as a predetermined breaking point allows a defined breaking, for example due to a locally too high thermal expansion. In this case, the mechanical and thermal integrity of the overall structure, in particular the thermal contact between the tube and the adsorbent, is maintained. The formation of defined cracks parallel to the direction of heat conduction improves the access area of the working medium and the kinetics of mass transfer.

Generally advantageously, the tube consists essentially of an iron-based alloy. Such alloys are particularly robust against many working fluids, especially methanol.

In a preferred detailed design, the tube consists of a ferritic stainless steel (low thermal expansion coefficient) such as 1 .4509, 1 .4512 etc. and / or a tinned stainless steel. It can also consist of a normal tinned steel, such as inexpensive tinplate. Another variant is to use galvanized base material, in particular galvanized steel. It is also possible low alloyed To use steel or stainless steel such as DC03, if contact corrosion and surface corrosion (the latter by suitable corrosion inhibitors in the fluid) can be avoided. When designed as flat tubes, a hydraulic diameter of less than approximately 5 mm, preferably in the range between 1 mm and 2 mm, is preferably present.

The wall thicknesses of the flat tube is advantageously in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.

When trained as a round tube, this preferably has a diameter in the range between 4 mm and 6 mm. The round tube advantageously has wall thicknesses in the range between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm and preferably between 0, 1 mm and 0.3 mm. The round tube can be equipped with turbulence inserts to increase the inside heat transfer coefficient.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the module, the adsorber structures are formed as a mechanical support of the housing, which leads to a particularly high resistance to external pressure. Here, a spatially particularly dense arrangement of the moldings and tubes is achieved at the same time.

The housing wall of the module is preferably made of an iron-based alloy, for example steel, stainless steel, tinned or galvanized steel or the like. In particular, the material may correspond to a material of the tubes. When steel is used, the exterior of the housing may be painted or otherwise coated to prevent corrosion. In a preferred detailed design is in the evaporation condensation region no support of the housing through the inner Pipes and associated structures for attachment and discharge of the working medium before. Since this area is usually narrower than the adsorption area, this area is cantilevered from the housing with bead and / or trapezoidal sheet metal structures bridged, so does not have to rely on the present in this area sensitive internal evaporation condensation structures. Particularly preferred may be provided in the interior of the housing between the two areas, a support frame to prevent excessive collapse of the housing in this area.

In a preferred module, the adsorption-desorption area occupies a greater part of the modulus than the evaporation-condensation area. Particularly preferably, the ratio of the volumes occupied by these regions within the housing in each case is between approximately 1, 5 or 1, 7 and approximately 4.

For example, if the module does not include a condensation evaporation region, it may be used as an adsorptive heat and / or cold storage or in a classical adsorption heat pump concept with multiple adsorption reactors, with a common but separate condenser and evaporator.

A molded article according to the invention comprising an adsorbent for a heat pump consists of a mixture comprising an adsorbent and a binder comprising a ceramic binder. The ceramic binder is based on silicates, preferably, but not necessarily, on aluminosilicates. Also, siliceous ceramics such as eg magnesium silicates (example steatite), magnesium aluminum silicates (example cordierite) are possible. The proportion by weight of the ceramic binder in the molding is between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 15% and 30%. The mixture advantageously contains a powder of a sorption active

Base material in a particle size in the range between 2 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 5 pm and 100 pm. The sorbent-active base material may, for example, be activated carbon.

The mixture may contain excipients to improve the heat conduction, for example expanded graphite and / or boron nitride and / or silicon carbide and / or aluminum nitride. The additives preferably have a mass fraction of between 5% and 50%, particularly preferably between 10% and 35%.

Alternatively or additionally, inorganic fibers may be added which improve the thermal conductivity and / or the mechanical stability. In a preferred embodiment activated carbon fibers are added, which advantageously both include a heat conduction function and / or mechanical stabilization and can perform an adsorption function.

A manufacturing method of the molded article of the present invention may be e.g. Extrude and / or sintering include. The sintering can be carried out under inert gas.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and from the dependent claims.

