EP2764300A2

EP2764300A2 - Adsorber structure and module for a heat pump

Info

Publication number: EP2764300A2
Application number: EP12737286.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roland Burk; Hans-Heinrich Angermann; Thomas Schiehlen; Eberhard Zwittig; Steffen Thiele; Thomas Wolff; Holger Schroth; Stefan Felber; Steffen Brunner
Original assignee: Behr GmbH and Co KG; Mahle International GmbH
Current assignee: Mahle International GmbH; Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2011-07-21
Filing date: 2012-07-19
Publication date: 2014-08-13
Also published as: DE102011079581A1; WO2013011084A2; WO2013011084A3; US20140130540A1; US9291374B2

Abstract

The invention relates to an adsorber structure for a heat pump, comprising at least one pipe (4), through which a heat-transfer fluid can flow, and an adsorption medium, wherein a working medium can be adsorbed and desorbed on the adsorption medium and the adsorption medium is in thermal connection with the pipe (4), wherein the adsorption medium is designed as at least one, in particular several, molded bodies (6), which is/are directly adjacent to a pipe wall of one of the pipes (4).

Description

Adsorber structure and module for a heat pump

The invention relates to an adsorber structure according to the preamble of Anspruchs 1 and a module with an adsorber structure according to the invention and a shaped body with an adsorbent.

WO 2010/1 12433 A2 describes a heat pump which has stacks of hollow elements, in each of which an adsorption-desorption zone and a condensation-evaporation zone are arranged. The hollow elements are each filled with a 'working fluid, which is displaceable between the two areas. An adsorbent is applied to sheets having passages for passage of pipes. It is the object of the invention to provide an adsorber structure for a heat pump, which can be used particularly effectively.

This object is achieved for an adsorber structure mentioned above according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1. By forming the adsorbent as immediately adjacent to the pipe wall molding a direct heat transfer from the fluid through the pipe wall is achieved on the molding, this can simplify the structural design, save space and construction costs and increase the overall effectiveness.

An immediate adjoining within the meaning of the invention is to be understood as the geometrically direct abutment of the moldings on the shape of the pipes. Depending on the detail design, one or more further layers may be present between a bearing material of the tube walls and the shaped bodies, for example adhesive, heat conduction, a corrosion protection layer and / or another coating, e.g. for the purpose of soldering. A preferred but not necessary working medium for adsorption and desorption is methanol. The adsorbent is advantageously based on activated carbon.

In an advantageous embodiment, the shaped body has a thickness of at least about 1 mm, preferably at least about 2 mm. Such relatively large thicknesses allow a high space utilization with sorptionsaktivem material with still acceptable effectiveness of the forest. An upper limit for the thicknesses of the shaped body structures in this sense is advantageously about 10 mm and more preferably about 6 mm.

A possible embodiment of the invention provides that the shaped body is connected to the pipe wall by means of a preferably elastic adhesive layer. More preferably, the adhesive has a silicone base which provides good elasticity while maintaining high heat resistance and chemical resistance. In another preferred Embodiment can also be used polysulfone-based adhesives.

Preferably, but not necessarily, the adhesive layer also has additives to increase the thermal conductivity. It may be exemplified by boron nitride and / or finely ground, graphite and / or carbon black.

The thickness of the adhesive layer is <0.5 mm, preferably s 0.3 mm and particularly preferably 5 0.2 mm.

The adhesive layer preferably has an at least short-term temperature stability of about 250 ° C, so that at least one complete Adsorberdesorption, for example in the course of a first installation _»is possible. A permanent resistance of the adhesive layer to the working agent, in particular methanol, is given up to at least about 130 ° C.

The adhesive layer is preferably selected such that an elongation at break or breaking elongation of at least about 200%, preferably about 300%, is present. As a result, flaking off of the molded bodies from the pipe wall is avoided in the event of larger temperature changes.

In a further possible embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one of a plurality of moldings force-applied, preferably frictionally engaged, rests against the tube wall of the tube. Here, a cohesive fixing or bonding is dispensed with, so that different thermal expansions can be optimally compensated. The kraftbeaufschlagte holder causes a defined, high heat transfer.

In a preferred detailed design, at least one of the two, tubular or shaped bodies has a substantially wedge-shaped cross-section, wherein in particular at least one of the two is in a wedge-shaped direction. is held charged. In this case, flat wedge angles of a few degrees are preferably selected.

In principle, an adsorber structure according to the invention may comprise both cohesively and purely non-positively held shaped bodies.

In a generally advantageous embodiment, the tube 'is designed as a flat tube, wherein the shaped body preferably adjacent to broad sides of the flat tube. Flat tubes are easy and inexpensive to produce and have large areas for heat transfer. In principle, all known types of flat tubes are conceivable for use, for example welded and / or brazed tubes, tubes with flanged seams, snap-over tubes and / or B-type tubes.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the tube is designed substantially as a round tube or polygon tube, wherein the tube is embedded by two or more moldings. Such a design allows a largely dense stacking in two spatial directions, which is the utilization of space especially accommodating. In a preferred detailed design, the molded bodies embedding the pipe have an overall polygonal, in particular hexagonal outer contour, so that a substantially geometrically dense stacking can be achieved.

In one possible detail design, the shaped bodies are essentially plate-shaped, wherein they each have a plurality of indentations for partially enclosing a plurality of the tubes. In this way, a good use of space can be achieved with a few items.

Generally, the shaped body has a recess which at least partially forms a vapor channel for the adsorption agent and / or a predetermined breaking point of the shaped body. So is also in a spatially dichotomous th arrangement of adjacent moldings given an effective supply and discharge of the working fluid through the channels. The alternative or complementary function as a predetermined breaking point allows a defined breaking, for example, due to a locally too high thermal expansion, 5 the mechanical and thermal integrity of the overall structure is maintained and the function is by newly formed micro-flow channels and access surfaces of work equipment in or out the adsorber improved. It is also possible to break the predetermined breaking point before operation in order to open further diffusion paths of the working medium into the adsorbing structure.

Generally advantageously, the tube consists essentially of an iron-based alloy. Such alloys are particularly robust against many working fluids, especially methanol. For other work equipment, such as water, however, aluminum-based materials are also an option.

In a preferred detailed design, the tube consists of a ferritic stainless steel (low expansion coefficient) and / or a tinned ferritic stainless steel. It can also consist of 20 tinned stainless steel or steel, such as inexpensive tinplate. Another variant is to use galvanized base material, in particular galvanized steel. It is also possible, low-alloy stainless steel or steel, such as. To use DC03. Both latter materials are resistant to dry methanol.

25

When designed as a flat tube is preferably a hydraulic diameter of less than about 5 mm, preferably in the range between 1 mm and 2 mm, before.

The wall thicknesses of the flat tubes are advantageously in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. When trained as a round tube, these preferably have a diameter in the range between 4 mm and 6 mm. The round tube advantageously have wall thicknesses in the range between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm and preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm

The object of the invention is also achieved by a module for a heat pump, comprising an adsorption-desorption, wherein in the area a bundle of fluid-flowable tubes is arranged and a housing sealingly encloses the tube bundle and a working medium, which in its adsorption desorption a Adsorberstruktur according to any one of claims 1 to 13 according to the invention.

In a preferred development, a condensation evaporation region is additionally provided in the housing, in which a bundle of fluid-flowable tubes is arranged, wherein the working medium is displaceable between the adsorption-desorption region and the condensation evaporation region. Several such modules can be combined to form a heat pump according to the invention, for example according to the teaching of WO 2010/1 12433 A2.

For example, if the module does not include a condensation evaporation zone, it may be used as an adsorptive heat and / or cold storage or in a classic adsorption heat pump concept with multiple adsorption reactors but common condenser and evaporator.