Hereinafter, several preferred embodiments of the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 shows a spatially open view of a module with adsorber structures according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows the module of Fig. 1 in an exploded view.

3 shows an exploded view of housing parts of the module from FIG. 1.

4 shows a schematic sectional view through the module from FIG. 1.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an adsorber structure of the invention with material-locking support.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view through a stacked arrangement of a plurality of the adsorbent structures of FIG. 5. FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a spatial view of adsorber structures of FIG. 5 stacked in two spatial directions.

8 shows sectional views of several types of flat tubes of the adsorber structures from FIGS. 5 to 7 and a sectional view of a flat tube inserted in a tubesheet.

9 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of adsorber structures with non-positive retention.

Fig. 10 shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 9 with wedge-shaped flat tubes.

Fig. 1 1 shows a spatial representation of another example of an adsorber structure of the invention with a round tube. FIG. 12 shows a stacking of adsorber structures according to FIG. 11 in two spatial directions.

Fig. 13 shows a plate-shaped molded body of another embodiment of an adsorber structure.

FIG. 14 shows a modification of the molding of FIG. 13. FIG.

FIG. 15 shows an adsorber structure with round tubes and shaped bodies according to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.

Fig. 16 shows an exploded view of the parts of an alternative housing concept

Fig. 17 shows a module structure with two support elements in cross section

Fig. 18 shows the module assembly with two support elements without the upper housing half shell

Fig. 19 shows another alternative housing concept with one piece

Hydroforming housing

Fig. 20 shows the internal structure of the one-piece hydroformed housing concept with a support element

21 shows the hydroformed housing concept (interior view with support frame and flat tubes)

The module shown in Fig. 1 is one of several modules of a heat pump. It comprises a housing 1, in which a first area as adsorption-desorption area 2 and a second area are arranged next to each other as a condensation evaporation Überber 3. Each of the regions 2, 3 comprises a plurality of tubes 4, in the present case flat tubes, which are arranged in two spatial directions as bundles.

5

The tubes 4 of the first region are each designed as an adsorber structure 5 (see FIG. 5). In this case, the wide sides of the flat tubes 4 are each connected in a planar manner to a shaped body 6, in this case by gluing. The shaped body 6 consists of a mixture of adsorbent, precipitated) activated carbon, and binder.

An adhesive layer 7 for connecting the molded bodies 6 to the tubes 4 comprises a silicone-based elastic adhesive, in the present case Semicosil 988.

15

In the moldings recesses 6a, 6b are formed, which serve as steam channels 6a for the collected supply and discharge of working fluid and / or predetermined breaking points 6b, by which a chipping of the moldings of the tube 4 is avoided in excessive thermal stress.

20

The tubes 4 are in end portions 4a beyond the moldings 6 and open in passages 10a of tube sheets 10. These are designed so that they can absorb thermo-mechanical expansion differences between the housing parts on the one hand and the pipes on the other elastic. 25 For this purpose, they may also have one or more annular beads, which surrounds the passage region of the tube bundle.

The flat tubes 4 may be formed in any desired manner, for example according to FIG. 8 as a laser-longitudinally welded tube, snap-over tube, B-type tube or crimping tube (from left to right). Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show embodiments with flat tubes 4, in which the moldings 6 are not glued or materially connected, but non-positively, in this case frictionally engaged in the example of FIG. 9, the moldings are slightly wedge-shaped and the flat tubes are formed conventionally , Each shaped body 6 extends in a depth direction over a plurality of flat tubes 4. In the longitudinal direction or stacking direction, the orientations of the shaped bodies 6 alternate. In the example of FIG. 10, both the molded body 6 and the flat tubes 4 are slightly wedge-shaped. In this modification, in each case a shaped body extends over a flat tube, rows of flat tubes lying one behind the other in the depth direction being shown in reverse orientation. Preferably (not shown in FIG. 10), the moldings, as in FIG. 9, project over the flat tubes in the depth direction, so that the moldings are held in the wedge direction by support means or elastically force-loading means (not shown). In the stacking direction, respective holding elements 8 are provided on the end side, which support at least the end-side shaped bodies with static or elastic force in this direction. At least part of the support force in the stacking direction can also be intercepted by the pipes 4 received in passages. In further detail, the end-side support means of the tube bundle can also be braced against each other, for. B. by means of one or more straps.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1 1 are in place of flat tubes before round tubes 4, which may be formed polygonal depending on the modification. The round tubes 4 are each partially surrounded by a plurality of, in the present case two, shaped bodies 6. The moldings 6 embed the tube 4 in particular total completely (except for tolerance or adhesive gaps), wherein they have an overall hexagonal outer contour. As a result, the adsorber structures 5 consisting of one tube 4 and two moldings 6 can be stacked in dense packing in two spatial directions (see FIG. 12).

The preferred thickness of the shaped bodies 6 results from the average length of the heat conduction path, for which the same specifications apply to all shapes (preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm, particularly preferably between 2 mm and 6 mm).

It can be seen that the edges of the outer contours of the shaped bodies are rounded in a rounded manner, so that steam channels 6a are formed in each case in the stack. By (not shown) segmentation of the molded body in the tube longitudinal direction and spacing of the segments may be formed transverse to the tube longitudinal axis extending, additional steam channels.

Depending on the requirements, the example according to FIGS. 11, 12 may be formed with a material-locking and / or force-fit connection of the shaped bodies 6 to the tubes 4. With regard to the preferred cohesive connection, the same adhesive system can be used as in the other embodiments. In the example according to FIGS. 13 to 15, the shaped bodies 6 are substantially plate-shaped, with each of the plates 6 having a plurality of bulges 9 for partially enclosing the tubes 4. The tubes are present, but not necessary, round tubes. The moldings 6 each have recesses 8a, 8b for the formation of steam channels and predetermined breaking points. It is understood that an 6a, 6b can fulfill both functions at the same time. These are preferably designed and arranged either in the neutral area of the heat flow and / or as a narrow gap in the heat flow direction. FIG. 15 shows an adsorber structure 5 which comprises a stack of several of the shaped bodies according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 with rows of round tubes 4 arranged therebetween.

In general, the adsorber structures described above preferably have the following properties:

The tubes of the bundles are well thermally conductive connected to the moldings, with end-side projections ranging from 5 mm to 1 5 mm. The tubes of the tube bundles are characterized by:

Base material Fe-base material, particularly preferably ferritic stainless steel; this has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than austenitic stainless steels. Alternatively, depending on the chosen joining method, tinned stainless steel or tinned steel (tinplate) can also be used as the pipe material. Another variant is to use galvanized base material, in particular galvanized steel. By using non-corrosive tools on the inside of the module, such as methanol and heat transfer media with corrosion inhibitors, inexpensive steel (mild steel) can also be used. In addition, they can also be coated or painted in an anticorrosive manner to the outside only after the final cohesive joining of the entire module. The flat tubes 4 (FIGS. 5 to 10) have a hydraulic diameter of <5 mm, preferably in the range between 1 and 2 mm. The wall thickness ken of the flat tubes are in the range 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm.

The round tubes (FIGS. 11 to 15) preferably have a diameter in the range between 4 and 6 mm. The round tubes 4 have wall thicknesses in the range between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.

The shaped bodies of the embodiments described above particularly preferably have features according to the following examples or are preferably prepared in the following way:

Example 1 :

1, using a highly porous adsorbent in powder form as adsorption-active base material for adsorption of the selected working fluid (in this case methanol) having the following properties:

1 .1. Preferably comprising an adsorption isotherm of the type 1. 2. adsorber compound consisting of:

2.1. Powder of the sorption-active base material having a particle size in the range between 2 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 5 pm and 100 pm.

2.2. Ceramic binder based on siliceous ceramics, e.g. Magnesium silicates (example steatite), magnesium aluminum silicates

(Example cordierite) and aluminosilicates (examples of earthenware, porcelain). The proportion by weight of the ceramic binder in the molding is between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 15% and 30%.