In a preferred embodiment, a support structure forms a mechanical support of a wall of the housing against the effect of an external pressure. In general, in such a module, at least under certain operating conditions, a negative pressure prevails over the conversion. which makes special demands on the design of the housing. By the support structure, the externally acting pressure forces can be effectively intercepted and / or distributed. Such a support structure may for example be formed as a trapezoidal sheet comprising longitudinal folds which are aligned transversely to provided in a housing cover longitudinal beads. Alternative detailed designs of the support structure are possible, for example as a grid, a plurality of bars, T-profiles u, ä.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the module, the adsorber structures are formed as a mechanical support of the housing, which leads to a particularly high resistance to external pressure. Here, at the same time a spatially particularly dense arrangement of the moldings and tubes is utilized. The housing wall of the module is preferably made of an iron-based alloy, for example steel, stainless steel, tinned or galvanized steel or the like. In particular, the material may correspond to a material of the tubes, that is, when using other working medium than methanol and aluminum-based materials.

In a preferred detailed design, there is no support in the evaporation condensation area through the inner tubes and structures connected to them for attachment and discharge of the working medium. Since this area usually has a smaller extent than the adsorption area, the mechanical stability is not significantly impaired. Particularly preferably, a support frame may be provided in the interior of the housing between the two regions and / or within one of the two regions. In a preferred module, the adsorption-desorption area occupies a greater part of the modulus than the evaporation Condensation region. When using liquid heat transfer media, the ratio of the volumes occupied by these regions within the housing is particularly preferably between about 2 and about 4. A molded article according to the invention with an adsorbent for a heat pump consists of a mixture comprising an adsorbent and a binder comprising a ceramic Binder includes. The ceramic binder is preferably but not necessarily based on siliceous ceramics. Particularly preferred these may comprise aluminosilicates.

The mixture advantageously contains a powder of a sorption-active base material in a particle size in the range between 2 μm and 500 μm, preferably between 5 μm and 100 μm. The sorbent-active base material may, for example, be activated carbon.

The mixture may contain auxiliaries for improving the heat conduction, for example expanded graphite and / or boron nitride and / or silicon carbide and / or aluminum nitride and / or a carbon black and / or metallic particles. The additives in their sum preferably have a mass fraction based on the mass of the molding of between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 10% and 35%.

Alternatively or additionally, inorganic fibers may be added which improve the thermal conductivity and / or the mechanical stability.

In a preferred embodiment activated carbon fibers are added, which advantageously both include a heat conduction function and / or mechanical stabilization, as well as can perform an adsorption function. A production process for the shaped body according to the invention may comprise, for example, extrusion, drying and / or sintering. The sintering can be carried out under inert gas. Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and from the dependent claims.

Hereinafter, several preferred embodiments of the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a spatially open view of a module with adsorber structures according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows the module of Fig. 1 in an exploded view.

3 shows an exploded view of housing parts of the module from FIG. 1. FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view through the module from FIG. 1, FIG.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an adsorber structure of the invention with material-locking support.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view through a stacked arrangement of several of the adsorber structures of FIG. 5. FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional view of adsorber structures of FIG. 5 stacked in two spatial directions. 8 shows sectional views of several types of flat tubes of the adsorber structures from FIGS. 5 to 7 and a sectional view of a flat tube inserted in a tubesheet.

9 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of adsorber structures with non-positive retention.

Fig. 10 shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 9 with wedge-shaped flat tubes.

Figure 1 1 shows a three-dimensional representation of another example of an aortic acid structure of the invention with a round tube.

FIG. 12 shows a stacking of adsorber structures according to FIG. 11 in two spatial directions.

Fig. 13 shows a plate-shaped molded body of another embodiment of an adsorber structure.

FIG. 14 shows a modification of the molding of FIG. 13. FIG.

FIG. 15 shows an adsorber structure with round tubes and shaped bodies according to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.

Fig. 18 shows an applied on a flat tube Ädsorberstruktur with a blind hole perforation, and

FIG. 17 shows a section through the blind-holeed adsorber structure according to FIG. 16. The module shown in FIG. 1 is one of several modules of a heat pump. It comprises a housing 1 in which a first area as adsorption-desorption area 2 and a second area as condensation evaporation area 3 are arranged side by side. Each of the regions 2, 3 comprises a plurality of tubes 4 (see FIGS. 5, 18, 17), in the present case flat tubes, which are arranged in two spatial directions as bundles.

The tubes 4 of the first region are in each case formed as an adsorber structure 5 (see Fig. 5) .The broad sides of the flat tubes 4 are in each case connected in a planar manner to a shaped body 6, in the present case by adhesion The shaped body 6 consists of a mixture of adsorbent An adhesive layer 7 (see Fig. 6) for bonding the moldings 6 to the tubes 4 comprises a silicone-based elastic adhesive.

In the moldings groove and / or blind hole-like recesses 6a, 6b are formed, which serve as steam channels 6a for the collected supply and removal of working fluid and / or predetermined breaking points 6b, avoided by the spalling of the molded body of the tube 4 with excessive thermo-mechanical stress becomes.

The tubes 4 are in end regions 4 a beyond the moldings 6 and open in passages 10 a of tube sheets 10th

The flat tubes 4 may be formed in any desired manner, for example according to FIG. 8 as a laser longitudinally welded tube, snap-over tube, B-type tube or flare tube (from left to right). Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show embodiments with flat tubes 4, in which the moldings 6 are not glued or cohesively connected, but non-positively, in this case frictionally engaged. In the example of FIG. 9, the shaped bodies are slightly wedge-shaped and the flat tubes are conventionally formed. Each shaped body 6 extends over a plurality of flat tubes 4 in a depth direction. In the longitudinal direction or stacking direction, the orientations of the shaped bodies 6 alternate. In the example of FIG. 10, both the molded body 6 and the flat tubes 4 are slightly wedge-shaped. In this modification, in each case a shaped body extends over a flat tube, rows of flat tubes lying one behind the other in the depth direction being shown in reverse orientation. Preferably (not shown in FIG. 10), the shaped bodies, as in FIG. 9, project over the flat tubes in the depth direction, so that the shaped bodies are held in the wedge direction by support means or elastically force-loading means (not shown). In the stacking direction, in each case holding members 8 are provided at the end, which support at least the end-side molded bodies with static or elastic force in this direction. At least part of the support force in the stacking direction can also be intercepted by the pipes 4 received in passages. Additional support forces may be received between the support members by straps, tie rods or the like, but this is not shown in the figures.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1 1 are in place of flat tubes before round tubes 4, which may be formed polygonal depending on the modification. The round tube 4 are each partially surrounded by a plurality of, in the present case two, shaped bodies 6. The moldings 6 embed the tube 4 in particular total completely (except for tolerance and / or adhesive gaps), wherein they have an overall hexagonal outer contour. As a result, each consisting of a tube 4 and two moldings 6 Adsorberstrukturen 5 can be stacked in dense packing in two spatial directions (see Fig. 12).

The preferred thickness of the shaped bodies 6 results from the average length of the heat conduction path, for which the same specifications apply to all shapes (preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm, more preferably between 2 mm and 6 mm).

It can be seen that the edges of the outer contours of the shaped bodies are rounded in a rounded manner, so that steam channels 6a are formed in each case in the stack. Depending on the requirements, the example according to FIGS. 11, 12 may be formed with cohesive and / or frictional connection of the shaped bodies 6 to the tubes 4. With regard to the preferred cohesive connection, the same adhesive system can be used as in the other embodiments.

In the example according to FIGS. 13 to 15, the shaped bodies 6 are substantially plate-shaped, with each of the plates 6 having a plurality of bulges 9 for partially enclosing the tubes 4. The tubes are present, but not necessary, round tubes.