2.3. Heat-conductive additives, in particular expanded graphite, BN, SiC, AIN, in the mass fraction between 5% and 50%, preferably from 10% to

35%. 2.4. Optionally inorganic fibers to reinforce and increase the

Thermal conductivity.

2.5. Optionally activated carbon fibers, which have sorptive properties as well as heat conduction function.

3. Made of adsorbent compound by the following procedure

Moldings:

Version 1 ;

3.1. Production of a plastic mass consisting of the components listed above under 1, 2, and water and a plasticizing aid.

3.2. Extrusion e.g. to a film or a strand which is rolled into a film, are rolled into the grooves, grooves or blind holes with subsequent cutting.

3.3. Alternatively, extrusion into a film having the profile already provided, grooves or grooves to improve mass transfer and subsequent cutting into strips.

3.4. Drying, as required, with measures for shape retention. 3.5. Sintering under inert gas at a temperature and hold time required for curing or sintering the aluminosilicate binder into a stable matrix.

Variant 2:

Production of a granulate consisting of the components listed above and an additive (for example a wax), which assumes the function of a green binder after a pressing operation. An example of such a manufacturing process is the Sprühgranulatherstellung.

3.6. Filling the granules into a mold and pressing them to the shape of the adsorber structure. 3.7. Sintering under inert gas at a temperature and hold time required for curing or sintering the aluminosilicate binder into a stable matrix.

3.8. To set a specific porosity and a defined pore structure, the starting mixture may optionally contain a pore-forming agent, e.g. in

Form of powdered polymers or in the form of organic fibers.

For geometrical design of the molded body, the following features are preferably provided:

A plate mold with a thickness in the range between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably in the range between 2 and 6 mm.

One- or two-sided groove structure with a groove distance correlated by a factor between 0.5 and 2 with the plate thickness. A groove width is <1 mm, preferably <0.5 mm.

A groove depth that correlates with the plate thickness by a factor between 0.2 and 0.8. For the adhesive layer 7 for connecting the molded bodies 6 to tubes 4, the following features are preferably present:

Elastic adhesive layer characterized by:

full-surface wetting of the contact surface between adsorbent body and metal support;

-optional partial use of the groove volume as adhesive displacement volume to achieve thin adhesive layers;

-Temperature stability up to 250 ° C for Adsorberdesorption before installation;

-Durable stability to the working medium, preferably methanol, up to 130 ° C; Depending on requirements, enrichment with heat-conducting auxiliaries such as BN, finely ground graphite, expanded graphite or carbon black;

Elongation at break (elongation at break) at room temperature is at least 300%

a layer thickness of the adhesive layer is between 10 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 50 pm and 150 pm.

The heat transfer fluid flowing through the tubes 4 can be chosen as desired, but is preferably a water-propylene glycol mixture.

The module for a heat pump shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has in its first region 2 preferably, but not necessarily, adsorber structures according to one of the embodiments described above. In the second region 3, any evaporation condensation structures can be arranged, but preferably structures according to the document. EP 1 918 668 B1.

The housing 1 of the module comprises a lower housing part 1 a and an upper housing part 1 b, each having in a first direction (Durchströ- tion direction) embossed longitudinal beads for stiffening.

The housing 1 also includes the bottoms 10 with the passages 10a, in which the tubes 4 are inserted. The edges of the bottoms are hermetically sealed by the two housing parts 1 a, 1 b.

Between housing parts 1 a, 1 b and the first and second regions 2, 3 each support structures 1 1 are provided. The support structures 1 1 are formed flat, in the present case as trapezoidal sheets (see in particular Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). A folding of the trapezoidal sheets 1 1 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the housing parts 1 a, 1 b. The trapezoidal sheets lie from the inside to the housing parts 1 a, 1 b and are firmly connected to these by means of material-joining method, such as resistance spot welding.

The crossover of the longitudinal corrugations and the folds results overall in a high pressure stability of the housing walls, in particular against external overpressure, and good thermal decoupling between internal structures and the housing parts.