The moldings 6 each have recesses 6a, 6b for the formation of steam channels and predetermined breaking points. It is understood that a recess 6a, 6b can also fulfill both functions at the same time. These are preferably designed and arranged either in the neutral area of the heat flow and / or as a narrow gap in the heat flow direction. Fig. 15 shows an adsorber 5 _»comprising a stack of a plurality of the molded bodies according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 with interposed rows of circular tubes 4. In general, the adsorber structures described above preferably have the following properties:

The tubes of the bundles are well thermally conductive connected to the moldings, with end-side projections ranging from 5 mm to 15 mm.

The tubes of the tube bundles are characterized by:

Base material Fe-based material, particularly preferably ferritic stainless steel such as, for example, 1 .4509 or 1.4512; this has lower thermal expansion coefficients than austenitic stainless steels.

Alternatively, as a pipe material - depending on the selected joining method - also tinned stainless steel, tin-plated steel (tinplate) or low-alloy steel such. DC03 and stainless steel are used. Another variant is to use galvanized base material, in particular galvanized steel.

The flat tubes 4 (FIGS. 5 to 10) have a hydraulic diameter of <5 mm, preferably in the range between 1 and 2 mm. The wall thicknesses of the flat tubes are in the range 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm.

The round tube (FIGS. 1 1 to 15) preferably have a diameter in the range between 4 and 6 mm. The round tubes 4 have wall thicknesses in the range between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. The shaped bodies of the embodiments described above particularly preferably have features according to the following examples or are preferably prepared in the following way:

Example 1 :

1 . Use of a highly porous adsorbent in powder form as adsorption-active substance for the adsorption of methanol with the following properties:

1 .1. Preferably comprising an adsorption isotherm of type 1 for the adsorption of methanol.

2. adsorber compound consisting of:

2.1. Powder of the sorption-active base material with a particle size in the range between 2 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 5 pm and

100 pm.

2.2. Ceramic binder based on siliceous ceramics, e.g. Magnesium silicates (example steatite), magnesium aluminum silicates (example cordierite) and aluminosilicates (examples earthenware, porcelain). The proportion by weight of the ceramic binder in the molding is between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 15% and 30%.

2.3. Heat-conductive additives, in particular expanded graphite, carbon black, BN, SiC, AlN, metallic particles and mixtures thereof in the mass fraction between 5% and 50%, preferably from 5% to 35%.

2.4. Optionally inorganic fibers for mechanical structural reinforcement and increase the thermal conductivity.

2.5. Optionally activated carbon fibers, which have both sorptive properties and heat conduction function.

3. Moldings produced from adsorbent compound by the following process: Version 1 :

3.1. Production of a plastic mass consisting of the components listed above under 1., 2. and water and a plasticizing aid.

3.2. Extrusion e.g. to a film or a strand, which becomes a

Foil is rolled with subsequent optional insertion of blind holes and subsequent cutting.

3.3. Alternatively, extrude into a film with the profile already provided and then cut into strips.

3.4. Drying, as required, with measures for shape retention.

3.5. Sintering under inert gas at a temperature and hold time required for curing or sintering the ceramic binder into a stable matrix. Variant 2:

Production of a granulate consisting of the components listed above and an additive (for example a wax), which assumes the function of a green binder after a pressing operation. An example of such a manufacturing process is the Sprühgranulatherstellung.

3.6. Filling the granules in a mold and pressing to the

Shape of the adsorber structure.

3.7. Sintering under inert gas at a temperature and hold time required for curing or sintering the ceramic binder into a stable matrix.

3.8. For setting a specific porosity and a defined

Pore structure, the starting mixture optionally a Porenbildner, for example in the form of powdered polymers or in the form of organic fibers added. This refers to both mentioned production variants. For geometrical design of the molded body, the following features are preferably provided:

A plate mold with an average thickness in the heat transport direction in the range between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably in the range between 2 and 6 mm.

One- or two-sided groove structure with a groove spacing, which correlates with the plate thickness by a factor between 0.5 and 2.

A groove depth that correlates with the plate thickness by a factor between 0.2 and 0.8. A groove width <1 mm, preferably <0.5 mm.

Blind-hole structure introduced on one side to increase the steam inlet area while simultaneously shortening the diffusion paths of the working medium vapor. By one of the measures, the surface / volume ratio of the adsorber structure is preferably increased by at least a factor of 1.5, preferably by at least a factor of 2.

For the adhesive layer 7 for connecting the shaped bodies 6 to tubes 4, the following features are preferably present:

Elastic adhesive layer characterized by:

full-surface wetting of both the adsorbent body surface and the surface of the metal support;

short term temperature stability up to 250 ° C for adsorber desorption prior to installation;

-Durable stability to the working medium, preferably methanol, up to 130 ° C;

Depending on requirements, enrichment with heat-conducting auxiliaries such as BN, finely ground expanded graphite or carbon black;

Elongation at break (elongation at break) at room temperature is at least 300% a layer thickness of the adhesive layer is between 10 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 50 pm and 1 50 pm.

The heat transfer fluid flowing through the tubes 4 can be chosen as desired, but is preferably a water-propylene glycol mixture.

The module for a heat pump shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has in its first region 2 preferably, but not necessarily, adsorber structures according to one of the embodiments described above. In the second region 3, any evaporation condensation structures may be arranged, but preferably structures according to the document EP 1 918 668 B1.

The housing 1 of the module comprises a lower housing part 1 a and an upper housing part 1 b, each having in a first direction (flow direction) embossed longitudinal beads for stiffening.

The housing 1 also includes the bottoms 10 with the passages 10a, in which the tubes 4 are inserted. The edges of the bottoms are hermetically sealed by the two housing parts 1 a, 1 b.

Between housing parts 1 a, 1 b and the first and second regions 2, 3 each support structures 1 1 are provided. The support structures 1 1 are formed flat, in the present case as trapezoidal sheets (see in particular Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). A folding of the trapezoidal sheets 1 1 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal beads of the housing parts 1 a, 1 b and the trapezoidal sheets are from the inside to the Gehäuseteüen 1 a, 1 b. They can be fixed to the housing parts (eg dotted) or rest only with frictional engagement. Due to the crossing of the longitudinal corrugations and the folds results overall high pressure stability of the housing walls, in particular against external pressure and a good thermal decoupling between internal structures and the housing parts.

Another support is the stacked adsorber structure 5 in the first region. At least at operating temperatures and / or under the corresponding influence of pressure (installation with minimally necessary clearance), the molded articles 6 abut each other in the vertical and against the trapezoidal metal sheets. so that optimal support against the usually higher external pressure takes place.

The bottoms 10 are provided from outside with water boxes 12 made of plastic (Fig. 1), as it is known in principle from the heat exchanger construction. The water boxes 12 have connections 12a for the supply and discharge of heat transfer fluid.

In the trays 10 are ports 13 for filling the module with working fluid, in this case methanol provided. In the illustration according to FIG. 4, a connection 14 is designed as a pressure relief valve with actuatable valve stamper. As a result, increased reliability and / or multiple filling of the module can be achieved.

A further support frame 15 is arranged in the module between the first region 2 and the second region 3 (FIG. 3), in order to further improve the mechanical stability, in particular in the vicinity of the second region 3. In general, in contrast to the adsorber structures 5 of the first region 2, it is not provided that the active structures for evaporation and condensation of the second region abut each other in the manner of a mechanical support. For the construction of the module and especially of the housing 1 preferably the following features apply: Both tube bundles of the regions 2, 3 open at the end in the tube sheets 10 and are connected to them cohesively. The tubesheets have the following features:

Low thermal conductive metal base material, preferably austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 or 1.4404. A thickness range of the tubesheet is between 0.3 mm and 1, 5 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm. Depending on the type of tube used and the method of joining, tin-plated or galvanized base materials may also be used.