A further support is the stacked adsorber structures 5 in the first region. At least at operating temperatures and / or under the corresponding pressure influence (installation with minimally necessary play), the moldings 6 abut each other in the vertical and on the trapezoidal sheets of the housing, so that an optimal Support against the usually higher external pressure takes place.

The floors 10 are provided from the outside with water boxes 12 made of plastic, as it is known in principle from the heat exchanger construction. The water boxes 12 have connections 1 2a for the supply and removal of heat transfer fluid.

In the trays 10 are ports 13 for filling the module with working fluid, in this case methanol provided. In the illustration according to FIG. 4, a connection 14 is designed as a pressure relief valve with actuatable valve stamper. As a result, increased reliability and / or multiple filling of the module can be achieved.

A support frame 1 5 is arranged in the module between the first region 2 and the second region 3 in order to further improve the mechanical stability, in particular in the vicinity of the second region 3. In general, in contrast to the adsorber structures 5 of the first region 2, it is not provided that the active structures for evaporation and condensation The second region is abutted against one another in the manner of a mechanical support. This prevents condensed working fluid from flowing from top to bottom between the structures. A further particularly preferred further embodiment has, according to FIGS. B1 to B3, the following deviating features;

The direction of the Gehäusickenicken of the two half-shells is rotated by 90 ° and divided into three sections, between which there are undeformed flat housing surfaces.

The housing shells are internally supported by a total of two support frames in the area of the undeformed flat surfaces, which have flags which partially pass through the housing shells. These flags are subsequently welded from the outside cohesively and hermetically sealed with the housing parts with the advantage that this embodiment can accommodate even greater pressures without damage.

The exemplary embodiment shown with two support frame in combination with the modified bead structure of the housing half-shells allows the elimination of the trapezoidal sheet and thus a reduction of the inner surface and the housing ground.

For the construction of the module and especially of the housing 1 preferably the following features apply:

Both tube bundles of the regions 2, 3 open end in the tube sheets 10 and are connected conclusively with this substance. The tubesheets have the following features: Low thermally conductive metal base material, preferably austenitic stainless steel such as 1 .4301 or 1 .4404. A thickness range of the tubesheet is between 0.3 mm and 1, 5 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm. Depending on the type of tube used and the method of joining, tinned or galvanized base materials or uncoated, inexpensive steels can also be used.

A spacing of the tubesheet passages for thermal decoupling of the two regions 2, 3 as a function of the thermal conductivity of the tubesheets is provided (adiabatic zone 16). Alternatively, however, the tubesheet can also be provided with an impressed transverse beading for reducing the heat conduction losses between the regions.

The tubesheets 10 have integrally formed tube passages 10a and have an optional coating which is adapted to the type of tube used and the fluid-tight joining method implemented, for example a tin layer for the case of joining by means of soft soldering.

A fluid-tight tube-ground connection can be made by remote laser beam welding, characterized by:

Punch punching and passing through a collar of the same height (Figure 8);

Using a laser longitudinally welded tube (Figure 8);

- front flanged seam welding in the heat conduction region;

Alternatively or additionally, a fluid-tight tube-ground connection can be achieved by soft soldering, characterized by:

Use of one of the tubes shown in Figure 8, but preferably B-type, snap-over. Flare or round tube;

Gap widths between 0 mm and 0.5 mm;

-Use of either uncoated base materials and use of flux or use of coated base materials and avoidance of flux; - For the variant uncoated base materials and use of flux are not Ti-stabilized (Ti content only in the context of the usual pollution) steels or in particular to use Edelstahle.

-Adding by immersion, wave, radiation, hot gas, inductive and / or by Ofeniötung of solder pre-coated base materials, Optionally, additional sol for gap filling in the form of solder foil, solder paste, solder wire and the like. According to the prior art be supplied.