A spacing of the tubesheet passages for thermal decoupling of the two regions 2, 3 as a function of the thermal conductivity of the tubesheets is provided (adiabatic zone 16).

The tubesheets 10 have integrally formed tube passages 10a and with an optional coating which is adapted to the type of tube used and the fluid-tight joining method implemented. A fluid-tight tube-ground connection can be made by remote laser beam welding, characterized by:

Punch punching and passing through a collar of the same height (Figure 8);

Using a laser longitudinally welded tube (Figure 8);

- If necessary, end-to-end hemming;

Laser beam welding in the heat conduction region;

Alternatively or additionally, a fluid-tight tube-ground connection can be achieved by soft soldering, characterized by:

Use of one of the tubes shown in Figure 8, but preferably B-type, snap-over or crimp tube.

Gap widths between 0 mm and 0.5 mm; -Use of either uncoated base materials and use of flux or use of coated base materials and avoidance of flux;

- For soft soldering without flux, a used stainless steel should not be Ti stabilized;

Plumbing by immersion, wave, radiation, hot gas, induction and / or by furnace soldering of solder pre-coated base materials.

Alternatively or additionally, a fluid-tight pipe-ground connection can be achieved by gluing, characterized by:

Use of flat tubes (Figure 8), wedge-shaped flat tubes (Fig 10) or

Round tubes (Fig 1 1 to 5);

Use of a suitable adhesive;

Adhesive joint <0.2 mm.

The housing 1 of the hollow element is preferably characterized by:

Base material made of stainless steel preferably austenitic;

-Schalenbauweise with two housing parts 1 a, 1 b comprising;

-Längssicken in the direction of the tube longitudinal axes to the edge expiring;

-bener edge for welding fluid-tight connection with the tubesheets 10 via Bördelnahtverschweißung;

-U-shaped fold on one of the longitudinal edges (for longitudinal edge reinforcement and splash protection in laser welding);

Particularly preferred is a reinforcement by a trapezoidal sheet 1 1 with a folded edge perpendicular to the direction of the outer wall, characterized by:

Trapezoid height tuned to support the inner trapezoidal surfaces on the Adsorberstruktur;

Recesses for 90 ° reshaping towards the side surfaces;

Spot welding with the outer shells; the housing halves 1 a, 1 b are welded together, the bottom housing connection is preferably carried out by welding through the upper and lower plate by laser beam deep welding;

an optional additional sealing takes place by means of sealing adhesive in adhesive filling 7 (FIG. 4),

The support frame 15 is arranged in the region of the adiabatic zone between the sorption zone 2 and the phase change zone 3 and is preferably characterized by:

Frame with U- or L-shaped angled webs;

Frame height matched to the clear width between the inner surfaces of the trapezoidal sheet.

The connections 13, 14 for evacuation and filling preferably consist of welded to the tube sheet by means of resistance welding stainless steel nozzle. Alternatively, it can be screwed in and sealed by means of metal seal stainless steel pipe. A copper tube for squeezing and soldering is soldered. The water boxes 12 are preferably made of an injection-molded and largely hydrolysis-resistant plastic inner part, preferably made of PA or PPS, comprising:

Elastomer seal for sealing against the water box;

-any fluid connection;

- a screw-lockable bleeder port;

An optional pressing bell made of metal (not shown) may have: -Blockentiefe tuned to support the inner, sealing plastic inner part;

Guides and support elements for tension bands; -Spannbänder for pressing each two water boxes to the tube sheets of the tube bundles for the sorption zone 2 and the phase change zone 3;