Alternatively or additionally, a fluid-tight pipe-ground connection can be achieved by gluing, characterized by:

Use of flat tubes (Figure 8), wedge-shaped flat tubes (Figure 10) or round tubes (Figures 1 1 to 1 5);

Use of a suitable adhesive, preferably from the group of epoxy resin adhesives;

Adhesive joint <0.2 mm.

The housing 1 of the hollow element is preferably characterized by:

Base material made of stainless steel preferably austenitic;

-Schalenbauweise with two housing parts 1 a, 1 b comprising;

- Longitudinal beads in the direction of the tube longitudinal axes, expiring towards the edge; -bener edge for cohesive, fluid-tight connection with the tube sheets 10 via Bördelnahtverschweißung, soft soldering and / or gluing;

-U-shaped fold on each of the longitudinal edges (longitudinal edge reinforcement and splash guard for optional laser welding);

Particularly preferred is a reinforcement by a trapezoidal sheet 1 1 with a folded edge perpendicular to the direction of the outer wall, characterized by:

Trapezoid height tuned to support the inner trapezoidal surfaces on the Adsorberstruktur; Recesses for 90 ° reshaping towards the side surfaces;

Spot welding with the outer shells;

the housing half-shells 1 a, 1 b are preferably connected by welding through the upper and lower plate by means of laser beam deep welding cohesively and hermetically,

the floor-housing connection is carried out by seam welding;

an optional additional sealing takes place by means of sealing adhesive in adhesive joint 17 (FIG. 4).)

Alternatively to the fluid-tight part connection by means of welding technologies, soft soldering and / or gluing can be used.

The support frame 15 is arranged in the region of the adiabatic zone 16 between the sorption zone 2 and the phase change zone 3 and is preferably characterized by:

Frame with U- or L-shaped angled webs;

Frame height matched to the clear width between the inner surfaces of the trapezoidal sheet.

The terminals 13, 14 for evacuating and filling preferably consist of welded to the tube sheet by resistance welding stainless steel or copper nozzle, in each of which an evacuation and Befülirohr copper, for squeezing, ultrasonic welding and / or soldering, are soldered. Alternatively, it may be screwed into the nozzle and sealed by means of metal gasket Edelstahlfittinge, in which a evacuation / Befülirohr copper for squeezing and soldering or ultrasonic welding is soldered.

The water boxes 12 are preferably made of an injection-molded and largely hydrolysis-resistant plastic inner part, preferably made of PA or PPS, comprising:

Elastomer seal for sealing against the tube sheet; -any fluid connection;

- a vent pipe;

An optional pressure bell made of metal (not shown) may have: -Blockentiefe tuned to support the inner, sealing plastic inner part;

Guides and support elements for tension bands;

Tensioning belts for pressing two opposite water tanks on the tube plates of the tube bundles for the sorption zone 2 and the phase change zone 3;

Clamping beam with clamping screws for pressing two opposite water tanks.

Figures 16 to 18 show a module consisting of several modules together a heat pump. It comprises a housing 1 consisting of the upper housing half 1b and the lower housing half 1a, in which a first region as adsorption-desorption region 2 and a second region as condensation evaporation region 3 are arranged side by side. In this case, the adsorption-desorption region 2 is divided into two sub-modules, which are separated by a support element 15. Each of the regions 2, 3 comprises a plurality of tubes 4, in the present case flat tubes, which are arranged stacked in two spatial directions as a bundle. The tubes 4 of the first region are each formed as an adsorber 5. In this case, the wide sides of the flat tubes 4 are each connected in a planar manner to a shaped body 6, in particular by gluing. The molded body 6 consists of a mixture of adsorbent, in the present activated carbon, and binder. In the moldings recesses 6a, 6b are formed, which serve as steam channels 6a for the collected supply and removal of working fluid and / or predetermined breaking points 6b, by which a chipping of the moldings of the tube 4 is avoided in excessive thermal stress.

The tubes 4 are in end portions 4a beyond the moldings 6 and open in passages 10a of tube sheets 10. These are designed so that they can absorb thermo-mechanical expansion differences between the housing parts on the one hand and the pipes on the other elastic. These can also have one or more annular beads, which surrounds the passage region of the tube bundle.

The two support elements 15 are arranged parallel to the longitudinal extent of the tubes 4, the two transverse shells provided housing half-shells 1 a, 1 b supported each other. Alternative detailed designs of the support structure are possible, for example as a grid, a plurality of rods u. ä.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the housing according to FIGS. 19 to 21 is composed of at least one cylinder-segment-like housing region 100 and an arbitrarily shaped second smaller housing region 101, which preferably forms a single internal high-pressure-converted component. The cylinder segment 100 preferably encloses the larger sorption area (adsorption / desorption zone) of the module such that the transition area to the second housing area 101 comes to lie in the adiabatic zone. This transition region is presently supported by a support frame 102 for receiving the diff erenzd ruckkräfte between the inner and the outer space. Both housing sections 100, 101 are provided with beads 103 for stabilizing the shape. This support element 02 is preferably designed as such. leads that it is connected to the hydroformed housing z, B, by welding material conclusive, so as to be able to absorb differential pressure forces from the inside out.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

Module for a heat pump, comprising an adsorption desorption region (2), wherein in the region a bundle of fluid-flowable tubes (4) is arranged and a housing sealingly encloses the tube bundles and a displaceable working medium,

characterized,

a support structure (11) forms a mechanical support of a wall (1a, 1b) of the housing (1) against the effect of an external pressure.

Module according to claim 1, characterized in that a condensation evaporation zone (3) is also provided in the module in which a bundle of fluid-flowable tubes (4) is arranged, the working medium between the adsorption-desorption zone and the condensation zone. Evaporation area (3) is displaced.

Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by an adsorber structure comprising

at least one tube (4) through which a heat-carrying fluid can flow, and

an adsorbent, wherein a working agent can be adsorbed and desorbed on the adsorbent and the adsorbent is in thermal communication with the tube (4), wherein the adsorbent is formed as at least one, in particular a plurality of moldings (6) directly adjacent to a tube wall one of the tubes (4) is adjacent. Module according to claim 3, characterized in that the shaped body (6) forms a mechanical support of a wall (1 a, 1 b) of the housing against the action of an external pressure.

Module according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one of a plurality of moldings (6) is subjected to force, in particular frictionally engaged, against the pipe wall of the pipe (4),

Module according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the two pipe (4) or molded body (6) has a substantially wedge-shaped cross-section, wherein in particular at least one of the two is held in a wedged force.

Module according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the tube (4) is designed as a flat tube, wherein in particular the shaped body (6) adjacent to a broad side of the flat tube.

Module according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the tube (4) is substantially formed as a round tube or polygon tube, wherein the tube (4) by two or more moldings (6) is embedded.

Module according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the flat tubes consist of an Fe-based alloy, in particular a ferritic Fe-based alloy, which, in particular for the purpose of joining and / or corrosion resistance, are coated. Module according to Claim 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies (6) embedding the tube (4) have an overall polygonal, in particular hexagonal outer contour,

Module according to claim 9, characterized in that the shaped body (6) are formed substantially plate-shaped, wherein it has a plurality of indentations (9) for partially enclosing a plurality of the tubes (4).

Module according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the shaped bodies are glued to the pipes by means of a thermoelastic adhesive, for example based on silicone.

The module of claim 12, wherein the adhesive has a low density of uncrosslinked molecules.

Module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing wall of the module consists of an iron-based alloy, in particular of steel, stainless steel, tin-plated steel or galvanized steel, wherein the housing wall is painted in particular on the outside.

Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that no Ti-stabilized steels and / or stainless steels are used when joining the pipe / floor and floor / housing connections by means of soft soldering.

Module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the evaporation condensation region no support through the inner tubes and with them connected which structures for attachment and release of the working fluid is present.

Module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption desorption region occupies a larger part of the module than the evaporation condensation region, wherein in particular the ratio of the volumes claimed within these regions within the housing is between about 2 and about 4.

Module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing is designed as einschaliges innenhoch- d ruckumgeformtes housing.