Clamping beam with clamping screws for pressing two opposite water tanks.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show a further embodiment of tubes 4, in particular of tubes 4 of the first region, each carrying an adsorber structure 5. In this case, the wide sides of the flat tubes 4 are each connected in a planar manner to a shaped body 6, in particular by gluing. The molded body 6 consists of a mixture of adsorbent, in this case activated carbon and binder. An adhesive layer 7 for connecting the molded bodies 6 to the tubes 4 comprises, in particular, a silicone-based elastic adhesive. In the moldings blind hole-like recesses 6a are formed, which serve as steam channels for the collected supply and removal of working fluid and / or predetermined breaking points, by which a chipping of the molded body is avoided by the pipe 4 with excessive thermo-mechanical stress. The blind holes are regularly distributed over the molding, as aligned in rows.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

Adsorber structure for a heat pump, comprising

at least one tube (4) through which a heat-carrying fluid can flow, and

an adsorbent, wherein a working medium can be adsorbed and desorbed on the adsorbent and the adsorbent is in thermal communication with the tube (4), characterized

in that the adsorbent is designed as at least one, in particular a plurality of, shaped bodies (6) which adjoin directly a pipe wall of one of the tubes (4).

Adsorber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaped body (6) has a thickness of at least about 1 mm, in particular at least about 2 mm.

Adsorber structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped body (6) by means of a particular elastic adhesive layer (7) is connected to the tube (4),

Adsorber structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the adhesive layer (7) comprises a silicone base, wherein the adhesive layer (7) in particular comprises additives for increasing a thermal conductivity. Adsorber structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of a plurality of moldings (6) subjected to force, in particular frictionally engaged, abuts against the tube wall of the tube (4).

Adsorber structure according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the two, tube (4) or molded body (6), has a substantially wedge-shaped cross-section, in particular at least one of the two is subjected to force in a wedge direction.

Adsorber structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube (4) is designed as a flat tube, wherein in particular the shaped body (6) adjacent to a broad side of the flat tube.

Adsorber structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube (4) is designed substantially as a round tube or polygon tube, wherein the tube (4) by two or more moldings (6) is embedded.

Adsorber structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the tube (4) embedding shaped body (6) have a total of a polygonal, in particular hexagonal Äußenumriss.

Adsorber structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the shaped body (6) are formed substantially plate-shaped, wherein it has a plurality of indentations (9) for partially enclosing a plurality of tubes (4). Adsorber according to any one of the preceding claims _{"characterized} in that the shaped body (6) has a recess (6a, 8b) which at least partially forms a vapor passage for the adsorbent and / or a predetermined breaking point of the molded body (6).

Adsorber structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube (4) consists essentially of an iron-based alloy.

Adsorberstruktur according to claim 12, characterized in that the tube (4) consists of a steel or ferritic stainless steel and / or a tinned steel or ferritic stainless steel.

Module for a heat pump, comprising an adsorption desorption region (2), in which region a bundle of fluid-flowable tubes (4) is arranged and a housing sealingly encloses the tube bundles and a displaceable working medium, characterized in that the adsorption desorption region an adsorber structure according to any one of the preceding claims.

Module according to claim 14, characterized in that a condensation evaporation zone (3) is also provided in the module, in which a bundle of fluid-flowable tubes (4) is arranged, the working medium between the adsorption-desorption zone and the condensation zone. Evaporation area (3) is displaced. Moduf according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that a support structure (1 1) forms a mechanical support of a wall (1 a, 1 b) of the housing (1) against the action of an external pressure.

Module according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the shaped body (6) forms a mechanical support of a wall (1 a, 1 b) of the housing against the action of an external pressure.

Shaped article with an adsorbent for a heat pump, comprising a mixture with an adsorbent and a binder, characterized in that the binder comprises a ceramic binder, in particular based on silicate ceramics.

19. Shaped body according to claim 18, characterized in that the mixture comprises a powder of a sorption-active Grundmateri- al in a particle size in the range between 2 pm and 500 .mu.m, in particular between 5 pm and 100 pm.